Norman Wootan Research Files.

When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, e-mail 
and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for all of 
this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided to post, 
incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for your 
research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that many 
folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us that 
have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have 
always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.


Norman L. Wootan

13723 Lynndale Loop

Abbeville, LA 70510

[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>

(214)907-0010

Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems

The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
technology for the VES program.

Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
interest was “tweaked” in this technology!

I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor 
vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 
stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to arouse any interest 
in the technology here in the US.An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited 
Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the 
technology at which time the Patent process was begun and funding for 
the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the 
necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to 
proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm 
at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly 
contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project 
was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her 
Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. 
While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to 
develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, “proof of 
concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in 
the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that 
he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided 
you in previous documentation the background info on this Program at 
SICU. In which we had a working agreement with the University. In the 
spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended 
by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned 
that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated 
$1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, 
GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite 
photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action 
against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent 
Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I 
agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to 
Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the 
required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum 
thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our version of 
the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab 
Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was 
working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I 
left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude 
for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent 
Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight and 
thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole Project 
with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial 
Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the 
George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to 
review.The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator 
Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR 
portion of our “VES” Program!

Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly improved 
Tesla Turbine)

To be continued in next message:

Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems

This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion Vortex 
Turbine.

Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the 
Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been written 
by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his Boundary 
Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing extensive research 
into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion 
that all that were writing about or researching this device did not 
fully understand just how it worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in 
writing his patents and never divulged all of the technology!I went to 
the very “top” internet sites and publications regarding the subject 
turbine and found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was 
intended to work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix 
Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and 
was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to 
the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had 
the needed stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the 
Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer 
Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal 
efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a 
museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed with 
the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub 
design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and 
booster the operational efficiency and simplified the construction of 
said turbine.At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 
1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to 
the museum and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum 
visitors.

After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
“Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for 
power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim 
said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.I sent to 
Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical 
formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the turbine.Since this 
turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress 
calculations for runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon 
composite that would successfully operate in the required environment 
and would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the 
micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the 
Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the 
operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low 
temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the charts” 
thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) 
Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. 
We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. 
thermal output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump 
Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next segment. 
Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines which all 
operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to 
maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical 
energy to drive the generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or 
method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at 
relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, 
fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance 
requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this System 
in our files!This is a unique System approach to be prototyped and 
Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.

No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such 
very high performance and efficiency.

Next segment: MVR

This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression utilized 
in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 1980 I was 
employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large Corp. at 
Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization and heat 
re-claim technology.I explored all facets of heating and cooling 
technology including the various thermal storage systems like the 
Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage 
density of all known Systems. Home heating systems such as Frenetti 
System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater than1:1.This 
phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was 
recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity 
device.It was previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was 
impossible!NASA was right for I built a device based on the Perkins 
Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation 
which disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the 
billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination (micro 
implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon 
emission.Attached is my Patent of this technology known as the “Sono 
Diffuser”.Jim was excited to learn of this device or technology for we 
need it later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of 
oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ 
of algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.

When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped into 
the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started prototyping on my 
farm for a “stand alone” home power system that also produced “pure 
water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System utilized the Vortex 
turbine (prime mover) for power generation and used the heat pumped 
refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave 
Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced solar 
panels (to be Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles 
of operation are unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” 
during the production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought 
in the process. All of these things work like a “charm” but are not 
currently being utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the state of 
CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal 
and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping 
capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the 
power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat to 
go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine 
(advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to 
augment the power production of the central plant or provide power for 
auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system 
would be increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being 
“blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also 
an environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.All 
of this we can fix!You will find all of this information in Jim’s files 
for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he would e-mail all the 
docs for my review and comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on 
the same page of music!Diffuser patent attached!

Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System

This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.

Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation of 
the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” whose sole output 
product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several options regarding the CO2 
output including deep underground storage in high pressure wells.Just 
what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.Jim contacted several University 
Researchers and obtained lots of information regarding their solar 
fences and systems.I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, 
powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and can be 
run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun 
light availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio 
growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote 
several fantastic books about this very subject.Careful study revealed 
several factors that University Researchers do not know or 
understand.Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the human 
eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for 
photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to 
make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now consider, after 
careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar 
spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.Now 
if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the leaves 
appear green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, in fresh water, 
salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when 
the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.Now with 
this in mind I told Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding 
the optimum light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To 
maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired output 
(lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you 
get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the LEDs from China 
sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.Jim designed these 
modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever and 
practical layout of the footprint.I built several of these laminated 
clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that would bathe the 
passing fluid media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. 
cm and fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow 
rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in density 
based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and nutrient feed (CO2 
and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he 
was a busy fellow!In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of 
“poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process 
oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed to build up you inter into a condition 
of losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono 
Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in sparging 
out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to tell you how 
the Sono Diffuser came into existence.

In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating technology 
and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My curiosity as to 
how these units achieved such high COP values caused me to build (1994) 
a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer cylindrical section was 
clear glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over the spinning 
rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in 
regular light the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe 
laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated 
with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see the 
fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water 
would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the 
vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a 
re-combination detonation which yielded the blue light photon and 
resulting heat.Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of 
cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA 
was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition 
of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I 
could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was 
persistent! Did not come out of solution!I did all kinds of research 
with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation 
(contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And 
doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root structure 
so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.The water contained 
super high levels of oxygen.This phenomenon is well known in very cold 
running water falls where fish will die from what is known as “bleeding 
gill” disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 
125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the 
fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold 
my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked 
if they would be interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they 
declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so 
radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.I call 
that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have the technical 
drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into our System.I am 
an accomplished machinist along with all other technical disciplines for 
I have spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.You 
are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and 
Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced with: 
BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical 
Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared 
Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and 
did Flight Standardization for the Army Material Command.What fun I had 
and am happy to be “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the 
last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and 
had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.

You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred 
till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to speak!There are 
several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the 
future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather “interesting”!   
James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very 
interesting files to be posted.    Norm

Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led to 
the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)

*/Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, California, 
and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at *Southern 
Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to announce the 
expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to develop 3600^o 
F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle 
Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique 
interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a 
*/Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the development, 
application and commercialization, through licensing, of application 
specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, materials, 
fabrication, and process variables to meet identified operational 
component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems 
technology, know-how and intellectual property.

Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion 
Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components 
for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a Hybrid 
Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the Commercialization 
of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” Composite Friction 
Material that has demonstrated break through performance improvements.

CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which has 
been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and other 
high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) years.HMCC 
performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.

·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher

oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by approx. 
30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were Practically 
Eliminated

·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
Energy Loading Conditions

·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable Loss 
of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC System

Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC friction 
materials through the development partnering relationships with 
recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; introduction 
of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As the commercial and 
industrial markets are large and varied, the need exists to tailor each 
end-use considering specific application operational, manufacturing, 
economic, etc. requirements.

As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners _to 
optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :

1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)

2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner 
Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)

3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 Mo).Depending 
on individual partner product optimization requirements, market goals 
and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be overlapped with Phase 2 or at 
any time thereafter.

In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for each 
application specific component (Product) development

·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with Sub-Scale 
System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet Application 
Specific Operational Needs.

·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator Interface 
to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning Support Only!

·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current Production 
Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days

For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite 
Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or other 
applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, Composite 
Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: [email protected] 
<mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 
453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].

On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for 
> all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided 
> to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for 
> your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that 
> many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us 
> that have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I 
> have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.
>
>
> Norman L. Wootan
>
> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>
> Abbeville, LA 70510
>
> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>
> (214)907-0010
>
> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
> Systems
>
> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
> technology for the VES program.
>
> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>
> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor 
> vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 
> stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to arouse any 
> interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor Group in Berlin 
> GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of 
> the technology at which time the Patent process was begun and funding 
> for the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the 
> necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to 
> proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm 
> at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype development.I was in 
> weekly contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, 
> the Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being 
> represented by Her Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the 
> $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 
> 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second 
> working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim 
> asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace 
> at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic 
> reactor unit!I have provided you in previous documentation the 
> background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working 
> agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of 
> concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor 
> representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen Funding 
> and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of the 
> Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a 
> home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home 
> and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against 
> MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.See: 
> both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to 
> pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent 
> around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the 
> required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum 
> thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our version of 
> the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab 
> Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was 
> working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, 
> I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the 
> latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our 
> Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight 
> and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole 
> Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and 
> Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of these 
> documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for 
> our President to review.The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt 
> Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great deal of 
> insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
>
> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
> improved Tesla Turbine)
>
> To be continued in next message:
>
> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
> Systems
>
> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
> Vortex Turbine.
>
> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the 
> Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
> written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his 
> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing extensive 
> research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the 
> conclusion that all that were writing about or researching this device 
> did not fully understand just how it worked for Tesla was very 
> “shrewd” in writing his patents and never divulged all of the 
> technology!I went to the very “top” internet sites and publications 
> regarding the subject turbine and found that no one had a “clue’ as to 
> how it really was intended to work at the “super high thermal 
> conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP version of this 
> turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the results. 
> This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the proper 
> metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress 
> modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline 
> I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by 
> Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop 
> that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine 
> to demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent office the 
> Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated 
> all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational 
> efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.At the 
> International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this 
> Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it 
> went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>
> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
> “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for 
> power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which 
> Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.I 
> sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress 
> analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly 
> showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would 
> produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate in 
> the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and could 
> be surface finished at the micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” 
> diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high 
> density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed 
> for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve 
> the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor 
> Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be 
> incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very 
> conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.This is totally 
> achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump 
> technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift 
> from the current steam turbines which all operate at very high 
> pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction 
> or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the 
> generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of 
> calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at 
> relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, 
> fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance 
> requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this System 
> in our files!This is a unique System approach to be prototyped and 
> Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>
> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such 
> very high performance and efficiency.
>
> Next segment: MVR
>
> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 1980 I 
> was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large 
> Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization 
> and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets of heating and 
> cooling technology including the various thermal storage systems like 
> the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage 
> density of all known Systems. Home heating systems such as Frenetti 
> System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater 
> than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins 
> (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of 
> such an over unity device.It was previously thought that a COP of 
> greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was right for I built a device 
> based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP 
> which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at 
> the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which 
> there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a 
> near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached is my Patent 
> of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was excited to 
> learn of this device or technology for we need it later in the Photo 
> Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media 
> for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae since we have to 
> maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>
> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that also 
> produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System utilized 
> the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and used the 
> heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow 
> diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging was 
> from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has anything 
> like this for its principles of operation are unknown by others.Gray 
> water and “heat of condensation” during the production of water from 
> the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. All of these 
> things work like a “charm” but are not currently being utilized.What a 
> shame.When Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation 
> that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I 
> proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of our 
> System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power plants 
> plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat to go back 
> into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced 
> Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to augment the 
> power production of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary 
> plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be 
> increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown 
> off” to the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also an 
> environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.All 
> of this we can fix!You will find all of this information in Jim’s 
> files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he would e-mail 
> all the docs for my review and comment or additions. Jim and I were 
> “totally” on the same page of music!Diffuser patent attached!
>
> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>
> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
> incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>
> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation 
> of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” whose sole 
> output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several options regarding 
> the CO2 output including deep underground storage in high pressure 
> wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.Jim contacted 
> several University Researchers and obtained lots of information 
> regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim about my idea of 
> using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC which do not heat 
> the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence 
> units that are limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an 
> interesting area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of 
> Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this 
> very subject.Careful study revealed several factors that University 
> Researchers do not know or understand.Ever wonder why most plant 
> foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, 
> the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light energy combines 
> the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell 
> growth!Now consider, after careful study you will find that the “green 
> wavelength” in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and 
> used in the photo process.Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” 
> wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae 
> species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red 
> bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when the water is depleted of 
> oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim 
> that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light 
> wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize growth 
> rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
> everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired output 
> (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you 
> get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the LEDs from China 
> sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.Jim designed these 
> modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever and 
> practical layout of the footprint.I built several of these laminated 
> clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that would bathe the 
> passing fluid media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per 
> sq. cm and fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and 
> flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
> calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in 
> density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and nutrient 
> feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I 
> would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae growth cycle there is an 
> accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is broken down in 
> the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed to build up you 
> inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and growth 
> stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is 
> very useful in sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to 
> digress again to tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>
> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating technology 
> and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My curiosity as to 
> how these units achieved such high COP values caused me to build 
> (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer cylindrical 
> section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over 
> the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the billions! 
> When viewed in regular light the water was almost white like 
> froth.When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) the picture 
> changed and when illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I 
> could “stop action” and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in 
> the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the 
> almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the 
> hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation 
> which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.Thus I found 
> the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater 
> than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 
> which made them think that the definition of a “calorie “was wrong!I 
> built several Diffusers and found that I could “imprint” oxygen into 
> water at the 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of 
> solution!I did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to 
> include ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, 
> accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to 
> drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen 
> absorption.The water contained super high levels of oxygen.This 
> phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where fish 
> will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the 
> high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen 
> partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.After 
> Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to 
> the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked if they 
> would be interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they declined 
> to buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so 
> radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.I call 
> that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have the technical 
> drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into our System.I 
> am an accomplished machinist along with all other technical 
> disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very highest levels of 
> technology.You are kind of exposed to such things when you have a 
> Military Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to 
> day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land 
> Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, 
> (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing 
> and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army 
> Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When I 
> retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an 
> Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down in 
> Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>
> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred 
> till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to speak!There are 
> several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the 
> future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather “interesting”! 
> James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very 
> interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>

Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) 
after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the Sonodiffusor 
Patent.

“Sonodiffuser”

By:Norman Langston Wootan

9/24/2012

The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth 
behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
“Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as “Diffuser/emulsifier”. 
I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a decorated 30 year military 
veteran and a Research Scientist that is widely known as a “no bullshit” 
sort of guy, do hereby give the following account of the above 
subject.Please note on the Patent shown below, the Inventor!

<http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>



<http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>


<http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>


	

( 1of1)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

United States Patent

	

6,386,751

Wootan ,   et al.

	

May 14, 2002

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Diffuser/emulsifier

Abstract

A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host 
material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator 
can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the 
infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in 
breakdown of complex molecular structures.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Inventors:

	

Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

	

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(

Appl. No.:

	

08/957,530

Filed:

	

October 24, 1997

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Current U.S. Class:

	

366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

	

B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)

Field of Search:

	

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development for 
a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and exciting 
energy technologies that could be developed and employed in the average 
home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of maintaining the 
living environment at the desired comfort level. It was during this 
exhaustive search that I happened to find the domestic oil heating 
system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
“anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this Patent, 
I began a search of all patents that used shearing or succusion to 
produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins Rotor, Patent 
#4424797 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the ability 
to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a “hot” 
trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.My next 
find was very interesting for it has shown that a former employer for 
Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as the hydro sonic 
pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from several Energy 
Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was definitely 
shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more energy in the form of 
Btu’s than the input energy in kWh electrical. A court fight ensued 
between Perkins and Griggs because of the similarities between the two 
devices and eventually Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to 
“prior art”.

After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins Rotor 
and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly violate 
the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype (still have it) is very 
unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the rotor is made 
of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type of action is 
taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With 
water flowing through the operating device, I bathed the frothy looking 
water (what you see in your blender when set on puree) with coherent 
light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a high speed strobe tach to 
“stop action” the rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I 
saw literally millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with the 
open end of one attached to the rotor and the other open end connected 
to the fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the center. Just as 
if you put two ice cream cones together at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that 
the anomalous effects are now caused by micro cavitation the same as 
seen on boat propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive 
to metals if allowed to persist.A micro cavitation is a vortex that 
“implodes” with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the 
cone.This is proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that 
water is split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion 
process occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and 
blue light spectrum.The attendant heat produced at this micro level is 
the cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire 
device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by 
NASA investigation.

I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% saturation 
which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was to use an 
eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen into the 
water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor and found that 
when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex generating holes in the 
rotor and stator housings that indeed higher level of oxygen was being 
infused into the water.

At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including Anthony 
Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the oxygenated 
water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was immediately 
intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before Tony Woods saw 
my device running, he had no clue about “sonochemistry”. He was retiring 
(forced by staff reduction) and wanted to invest some of his retirement 
funds into something of promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining 
cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same design 
features.I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to a 
machinist in the immediate neighborhood.About a week later everything 
was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new 
prototype.On our first runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels 
of infused oxygen which was very persistent for it remained combined in 
the water for days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.Immediately 
Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several 
investors to provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a 
viable product.Ann Wilson joined our new company which became “Life 
Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was brought on board from Austin who 
drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a lab to do 
the necessary documentation and begin the technical description and 
drawings needed for Patent application. When I had completed all the 
drawings and did the complete technical explanation as to how the device 
actually worked with the various embodiments needed by the Patent 
attorney, the process was initiated.

At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla Coil 
which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris said he 
knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested in buying 
the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought Bobby Burris on 
board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.When the Corp. 
Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had 
a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share interest.I had no 
money so my intellectual property and developmental work comprised my 
24% share interest.I still have the original Corp documents with shares 
in “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary shareholder meetings and 
other legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.

I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it came 
to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI Patents by 
being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the Patent attorney 
delivered the final draft of the Patent application, Tony Wood had 
pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When more than one 
inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes into play. Since 
Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as first 
inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson was witness to 
the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened hammer into a lab table 
top and told Tony Woods that would be his “head” if he did not 
immediately change the order of the inventors. All of this technology 
was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the 
funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.

During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels as 
high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like 
Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically 
without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.Our plants 
being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and growth when 
compared to a control identical plant set.

We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen to 
be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
“tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.

We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We experimented 
successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.We also 
demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures (VOC) by 
the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated the 
sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water which 
stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth of algae 
for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of light, 
water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.

http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971

http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507

http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191

After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, Tony 
Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.

Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our CO2 
sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of nitrogen.

On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led 
> to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)
>
> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at 
> *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to 
> announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to 
> develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic 
> Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique 
> interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a 
> */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the development, 
> application and commercialization, through licensing, of application 
> specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, 
> materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet identified 
> operational component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
> Composite Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.
>
> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion 
> Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components 
> for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a 
> Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the 
> Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” 
> Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break through 
> performance improvements.
>
> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>
> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>
> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by approx. 
> 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were Practically 
> Eliminated
>
> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
> Energy Loading Conditions
>
> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC 
> System
>
> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As the 
> commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need 
> exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>
> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners _to 
> optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :
>
> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>
> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner 
> Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>
> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization requirements, 
> market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be overlapped with 
> Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>
> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
> each application specific component (Product) development
>
> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet 
> Application Specific Operational Needs.
>
> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning 
> Support Only!
>
> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current Production 
> Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>
> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or 
> other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, 
> Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: 
> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter Filip, 
> Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>
> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for 
>> all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided 
>> to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for 
>> your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that 
>> many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us 
>> that have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I 
>> have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.
>>
>>
>> Norman L. Wootan
>>
>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>
>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>
>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>
>> (214)907-0010
>>
>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>> Systems
>>
>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>> technology for the VES program.
>>
>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>
>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
>> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor 
>> vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 
>> stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to arouse any 
>> interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor Group in Berlin 
>> GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation 
>> of the technology at which time the Patent process was begun and 
>> funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set 
>> up the necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the 
>> funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 
>> 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype 
>> development.I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his interest in 
>> the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 million) by 
>> GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.My prototype 
>> development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was machining 
>> out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD 
>> specs and drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept 
>> reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the 
>> construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he 
>> could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided 
>> you in previous documentation the background info on this Program at 
>> SICU. In which we had a working agreement with the University. In the 
>> spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR 
>> attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it 
>> was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has 
>> misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to 
>> the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of 
>> which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, 
>> Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took possession of both 
>> prototypes and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the 
>> spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using 
>> the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the 
>> technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to 
>> operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our 
>> intention to build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>> at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was 
>> adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his heart out!Since I 
>> designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the 
>> “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the JEP 
>> Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.Jim 
>> gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight and thinking 
>> ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole Project with all 
>> the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial 
>> Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the 
>> George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to 
>> review.The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator 
>> Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR 
>> portion of our “VES” Program!
>>
>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>
>> To be continued in next message:
>>
>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>> Systems
>>
>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>> Vortex Turbine.
>>
>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the 
>> Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
>> written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his 
>> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing 
>> extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly 
>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked 
>> for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never divulged 
>> all of the technology!I went to the very “top” internet sites and 
>> publications regarding the subject turbine and found that no one had 
>> a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the “super high 
>> thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP version of 
>> this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the 
>> results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the 
>> proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed 
>> stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical 
>> Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was 
>> utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 
>> 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum 
>> quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed with the 
>> US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub 
>> design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and 
>> booster the operational efficiency and simplified the construction of 
>> said turbine.At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 
>> 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure 
>> to the museum and it went on display and was demonstrated to all 
>> museum visitors.
>>
>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
>> “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for 
>> power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which 
>> Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.I 
>> sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress 
>> analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly 
>> showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would 
>> produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate in 
>> the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and could 
>> be surface finished at the micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” 
>> diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a 
>> high density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we 
>> needed for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.To 
>> achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical 
>> Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be 
>> incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very 
>> conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.This is totally 
>> achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump 
>> technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge 
>> shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at very high 
>> pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction 
>> or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the 
>> generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of 
>> calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at 
>> relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, 
>> fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance 
>> requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this 
>> System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be prototyped 
>> and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>
>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such 
>> very high performance and efficiency.
>>
>> Next segment: MVR
>>
>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 1980 
>> I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large 
>> Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization 
>> and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets of heating and 
>> cooling technology including the various thermal storage systems like 
>> the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage 
>> density of all known Systems. Home heating systems such as Frenetti 
>> System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater 
>> than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins 
>> (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of 
>> such an over unity device.It was previously thought that a COP of 
>> greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was right for I built a device 
>> based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP 
>> which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at 
>> the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which 
>> there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a 
>> near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached is my Patent 
>> of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was excited to 
>> learn of this device or technology for we need it later in the Photo 
>> Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media 
>> for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae since we have to 
>> maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>
>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that 
>> also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System 
>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block 
>> flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging 
>> was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has 
>> anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by 
>> others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the production of 
>> water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. All of 
>> these things work like a “charm” but are not currently being 
>> utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the state of CA had 
>> passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and 
>> vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping 
>> capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into 
>> the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible 
>> heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex 
>> turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an 
>> alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or 
>> provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of 
>> the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by 
>> capturing the energy being “blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated 
>> cooling towers.There is also an environmental concern due to hot 
>> water discharge into streams etc.All of this we can fix!You will find 
>> all of this information in Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into 
>> the “VES” System he would e-mail all the docs for my review and 
>> comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of 
>> music!Diffuser patent attached!
>>
>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>
>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
>> incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>
>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation 
>> of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” whose sole 
>> output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several options regarding 
>> the CO2 output including deep underground storage in high pressure 
>> wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.Jim contacted 
>> several University Researchers and obtained lots of information 
>> regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim about my idea of 
>> using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC which do not heat 
>> the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence 
>> units that are limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an 
>> interesting area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of 
>> Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about 
>> this very subject.Careful study revealed several factors that 
>> University Researchers do not know or understand.Ever wonder why most 
>> plant foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the 
>> chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light 
>> energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules 
>> for cell growth!Now consider, after careful study you will find that 
>> the “green wavelength” in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most 
>> absorbed and used in the photo process.Now if the leaves are 
>> absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to 
>> our eyes?Most algae species are green, in fresh water, salt water 
>> algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when the 
>> water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.Now with 
>> this in mind I told Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding 
>> the optimum light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. 
>> To maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light 
>> panels.Optimize everything!With the algae species selected based on 
>> our desired output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the 
>> more biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the 
>> LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel 
>> arrays.Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container like 
>> Module and has a clever and practical layout of the footprint.I built 
>> several of these laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED 
>> patterns that would bathe the passing fluid media containing the 
>> algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.Jim did 
>> all the power calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae 
>> growth over a 24 hour period. He was calculating the time needed for 
>> algae species growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel 
>> depths, light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if 
>> Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the 
>> algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for 
>> when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a 
>> byproduct.If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of losing 
>> your anaerobic state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser 
>> Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in sparging out 
>> oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to tell you how the 
>> Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>>
>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused 
>> me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer 
>> cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as 
>> it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices 
>> in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost 
>> white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) the 
>> picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed strobe 
>> light I could “stop action” and see the fantastic number of micro 
>> tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV 
>> because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which 
>> broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination 
>> detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting 
>> heat.Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation 
>> Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was 
>> documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition 
>> of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I 
>> could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was 
>> persistent! Did not come out of solution!I did all kinds of research 
>> with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation 
>> (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And 
>> doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root 
>> structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.The 
>> water contained super high levels of oxygen.This phenomenon is well 
>> known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what 
>> is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen levels in 
>> cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures 
>> the capillaries in the fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. 
>> Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono 
>> Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be interested in 
>> the next better “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!Now Jim and I 
>> had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will 
>> not infringe on the original Patent.I call that “thinking outside of 
>> the box” LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked 
>> forward to incorporating it into our System.I am an accomplished 
>> machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent 
>> a full life in the very highest levels of technology.You are kind of 
>> exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and 
>> Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced 
>> with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), 
>> Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking 
>> Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing and helicopter 
>> Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army Material 
>> Command.What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When I retired 
>> to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an Electrical and 
>> Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, 
>> TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>
>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred 
>> till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to speak!There are 
>> several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the 
>> future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather “interesting”! 
>> James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very 
>> interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>

( 1of1)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

United States Patent

	

6,386,751

Wootan ,   et al.

	

May 14, 2002

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Diffuser/emulsifier

Abstract

A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host 
material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator 
can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the 
infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in 
breakdown of complex molecular structures.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Inventors:

	

Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

	

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(

Appl. No.:

	

08/957,530

Filed:

	

October 24, 1997

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Current U.S. Class:

	

366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

	

B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)

Field of Search:

	

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

------------------------------------------------------------------------

References Cited _[Referenced By] 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_

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U.S. Patent Documents


	
	
	
	
	

	

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November 1927

	
	

Deniston


	

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Other References


Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved 
on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
<http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..


/Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
/Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
/Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, L.L.P.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

/Claims/

------------------------------------------------------------------------



What is claimed is:

1. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first side positioned relative to said surface 
of said first member to form a channel therebetween through which a 
first material provided from a first inlet into said channel flows and 
into which a second material provided from a second inlet through a 
second side of said second member is introduced, said diffuser 
configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided 
from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; and

means for moving said first material through said channel relative to 
said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material 
within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first 
material.

2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a surface 
incorporating surface disturbances.

3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
disturbances comprise impressions.

4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.

5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.

6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise 
protrusions.

7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.

8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.

9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member 
and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass 
said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first 
material.

10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
first member and said second member for passing two different materials 
to said channel prior to mixing with each other.

11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing 
said first and second materials through said channel.

12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving 
said first and second materials through said channel.

13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a cylindrical 
shape.

14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.

15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical shape.

16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical 
shape.

17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
hemispherical shape.

18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more 
discrete frequencies.

19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
comprising the steps of:

inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed 
between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a 
substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to 
said channel throughout said method of diffusing;

inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and second 
members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and

moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
cause said first and second materials to be compressed and decompressed 
resulting in cavitation of said first material within said channel to 
diffuse said second material into said first material.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second members 
include surface disturbances facing said channel.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with said surface disturbances positioned in 
an array to compress and decompress said first material at a known 
frequency.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned in a 
plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first material at 
respective discrete frequencies.

25. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a channel 
thorough which a first material flows between said respective member 
surfaces, said second member further having orifices;

a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said channel, 
said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path 
is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation 
thereof;

a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
surface of said second member such that said second material is input 
through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first material; 
and

a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into said 
first material.

26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and 
said second material is a gas.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

/Description/

------------------------------------------------------------------------



CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable

STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, 
to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid 
into a material.

2. Description of the Related Art

In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a 
subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one liquid 
are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not mix, such 
as oil into vinegar. One important application of the diffusion process 
is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities aerate their wastewater 
as part of the treatment process in order to stimulate biological 
degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological digestion of 
organic matter is very dependent upon the amount of oxygen in the 
wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to sustain the life of the 
microorganisms which consume the organic matter. Additionally, oxygen is 
able to remove some compounds, such as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.

There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine aeration 
systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller which mixes 
the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be sprayed into the 
air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system produced by AQUATEX 
injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects the water/gas to a 
large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device have shown an 
improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 ppm (parts per 
million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring levels of oxygen 
in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is considered to be a 
level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the 
oxygen content of the water. The increased oxygenation levels last only 
minutes prior to reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.

Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would 
be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation 
would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment 
facilities.

Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a 
surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
through which a first material and a second material may flow. The first 
material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to create 
cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second material 
into the first material.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
consistent diffusion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions 
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block 
diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;

FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
diffuser;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
diffuser;

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;

FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly in 
a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment of 
the invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating 
the diffusion; and

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of the 
drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the various 
drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
(hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid 
material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a 
normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be in 
a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.

A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. 
Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first 
infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 
12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a 
desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed 
therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred 
embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger 
borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various 
shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 
1) or curved.

A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the 
rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The 
stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A housing 
34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second infusion 
material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34. The 
host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. Seals 38 are 
formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. An outlet 40 
passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 42, where it 
exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by motor 18 or by 
an auxiliary source.

In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through 
inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material 
on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass 
through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion 
materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The 
infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the 
host material from passing through openings 22.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for the 
diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different infusion 
materials to be introduced to the host material. Alternatively, a single 
infusion material could be introduced into both inlets.

In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels of 
diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests 
using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material 
have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with the 
increased oxygen levels lasting for days.

The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is 
believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in 
connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth 
surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary layer 
that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface tension 
between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The openings 22, 
however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause compression and 
decompression of the material. If the pressure during the decompression 
cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will form in the 
material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow pattern 46, like 
a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure draws the host 
material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 2a. When the 
cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures result. As two 
aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock wave) occurs, 
generating significant energy. The energy associated with cavitation and 
succussion mixes the infusion material and the host material to an 
extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular level.

The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings that 
pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the device 
operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic frequency 
can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that operating 
the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides the maximum 
succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the fluid 
molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion materials 
which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency at which 
the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of diffusion, leading 
to much longer persistence of the infusion material in the host material.

In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case of 
water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
(volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can be 
used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures at a 
high efficiency.

Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. In 
general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical reactions. 
Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a piezoelectric or other 
electro-acoustical device. A problem associated with electro-acoustical 
transducers is that the sound waves do not provide uniform sound waves 
throughout the material; rather, the desired cavitation is localized 
around the device itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic 
waves to be produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical 
device.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 and 
stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
(shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a different 
number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In similar 
fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of openings 52 
(shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To ensure that only 
one pair of openings between corresponding arrays will be coincident at 
any one time, the number of openings 22 in a given array 52 on the 
stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the number of openings 22 in 
the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. Thus, for example, if array 
50a had twenty openings evenly spaced around the circumference of rotor 
12, array 52 could have 21 openings spaced evenly around the 
circumference of stator 30.

As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array will 
create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing 
different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will 
result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of 
frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown 
impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form the 
borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 uses an 
inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can be drilled, 
from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each borehole 26 on the 
inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 is drilled on the 
outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed in, and secured to, 
the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods, such as 
casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.

FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 10. 
Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in these 
figures.

FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment where 
the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates a top 
view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above and 
below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of 
openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by 
each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As before, for each 
array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the 
corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous 
succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 22 can be of 
the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 
to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion 
material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 
receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows in the 
channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to 
the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of 
the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host 
material passes to outlets 40.

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 
12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different 
frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed on 
the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be 
formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 
have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with 
FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. 
In addition to the openings around the circumference of the rotor 12, 
there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical shape, with 
corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at the bottom. As 
before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less 
than the rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two 
openings 22 on the same array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to 
the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. 
Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives 
the second infusion material. As the host material flows between the 
rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at 
the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second 
materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to 
outlets 40.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 
22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple 
frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of 
shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to 
realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.

The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. 
Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width of 
channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be dependent 
upon the application of the device.

As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In 
this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second 
infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or 
other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. It 
has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to 
approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations 
expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests 
which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water at 
ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved 
oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved 
oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained 
above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% 
dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved 
oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 
kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the 
orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on 
the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly 
increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.

Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other 
toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials 
and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, 
the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host 
material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as 
described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of 
openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an 
destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the 
complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the 
treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous 
substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was 
known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of 
frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could be 
used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and highly 
structured substance.

For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and second 
infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.

While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in connection 
with large applications, such as municipal wastewater remediation, it 
could also be used in household applications, such as drinking water 
purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.

The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion 
of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of 
the host material. Examples of such applications would include the 
homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other applications 
could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and gases/liquids 
resulting in higher fuel economy.

FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the 
frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one of 
either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material 
through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion 
material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has 
its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The 
cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the 
accompanying orifices 24.

In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is passed 
through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the borehole 26, 
rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous embodiments. It should be 
noted that the primary purpose of the borehole 26 is to disrupt the 
laminar flow of the host material along the surface of the rotor 12 and 
stator 30. The compression and rarefaction (decompression) of the host 
material causes the micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of 
diffusion produced by the device. During decompression, voids 
(cavitation bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation 
bubbles grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced 
by the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of 
the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the 
channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host 
material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant shock 
waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.

FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host 
material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of 
channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) 
is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and 
the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between the 
rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the compression/rarefaction 
cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation in the mixture, and is 
subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.

Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in 
the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface 
disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along 
the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as bump 
62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in conjunction 
with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes could also be 
used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the 
rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation and shock waves.

As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather than 
a particular frequency. The structures used to create the cavitation 
need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed on the rotor 
12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, as shown in 
FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of the rotor 12 
and the surface of the stator 30 to create the cavitation; however, in 
most cases, operation of the device 10 will be more efficient if both 
surfaces are used.

FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained 
infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and 
stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed 
between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or 
both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The host 
material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump or 
other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion 
materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by 
mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the 
channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 
causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.

As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, through 
which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host material in 
the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would cause 
micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows over the 
mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would depend upon 
the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host material. Once 
again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the host material at 
the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 
70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host 
material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream 
from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other device. 
The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger shaped. On 
the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more surface 
disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 70 
creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high 
degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller 
blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create 
the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes 
described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw 
the materials through the conduit.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
consistent diffusion.

Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to 
certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to 
those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or 
alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.

On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
> take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) 
> after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>
> “Sonodiffuser”
>
> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>
> 9/24/2012
>
> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth 
> behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
> “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent shown 
> below, the Inventor!
>
> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>
>
>
> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>
>
> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>
>
> 	
>
> ( 1of1)
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> United States Patent
>
> 	
>
> 6,386,751
>
> Wootan ,   et al.
>
> 	
>
> May 14, 2002
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Diffuser/emulsifier
>
> Abstract
>
> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
> relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
> openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
> openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
> resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
> and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and 
> stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
> frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between 
> the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective 
> in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Inventors:
>
> 	
>
> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>
> Assignee:
>
> 	
>
> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>
> Appl. No.:
>
> 	
>
> 08/957,530
>
> Filed:
>
> 	
>
> October 24, 1997
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Current U.S. Class:
>
> 	
>
> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>
> Current International Class:
>
> 	
>
> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>
> Field of Search:
>
> 	
>
> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development 
> for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and 
> exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in 
> the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of 
> maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It 
> was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the domestic 
> oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a 
> “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.My 
> next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former employer 
> for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as the hydro 
> sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from several 
> Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was 
> definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more energy in 
> the form of Btu’s than the input energy in kWh electrical. A court 
> fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the similarities 
> between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out at the Patent 
> Office due to “prior art”.
>
> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly 
> violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype (still have 
> it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the 
> rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type 
> of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass 
> cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed 
> the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on 
> puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a 
> high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the rotor which was turning at 
> 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro tornadoes 
> arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the rotor and 
> the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones 
> joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together 
> at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused 
> by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This 
> cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.A 
> micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” with pressures 
> approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is proven by the fact 
> that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into atomic oxygen 
> and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs at a very tiny 
> level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.The 
> attendant heat produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid 
> metal erosion and collectively causes the entire device to exhibit 
> over unity operational characteristics as found by NASA investigation.
>
> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was 
> to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen 
> into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor and 
> found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex generating 
> holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher level of 
> oxygen was being infused into the water.
>
> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including Anthony 
> Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the oxygenated 
> water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was immediately 
> intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before Tony Woods 
> saw my device running, he had no clue about “sonochemistry”. He was 
> retiring (forced by staff reduction) and wanted to invest some of his 
> retirement funds into something of promise.Thus he wanted to fund the 
> machining cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same 
> design features.I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to 
> a machinist in the immediate neighborhood.About a week later 
> everything was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to 
> assemble the new prototype.On our first runs of the new prototype we 
> saw very high levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for 
> it remained combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% 
> oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. 
> and bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop 
> this technology into a viable product.Ann Wilson joined our new 
> company which became “Life Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was 
> brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while 
> Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation and 
> begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent 
> application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the 
> complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked 
> with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the 
> process was initiated.
>
> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
> Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla 
> Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris 
> said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested 
> in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought 
> Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.When 
> the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, 
> Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share 
> interest.I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental 
> work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have the original Corp 
> documents with shares in “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary 
> shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a 
> monthly basis.
>
> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, 
> Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When more 
> than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes into 
> play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as 
> first inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson was 
> witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened hammer 
> into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his “head” if 
> he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. All of this 
> technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was the 
> facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>
> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels 
> as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like 
> Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically 
> without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.Our 
> plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and 
> growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>
> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen to 
> be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>
> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
> that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
> colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We experimented 
> successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.We 
> also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures 
> (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated 
> the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water 
> which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth 
> of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of 
> light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
>
> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>
> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>
> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>
> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, Tony 
> Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>
> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our CO2 
> sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of nitrogen.
>
> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led 
>> to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)
>>
>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at 
>> *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to 
>> announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to 
>> develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic 
>> Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique 
>> interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a 
>> */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the development, 
>> application and commercialization, through licensing, of application 
>> specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, 
>> materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet identified 
>> operational component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>> Composite Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.
>>
>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion 
>> Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components 
>> for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a 
>> Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the 
>> Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” 
>> Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break through 
>> performance improvements.
>>
>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
>> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
>> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
>> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>>
>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>
>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>> Practically Eliminated
>>
>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
>> Energy Loading Conditions
>>
>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC 
>> System
>>
>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
>> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
>> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As 
>> the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need 
>> exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
>> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>>
>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners _to 
>> optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :
>>
>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>
>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner 
>> Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>
>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be 
>> overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>
>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
>> each application specific component (Product) development
>>
>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet 
>> Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>
>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning 
>> Support Only!
>>
>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current Production 
>> Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>
>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or 
>> other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, 
>> Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: 
>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter 
>> Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for 
>>> all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group 
>>> site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have 
>>> realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. 
>>> from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla and 
>>> even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit 
>>> of all.
>>>
>>>
>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>
>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>
>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>
>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>
>>> (214)907-0010
>>>
>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>> Systems
>>>
>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>
>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>
>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
>>> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor 
>>> vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 
>>> stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to arouse any 
>>> interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor Group in 
>>> Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal 
>>> presentation of the technology at which time the Patent process was 
>>> begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City 
>>> NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation 
>>> for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was 
>>> constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of 
>>> prototype development.I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his 
>>> interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 
>>> million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.My 
>>> prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was 
>>> machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop 
>>> the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, “proof of 
>>> concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist 
>>> him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, 
>>> IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor 
>>> unit!I have provided you in previous documentation the background 
>>> info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement 
>>> with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of 
>>> concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor 
>>> representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen 
>>> Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of 
>>> the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and 
>>> purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite 
>>> photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action 
>>> against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent 
>>> Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim 
>>> and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent 
>>> Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to 
>>> produce the required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at 
>>> the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to build out 
>>> our version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned 
>>> Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. 
>>> To that end, Jim was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR 
>>> and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed 
>>> so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim 
>>> wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” 
>>> for having the forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete 
>>> historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters 
>>> with both US Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a 
>>> complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western 
>>> Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same docs 
>>> were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This 
>>> will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our 
>>> “VES” Program!
>>>
>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>
>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>
>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>> Systems
>>>
>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>
>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the 
>>> Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
>>> written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his 
>>> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing 
>>> extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly 
>>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked 
>>> for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never 
>>> divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” internet 
>>> sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that 
>>> no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the 
>>> “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP 
>>> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded 
>>> with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack 
>>> of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the 
>>> needed stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the 
>>> Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary 
>>> Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal 
>>> efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built 
>>> a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed 
>>> with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique 
>>> new hub design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of 
>>> Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and simplified the 
>>> construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla Conference, 
>>> Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the 
>>> Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was 
>>> demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>
>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
>>> “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for 
>>> power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which 
>>> Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.I 
>>> sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress 
>>> analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
>>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly 
>>> showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would 
>>> produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate 
>>> in the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and 
>>> could be surface finished at the micron level.I laid out in “Flow 
>>> block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine 
>>> utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational 
>>> characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very 
>>> efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the charts” thermal 
>>> efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial 
>>> Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We are 
>>> able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. 
>>> thermal output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump 
>>> Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next 
>>> segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines 
>>> which all operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures 
>>> so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal energy 
>>> into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really 
>>> alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating system thermal 
>>> efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and 
>>> temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation 
>>> and practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim 
>>> and I have all the documentation of this System in our files!This is 
>>> a unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at 
>>> the Victorville Facility.
>>>
>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such 
>>> very high performance and efficiency.
>>>
>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>
>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 1980 
>>> I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very 
>>> large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat 
>>> utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets of 
>>> heating and cooling technology including the various thermal storage 
>>> systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute 
>>> highest storage density of all known Systems. Home heating systems 
>>> such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs 
>>> greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and 
>>> Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as 
>>> Inventor of such an over unity device.It was previously thought that 
>>> a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was right for I built 
>>> a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the 
>>> high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water 
>>> molecule at the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices 
>>> after which there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits 
>>> heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached 
>>> is my Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was 
>>> excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later 
>>> in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from 
>>> the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae 
>>> since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>>
>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>>> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that 
>>> also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System 
>>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block 
>>> flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging 
>>> was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has 
>>> anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by 
>>> others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the production 
>>> of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. 
>>> All of these things work like a “charm” but are not currently being 
>>> utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the state of CA had 
>>> passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and 
>>> vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping 
>>> capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into 
>>> the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible 
>>> heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex 
>>> turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an 
>>> alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or 
>>> provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of 
>>> the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by 
>>> capturing the energy being “blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated 
>>> cooling towers.There is also an environmental concern due to hot 
>>> water discharge into streams etc.All of this we can fix!You will 
>>> find all of this information in Jim’s files for as he incorporated 
>>> it into the “VES” System he would e-mail all the docs for my review 
>>> and comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same page 
>>> of music!Diffuser patent attached!
>>>
>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>
>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
>>> incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>
>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage 
>>> in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in 
>>> CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots of 
>>> information regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim 
>>> about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC 
>>> which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. 
>>> the solar fence units that are limited to sun light availability. 
>>> Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I 
>>> became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several 
>>> fantastic books about this very subject.Careful study revealed 
>>> several factors that University Researchers do not know or 
>>> understand.Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the 
>>> human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for 
>>> photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to 
>>> make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now consider, after 
>>> careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar 
>>> spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo 
>>> process.Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why 
>>> do the leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, 
>>> in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” 
>>> as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic 
>>> condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would 
>>> gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength needed 
>>> for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and reduce 
>>> power input in the light panels.Optimize everything!With the algae 
>>> species selected based on our desired output (lipid % vs. 
>>> protein).The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton 
>>> of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the LEDs from China sources 
>>> customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.Jim designed these 
>>> modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever 
>>> and practical layout of the footprint.I built several of these 
>>> laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that 
>>> would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with the 
>>> optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.Jim did all the power 
>>> calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 
>>> hour period. He was calculating the time needed for algae species 
>>> growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths, 
>>> light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine 
>>> wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae 
>>> growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when 
>>> the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a 
>>> byproduct.If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of 
>>> losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono 
>>> Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in 
>>> sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to 
>>> tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>>>
>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused 
>>> me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer 
>>> cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as 
>>> it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices 
>>> in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost 
>>> white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) 
>>> the picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed 
>>> strobe light I could “stop action” and see the fantastic number of 
>>> micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ 
>>> UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which 
>>> broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination 
>>> detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting 
>>> heat.Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation 
>>> Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was 
>>> documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition 
>>> of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I 
>>> could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was 
>>> persistent! Did not come out of solution!I did all kinds of research 
>>> with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation 
>>> (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And 
>>> doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root 
>>> structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.The 
>>> water contained super high levels of oxygen.This phenomenon is well 
>>> known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what 
>>> is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen levels 
>>> in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure 
>>> ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.After Investors and 
>>> numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser 
>>> or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be 
>>> interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they declined to 
>>> buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so 
>>> radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.I 
>>> call that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have the 
>>> technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into 
>>> our System.I am an accomplished machinist along with all other 
>>> technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very 
>>> highest levels of technology.You are kind of exposed to such things 
>>> when you have a Military Research and Development background at the 
>>> DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research 
>>> Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser 
>>> Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs“night 
>>> vision” was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight 
>>> Standardization for the Army Material Command.What fun I had and am 
>>> happy to be “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the 
>>> last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor 
>>> and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>
>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to 
>>> develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather 
>>> “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally 
>>> hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>
>

To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the 
VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is Heat?    
You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along about here.

Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of 
thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is 
needed!
After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the very 
interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion Vortex 
with a better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' vortex 
actions produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" core 
output and a "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my 
document "What is Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive 
ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since electrons have 
mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how  
negative ionized gases (extra electrons) are heavier than positive  
ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in an implosion vortex the 
heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the lighter gases 
spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge separation 
occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas flows just the 
same as found in the vortex of a well formed tornado in nature.  The 
result in nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge electrical 
discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how things really 
work!    Norm

ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
by
Rhetta Jacobson
A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
forces, which were created simultaneously
and which exist constantly in our Universe.
All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
we observe are results of the interplay of this
motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
All the studies of Science, whether it be light
refraction and reflection, heat convection,
sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
observations have confronted this motion
body.
When we attempt to understand, control,
copy and work with these phenomena we need
to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
one expression they all have in common--the
vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
a map of the movements and forces and list
some results a vortex has upon the matter within
it. First, I will consider the group of particles
rotating about a common center; but the latter
list of results will consider a single particle of the
medium rotating about its own axis and the central
axis of a vortex motion.
Scientists have observed different types of
vortexes and given them separate names.
There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
are the same, closed and perpendicular in
every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
again separated and typed according to the
shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
has a large diameter compared to its height.
A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
to its height.
Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
a given point in space. Here we should note
that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
a parabolic rotational movement and call it
a vortex.
They say every rotating body is a vortex.
Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
about an axis at its center, the velocity
increases linearly with the distance from the
center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
to the distance from the stir rod. They
call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
motion can be observed correctly.
A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
vortex is a background energy movement
which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
The matter does not create the vortex, the
matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
it. The observation that velocity increases with
distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
force which they are applying to a solid
body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
energy movement. They would do more good
considering what effect that centrifugal force
has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
example of a dandelion seed where this construction
and rotation slows its descent. In a
fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
action is observed; turbulence is caused by
action from the center outward.
The standard definition of a vortex is very
vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
few characteristics of this motion body and
another written definition will include other characteristics.
Generally, we find some common
included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
anything caught in the motion is drawn.
Definitions are usually always accompanied
with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
of which very little is known.
I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
aging and death segments of its time duration.
It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
about a common center to a conical shape
and back to planar rings again as one force
gains preponderance, then the other force, and
takes the process from stillness to maximum
motion and then back to stillness.
Most observations of the vortex pattern are
incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
cone. This represents one phase of an overall
appearance in a medium. It does not show the
motion interaction occurring inside the motion
body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
to the description of a wave.
FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
as an opposing movement attempting to
restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
in a radiative spiral outward from a common
center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
spiral toward a common center. Its
movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
travel are always curved and spiral because of
the others’ resistance, continuously.
Resistance to movement from inertia causes
curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
Polarity is established as soon as there
is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
there is a division and with division there is
polarity.
Another mind picture: Picture the point being
acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
the center point. The ring waves extend to a
maximum distance until the resistance
becomes predominant and pushes them back
toward the center.
Each rotating ring meets resistance which
compresses its dissipation and attempts to
restore an evacuated space. These rings are
observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
beginning of vortex motion.
The opposing forces acting upon each other
set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
may be restored out of the motion. Local
eddies always occur where two movements
come against each other, for example, whenever
two streams come against each other, or
where a moving flow meets a stationary object
such as water on a rock.
If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
to begin a curvature back to a central
point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
as our technology does. Nature was wise
enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
back to the source, the center, to insure that the
instability and tensions that were created could
be forever repeated so work could be performed.
The concentric rings rotating about the
sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
between each one in series. The first
ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
of deflection to throw back to the center, when
the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
This causes more numbers of tiny local
boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
against inertia.
The second ring has less centrifugal force or
outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
however, they can be larger in diameter
and rotate faster because the ring is already
of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
to aid the centripetal throw back.
If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
to come from the center source (as from
a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
eventually the surrounding rings close to the
central point are pushed further apart, weakening
the centripetal ability. Every force has a
binding field, even in an open system. Even a
non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
movement meets a boundary wall and curves
against its direction and begins to loop back
upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
according to their curvature, focal length,
etc., come into plan and influence whatever
passes through them. The undulations and
small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
off either toward the centrifugal direction or
toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
not throw off much on their periphery, but they
orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
help the centripetal force hold the momentum
there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
(as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
because they throw off more along their periphery.
When the inward compression (centripetal)
force is predominant the amplitude of each
shock wave increases and moves the whole
series of waves toward the center, compacting
the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
again, up and down. This movement
meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
axis.
COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
We now have a picture of a vortex formation
from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
directions of motion interacting within, setting
up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
boundary walls and naturally establishing
a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
which represents the pulsation battle occurring
between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
own resistance and has its equal and opposite
potential motion body to unite, propagate and
return to stillness.
Very briefly, let us go through the aging
process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
then as the outward, resistance force
takes preponderance the vortex widens and
flattens, as in the drawings.
Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
closer together and then is pushed further
apart.
Each concentric spiral is centered around a
vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
on a plane.
The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
shape again.
The contest between the two forces develops
pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
different pressures, different densities, and
potentials, and holds them in concentrated
form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
which act as lenses affecting the passage from
one layer to the next in series as described.
Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
space? We always must! We have three axes
to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
is where rotation occurs around the center,
where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
centrifugal force can express in preponderance
to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
through dissipation, separation and explosion.
Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
one plane of stillness.
The second axis is the vertical one which is
the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
is lengthened when the centripetal force
expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
solid matter back to an energy transformation
through implosion.
In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
from one end of its swing to the other end.
Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
stages between the perfect axis alignment.
Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
force, thus the wobble of the vertical
axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
no motion and no work expressed in the
Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
ARE because of the battle between the two
forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
process from stillness to maximum motion and
back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
to cause work or motion.
Motion bodies and matter have different
characteristics and manifestations according to
which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
which axis) is predominant.
The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
crystallized along the way. However, all matter
is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
Vortexes and matter are very different as their
vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
rather than when they are oblated in the plane
of the centrifugal force.
Another component readily observable in
vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
can be anything from a mere depression which
does not extend the full depth of the vortex
movement, to a very fine line which centers the
motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
is hard to measure because it is constantly
wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
and contracting. However, a black hole centers
every vortex movement.
Among the varied phenomena observed
connected to the hole are disorientation of
polarized instruments such as compasses, the
inability of electrical equipment to operate as
reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
been experienced close to the vortex hole
which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
water and even burning particles have been
observed shooting out of the center hole. The
hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
which causes water to “evaporate” at
room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
A phenomena attributed to the center
eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
of matter like a pole or stick found
inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
deposit it there, just like it grew there.
Each of these phenomena I will take up in
future articles. Each has an explanation and
each can be copied for very useful purposes
when the Engineering of machines are based
upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
straight course because of resistance. We
know there are different density layers separated
by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
along the edges. We know there is rotation in
every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
for every layer and particle, just like our
planetary system.
In our planetary system the planets close to
the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
centripetally influenced. They are colder,
their layers are packed more densely, their
shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
according to its attributes of density, temperature,
volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
or valence, etc.
So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
physical quantities like mass of varying
densities, momentum and energy through
them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
boundary layer eddies which occur along the
skin of each layer and act as lenses.
Depending upon the nature of predominance of
centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
, the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
into the next layer or thrown outward to the
adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
process goes on just as a selection process for
the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
The small eddies which occur by shear
forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
and mix the edges. According to their distance
from the center of a vortex their motion is more
centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
on the outer layers. Each type of motion
influences the character of atoms, molecules
and particles by influencing such things as density,
volume, tempertaure and many other
dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
lowered and the density increased by
packing the layers closer together. This prepares
the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
is increased, its temperature is raised and
its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
more suitable for the outside adjacent.
The laminar layers of a vortex have different
temperatures, densities, specific weights and
speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
temperature and volume and show an example
of how these factors, when changed can influence
flow between the layers in a vortex of
water.
Water flowing in a natural underground channel
will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
depending on the geological lay of the earth
may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
degrees.
The water that has adapted to this layer (4
degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
water is less dense, because it has a higher
temperature and an expanded volume.
This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
by layers of different densities. These less
dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
longitudinal flow.
The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
while pressure from the upper water layer and
the water layer from below persists. No single
water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
with vortexian action in the minute boundary
layer zone to become one with it. In this way
more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
then runs off. In this way it is possible that
water can exit as a spring close to the top of
high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
the earth’s surface always show temperatures
close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
may assume that the movement of the spring
water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
degrees C has reached its maximum density
and can not be more compressed. It would,
under additional pressure rather give way to the
surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
increases according to the pressure.
Enormous masses of water are pushed or
pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
from far below by the temperature differences
of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
to make water move.
Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
flow.
It may be asked at this point why the outside
layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
perform the same function of shooting the
inside layers forward with momentum.
Remember, every particle of water is bound to
move with a certain speed, depending on its
specific weight, and its specific weight is either
decreased by warmer temperatures, or
increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
running water in a conventional pipe
increases its friction and decreases the specific
weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
atom, making it more difficult for an increased
volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
changing tiny eddies between layers; which
can alter the physical characteristics of the
atoms themselves and prepare them for the
next inside layer. Here is another instance
where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
its advantage.
VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
controls and disperses energy and
mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
is literally twisted together just as strands of a
rope are twisted together to form strength and
solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
which controls creation, appearance and decreation
and disappearance. In the field of
Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
neutrons can become protons and protons
become neutrons millions of times a second. It
is recognized that mass can be changed
between two opposites. A proton is positive at
one instant and is negative at the next instant
and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
and conditions are recognized and known to
fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
force is dominant so they are defined by
their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
elements can be totally different in their characteristics
such as the example of carbon, which
can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
and soft like graphite in other conditions.
What is not known is that the changing of those
conditions is directly controlled by the action of
the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
whatever is impressed upon the field of the
mass within.
When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
charge, reduces its temperature, changes
its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
reduces its ionization, and several
other attributes of its character, which are all
results of the type of motion in its field.
If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
which is within it is influenced by separating,
expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
is increased, its temperature is increased, it
becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
opposite.
When a vortex motion body is subjected to
an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
rod, each ring layer along with the local
eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
force and will lose some of their centripetal
force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
and breaking apart which occurs along
the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
of Nature, for instance water and air.
The above dissolution and expansion can be
reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
choice of creation or de-creation can be
demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
central rod) a square is made with powder. The
shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
until it is completely pulled apart and no
longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
as if a movie were reversed.
The control of matter, form and energy can
be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
of the vortex and how to engineer with
it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
determines which force is predominant. We
know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
influence, friction, etc. We know that a
fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
though characteristics of greater vorticity or
velocity being at the center is copied here, the
shock waves and rings are radiating along the
horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
but instead decrease, the vortex will never
create a center hole where vacuum suction can
occur. So the question becomes how can we
Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
force predominant?
*****

What is Heat #3

For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of

heating and cooling associated with the phase change of

liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of

electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this

interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted

from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My

line of thinking really took off back when I experimented

with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in

electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most

people do not understand how these devices move thermal

energy through a current flow across a semiconductor

junction.Historically we find that German physicist,

Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was

applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that

electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier

discovered that when a direct current was applied to two

Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not

Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of

Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of

Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then

Melted when the polarity of the direct current was

Reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100

Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor

Materials which could provide the wide temperature

Differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became

Available which revived the electric cooling principles.In

The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling

Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a

Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced

Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore

Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical

Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high

Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first

Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years

ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a

small temperature differential across the device a weak

current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing

the differential provided a proportional increase in current

and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the

wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on

the Keely Net BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of

how electron flow could move thermal energy across the

junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving

thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly

reversible situation based on polarity.

Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in

refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase

change material such as water and refrigerants.We have

always been led to believe that evaporating water provided

cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same

mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the

condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would

you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change

provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840

Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on

escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one

of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.

Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with

the electrical output resulting from the steam friction

passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)

Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the

phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and

not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or

gain electrons in the process which accounts for the

discrepancy in the energy equation when a material

transitions between phases.More energy is present after

the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The

text book stated that this phenomenon could not be

explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by

Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a

Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change

of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is

totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions

were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an

electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental

question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool

that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence

of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at

a very simple example of heating which may explain this

process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is

heated because electrons in the material are converted to

photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light

leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The

more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.Now

the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water

from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a

net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the

ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame

(ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons

which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic

structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.

Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current

across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy

(ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or

absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to

how the process works.All phase change processes work the

same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical

processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is

an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level

based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.

At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago

we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in

which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the

cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on

negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly

cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a

very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion

generator operates at very high voltages with very little

current involved.It is possible to develop this ion

transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical

output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember

that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal

differential will cause a development of current and voltage

as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will

provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.

Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line

of experimentation.Norm

On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>
> 	
>
> ( 1of1)
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> United States Patent
>
> 	
>
> 6,386,751
>
> Wootan ,   et al.
>
> 	
>
> May 14, 2002
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Diffuser/emulsifier
>
> Abstract
>
> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
> relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
> openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
> openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
> resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
> and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and 
> stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
> frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between 
> the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective 
> in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Inventors:
>
> 	
>
> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>
> Assignee:
>
> 	
>
> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>
> Appl. No.:
>
> 	
>
> 08/957,530
>
> Filed:
>
> 	
>
> October 24, 1997
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Current U.S. Class:
>
> 	
>
> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>
> Current International Class:
>
> 	
>
> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>
> Field of Search:
>
> 	
>
> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> References Cited _[Referenced By] 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> U.S. Patent Documents
>
>
> 	
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> 	
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>
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> _1650561 
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>
> 	
> 	
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> November 1927
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> Deniston
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> _3333771 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3333771>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> August 1967
>
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> Graham
>
>
> 	
>
> _3791349 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>_
>
> 	
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> February 1974
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> Schaefer
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>
> 	
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> _4004553 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4004553>_
>
> 	
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>
> January 1977
>
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> Stenson
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>
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> _4128342 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4128342>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> December 1978
>
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> Renk
>
>
> 	
>
> _4136971 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4136971>_
>
> 	
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>
> January 1979
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> Varlamov et al.
>
>
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>
> _4143639 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> March 1979
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Frenette
>
>
> 	
>
> _4361414 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4361414>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> November 1982
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Nemes et al.
>
>
> 	
>
> _4424797 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> January 1984
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Perkins
>
>
> 	
>
> _4778336 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4778336>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> October 1988
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Husain
>
>
> 	
>
> _5188090 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5188090>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> February 1993
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Griggs
>
>
> 	
>
> _5263774 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5263774>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> November 1993
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Delcourt
>
>
> 	
>
> _5419306 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> May 1995
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Huffman
>
>
> 	
>
> _5590961 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> January 1997
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Rasmussen
>
>
> 	
>
> _5782556 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> July 1998
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Chu
>
>
> 	
>
> _5810052 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> September 1998
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Kozyuk
>
>
> 	
> 	
> 	
> 	
> 	
>
> Other References
>
>
> Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved 
> on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
> <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
> Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
> site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>
>
> /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
> /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
> /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, 
> L.L.P.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /Claims/
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> What is claimed is:
>
> 1. A diffuser comprising:
>
> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>
> a second member having a first side positioned relative to said 
> surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through 
> which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel 
> flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet 
> through a second side of said second member is introduced, said 
> diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is 
> provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation 
> thereof; and
>
> means for moving said first material through said channel relative to 
> said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material 
> within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first 
> material.
>
> 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a 
> surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>
> 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
> disturbances comprise impressions.
>
> 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.
>
> 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.
>
> 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise 
> protrusions.
>
> 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>
> 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.
>
> 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member 
> and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass 
> said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first 
> material.
>
> 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
> first member and said second member for passing two different 
> materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.
>
> 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing 
> said first and second materials through said channel.
>
> 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving 
> said first and second materials through said channel.
>
> 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
> cylindrical shape.
>
> 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.
>
> 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical 
> shape.
>
> 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical 
> shape.
>
> 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
> hemispherical shape.
>
> 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
> against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more 
> discrete frequencies.
>
> 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
> comprising the steps of:
>
> inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed 
> between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a 
> substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet 
> to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;
>
> inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
> member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and
>
> moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
> cause said first and second materials to be compressed and 
> decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within 
> said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.
>
> 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second 
> members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>
> 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.
>
> 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.
>
> 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances 
> positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material 
> at a known frequency.
>
> 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned 
> in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first 
> material at respective discrete frequencies.
>
> 25. A diffuser comprising:
>
> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>
> a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
> disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a 
> channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective 
> member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;
>
> a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said 
> channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous 
> flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout 
> operation thereof;
>
> a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
> surface of said second member such that said second material is input 
> through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first 
> material; and
>
> a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
> other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
> material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into 
> said first material.
>
> 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and 
> said second material is a gas.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /Description/
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>
> Not Applicable
>
> STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>
> Not Applicable
>
> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>
> 1. Technical Field
>
> This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, 
> to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid 
> into a material.
>
> 2. Description of the Related Art
>
> In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
> material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a 
> subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one 
> liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not 
> mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the 
> diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities 
> aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to 
> stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of 
> biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the 
> amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to 
> sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic 
> matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as 
> iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>
> There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine 
> aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller 
> which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be 
> sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system 
> produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects 
> the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device 
> have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 
> ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring 
> levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is 
> considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX 
> device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased 
> oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% 
> dissolved oxygen levels.
>
> Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
> oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
> wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would 
> be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation 
> would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment 
> facilities.
>
> Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
> diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.
>
> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>
> In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a 
> surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
> positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
> through which a first material and a second material may flow. The 
> first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to 
> create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second 
> material into the first material.
>
> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
> the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
> can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
> consistent diffusion.
>
> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>
> For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
> advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following 
> descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in 
> which:
>
> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block 
> diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>
> FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
> diffuser;
>
> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
> diffuser;
>
> FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>
> FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly 
> in a second embodiment of the invention;
>
> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment 
> of the invention;
>
> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the 
> invention;
>
> FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating 
> the diffusion; and
>
> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the 
> invention.
>
> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>
> The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of 
> the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the 
> various drawings.
>
> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
> cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
> diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
> (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid 
> material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a 
> normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be 
> in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.
>
> A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. 
> Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first 
> infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 
> 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a 
> desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed 
> therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred 
> embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger 
> borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various 
> shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in 
> FIG. 1) or curved.
>
> A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the 
> rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The 
> stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A 
> housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second 
> infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 
> 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. 
> Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. 
> An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 
> 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by 
> motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.
>
> In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through 
> inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material 
> on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass 
> through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion 
> materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The 
> infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the 
> host material from passing through openings 22.
>
> The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for 
> the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different 
> infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. 
> Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into 
> both inlets.
>
> In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels 
> of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests 
> using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material 
> have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with 
> the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.
>
> The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is 
> believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in 
> connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth 
> surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary 
> layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface 
> tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The 
> openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause 
> compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure during 
> the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will 
> form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow 
> pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure 
> draws the host material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 
> 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures 
> result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock 
> wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The energy associated 
> with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the 
> host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular 
> level.
>
> The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings 
> that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the 
> device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic 
> frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that 
> operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides 
> the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the 
> fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion 
> materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency 
> at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of 
> diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion material 
> in the host material.
>
> In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
> desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case 
> of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
> succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
> (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can 
> be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures 
> at a high efficiency.
>
> Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. 
> In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical 
> reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a 
> piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem associated 
> with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound waves do not 
> provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; rather, the 
> desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. The present 
> invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced throughout a 
> material using a simple mechanical device.
>
> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 
> and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
> rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
> (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
> disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a 
> different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In 
> similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of 
> openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To 
> ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays 
> will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a 
> given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the 
> number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. 
> Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced 
> around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings 
> spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>
> As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array 
> will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing 
> different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will 
> result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of 
> frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown 
> impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.
>
> FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
> stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form 
> the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 
> uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can 
> be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each 
> borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 
> is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed 
> in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other 
> methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.
>
> FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 
> 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in 
> these figures.
>
> FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment 
> where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates 
> a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above 
> and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a 
> plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, 
> which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As 
> before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or 
> less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent 
> simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 
> 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves 
> as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first 
> infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the 
> housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material 
> flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is 
> subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing 
> a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. 
> The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>
> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
> plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 
> 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different 
> frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed 
> on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be 
> formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.
>
> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
> where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 
> 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the 
> motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of the 
> rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical 
> shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at 
> the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one 
> opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent 
> simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow 
> shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor 
> for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the 
> stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As 
> the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is 
> subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing 
> a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. 
> The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>
> In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 
> 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple 
> frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of 
> shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to 
> realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>
> The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. 
> Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width 
> of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be 
> dependent upon the application of the device.
>
> As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In 
> this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second 
> infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or 
> other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. 
> It has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to 
> approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations 
> expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests 
> which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water 
> at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved 
> oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved 
> oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained 
> above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% 
> dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved 
> oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 
> kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the 
> orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on 
> the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could 
> significantly increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>
> Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other 
> toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials 
> and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, 
> the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host 
> material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as 
> described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of 
> openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an 
> destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the 
> complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the 
> treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous 
> substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was 
> known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of 
> frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could 
> be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and 
> highly structured substance.
>
> For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and 
> second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.
>
> While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in 
> connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater 
> remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as 
> drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>
> The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion 
> of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of 
> the host material. Examples of such applications would include the 
> homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other 
> applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and 
> gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.
>
> FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
> stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the 
> frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
> rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one 
> of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material 
> through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion 
> material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has 
> its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The 
> cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the 
> accompanying orifices 24.
>
> In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is 
> passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the 
> borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous 
> embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the 
> borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along 
> the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and 
> rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the 
> micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion produced 
> by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are 
> produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and 
> contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the 
> frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
> produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of 
> the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the 
> channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host 
> material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant 
> shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.
>
> FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host 
> material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of 
> channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) 
> is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and 
> the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between 
> the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the 
> compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation 
> in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.
>
> Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
> performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in 
> the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface 
> disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along 
> the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as 
> bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in 
> conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes 
> could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could 
> be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation 
> and shock waves.
>
> As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
> generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
> rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
> disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather 
> than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the 
> cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed 
> on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, 
> as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of 
> the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to create the 
> cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be 
> more efficient if both surfaces are used.
>
> FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
> cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained 
> infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and 
> stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed 
> between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or 
> both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The 
> host material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump 
> or other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion 
> materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by 
> mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the 
> channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 
> causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.
>
> As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, 
> through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host 
> material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would 
> cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows 
> over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would 
> depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host 
> material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the 
> host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.
>
> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 
> 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host 
> material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream 
> from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other 
> device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger 
> shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more 
> surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 
> 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high 
> degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller 
> blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create 
> the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes 
> described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw 
> the materials through the conduit.
>
> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
> the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
> can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
> consistent diffusion.
>
> Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed 
> to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
> embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to 
> those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications 
> or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
>> take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) 
>> after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
>> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>
>> “Sonodiffuser”
>>
>> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>
>> 9/24/2012
>>
>> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth 
>> behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
>> “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
>> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
>> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
>> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
>> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent 
>> shown below, the Inventor!
>>
>> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>
>>
>>
>> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>
>>
>> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>
>>
>> 	
>>
>> ( 1of1)
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> United States Patent
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 6,386,751
>>
>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>
>> 	
>>
>> May 14, 2002
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>
>> Abstract
>>
>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Inventors:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>
>> Assignee:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>
>> Appl. No.:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 08/957,530
>>
>> Filed:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> October 24, 1997
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Current U.S. Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>
>> Current International Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>
>> Field of Search:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development 
>> for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and 
>> exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in 
>> the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of 
>> maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It 
>> was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the 
>> domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
>> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
>> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
>> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
>> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
>> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
>> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
>> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
>> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a 
>> “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.My 
>> next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former 
>> employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as 
>> the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from 
>> several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers 
>> and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more 
>> energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy in kWh electrical. 
>> A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the 
>> similarities between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out 
>> at the Patent Office due to “prior art”.
>>
>> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
>> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly 
>> violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype (still have 
>> it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the 
>> rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type 
>> of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass 
>> cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed 
>> the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on 
>> puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a 
>> high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the rotor which was turning 
>> at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro 
>> tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the 
>> rotor and the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the 
>> vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream 
>> cones together at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects 
>> are now caused by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat 
>> propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive to metals 
>> if allowed to persist.A micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” 
>> with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is 
>> proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is 
>> split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process 
>> occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue 
>> light spectrum.The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the 
>> cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire 
>> device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by 
>> NASA investigation.
>>
>> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
>> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
>> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was 
>> to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen 
>> into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor 
>> and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex 
>> generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher 
>> level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
>>
>> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including 
>> Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the 
>> oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was 
>> immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before 
>> Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about 
>> “sonochemistry”. He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and 
>> wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of 
>> promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new 
>> rotary device, larger but with same design features.I designed all 
>> the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate 
>> neighborhood.About a week later everything was finished at a cost of 
>> $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.On our first 
>> runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen 
>> which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for 
>> days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood 
>> wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to 
>> provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable 
>> product.Ann Wilson joined our new company which became “Life 
>> Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was brought on board from Austin 
>> who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a 
>> lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical 
>> description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had 
>> completed all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation 
>> as to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments 
>> needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
>>
>> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
>> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
>> Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla 
>> Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris 
>> said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested 
>> in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought 
>> Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.When 
>> the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, 
>> Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share 
>> interest.I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental 
>> work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have the original Corp 
>> documents with shares in “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary 
>> shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a 
>> monthly basis.
>>
>> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
>> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
>> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
>> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, 
>> Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When 
>> more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes 
>> into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was 
>> shown as first inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson 
>> was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened 
>> hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his 
>> “head” if he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. 
>> All of this technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was 
>> the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>>
>> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels 
>> as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like 
>> Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically 
>> without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.Our 
>> plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and 
>> growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>>
>> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen 
>> to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
>> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
>> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>>
>> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
>> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
>> that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
>> colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We experimented 
>> successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.We 
>> also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures 
>> (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated 
>> the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water 
>> which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth 
>> of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence 
>> of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
>>
>> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>
>> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>
>> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>
>> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, Tony 
>> Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>>
>> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
>> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our 
>> CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of 
>> nitrogen.
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor 
>>> led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. 
>>> (SIUC)
>>>
>>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at 
>>> *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to 
>>> announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration 
>>> to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON 
>>> Hypersonic Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of 
>>> this unique interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered 
>>> into a */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the 
>>> development, application and commercialization, through licensing, 
>>> of application specific, architectural combinations of design, 
>>> construction, materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet 
>>> identified operational component needs using proprietary 
>>> CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology, know-how and 
>>> intellectual property.
>>>
>>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low 
>>> Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite 
>>> Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the 
>>> development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production 
>>> and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon 
>>> (HMCC)” Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break 
>>> through performance improvements.
>>>
>>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
>>> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
>>> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
>>> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>>>
>>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>
>>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>>> Practically Eliminated
>>>
>>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
>>> Energy Loading Conditions
>>>
>>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC 
>>> System
>>>
>>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>>> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
>>> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
>>> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As 
>>> the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need 
>>> exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
>>> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>>>
>>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners 
>>> _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified 
>>> by :
>>>
>>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>>
>>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet 
>>> Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>>
>>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be 
>>> overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>
>>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
>>> each application specific component (Product) development
>>>
>>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to 
>>> Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>
>>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and 
>>> Cleaning Support Only!
>>>
>>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current 
>>> Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>
>>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, 
>>> or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, 
>>> Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: 
>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter 
>>> Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>
>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame 
>>>> for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group 
>>>> site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have 
>>>> realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. 
>>>> from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla 
>>>> and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the 
>>>> benefit of all.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>
>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>
>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>
>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>
>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>>> Systems
>>>>
>>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>>
>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>>
>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
>>>> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of 
>>>> reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first 
>>>> prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to 
>>>> arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor 
>>>> Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a 
>>>> formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent 
>>>> process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to 
>>>> Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and 
>>>> Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research 
>>>> lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the 
>>>> purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly contact with Jim 
>>>> due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded 
>>>> ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her 
>>>> Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. 
>>>> While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 
>>>> aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second 
>>>> working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim 
>>>> asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion 
>>>> Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed 
>>>> densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided you in previous 
>>>> documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which 
>>>> we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 
>>>> 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 
>>>> Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned 
>>>> that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has 
>>>> misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to 
>>>> the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of 
>>>> which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the 
>>>> slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took 
>>>> possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and 
>>>> U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the 
>>>> IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my 
>>>> basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required 
>>>> densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal 
>>>> environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the 
>>>> “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab 
>>>> Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim 
>>>> was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the 
>>>> Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have 
>>>> the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with 
>>>> our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the 
>>>> forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of 
>>>> the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US 
>>>> Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set 
>>>> of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at 
>>>> Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same docs were 
>>>> provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will 
>>>> give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” 
>>>> Program!
>>>>
>>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>
>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>>> Systems
>>>>
>>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>>
>>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in 
>>>> the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
>>>> written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his 
>>>> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing 
>>>> extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly 
>>>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked 
>>>> for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never 
>>>> divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” internet 
>>>> sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that 
>>>> no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the 
>>>> “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP 
>>>> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded 
>>>> with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack 
>>>> of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the 
>>>> needed stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the 
>>>> Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary 
>>>> Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal 
>>>> thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR 
>>>> unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the 
>>>> technology.I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure 
>>>> of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the 
>>>> labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational 
>>>> efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.At the 
>>>> International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated 
>>>> this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum 
>>>> and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>
>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
>>>> “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR 
>>>> for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to 
>>>> which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this 
>>>> before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with 
>>>> stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
>>>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim 
>>>> quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that 
>>>> he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully 
>>>> operate in the required environment and would be impervious to 
>>>> erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.I laid 
>>>> out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer 
>>>> Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the 
>>>> operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low 
>>>> temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the charts” 
>>>> thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) 
>>>> Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the 
>>>> System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 
>>>> Energy in vs. thermal output.This is totally achievable in the 
>>>> modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be 
>>>> address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the 
>>>> current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and 
>>>> very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or 
>>>> conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the 
>>>> generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of 
>>>> calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at 
>>>> relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying 
>>>> design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most 
>>>> maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation 
>>>> of this System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be 
>>>> prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>>>
>>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has 
>>>> such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>
>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>
>>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 
>>>> 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a 
>>>> very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic 
>>>> heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets 
>>>> of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal 
>>>> storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the 
>>>> absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. Home heating 
>>>> systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to 
>>>> produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by 
>>>> NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent 
>>>> Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.It was previously 
>>>> thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was 
>>>> right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the 
>>>> secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which 
>>>> disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the 
>>>> billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination 
>>>> (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length 
>>>> light photon emission.Attached is my Patent of this technology 
>>>> known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was excited to learn of this 
>>>> device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor 
>>>> system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for 
>>>> algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae since we have to 
>>>> maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>>>
>>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>>>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>>>> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that 
>>>> also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System 
>>>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>>>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same 
>>>> block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat 
>>>> scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no 
>>>> one has anything like this for its principles of operation are 
>>>> unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the 
>>>> production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the 
>>>> process. All of these things work like a “charm” but are not 
>>>> currently being utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the 
>>>> state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling 
>>>> tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the 
>>>> advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure 
>>>> water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat 
>>>> of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and 
>>>> drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a 
>>>> prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production 
>>>> of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. 
>>>> The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased 
>>>> by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown off” to 
>>>> the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also an 
>>>> environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams 
>>>> etc.All of this we can fix!You will find all of this information in 
>>>> Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he 
>>>> would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. 
>>>> Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of music!Diffuser patent 
>>>> attached!
>>>>
>>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>
>>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
>>>> incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>>
>>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage 
>>>> in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in 
>>>> CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots 
>>>> of information regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim 
>>>> about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC 
>>>> which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day 
>>>> vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light 
>>>> availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio 
>>>> growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who 
>>>> wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.Careful study 
>>>> revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or 
>>>> understand.Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the 
>>>> human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for 
>>>> photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon 
>>>> to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now consider, 
>>>> after careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in 
>>>> the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the 
>>>> photo process.Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” 
>>>> wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae 
>>>> species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red 
>>>> bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when the water is depleted of 
>>>> oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told 
>>>> Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light 
>>>> wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize 
>>>> growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
>>>> everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired 
>>>> output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more 
>>>> biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the 
>>>> LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel 
>>>> arrays.Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container 
>>>> like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the 
>>>> footprint.I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels 
>>>> and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid 
>>>> media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and 
>>>> fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates 
>>>> to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
>>>> calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in 
>>>> density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and 
>>>> nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered what 
>>>> Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae growth cycle 
>>>> there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is 
>>>> broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed 
>>>> to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic 
>>>> state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim 
>>>> just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using 
>>>> nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono 
>>>> Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>
>>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values 
>>>> caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the 
>>>> outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the 
>>>> fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the 
>>>> microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light 
>>>> the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser 
>>>> light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated 
>>>> with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see 
>>>> the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness 
>>>> the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite 
>>>> overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond 
>>>> momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue 
>>>> light photon and resulting heat.Thus I found the secret behind the 
>>>> COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the 
>>>> Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them 
>>>> think that the definition of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several 
>>>> Diffusers and found that I could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 
>>>> 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!I 
>>>> did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include 
>>>> ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, 
>>>> accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have 
>>>> to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for 
>>>> oxygen absorption.The water contained super high levels of 
>>>> oxygen.This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water 
>>>> falls where fish will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” 
>>>> disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 
>>>> 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in 
>>>> the fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations 
>>>> etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold 
>>>> my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better 
>>>> “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super 
>>>> Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not infringe 
>>>> on the original Patent.I call that “thinking outside of the box” 
>>>> LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to 
>>>> incorporating it into our System.I am an accomplished machinist 
>>>> along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full 
>>>> life in the very highest levels of technology.You are kind of 
>>>> exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and 
>>>> Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced 
>>>> with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), 
>>>> Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking 
>>>> Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing and 
>>>> helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army 
>>>> Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When 
>>>> I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an 
>>>> Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down 
>>>> in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>>
>>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to 
>>>> develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather 
>>>> “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally 
>>>> hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>>
>

Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from 2004.  I 
would have to go back and find the party that posted it to the EVGRAY site.

hi

i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan

last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with

Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic

too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for

aspiring rotoheads...

Norman writes:

Hi! Ken:Thanks for the thought provocative message.I have 4 two

channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem

accurately measuring AC input to the motor.I just cannot find my

current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage

relationship..I agree with your assessment aboutwho cares about

the

power factor anyway .If my power factor was anything other than

unity

then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very

stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be

seen.The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that

when

the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor

terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the

scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are

identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed

on one another. ?????I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on

single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase

angle so the motor would run.This is really interesting.First,

this

set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor

at

ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and

L3

has the tuning cap value between it and L3.The one thing that

really

bugsme is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and

does not get warm when you load it.I believe I mentioned that I

have a

32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some

experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.

I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter

test.I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and

not serious researchers who really question something soglaring .

Thanks a million for your sincere interest.Norm

Carrigan, Kenwrote:

Norm, et al,

I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent

experimental overunity readings.I find nothing wrong or that

could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that

your really getting something for nothing.Sure wish you had

an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.

As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if

it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most

important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?Tracing back

from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is

coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.This because

the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less

then 100%.So the answer is really in the capacitive input

to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice

480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive

portion out - leaving pure resistance.I am shocked that it

runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.

Any further readings your getting?I'd sure like to see

your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum

analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC

and find out exactly what the power in and out would be

taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex

wave patterns.

v/r

Ken Carrigan

-----Original Message-----

From: Norman Wootan [_mailto:[email protected]_]

Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM

To: Keelynet

Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter

Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with

ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters

with interesting results.Go to:

_http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm_

I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following

results.This is a very easy experiment for all to try.

I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.

Quote:

Well said Hector::Here is the verification that you have

been waiting for.Per our off line dialog here is the set

up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have

seen.

Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation

on 480V.

Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V

line input required 20mfd

370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66

amps @ 120VAC input.

Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI

disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.(generator

unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a

resulting

current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.

Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent

lamp load.

Now things get more interesting.Since I have two

independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line

input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being

loaded with pure resistive load.Well here are the

numbers:Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which

required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting

current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.The independent

generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.

The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side

of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.I need

to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at

the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with

the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC

input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.What I find most

interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3

phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor

gets colder.The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot

after about 30 minutes of running time.Go figure it out.

I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving

magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via

capacitors.This experiment is so easy to do everyone

should seriously look at this phenomenon.My next step is

to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the

circuitto provide more loading.

By the way,all measurements were made with four each Fluke

87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and

DC measurements.Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be

determined.

Norm


On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the 
> VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is 
> Heat?    You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along 
> about here.
>
> Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of 
> thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is 
> needed!
> After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the 
> very interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion 
> Vortex with a better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' 
> vortex actions produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" 
> core output and a "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my 
> document "What is Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive 
> ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since electrons have 
> mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how 
> negative ionized gases (extra electrons) are heavier than positive  
> ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in an implosion vortex 
> the heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the lighter gases 
> spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge 
> separation occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas flows 
> just the same as found in the vortex of a well formed tornado in 
> nature.  The result in nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge 
> electrical discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how 
> things really work!    Norm
>
> ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
> by
> Rhetta Jacobson
> A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
> energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
> movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
> forces, which were created simultaneously
> and which exist constantly in our Universe.
> All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
> we observe are results of the interplay of this
> motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
> or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
> of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
> All the studies of Science, whether it be light
> refraction and reflection, heat convection,
> sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
> chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
> observations have confronted this motion
> body.
> When we attempt to understand, control,
> copy and work with these phenomena we need
> to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
> one expression they all have in common--the
> vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
> In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
> a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
> a map of the movements and forces and list
> some results a vortex has upon the matter within
> it. First, I will consider the group of particles
> rotating about a common center; but the latter
> list of results will consider a single particle of the
> medium rotating about its own axis and the central
> axis of a vortex motion.
> Scientists have observed different types of
> vortexes and given them separate names.
> There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
> vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
> are the same, closed and perpendicular in
> every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
> there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
> perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
> again separated and typed according to the
> shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
> length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
> has a large diameter compared to its height.
> A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
> to its height.
> Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
> by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
> giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
> a given point in space. Here we should note
> that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
> vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
> flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
> a parabolic rotational movement and call it
> a vortex.
> They say every rotating body is a vortex.
> Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
> With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
> about an axis at its center, the velocity
> increases linearly with the distance from the
> center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
> a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
> to the distance from the stir rod. They
> call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
> have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
> very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
> motion can be observed correctly.
> A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
> vortex is a background energy movement
> which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
> The matter does not create the vortex, the
> matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
> about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
> has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
> it. The observation that velocity increases with
> distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
> force which they are applying to a solid
> body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
> velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
> energy movement. They would do more good
> considering what effect that centrifugal force
> has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
> is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
> which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
> sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
> rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
> example of a dandelion seed where this construction
> and rotation slows its descent. In a
> fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
> action is observed; turbulence is caused by
> action from the center outward.
> The standard definition of a vortex is very
> vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
> few characteristics of this motion body and
> another written definition will include other characteristics.
> Generally, we find some common
> included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
> endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
> axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
> anything caught in the motion is drawn.
> Definitions are usually always accompanied
> with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
> of which very little is known.
> I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
> primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
> resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
> cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
> aging and death segments of its time duration.
> It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
> shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
> about a common center to a conical shape
> and back to planar rings again as one force
> gains preponderance, then the other force, and
> takes the process from stillness to maximum
> motion and then back to stillness.
> Most observations of the vortex pattern are
> incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
> cone. This represents one phase of an overall
> appearance in a medium. It does not show the
> motion interaction occurring inside the motion
> body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
> body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
> of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
> to the description of a wave.
> FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
> To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
> of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
> stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
> all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
> as an opposing movement attempting to
> restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
> in a radiative spiral outward from a common
> center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
> opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
> spiral toward a common center. Its
> movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
> travel are always curved and spiral because of
> the others’ resistance, continuously.
> Resistance to movement from inertia causes
> curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
> Polarity is established as soon as there
> is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
> there is a division and with division there is
> polarity.
> Another mind picture: Picture the point being
> acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
> horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
> resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
> in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
> the center point. The ring waves extend to a
> maximum distance until the resistance
> becomes predominant and pushes them back
> toward the center.
> Each rotating ring meets resistance which
> compresses its dissipation and attempts to
> restore an evacuated space. These rings are
> observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
> exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
> an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
> to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
> beginning of vortex motion.
> The opposing forces acting upon each other
> set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
> opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
> side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
> like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
> forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
> attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
> may be restored out of the motion. Local
> eddies always occur where two movements
> come against each other, for example, whenever
> two streams come against each other, or
> where a moving flow meets a stationary object
> such as water on a rock.
> If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
> to begin a curvature back to a central
> point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
> not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
> as our technology does. Nature was wise
> enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
> possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
> back to the source, the center, to insure that the
> instability and tensions that were created could
> be forever repeated so work could be performed.
> The concentric rings rotating about the
> sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
> between each one in series. The first
> ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
> tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
> of deflection to throw back to the center, when
> the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
> This causes more numbers of tiny local
> boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
> rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
> against inertia.
> The second ring has less centrifugal force or
> outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
> raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
> amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
> number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
> however, they can be larger in diameter
> and rotate faster because the ring is already
> of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
> to aid the centripetal throw back.
> If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
> to come from the center source (as from
> a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
> eventually the surrounding rings close to the
> central point are pushed further apart, weakening
> the centripetal ability. Every force has a
> binding field, even in an open system. Even a
> non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
> movement meets a boundary wall and curves
> against its direction and begins to loop back
> upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
> curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
> a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
> in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
> according to their curvature, focal length,
> etc., come into plan and influence whatever
> passes through them. The undulations and
> small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
> rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
> of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
> or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
> off either toward the centrifugal direction or
> toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
> push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
> which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
> multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
> central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
> not throw off much on their periphery, but they
> orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
> help the centripetal force hold the momentum
> there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
> faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
> ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
> (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
> because they throw off more along their periphery.
> When the inward compression (centripetal)
> force is predominant the amplitude of each
> shock wave increases and moves the whole
> series of waves toward the center, compacting
> the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
> results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
> to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
> again, up and down. This movement
> meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
> and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
> axis.
> COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
> We now have a picture of a vortex formation
> from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
> directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
> to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
> directions of motion interacting within, setting
> up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
> boundary walls and naturally establishing
> a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
> which represents the pulsation battle occurring
> between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
> spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
> The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
> Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
> own resistance and has its equal and opposite
> potential motion body to unite, propagate and
> return to stillness.
> Very briefly, let us go through the aging
> process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
> consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
> drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
> and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
> slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
> then as the outward, resistance force
> takes preponderance the vortex widens and
> flattens, as in the drawings.
> Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
> closer together and then is pushed further
> apart.
> Each concentric spiral is centered around a
> vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
> vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
> becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
> wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
> and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
> axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
> on a plane.
> The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
> in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
> forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
> shape again.
> The contest between the two forces develops
> pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
> different pressures, different densities, and
> potentials, and holds them in concentrated
> form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
> At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
> rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
> which act as lenses affecting the passage from
> one layer to the next in series as described.
> Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
> space? We always must! We have three axes
> to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
> is where rotation occurs around the center,
> where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
> centrifugal force can express in preponderance
> to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
> through dissipation, separation and explosion.
> Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
> forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
> one plane of stillness.
> The second axis is the vertical one which is
> the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
> is lengthened when the centripetal force
> expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
> be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
> in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
> solid matter back to an energy transformation
> through implosion.
> In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
> perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
> only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
> duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
> a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
> a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
> from one end of its swing to the other end.
> Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
> stages between the perfect axis alignment.
> Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
> motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
> force, thus the wobble of the vertical
> axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
> no motion and no work expressed in the
> Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
> ARE because of the battle between the two
> forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
> process from stillness to maximum motion and
> back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
> two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
> to cause work or motion.
> Motion bodies and matter have different
> characteristics and manifestations according to
> which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
> which axis) is predominant.
> The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
> It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
> matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
> crystallized along the way. However, all matter
> is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
> Vortexes and matter are very different as their
> vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
> operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
> motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
> rather than when they are oblated in the plane
> of the centrifugal force.
> Another component readily observable in
> vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
> can be anything from a mere depression which
> does not extend the full depth of the vortex
> movement, to a very fine line which centers the
> motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
> is hard to measure because it is constantly
> wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
> and contracting. However, a black hole centers
> every vortex movement.
> Among the varied phenomena observed
> connected to the hole are disorientation of
> polarized instruments such as compasses, the
> inability of electrical equipment to operate as
> reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
> and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
> tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
> been experienced close to the vortex hole
> which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
> in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
> water and even burning particles have been
> observed shooting out of the center hole. The
> hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
> which causes water to “evaporate” at
> room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
> implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
> A phenomena attributed to the center
> eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
> of matter like a pole or stick found
> inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
> deposit it there, just like it grew there.
> Each of these phenomena I will take up in
> future articles. Each has an explanation and
> each can be copied for very useful purposes
> when the Engineering of machines are based
> upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
> basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
> MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
> Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
> the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
> toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
> Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
> straight course because of resistance. We
> know there are different density layers separated
> by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
> along the edges. We know there is rotation in
> every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
> know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
> for every layer and particle, just like our
> planetary system.
> In our planetary system the planets close to
> the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
> centripetally influenced. They are colder,
> their layers are packed more densely, their
> shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
> they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
> they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
> of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
> planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
> are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
> observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
> fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
> debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
> A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
> system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
> layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
> each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
> according to its attributes of density, temperature,
> volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
> or valence, etc.
> So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
> physical quantities like mass of varying
> densities, momentum and energy through
> them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
> velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
> and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
> boundary layer eddies which occur along the
> skin of each layer and act as lenses.
> Depending upon the nature of predominance of
> centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
> acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
> , the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
> into the next layer or thrown outward to the
> adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
> process goes on just as a selection process for
> the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
> cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
> eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
> rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
> The small eddies which occur by shear
> forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
> and mix the edges. According to their distance
> from the center of a vortex their motion is more
> centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
> on the outer layers. Each type of motion
> influences the character of atoms, molecules
> and particles by influencing such things as density,
> volume, tempertaure and many other
> dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
> upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
> lowered and the density increased by
> packing the layers closer together. This prepares
> the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
> layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
> action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
> is increased, its temperature is raised and
> its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
> more suitable for the outside adjacent.
> The laminar layers of a vortex have different
> temperatures, densities, specific weights and
> speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
> temperature and volume and show an example
> of how these factors, when changed can influence
> flow between the layers in a vortex of
> water.
> Water flowing in a natural underground channel
> will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
> layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
> layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
> depending on the geological lay of the earth
> may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
> degrees.
> The water that has adapted to this layer (4
> degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
> of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
> water is less dense, because it has a higher
> temperature and an expanded volume.
> This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
> by layers of different densities. These less
> dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
> pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
> longitudinal flow.
> The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
> the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
> while pressure from the upper water layer and
> the water layer from below persists. No single
> water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
> 1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
> the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
> with vortexian action in the minute boundary
> layer zone to become one with it. In this way
> more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
> then runs off. In this way it is possible that
> water can exit as a spring close to the top of
> high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
> the earth’s surface always show temperatures
> close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
> may assume that the movement of the spring
> water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
> degrees C has reached its maximum density
> and can not be more compressed. It would,
> under additional pressure rather give way to the
> surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
> increases according to the pressure.
> Enormous masses of water are pushed or
> pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
> from far below by the temperature differences
> of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
> to make water move.
> Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
> from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
> flow.
> It may be asked at this point why the outside
> layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
> perform the same function of shooting the
> inside layers forward with momentum.
> Remember, every particle of water is bound to
> move with a certain speed, depending on its
> specific weight, and its specific weight is either
> decreased by warmer temperatures, or
> increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
> running water in a conventional pipe
> increases its friction and decreases the specific
> weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
> atom, making it more difficult for an increased
> volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
> the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
> of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
> changing tiny eddies between layers; which
> can alter the physical characteristics of the
> atoms themselves and prepare them for the
> next inside layer. Here is another instance
> where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
> its advantage.
> VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
> All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
> controls and disperses energy and
> mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
> higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
> is literally twisted together just as strands of a
> rope are twisted together to form strength and
> solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
> which controls creation, appearance and decreation
> and disappearance. In the field of
> Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
> positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
> neutrons can become protons and protons
> become neutrons millions of times a second. It
> is recognized that mass can be changed
> between two opposites. A proton is positive at
> one instant and is negative at the next instant
> and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
> and conditions are recognized and known to
> fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
> dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
> force is dominant so they are defined by
> their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
> elements can be totally different in their characteristics
> such as the example of carbon, which
> can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
> and soft like graphite in other conditions.
> What is not known is that the changing of those
> conditions is directly controlled by the action of
> the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
> whatever is impressed upon the field of the
> mass within.
> When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
> it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
> density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
> axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
> charge, reduces its temperature, changes
> its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
> increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
> reduces its ionization, and several
> other attributes of its character, which are all
> results of the type of motion in its field.
> If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
> which is within it is influenced by separating,
> expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
> shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
> axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
> is increased, its temperature is increased, it
> becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
> its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
> opposite.
> When a vortex motion body is subjected to
> an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
> solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
> cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
> rod, each ring layer along with the local
> eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
> force and will lose some of their centripetal
> force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
> mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
> and breaking apart which occurs along
> the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
> and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
> of Nature, for instance water and air.
> The above dissolution and expansion can be
> reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
> the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
> choice of creation or de-creation can be
> demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
> On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
> central rod) a square is made with powder. The
> shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
> way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
> until it is completely pulled apart and no
> longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
> reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
> as if a movie were reversed.
> The control of matter, form and energy can
> be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
> of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
> of the vortex and how to engineer with
> it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
> the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
> determines which force is predominant. We
> know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
> vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
> to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
> motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
> as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
> influence, friction, etc. We know that a
> fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
> rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
> though characteristics of greater vorticity or
> velocity being at the center is copied here, the
> shock waves and rings are radiating along the
> horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
> but instead decrease, the vortex will never
> create a center hole where vacuum suction can
> occur. So the question becomes how can we
> Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
> to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
> force predominant?
> *****
>
> What is Heat #3
>
> For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of
>
> heating and cooling associated with the phase change of
>
> liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of
>
> electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this
>
> interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted
>
> from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My
>
> line of thinking really took off back when I experimented
>
> with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in
>
> electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most
>
> people do not understand how these devices move thermal
>
> energy through a current flow across a semiconductor
>
> junction.Historically we find that German physicist,
>
> Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was
>
> applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that
>
> electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier
>
> discovered that when a direct current was applied to two
>
> Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not
>
> Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of
>
> Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of
>
> Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then
>
> Melted when the polarity of the direct current was
>
> Reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100
>
> Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor
>
> Materials which could provide the wide temperature
>
> Differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became
>
> Available which revived the electric cooling principles.In
>
> The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling
>
> Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a
>
> Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced
>
> Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore
>
> Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical
>
> Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high
>
> Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first
>
> Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years
>
> ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a
>
> small temperature differential across the device a weak
>
> current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing
>
> the differential provided a proportional increase in current
>
> and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the
>
> wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on
>
> the Keely Net BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of
>
> how electron flow could move thermal energy across the
>
> junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving
>
> thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly
>
> reversible situation based on polarity.
>
> Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in
>
> refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase
>
> change material such as water and refrigerants.We have
>
> always been led to believe that evaporating water provided
>
> cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same
>
> mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the
>
> condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would
>
> you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change
>
> provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840
>
> Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on
>
> escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one
>
> of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.
>
> Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with
>
> the electrical output resulting from the steam friction
>
> passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)
>
> Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the
>
> phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and
>
> not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or
>
> gain electrons in the process which accounts for the
>
> discrepancy in the energy equation when a material
>
> transitions between phases.More energy is present after
>
> the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The
>
> text book stated that this phenomenon could not be
>
> explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by
>
> Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a
>
> Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change
>
> of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is
>
> totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions
>
> were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an
>
> electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental
>
> question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool
>
> that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence
>
> of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at
>
> a very simple example of heating which may explain this
>
> process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is
>
> heated because electrons in the material are converted to
>
> photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light
>
> leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The
>
> more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.Now
>
> the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water
>
> from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a
>
> net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the
>
> ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame
>
> (ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons
>
> which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic
>
> structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.
>
> Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current
>
> across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy
>
> (ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or
>
> absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to
>
> how the process works.All phase change processes work the
>
> same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical
>
> processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is
>
> an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level
>
> based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.
>
> At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago
>
> we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in
>
> which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the
>
> cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on
>
> negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly
>
> cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a
>
> very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion
>
> generator operates at very high voltages with very little
>
> current involved.It is possible to develop this ion
>
> transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical
>
> output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember
>
> that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal
>
> differential will cause a development of current and voltage
>
> as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will
>
> provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.
>
> Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line
>
> of experimentation.Norm
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>>
>> 	
>>
>> ( 1of1)
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> United States Patent
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 6,386,751
>>
>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>
>> 	
>>
>> May 14, 2002
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>
>> Abstract
>>
>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Inventors:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>
>> Assignee:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>
>> Appl. No.:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 08/957,530
>>
>> Filed:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> October 24, 1997
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Current U.S. Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>
>> Current International Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>
>> Field of Search:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> References Cited _[Referenced By] 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_
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>>
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>>
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>>
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>>
>> 	
>> 	
>>
>> January 1997
>>
>> 	
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>>
>> Rasmussen
>>
>>
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>>
>> _5782556 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>>
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>> 	
>>
>> July 1998
>>
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>>
>> Chu
>>
>>
>> 	
>>
>> _5810052 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>>
>> 	
>> 	
>>
>> September 1998
>>
>> 	
>> 	
>>
>> Kozyuk
>>
>>
>> 	
>> 	
>> 	
>> 	
>> 	
>>
>> Other References
>>
>>
>> Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 
>> [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
>> <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
>> Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
>> site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>>
>>
>> /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
>> /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
>> /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, 
>> L.L.P.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> /Claims/
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>>
>>
>> What is claimed is:
>>
>> 1. A diffuser comprising:
>>
>> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>
>> a second member having a first side positioned relative to said 
>> surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through 
>> which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel 
>> flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet 
>> through a second side of said second member is introduced, said 
>> diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is 
>> provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation 
>> thereof; and
>>
>> means for moving said first material through said channel relative to 
>> said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material 
>> within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first 
>> material.
>>
>> 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a 
>> surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>>
>> 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
>> disturbances comprise impressions.
>>
>> 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.
>>
>> 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.
>>
>> 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise 
>> protrusions.
>>
>> 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>>
>> 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.
>>
>> 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first 
>> member and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein 
>> to pass said second material into said channel prior to mixing with 
>> said first material.
>>
>> 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
>> first member and said second member for passing two different 
>> materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.
>>
>> 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing 
>> said first and second materials through said channel.
>>
>> 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving 
>> said first and second materials through said channel.
>>
>> 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>> cylindrical shape.
>>
>> 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.
>>
>> 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical 
>> shape.
>>
>> 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical 
>> shape.
>>
>> 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>> hemispherical shape.
>>
>> 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
>> against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or 
>> more discrete frequencies.
>>
>> 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
>> comprising the steps of:
>>
>> inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel 
>> formed between a first member and a first side of a second member, 
>> wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said 
>> first inlet to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;
>>
>> inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
>> member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and 
>> second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and
>>
>> moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
>> cause said first and second materials to be compressed and 
>> decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within 
>> said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.
>>
>> 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second 
>> members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>>
>> 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>> second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.
>>
>> 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>> second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.
>>
>> 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>> second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances 
>> positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material 
>> at a known frequency.
>>
>> 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>> second members includes a surface with surface disturbances 
>> positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said 
>> first material at respective discrete frequencies.
>>
>> 25. A diffuser comprising:
>>
>> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>
>> a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
>> disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a 
>> channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective 
>> member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;
>>
>> a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said 
>> channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially 
>> continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said 
>> channel throughout operation thereof;
>>
>> a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
>> surface of said second member such that said second material is input 
>> through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first 
>> material; and
>>
>> a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
>> other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
>> material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into 
>> said first material.
>>
>> 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid 
>> and said second material is a gas.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> /Description/
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>>
>>
>> CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>>
>> Not Applicable
>>
>> STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>>
>> Not Applicable
>>
>> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>>
>> 1. Technical Field
>>
>> This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more 
>> particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying 
>> a gas or liquid into a material.
>>
>> 2. Description of the Related Art
>>
>> In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
>> material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is 
>> a subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one 
>> liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not 
>> mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the 
>> diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities 
>> aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to 
>> stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of 
>> biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the 
>> amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to 
>> sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic 
>> matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such 
>> as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>>
>> There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine 
>> aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller 
>> which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be 
>> sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system 
>> produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects 
>> the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device 
>> have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 
>> ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring 
>> levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is 
>> considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX 
>> device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased 
>> oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% 
>> dissolved oxygen levels.
>>
>> Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
>> oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
>> wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion 
>> would be increased and the amount of time need for biological 
>> remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater 
>> treatment facilities.
>>
>> Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
>> diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.
>>
>> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>>
>> In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having 
>> a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
>> positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
>> through which a first material and a second material may flow. The 
>> first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to 
>> create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the 
>> second material into the first material.
>>
>> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
>> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
>> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
>> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
>> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
>> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. 
>> Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the 
>> device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
>> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
>> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
>> consistent diffusion.
>>
>> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>>
>> For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
>> advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following 
>> descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in 
>> which:
>>
>> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially 
>> block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>>
>> FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
>> diffuser;
>>
>> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
>> diffuser;
>>
>> FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>>
>> FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly 
>> in a second embodiment of the invention;
>>
>> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment 
>> of the invention;
>>
>> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the 
>> invention;
>>
>> FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating 
>> the diffusion; and
>>
>> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the 
>> invention.
>>
>> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>>
>> The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of 
>> the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the 
>> various drawings.
>>
>> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
>> cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
>> diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
>> (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid 
>> material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be 
>> a normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to 
>> be in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification 
>> process.
>>
>> A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both 
>> ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. 
>> A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior 
>> of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the 
>> rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 
>> formed therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the 
>> preferred embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 
>> and a larger borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can 
>> assume various shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled 
>> (as shown in FIG. 1) or curved.
>>
>> A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between 
>> the rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. 
>> The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A 
>> housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second 
>> infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 
>> 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. 
>> Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. 
>> An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 
>> 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by 
>> motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.
>>
>> In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through 
>> inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host 
>> material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host 
>> material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and 
>> second infusion materials are introduced to the host material through 
>> openings 22. The infusion materials may be pressurized at their 
>> source to prevent the host material from passing through openings 22.
>>
>> The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for 
>> the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different 
>> infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. 
>> Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into 
>> both inlets.
>>
>> In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels 
>> of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. 
>> Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host 
>> material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the 
>> water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.
>>
>> The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion 
>> is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described 
>> in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a 
>> smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin 
>> boundary layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of 
>> the surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary 
>> surface. The openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can 
>> cause compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure 
>> during the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation 
>> bubbles) will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a 
>> rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of 
>> low pressure draws the host material and the infusion material, as 
>> shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high 
>> pressures result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a 
>> succusion (shock wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The 
>> energy associated with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion 
>> material and the host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps 
>> at the molecular level.
>>
>> The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings 
>> that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the 
>> device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic 
>> frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that 
>> operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides 
>> the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the 
>> fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion 
>> materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The 
>> frequency at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree 
>> of diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion 
>> material in the host material.
>>
>> In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
>> desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case 
>> of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
>> succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
>> (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can 
>> be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the 
>> sub-structures at a high efficiency.
>>
>> Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. 
>> In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical 
>> reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a 
>> piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem 
>> associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound 
>> waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; 
>> rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. 
>> The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced 
>> throughout a material using a simple mechanical device.
>>
>> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 
>> and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
>> rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
>> (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
>> disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a 
>> different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. 
>> In similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of 
>> openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To 
>> ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays 
>> will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a 
>> given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the 
>> number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. 
>> Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced 
>> around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings 
>> spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>>
>> As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array 
>> will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly 
>> choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference interference 
>> pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This 
>> spectrum of frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where 
>> unknown impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.
>>
>> FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
>> stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form 
>> the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 
>> uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can 
>> be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each 
>> borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 
>> 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then 
>> placed in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. 
>> Other methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 
>> 30.
>>
>> FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 
>> 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in 
>> these figures.
>>
>> FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment 
>> where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates 
>> a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above 
>> and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a 
>> plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 
>> 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. 
>> As before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more 
>> or less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to 
>> prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The 
>> openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow 
>> shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor 
>> for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the 
>> stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. 
>> As the host material flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and 
>> the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the 
>> openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second 
>> materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to 
>> outlets 40.
>>
>> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
>> plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the 
>> rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at 
>> different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would 
>> be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding 
>> openings would be formed above and below these openings on the stator 
>> 30.
>>
>> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
>> where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 
>> 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
>> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by 
>> the motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of 
>> the rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the 
>> conical shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the 
>> stator 30 at the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may 
>> have one opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent 
>> simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A 
>> hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk 
>> shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 
>> between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion 
>> material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the 
>> stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 
>> 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials 
>> with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>>
>> In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of 
>> openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of 
>> multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any 
>> number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical 
>> shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>>
>> The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of 
>> applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and 
>> borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator 
>> diameters may be dependent upon the application of the device.
>>
>> As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. 
>> In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second 
>> infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater 
>> (or other water needing aeration) as described in connection with 
>> FIG. 1. It has been found that the diffuser can increase the 
>> oxygenation to approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater 
>> concentrations expected as parameters are optimized for this 
>> application. In tests which circulated approximately twenty five 
>> gallons of municipal water at ambient temperatures (initially having 
>> a reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for five 
>> minutes to achieve 390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced 
>> concentration of oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen 
>> for a period of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 
>> 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained 
>> above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The 
>> sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and 0.25 
>> inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor having 
>> sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly increase the 
>> oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>>
>> Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other 
>> toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion 
>> materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In 
>> this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in 
>> the host material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, 
>> as described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays 
>> of openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide 
>> an destructive interference pattern which would break down many of 
>> the complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if 
>> the treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known 
>> hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency 
>> which was known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, 
>> a set of frequencies which result in a constructive interference 
>> pattern could be used to combine two or more compounds into a more 
>> complex and highly structured substance.
>>
>> For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and 
>> second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.
>>
>> While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in 
>> connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater 
>> remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as 
>> drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>>
>> The diffuser could also be used for other applications where 
>> diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the 
>> characteristics of the host material. Examples of such applications 
>> would include the homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of 
>> oils. Other applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing 
>> fuel and gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.
>>
>> FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
>> stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, 
>> the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
>> rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one 
>> of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion 
>> material through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an 
>> infusion material); the component which does not pass an infusion 
>> material has its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the 
>> turbulence. The cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the 
>> boreholes 26 without the accompanying orifices 24.
>>
>> In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is 
>> passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the 
>> borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous 
>> embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the 
>> borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along 
>> the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and 
>> rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the 
>> micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion 
>> produced by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation 
>> bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles 
>> grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the 
>> frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
>> produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion 
>> of the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through 
>> the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host 
>> material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant 
>> shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.
>>
>> FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the 
>> host material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside 
>> of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other 
>> device) is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion 
>> material(s) and the host material. The mixture is input into the 
>> channel 32 between the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the 
>> compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause 
>> cavitation in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the 
>> shock waves.
>>
>> Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
>> performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown 
>> in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are 
>> surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host 
>> material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a 
>> protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in 
>> place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than 
>> rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or 
>> ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to 
>> generate the cavitation and shock waves.
>>
>> As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
>> generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
>> rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
>> disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather 
>> than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the 
>> cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be 
>> formed on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. 
>> Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both 
>> the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to 
>> create the cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the 
>> device 10 will be more efficient if both surfaces are used.
>>
>> FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
>> cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with 
>> entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of the 
>> rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 
>> is formed between two walls 66 which are static relative to one 
>> another, one or both of which have surface disturbances facing the 
>> channel 32. The host material is driven through the channel at high 
>> speed using a pump or other device for creating a high speed flow. 
>> One or more infusion materials are input into the channel, either 
>> through orifices 24 or by mixing the host material with the infusion 
>> materials external to the channel. The high speed of the host 
>> material relative to the walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and 
>> succussions described above.
>>
>> As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, 
>> through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host 
>> material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh 
>> would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material 
>> flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions 
>> would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the 
>> host material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into 
>> the host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.
>>
>> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating 
>> member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. 
>> The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 
>> 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 
>> or other device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller 
>> or auger shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or 
>> more surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating 
>> member 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby 
>> causing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape 
>> of the propeller blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 
>> thereon could create the cavitation and succussion at a desired 
>> frequency for purposes described above. Further, the shape of the 
>> rotating device could draw the materials through the conduit.
>>
>> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
>> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
>> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
>> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
>> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
>> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. 
>> Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the 
>> device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
>> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
>> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
>> consistent diffusion.
>>
>> Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed 
>> to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
>> embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to 
>> those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications 
>> or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
>>> take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 
>>> 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
>>> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>>
>>> “Sonodiffuser”
>>>
>>> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>>
>>> 9/24/2012
>>>
>>> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth 
>>> behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
>>> “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
>>> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
>>> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
>>> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
>>> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent 
>>> shown below, the Inventor!
>>>
>>> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>>
>>>
>>> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> ( 1of1)
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> United States Patent
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 6,386,751
>>>
>>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> May 14, 2002
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>
>>> Abstract
>>>
>>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Inventors:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>
>>> Assignee:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>
>>> Appl. No.:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 08/957,530
>>>
>>> Filed:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> October 24, 1997
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Current U.S. Class:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>
>>> Current International Class:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>
>>> Field of Search:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development 
>>> for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and 
>>> exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in 
>>> the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of 
>>> maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It 
>>> was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the 
>>> domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
>>> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
>>> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
>>> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
>>> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
>>> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
>>> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
>>> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
>>> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on 
>>> a “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous 
>>> output.My next find was very interesting for it has shown that a 
>>> former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive 
>>> device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with 
>>> help from several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA 
>>> Engineers and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. 
>>> Outputting more energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy in 
>>> kWh electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs 
>>> because of the similarities between the two devices and eventually 
>>> Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to “prior art”.
>>>
>>> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
>>> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could 
>>> possibly violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype 
>>> (still have it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section 
>>> housing the rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to 
>>> see what type of action is taking place between the rotating rotor 
>>> and the glass cylinder. With water flowing through the operating 
>>> device, I bathed the frothy looking water (what you see in your 
>>> blender when set on puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at 
>>> the same time used a high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the 
>>> rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally 
>>> millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of 
>>> one attached to the rotor and the other open end connected to the 
>>> fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if 
>>> you put two ice cream cones together at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that 
>>> the anomalous effects are now caused by micro cavitation the same as 
>>> seen on boat propellers in water. This cavitation is highly 
>>> destructive to metals if allowed to persist.A micro cavitation is a 
>>> vortex that “implodes” with pressures approaching infinity at the 
>>> tip of the cone.This is proven by the fact that the pressure is so 
>>> extreme that water is split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen 
>>> and a combustion process occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit 
>>> photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.The attendant heat 
>>> produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid metal erosion and 
>>> collectively causes the entire device to exhibit over unity 
>>> operational characteristics as found by NASA investigation.
>>>
>>> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
>>> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
>>> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method 
>>> was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse 
>>> oxygen into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins 
>>> Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex 
>>> generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher 
>>> level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
>>>
>>> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including 
>>> Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the 
>>> oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was 
>>> immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. 
>>> Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about 
>>> “sonochemistry”. He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and 
>>> wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of 
>>> promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new 
>>> rotary device, larger but with same design features.I designed all 
>>> the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate 
>>> neighborhood.About a week later everything was finished at a cost of 
>>> $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.On our first 
>>> runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen 
>>> which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for 
>>> days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood 
>>> wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to 
>>> provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable 
>>> product.Ann Wilson joined our new company which became “Life 
>>> Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was brought on board from Austin 
>>> who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a 
>>> lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical 
>>> description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had 
>>> completed all the drawings and did the complete technical 
>>> explanation as to how the device actually worked with the various 
>>> embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
>>>
>>> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
>>> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
>>> Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla 
>>> Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris 
>>> said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested 
>>> in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought 
>>> Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of 
>>> $80,000.When the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% 
>>> share interest, Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris 
>>> had a 25% share interest.I had no money so my intellectual property 
>>> and developmental work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have 
>>> the original Corp documents with shares in “Life Affirming 
>>> Technologies”. All necessary shareholder meetings and other legal 
>>> requirements were met on a monthly basis.
>>>
>>> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
>>> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
>>> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
>>> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, 
>>> Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When 
>>> more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes 
>>> into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was 
>>> shown as first inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann 
>>> Wilson was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball 
>>> peened hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be 
>>> his “head” if he did not immediately change the order of the 
>>> inventors. All of this technology was mine from the very start and 
>>> Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of 
>>> the Corp. Structure.
>>>
>>> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen 
>>> levels as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show 
>>> places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown 
>>> hydroponically without having to drain them down for root exposure 
>>> to oxygen.Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable 
>>> vitality and growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>>>
>>> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen 
>>> to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
>>> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
>>> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>>>
>>> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
>>> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
>>> that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
>>> colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We 
>>> experimented successfully with ground water remediation in 
>>> contaminated wells.We also demonstrated the ability to break complex 
>>> molecular structures (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. 
>>> oxygen.We demonstrated the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing 
>>> nitrogen into the water which stripped out all oxygen. This process 
>>> is valuable in the growth of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. 
>>> Algae grows in the presence of light, water and CO2. Which makes it 
>>> an aerobic process.
>>>
>>> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>>
>>> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>>
>>> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>>
>>> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, 
>>> Tony Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>>>
>>> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
>>> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our 
>>> CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of 
>>> nitrogen.
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor 
>>>> led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. 
>>>> (SIUC)
>>>>
>>>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>>>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* 
>>>> at *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased 
>>>> to announce the expansion of the scope of their current 
>>>> collaboration to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for 
>>>> DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals 
>>>> and focus of this unique interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC 
>>>> *have entered into a */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to 
>>>> collaborate in the development, application and commercialization, 
>>>> through licensing, of application specific, architectural 
>>>> combinations of design, construction, materials, fabrication, and 
>>>> process variables to meet identified operational component needs 
>>>> using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems 
>>>> technology, know-how and intellectual property.
>>>>
>>>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low 
>>>> Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite 
>>>> Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the 
>>>> development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production 
>>>> and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid 
>>>> Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” Composite Friction Material that has 
>>>> demonstrated break through performance improvements.
>>>>
>>>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>>>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
>>>> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
>>>> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
>>>> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>>>>
>>>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>>
>>>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>>>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>>>> Practically Eliminated
>>>>
>>>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for 
>>>> All Energy Loading Conditions
>>>>
>>>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>>>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid 
>>>> HMCC System
>>>>
>>>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>>>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>>>> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
>>>> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
>>>> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As 
>>>> the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the 
>>>> need exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
>>>> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>>>>
>>>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners 
>>>> _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as 
>>>> exemplified by :
>>>>
>>>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>>>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>>>
>>>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet 
>>>> Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>>>
>>>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>>>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>>>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can 
>>>> be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>>
>>>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
>>>> each application specific component (Product) development
>>>>
>>>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>>>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to 
>>>> Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>>
>>>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>>>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>>>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>>>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>>>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and 
>>>> Cleaning Support Only!
>>>>
>>>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current 
>>>> Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>>
>>>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>>>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, 
>>>> or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, 
>>>> President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; 
>>>> e-mail: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. 
>>>> Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>>>
>>>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame 
>>>>> for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this 
>>>>> group site for your research use if you choose. In retrospect, I 
>>>>> have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents 
>>>>> etc. from those of us that have given information freely as did 
>>>>> Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for 
>>>>> the benefit of all.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>>
>>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>>
>>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>>
>>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>>
>>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>>
>>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green 
>>>>> Energy Systems
>>>>>
>>>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>>>
>>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>>>
>>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for 
>>>>> making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type 
>>>>> of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first 
>>>>> prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to 
>>>>> arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor 
>>>>> Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a 
>>>>> formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent 
>>>>> process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went 
>>>>> to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account 
>>>>> and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. 
>>>>> Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for 
>>>>> the purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly contact with 
>>>>> Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was 
>>>>> funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her 
>>>>> Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 
>>>>> level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 
>>>>> aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second 
>>>>> working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim 
>>>>> asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion 
>>>>> Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed 
>>>>> densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided you in previous 
>>>>> documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In 
>>>>> which we had a working agreement with the University. In the 
>>>>> spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR 
>>>>> attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe 
>>>>> it was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator 
>>>>> has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had 
>>>>> moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in 
>>>>> Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the 
>>>>> slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took 
>>>>> possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and 
>>>>> U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the 
>>>>> IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my 
>>>>> basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required 
>>>>> densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal 
>>>>> environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the 
>>>>> “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab 
>>>>> Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim 
>>>>> was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the 
>>>>> Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to 
>>>>> have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to 
>>>>> do with our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for 
>>>>> having the forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete 
>>>>> historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters 
>>>>> with both US Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered 
>>>>> a complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western 
>>>>> Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same 
>>>>> docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of 
>>>>> WVA.This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR 
>>>>> portion of our “VES” Program!
>>>>>
>>>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>>
>>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>>
>>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green 
>>>>> Energy Systems
>>>>>
>>>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>>>
>>>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in 
>>>>> the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever 
>>>>> been written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest 
>>>>> was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After 
>>>>> doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I 
>>>>> quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>>>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it 
>>>>> worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and 
>>>>> never divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” 
>>>>> internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and 
>>>>> found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to 
>>>>> work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. 
>>>>> tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and 
>>>>> was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early 
>>>>> due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners 
>>>>> (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.Due to my background 
>>>>> and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just 
>>>>> how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the 
>>>>> phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined 
>>>>> the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to 
>>>>> demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent office the 
>>>>> Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that 
>>>>> eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the 
>>>>> operational efficiency and simplified the construction of said 
>>>>> turbine.At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 
>>>>> 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent 
>>>>> Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was 
>>>>> demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>>
>>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question 
>>>>> was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the 
>>>>> IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, 
>>>>> to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this 
>>>>> before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along 
>>>>> with stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized 
>>>>> in the turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, 
>>>>> Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) 
>>>>> that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would 
>>>>> successfully operate in the required environment and would be 
>>>>> impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron 
>>>>> level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the 
>>>>> Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that 
>>>>> had the operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, 
>>>>> low temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the 
>>>>> charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor 
>>>>> Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be 
>>>>> incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very 
>>>>> conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.This is 
>>>>> totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat 
>>>>> Pump technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a 
>>>>> huge shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at 
>>>>> very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize 
>>>>> the extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical 
>>>>> energy to drive the generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ 
>>>>> cycle” or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our 
>>>>> System operates at relatively low pressures and temperatures 
>>>>> vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and 
>>>>> practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and 
>>>>> I have all the documentation of this System in our files!This is a 
>>>>> unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at 
>>>>> the Victorville Facility.
>>>>>
>>>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has 
>>>>> such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>>
>>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>>
>>>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 
>>>>> 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a 
>>>>> very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic 
>>>>> heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all 
>>>>> facets of heating and cooling technology including the various 
>>>>> thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW 
>>>>> has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. 
>>>>> Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation 
>>>>> in oil to produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later 
>>>>> verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the 
>>>>> US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.It was 
>>>>> previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was 
>>>>> impossible!NASA was right for I built a device based on the 
>>>>> Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is 
>>>>> micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the 
>>>>> microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which 
>>>>> there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a 
>>>>> near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached is my 
>>>>> Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was 
>>>>> excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later 
>>>>> in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from 
>>>>> the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of 
>>>>> algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>>>>
>>>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>>>>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>>>>> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that 
>>>>> also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System 
>>>>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>>>>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same 
>>>>> block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat 
>>>>> scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no 
>>>>> one has anything like this for its principles of operation are 
>>>>> unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the 
>>>>> production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in 
>>>>> the process. All of these things work like a “charm” but are not 
>>>>> currently being utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the 
>>>>> state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling 
>>>>> tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the 
>>>>> advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure 
>>>>> water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the 
>>>>> heat of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process 
>>>>> and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as 
>>>>> a prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power 
>>>>> production of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary 
>>>>> plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system 
>>>>> would be increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy 
>>>>> being “blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated cooling 
>>>>> towers.There is also an environmental concern due to hot water 
>>>>> discharge into streams etc.All of this we can fix!You will find 
>>>>> all of this information in Jim’s files for as he incorporated it 
>>>>> into the “VES” System he would e-mail all the docs for my review 
>>>>> and comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same 
>>>>> page of music!Diffuser patent attached!
>>>>>
>>>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>>
>>>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular 
>>>>> System incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>>>
>>>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground 
>>>>> storage in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line 
>>>>> needs in CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and 
>>>>> obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and 
>>>>> systems.I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, 
>>>>> powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and 
>>>>> can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are 
>>>>> limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting 
>>>>> area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. 
>>>>> Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very 
>>>>> subject.Careful study revealed several factors that University 
>>>>> Researchers do not know or understand.Ever wonder why most plant 
>>>>> foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the 
>>>>> chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light 
>>>>> energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon 
>>>>> molecules for cell growth!Now consider, after careful study you 
>>>>> will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar spectrum 
>>>>> (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.Now if 
>>>>> the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the leaves 
>>>>> appear green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, in fresh 
>>>>> water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” as you 
>>>>> have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic 
>>>>> condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would 
>>>>> gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength 
>>>>> needed for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and 
>>>>> reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize everything!With 
>>>>> the algae species selected based on our desired output (lipid % 
>>>>> vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get 
>>>>> per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the LEDs from China 
>>>>> sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.Jim designed 
>>>>> these modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a 
>>>>> clever and practical layout of the footprint.I built several of 
>>>>> these laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns 
>>>>> that would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with 
>>>>> the optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.Jim did all the 
>>>>> power calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth 
>>>>> over a 24 hour period. He was calculating the time needed for 
>>>>> algae species growth doubling in density based on flow rates, 
>>>>> channel depths, light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other 
>>>>> minerals).Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was 
>>>>> a busy fellow!In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation 
>>>>> of “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is broken down in the 
>>>>> growth process oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed to build up you 
>>>>> inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and growth 
>>>>> stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it 
>>>>> is very useful in sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to 
>>>>> digress again to tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>>
>>>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values 
>>>>> caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for 
>>>>> the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe 
>>>>> the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the 
>>>>> microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light 
>>>>> the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser 
>>>>> light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated 
>>>>> with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see 
>>>>> the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness 
>>>>> the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite 
>>>>> overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond 
>>>>> momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the 
>>>>> blue light photon and resulting heat.Thus I found the secret 
>>>>> behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 
>>>>> 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 
>>>>> which made them think that the definition of a “calorie “was 
>>>>> wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I could “imprint” 
>>>>> oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was persistent! Did not 
>>>>> come out of solution!I did all kinds of research with highly 
>>>>> oxygenated water to include ground water remediation (contaminated 
>>>>> wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And doing 
>>>>> hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root structure 
>>>>> so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.The water 
>>>>> contained super high levels of oxygen.This phenomenon is well 
>>>>> known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from 
>>>>> what is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen 
>>>>> levels in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial 
>>>>> pressure ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.After Investors 
>>>>> and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the 
>>>>> Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked if they 
>>>>> would be interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they 
>>>>> declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which 
>>>>> is so radically different it will not infringe on the original 
>>>>> Patent.I call that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have 
>>>>> the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it 
>>>>> into our System.I am an accomplished machinist along with all 
>>>>> other technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the 
>>>>> very highest levels of technology.You are kind of exposed to such 
>>>>> things when you have a Military Research and Development 
>>>>> background at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced with: BRL 
>>>>> (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical 
>>>>> Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking 
>>>>> Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing and 
>>>>> helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army 
>>>>> Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When 
>>>>> I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an 
>>>>> Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm 
>>>>> down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>>>
>>>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want 
>>>>> to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too 
>>>>> old.Rather “interesting”! James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      
>>>>> Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>>>
>>

Global Warming.    Some serious thinking about the problem.

Root Stoichiometric Chemical Equation

**

**


  6C+12H2Oà6CO2+12H2

*72 g + 216 g = 288 g**à**264 g + 24 g = 288 g*

**

*C =12 grams / mole ,H2O = 18 grams / mole*

**

*CO2 = 44 grams / mole , H2 = 2 grams / mole*

**

Based on the above balanced chemical equation, we can do simple 
calculations and conversions to arrive at the necessary data needed for 
marketing analysis and comparison to other methods of production.

**

*Example:If the carbon (C) feed rate for our basic 6 inchreactor is 10 
pounds/ minute, then the hydrogen (H2) output would be 16.97 cubic 
meters / minute.When we extrapolate these figures we arrive at an output 
as follows:1 metric ton (1000Kg or 2200 pounds) carbon (C) yields 3733 
cubic meters of hydrogen (H2) while consuming 6600 pounds (825 gal or 
3630 liters) of water (H2O).At this production rate we can calculate the 
following consumption / output rates:*

*Carbon (coal) demand = 6.55 metric tons/ day.*

*Water (H2O) demand = 5404 gallons or 23,776 liters/ day*

*Hydrogen (H2) output= 24,432 cubic meters/ day*

*Carbon dioxide output= 8067 pounds/ day*

*( carbon dioxide is a direct salable product to the Carbonic Industry)*

**

*To understand the magnitude of the hydrogen supply problem that we are 
faced with, I will site an example from Michael Peavey’s book; Fuel From 
Water entitled “Infrastructure”.“The state of California has mandated 
that one percent of all vehicles be zero polluting by 2005.According to 
a study by Joan Ogden (625), if fuel cell cars meet half the mandate 
there will be 200,000 of them by 2010.There will be 330 fuel cell busses 
if 10% of new busses adopt the technology.Los Angeles will need 26 
million cubic feet (742,857 cubic meters) of hydrogen per day, and by 
2020, 61 million cubic feet (1,742,857 cubic meters) per day.This is 
equivalent to one steam reforming plant used by a large oil 
refinery.Current industrial gas supplies can meet 5 to 15 million cubic 
feet (142,857- 428,571 cubic meters) per day.This can match the demand 
of 46,000 to 138,000 cars and 700 to 2100 busses at a cost of $12 to $30 
per gigajoule (GJ).Natural gas supplies are sufficient for 30 years to 
fuel several million cars.The on-board steam reformers add $12 to $25 
per GJ, greater than the cost of liquid hydrogen.”*

**

*BMW has a liquid hydrogen fuel cell car with a 1000km (624 mi.) range; 
Mercedes will use methanol with low temperature reforming, and Ford with 
gasoline reforming, all within seven years.The additional penalty other 
than the energy cost sited above is the fact that on-board reformers 
exhaust carbon dioxide directly to the environment whereas we capture 
and compress it for industrial use.BMW has the most cost effective 
approach and is more environmentally clean.*

**

*From available (1986) production figures, 500 billion cubic meters were 
produced on a global basis with roughly 50% being produced in the 
U.S.This 250 billion cubic meter production of hydrogen in the U.S. went 
to industrial processes.Now that countries are looking toward switching 
to hydrogen based economies then the demand will skyrocket when hydrogen 
is used as a fuel.Industrial processes will still demand equal or 
greater quantities of hydrogen.The requirement for additional production 
capacity is readily apparent from the above scenario.*

**

*In order to meet these projected demands and provide relief from the 
short supply of both petroleum and natural gas I propose the use of the 
much maligned, EPA identified as a dirty source of energy, U.S. mined 
coal.The preferred feedstock for my reactor is hard coal (Anthracite) 
that contains 95% carbon.Wood charcoal is nearly 100% carbon and is a 
renewable resource.If we as a society are expected to shift to a 
hydrogen based method of transportation and energy production then it is 
necessary to explore alternative methods of hydrogen production.Current 
steam reforming processes utilize both natural gas and petroleum 
products that are already in short supply and are becoming more expensive.*


    Norman L. Wootan

*Battle Creek Farms*

*22825 FM709N*

*Hubbard, TX 76648*

*(254)[email protected]*

On 12/11/2018 9:56 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from 2004.  
> I would have to go back and find the party that posted it to the 
> EVGRAY site.
>
> hi
>
> i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan
>
> last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with
>
> Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic
>
> too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for
>
> aspiring rotoheads...
>
> Norman writes:
>
> Hi! Ken:Thanks for the thought provocative message.I have 4 two
>
> channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
>
> accurately measuring AC input to the motor.I just cannot find my
>
> current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
>
> relationship..I agree with your assessment aboutwho cares about
>
> the
>
> power factor anyway .If my power factor was anything other than
>
> unity
>
> then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very
>
> stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be
>
> seen.The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that
>
> when
>
> the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor
>
> terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the
>
> scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are
>
> identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed
>
> on one another. ?????I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on
>
> single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase
>
> angle so the motor would run.This is really interesting.First,
>
> this
>
> set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor
>
> at
>
> ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and
>
> L3
>
> has the tuning cap value between it and L3.The one thing that
>
> really
>
> bugsme is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and
>
> does not get warm when you load it.I believe I mentioned that I
>
> have a
>
> 32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some
>
> experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.
>
> I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter
>
> test.I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and
>
> not serious researchers who really question something soglaring .
>
> Thanks a million for your sincere interest.Norm
>
> Carrigan, Kenwrote:
>
> Norm, et al,
>
> I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent
>
> experimental overunity readings.I find nothing wrong or that
>
> could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
>
> your really getting something for nothing.Sure wish you had
>
> an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.
>
> As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
>
> it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
>
> important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?Tracing back
>
> from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
>
> coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.This because
>
> the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
>
> then 100%.So the answer is really in the capacitive input
>
> to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
>
> 480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
>
> portion out - leaving pure resistance.I am shocked that it
>
> runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
>
> Any further readings your getting?I'd sure like to see
>
> your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
>
> analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
>
> and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
>
> taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
>
> wave patterns.
>
> v/r
>
> Ken Carrigan
>
> -----Original Message-----
>
> From: Norman Wootan [_mailto:[email protected]_]
>
> Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
>
> To: Keelynet
>
> Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
>
> Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
>
> ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
>
> with interesting results.Go to:
>
> _http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm_
>
> I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
>
> results.This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
>
> I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
>
> Quote:
>
> Well said Hector::Here is the verification that you have
>
> been waiting for.Per our off line dialog here is the set
>
> up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
>
> seen.
>
> Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
>
> on 480V.
>
> Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
>
> line input required 20mfd
>
> 370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
>
> amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
>
> disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.(generator
>
> unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
>
> resulting
>
> current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
>
> lamp load.
>
> Now things get more interesting.Since I have two
>
> independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
>
> input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
>
> loaded with pure resistive load.Well here are the
>
> numbers:Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
>
> required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
>
> current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.The independent
>
> generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
>
> The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
>
> of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.I need
>
> to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
>
> the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
>
> the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
>
> input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.What I find most
>
> interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
>
> phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
>
> gets colder.The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
>
> after about 30 minutes of running time.Go figure it out.
>
> I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
>
> magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
>
> capacitors.This experiment is so easy to do everyone
>
> should seriously look at this phenomenon.My next step is
>
> to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
>
> circuitto provide more loading.
>
> By the way,all measurements were made with four each Fluke
>
> 87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
>
> DC measurements.Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
>
> determined.
>
> Norm
>
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the 
>> VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is 
>> Heat?    You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along 
>> about here.
>>
>> Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of 
>> thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is 
>> needed!
>> After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the 
>> very interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion 
>> Vortex with a better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' 
>> vortex actions produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" 
>> core output and a "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on 
>> my document "What is Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is 
>> positive ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since 
>> electrons have mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  
>> we see how  negative ionized gases (extra electrons) are heavier than 
>> positive  ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in an 
>> implosion vortex the heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with 
>> the lighter gases spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange 
>> and charge separation occurs at the shear lines of the 
>> counter-rotating gas flows just the same as found in the vortex of a 
>> well formed tornado in nature.  The result in nature produces a lot 
>> of ice, hail and huge electrical discharges.    Just passing along 
>> some thought on how things really work!    Norm
>>
>> ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
>> by
>> Rhetta Jacobson
>> A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
>> energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
>> movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
>> forces, which were created simultaneously
>> and which exist constantly in our Universe.
>> All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
>> we observe are results of the interplay of this
>> motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
>> or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
>> of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
>> All the studies of Science, whether it be light
>> refraction and reflection, heat convection,
>> sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
>> chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
>> observations have confronted this motion
>> body.
>> When we attempt to understand, control,
>> copy and work with these phenomena we need
>> to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
>> one expression they all have in common--the
>> vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
>> In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
>> a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
>> a map of the movements and forces and list
>> some results a vortex has upon the matter within
>> it. First, I will consider the group of particles
>> rotating about a common center; but the latter
>> list of results will consider a single particle of the
>> medium rotating about its own axis and the central
>> axis of a vortex motion.
>> Scientists have observed different types of
>> vortexes and given them separate names.
>> There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
>> vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
>> are the same, closed and perpendicular in
>> every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
>> there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
>> perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
>> again separated and typed according to the
>> shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
>> length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
>> has a large diameter compared to its height.
>> A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
>> to its height.
>> Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
>> by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
>> giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
>> a given point in space. Here we should note
>> that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
>> vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
>> flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
>> a parabolic rotational movement and call it
>> a vortex.
>> They say every rotating body is a vortex.
>> Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
>> With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
>> about an axis at its center, the velocity
>> increases linearly with the distance from the
>> center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
>> a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
>> to the distance from the stir rod. They
>> call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
>> have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
>> very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
>> motion can be observed correctly.
>> A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
>> vortex is a background energy movement
>> which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
>> The matter does not create the vortex, the
>> matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
>> about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
>> has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
>> it. The observation that velocity increases with
>> distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
>> force which they are applying to a solid
>> body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
>> velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
>> energy movement. They would do more good
>> considering what effect that centrifugal force
>> has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
>> is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
>> which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
>> sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
>> rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
>> example of a dandelion seed where this construction
>> and rotation slows its descent. In a
>> fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
>> action is observed; turbulence is caused by
>> action from the center outward.
>> The standard definition of a vortex is very
>> vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
>> few characteristics of this motion body and
>> another written definition will include other characteristics.
>> Generally, we find some common
>> included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
>> endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
>> axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
>> anything caught in the motion is drawn.
>> Definitions are usually always accompanied
>> with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
>> of which very little is known.
>> I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
>> primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
>> resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
>> cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
>> aging and death segments of its time duration.
>> It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
>> shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
>> about a common center to a conical shape
>> and back to planar rings again as one force
>> gains preponderance, then the other force, and
>> takes the process from stillness to maximum
>> motion and then back to stillness.
>> Most observations of the vortex pattern are
>> incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
>> cone. This represents one phase of an overall
>> appearance in a medium. It does not show the
>> motion interaction occurring inside the motion
>> body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
>> body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
>> of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
>> to the description of a wave.
>> FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
>> To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
>> of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
>> stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
>> all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
>> as an opposing movement attempting to
>> restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
>> in a radiative spiral outward from a common
>> center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
>> opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
>> spiral toward a common center. Its
>> movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
>> travel are always curved and spiral because of
>> the others’ resistance, continuously.
>> Resistance to movement from inertia causes
>> curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
>> Polarity is established as soon as there
>> is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
>> there is a division and with division there is
>> polarity.
>> Another mind picture: Picture the point being
>> acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
>> horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
>> resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
>> in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
>> the center point. The ring waves extend to a
>> maximum distance until the resistance
>> becomes predominant and pushes them back
>> toward the center.
>> Each rotating ring meets resistance which
>> compresses its dissipation and attempts to
>> restore an evacuated space. These rings are
>> observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
>> exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
>> an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
>> to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
>> beginning of vortex motion.
>> The opposing forces acting upon each other
>> set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
>> opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
>> side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
>> like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
>> forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
>> attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
>> may be restored out of the motion. Local
>> eddies always occur where two movements
>> come against each other, for example, whenever
>> two streams come against each other, or
>> where a moving flow meets a stationary object
>> such as water on a rock.
>> If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
>> to begin a curvature back to a central
>> point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
>> not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
>> as our technology does. Nature was wise
>> enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
>> possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
>> back to the source, the center, to insure that the
>> instability and tensions that were created could
>> be forever repeated so work could be performed.
>> The concentric rings rotating about the
>> sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
>> between each one in series. The first
>> ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
>> tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
>> of deflection to throw back to the center, when
>> the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
>> This causes more numbers of tiny local
>> boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
>> rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
>> against inertia.
>> The second ring has less centrifugal force or
>> outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
>> raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
>> amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
>> number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
>> however, they can be larger in diameter
>> and rotate faster because the ring is already
>> of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
>> to aid the centripetal throw back.
>> If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
>> to come from the center source (as from
>> a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
>> eventually the surrounding rings close to the
>> central point are pushed further apart, weakening
>> the centripetal ability. Every force has a
>> binding field, even in an open system. Even a
>> non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
>> movement meets a boundary wall and curves
>> against its direction and begins to loop back
>> upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
>> curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
>> a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
>> in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
>> according to their curvature, focal length,
>> etc., come into plan and influence whatever
>> passes through them. The undulations and
>> small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
>> rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
>> of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
>> or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
>> off either toward the centrifugal direction or
>> toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
>> push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
>> which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
>> multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
>> central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
>> not throw off much on their periphery, but they
>> orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
>> help the centripetal force hold the momentum
>> there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
>> faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
>> ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
>> (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
>> because they throw off more along their periphery.
>> When the inward compression (centripetal)
>> force is predominant the amplitude of each
>> shock wave increases and moves the whole
>> series of waves toward the center, compacting
>> the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
>> results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
>> to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
>> again, up and down. This movement
>> meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
>> and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
>> axis.
>> COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
>> We now have a picture of a vortex formation
>> from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
>> directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
>> to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
>> directions of motion interacting within, setting
>> up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
>> boundary walls and naturally establishing
>> a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
>> which represents the pulsation battle occurring
>> between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
>> spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
>> The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
>> Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
>> own resistance and has its equal and opposite
>> potential motion body to unite, propagate and
>> return to stillness.
>> Very briefly, let us go through the aging
>> process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
>> consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
>> drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
>> and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
>> slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
>> then as the outward, resistance force
>> takes preponderance the vortex widens and
>> flattens, as in the drawings.
>> Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
>> closer together and then is pushed further
>> apart.
>> Each concentric spiral is centered around a
>> vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
>> vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
>> becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
>> wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
>> and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
>> axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
>> on a plane.
>> The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
>> in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
>> forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
>> shape again.
>> The contest between the two forces develops
>> pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
>> different pressures, different densities, and
>> potentials, and holds them in concentrated
>> form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
>> At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
>> rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
>> which act as lenses affecting the passage from
>> one layer to the next in series as described.
>> Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
>> space? We always must! We have three axes
>> to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
>> is where rotation occurs around the center,
>> where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
>> centrifugal force can express in preponderance
>> to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
>> through dissipation, separation and explosion.
>> Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
>> forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
>> one plane of stillness.
>> The second axis is the vertical one which is
>> the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
>> is lengthened when the centripetal force
>> expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
>> be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
>> in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
>> solid matter back to an energy transformation
>> through implosion.
>> In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
>> perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
>> only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
>> duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
>> a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
>> a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
>> from one end of its swing to the other end.
>> Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
>> stages between the perfect axis alignment.
>> Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
>> motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
>> force, thus the wobble of the vertical
>> axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
>> no motion and no work expressed in the
>> Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
>> ARE because of the battle between the two
>> forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
>> process from stillness to maximum motion and
>> back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
>> two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
>> to cause work or motion.
>> Motion bodies and matter have different
>> characteristics and manifestations according to
>> which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
>> which axis) is predominant.
>> The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
>> It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
>> matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
>> crystallized along the way. However, all matter
>> is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
>> Vortexes and matter are very different as their
>> vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
>> operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
>> motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
>> rather than when they are oblated in the plane
>> of the centrifugal force.
>> Another component readily observable in
>> vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
>> can be anything from a mere depression which
>> does not extend the full depth of the vortex
>> movement, to a very fine line which centers the
>> motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
>> is hard to measure because it is constantly
>> wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
>> and contracting. However, a black hole centers
>> every vortex movement.
>> Among the varied phenomena observed
>> connected to the hole are disorientation of
>> polarized instruments such as compasses, the
>> inability of electrical equipment to operate as
>> reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
>> and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
>> tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
>> been experienced close to the vortex hole
>> which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
>> in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
>> water and even burning particles have been
>> observed shooting out of the center hole. The
>> hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
>> which causes water to “evaporate” at
>> room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
>> implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
>> A phenomena attributed to the center
>> eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
>> of matter like a pole or stick found
>> inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
>> deposit it there, just like it grew there.
>> Each of these phenomena I will take up in
>> future articles. Each has an explanation and
>> each can be copied for very useful purposes
>> when the Engineering of machines are based
>> upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
>> basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
>> MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
>> Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
>> the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
>> toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
>> Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
>> straight course because of resistance. We
>> know there are different density layers separated
>> by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
>> along the edges. We know there is rotation in
>> every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
>> know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
>> for every layer and particle, just like our
>> planetary system.
>> In our planetary system the planets close to
>> the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
>> centripetally influenced. They are colder,
>> their layers are packed more densely, their
>> shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
>> they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
>> they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
>> of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
>> planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
>> are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
>> observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
>> fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
>> debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
>> A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
>> system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
>> layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
>> each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
>> according to its attributes of density, temperature,
>> volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
>> or valence, etc.
>> So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
>> physical quantities like mass of varying
>> densities, momentum and energy through
>> them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
>> velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
>> and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
>> boundary layer eddies which occur along the
>> skin of each layer and act as lenses.
>> Depending upon the nature of predominance of
>> centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
>> acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
>> , the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
>> into the next layer or thrown outward to the
>> adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
>> process goes on just as a selection process for
>> the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
>> cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
>> eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
>> rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
>> The small eddies which occur by shear
>> forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
>> and mix the edges. According to their distance
>> from the center of a vortex their motion is more
>> centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
>> on the outer layers. Each type of motion
>> influences the character of atoms, molecules
>> and particles by influencing such things as density,
>> volume, tempertaure and many other
>> dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
>> upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
>> lowered and the density increased by
>> packing the layers closer together. This prepares
>> the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
>> layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
>> action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
>> is increased, its temperature is raised and
>> its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
>> more suitable for the outside adjacent.
>> The laminar layers of a vortex have different
>> temperatures, densities, specific weights and
>> speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
>> temperature and volume and show an example
>> of how these factors, when changed can influence
>> flow between the layers in a vortex of
>> water.
>> Water flowing in a natural underground channel
>> will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
>> layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
>> layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
>> depending on the geological lay of the earth
>> may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
>> degrees.
>> The water that has adapted to this layer (4
>> degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
>> of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
>> water is less dense, because it has a higher
>> temperature and an expanded volume.
>> This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
>> by layers of different densities. These less
>> dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
>> pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
>> longitudinal flow.
>> The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
>> the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
>> while pressure from the upper water layer and
>> the water layer from below persists. No single
>> water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
>> 1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
>> the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
>> with vortexian action in the minute boundary
>> layer zone to become one with it. In this way
>> more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
>> then runs off. In this way it is possible that
>> water can exit as a spring close to the top of
>> high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
>> the earth’s surface always show temperatures
>> close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
>> may assume that the movement of the spring
>> water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
>> degrees C has reached its maximum density
>> and can not be more compressed. It would,
>> under additional pressure rather give way to the
>> surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
>> increases according to the pressure.
>> Enormous masses of water are pushed or
>> pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
>> from far below by the temperature differences
>> of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
>> to make water move.
>> Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
>> from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
>> flow.
>> It may be asked at this point why the outside
>> layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
>> perform the same function of shooting the
>> inside layers forward with momentum.
>> Remember, every particle of water is bound to
>> move with a certain speed, depending on its
>> specific weight, and its specific weight is either
>> decreased by warmer temperatures, or
>> increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
>> running water in a conventional pipe
>> increases its friction and decreases the specific
>> weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
>> atom, making it more difficult for an increased
>> volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
>> the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
>> of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
>> changing tiny eddies between layers; which
>> can alter the physical characteristics of the
>> atoms themselves and prepare them for the
>> next inside layer. Here is another instance
>> where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
>> its advantage.
>> VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
>> All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
>> controls and disperses energy and
>> mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
>> higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
>> is literally twisted together just as strands of a
>> rope are twisted together to form strength and
>> solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
>> which controls creation, appearance and decreation
>> and disappearance. In the field of
>> Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
>> positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
>> neutrons can become protons and protons
>> become neutrons millions of times a second. It
>> is recognized that mass can be changed
>> between two opposites. A proton is positive at
>> one instant and is negative at the next instant
>> and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
>> and conditions are recognized and known to
>> fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
>> dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
>> force is dominant so they are defined by
>> their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
>> elements can be totally different in their characteristics
>> such as the example of carbon, which
>> can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
>> and soft like graphite in other conditions.
>> What is not known is that the changing of those
>> conditions is directly controlled by the action of
>> the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
>> whatever is impressed upon the field of the
>> mass within.
>> When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
>> it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
>> density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
>> axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
>> charge, reduces its temperature, changes
>> its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
>> increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
>> reduces its ionization, and several
>> other attributes of its character, which are all
>> results of the type of motion in its field.
>> If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
>> which is within it is influenced by separating,
>> expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
>> shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
>> axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
>> is increased, its temperature is increased, it
>> becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
>> its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
>> opposite.
>> When a vortex motion body is subjected to
>> an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
>> solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
>> cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
>> rod, each ring layer along with the local
>> eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
>> force and will lose some of their centripetal
>> force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
>> mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
>> and breaking apart which occurs along
>> the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
>> and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
>> of Nature, for instance water and air.
>> The above dissolution and expansion can be
>> reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
>> the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
>> choice of creation or de-creation can be
>> demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
>> On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
>> central rod) a square is made with powder. The
>> shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
>> way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
>> until it is completely pulled apart and no
>> longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
>> reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
>> as if a movie were reversed.
>> The control of matter, form and energy can
>> be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
>> of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
>> of the vortex and how to engineer with
>> it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
>> the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
>> determines which force is predominant. We
>> know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
>> vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
>> to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
>> motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
>> as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
>> influence, friction, etc. We know that a
>> fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
>> rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
>> though characteristics of greater vorticity or
>> velocity being at the center is copied here, the
>> shock waves and rings are radiating along the
>> horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
>> but instead decrease, the vortex will never
>> create a center hole where vacuum suction can
>> occur. So the question becomes how can we
>> Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
>> to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
>> force predominant?
>> *****
>>
>> What is Heat #3
>>
>> For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of
>>
>> heating and cooling associated with the phase change of
>>
>> liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of
>>
>> electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this
>>
>> interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted
>>
>> from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My
>>
>> line of thinking really took off back when I experimented
>>
>> with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in
>>
>> electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most
>>
>> people do not understand how these devices move thermal
>>
>> energy through a current flow across a semiconductor
>>
>> junction.Historically we find that German physicist,
>>
>> Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was
>>
>> applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that
>>
>> electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier
>>
>> discovered that when a direct current was applied to two
>>
>> Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not
>>
>> Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of
>>
>> Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of
>>
>> Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then
>>
>> Melted when the polarity of the direct current was
>>
>> Reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100
>>
>> Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor
>>
>> Materials which could provide the wide temperature
>>
>> Differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became
>>
>> Available which revived the electric cooling principles.In
>>
>> The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling
>>
>> Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a
>>
>> Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced
>>
>> Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore
>>
>> Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical
>>
>> Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high
>>
>> Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first
>>
>> Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years
>>
>> ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a
>>
>> small temperature differential across the device a weak
>>
>> current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing
>>
>> the differential provided a proportional increase in current
>>
>> and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the
>>
>> wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on
>>
>> the Keely Net BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of
>>
>> how electron flow could move thermal energy across the
>>
>> junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving
>>
>> thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly
>>
>> reversible situation based on polarity.
>>
>> Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in
>>
>> refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase
>>
>> change material such as water and refrigerants.We have
>>
>> always been led to believe that evaporating water provided
>>
>> cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same
>>
>> mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the
>>
>> condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would
>>
>> you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change
>>
>> provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840
>>
>> Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on
>>
>> escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one
>>
>> of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.
>>
>> Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with
>>
>> the electrical output resulting from the steam friction
>>
>> passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)
>>
>> Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the
>>
>> phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and
>>
>> not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or
>>
>> gain electrons in the process which accounts for the
>>
>> discrepancy in the energy equation when a material
>>
>> transitions between phases.More energy is present after
>>
>> the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The
>>
>> text book stated that this phenomenon could not be
>>
>> explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by
>>
>> Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a
>>
>> Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change
>>
>> of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is
>>
>> totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions
>>
>> were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an
>>
>> electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental
>>
>> question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool
>>
>> that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence
>>
>> of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at
>>
>> a very simple example of heating which may explain this
>>
>> process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is
>>
>> heated because electrons in the material are converted to
>>
>> photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light
>>
>> leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The
>>
>> more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.Now
>>
>> the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water
>>
>> from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a
>>
>> net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the
>>
>> ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame
>>
>> (ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons
>>
>> which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic
>>
>> structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.
>>
>> Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current
>>
>> across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy
>>
>> (ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or
>>
>> absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to
>>
>> how the process works.All phase change processes work the
>>
>> same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical
>>
>> processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is
>>
>> an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level
>>
>> based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.
>>
>> At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago
>>
>> we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in
>>
>> which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the
>>
>> cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on
>>
>> negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly
>>
>> cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a
>>
>> very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion
>>
>> generator operates at very high voltages with very little
>>
>> current involved.It is possible to develop this ion
>>
>> transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical
>>
>> output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember
>>
>> that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal
>>
>> differential will cause a development of current and voltage
>>
>> as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will
>>
>> provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.
>>
>> Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line
>>
>> of experimentation.Norm
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> ( 1of1)
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> United States Patent
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 6,386,751
>>>
>>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> May 14, 2002
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>
>>> Abstract
>>>
>>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Inventors:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>
>>> Assignee:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>
>>> Appl. No.:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 08/957,530
>>>
>>> Filed:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> October 24, 1997
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Current U.S. Class:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>
>>> Current International Class:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>
>>> Field of Search:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> References Cited _[Referenced By] 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> U.S. Patent Documents
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
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>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _1650561 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F1650561>_
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
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>>> Deniston
>>>
>>>
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>>> _3333771 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3333771>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> August 1967
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> Graham
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _3791349 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>_
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> February 1974
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Schaefer
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _4004553 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4004553>_
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> January 1977
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> Stenson
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _4128342 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4128342>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> December 1978
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Renk
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _4136971 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4136971>_
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> January 1979
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> Varlamov et al.
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _4143639 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> March 1979
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Frenette
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _4361414 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4361414>_
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> November 1982
>>>
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>>>
>>> Nemes et al.
>>>
>>>
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>>>
>>> _4424797 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>_
>>>
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>>>
>>> January 1984
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> Perkins
>>>
>>>
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>>>
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>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4778336>_
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>>>
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>>>
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>>>
>>> Husain
>>>
>>>
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>>>
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>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5188090>_
>>>
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>>>
>>> February 1993
>>>
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>>>
>>> Griggs
>>>
>>>
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>>>
>>> _5263774 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5263774>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> November 1993
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Delcourt
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _5419306 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> May 1995
>>>
>>> 	
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>>>
>>> Huffman
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _5590961 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> January 1997
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Rasmussen
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _5782556 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> July 1998
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Chu
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _5810052 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> September 1998
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Kozyuk
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Other References
>>>
>>>
>>> Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 
>>> [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
>>> <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
>>> Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
>>> site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>>>
>>>
>>> /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
>>> /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
>>> /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, 
>>> L.L.P.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> /Claims/
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> What is claimed is:
>>>
>>> 1. A diffuser comprising:
>>>
>>> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>>
>>> a second member having a first side positioned relative to said 
>>> surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through 
>>> which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel 
>>> flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet 
>>> through a second side of said second member is introduced, said 
>>> diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path 
>>> is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout 
>>> operation thereof; and
>>>
>>> means for moving said first material through said channel relative 
>>> to said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first 
>>> material within said channel to diffuse said second material into 
>>> said first material.
>>>
>>> 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a 
>>> surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>>>
>>> 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
>>> disturbances comprise impressions.
>>>
>>> 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.
>>>
>>> 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.
>>>
>>> 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances 
>>> comprise protrusions.
>>>
>>> 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>>>
>>> 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.
>>>
>>> 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first 
>>> member and said second member has one or more orifices formed 
>>> therein to pass said second material into said channel prior to 
>>> mixing with said first material.
>>>
>>> 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
>>> first member and said second member for passing two different 
>>> materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.
>>>
>>> 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for 
>>> drawing said first and second materials through said channel.
>>>
>>> 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for 
>>> driving said first and second materials through said channel.
>>>
>>> 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>>> cylindrical shape.
>>>
>>> 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.
>>>
>>> 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical 
>>> shape.
>>>
>>> 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>>> spherical shape.
>>>
>>> 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>>> hemispherical shape.
>>>
>>> 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
>>> against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or 
>>> more discrete frequencies.
>>>
>>> 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
>>> comprising the steps of:
>>>
>>> inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel 
>>> formed between a first member and a first side of a second member, 
>>> wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said 
>>> first inlet to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;
>>>
>>> inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
>>> member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and
>>>
>>> moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
>>> cause said first and second materials to be compressed and 
>>> decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within 
>>> said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.
>>>
>>> 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second 
>>> members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>>>
>>> 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.
>>>
>>> 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.
>>>
>>> 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances 
>>> positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first 
>>> material at a known frequency.
>>>
>>> 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with surface disturbances 
>>> positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said 
>>> first material at respective discrete frequencies.
>>>
>>> 25. A diffuser comprising:
>>>
>>> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>>
>>> a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
>>> disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a 
>>> channel thorough which a first material flows between said 
>>> respective member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;
>>>
>>> a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said 
>>> channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially 
>>> continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said 
>>> channel throughout operation thereof;
>>>
>>> a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
>>> surface of said second member such that said second material is 
>>> input through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first 
>>> material; and
>>>
>>> a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
>>> other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
>>> material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into 
>>> said first material.
>>>
>>> 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid 
>>> and said second material is a gas.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> /Description/
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>>>
>>> Not Applicable
>>>
>>> STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>>>
>>> Not Applicable
>>>
>>> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>> 1. Technical Field
>>>
>>> This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more 
>>> particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying 
>>> a gas or liquid into a material.
>>>
>>> 2. Description of the Related Art
>>>
>>> In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
>>> material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is 
>>> a subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one 
>>> liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will 
>>> not mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the 
>>> diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities 
>>> aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to 
>>> stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of 
>>> biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the 
>>> amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to 
>>> sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic 
>>> matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such 
>>> as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>>>
>>> There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine 
>>> aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller 
>>> which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be 
>>> sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system 
>>> produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and 
>>> subjects the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX 
>>> device have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen 
>>> (approximately 20 ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. 
>>> Naturally occurring levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 
>>> ppm maximum, which is considered to be a level of 100% dissolved 
>>> oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content of the 
>>> water. The increased oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to 
>>> reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.
>>>
>>> Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
>>> oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
>>> wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion 
>>> would be increased and the amount of time need for biological 
>>> remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater 
>>> treatment facilities.
>>>
>>> Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
>>> diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.
>>>
>>> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>> In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having 
>>> a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
>>> positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
>>> through which a first material and a second material may flow. The 
>>> first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to 
>>> create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the 
>>> second material into the first material.
>>>
>>> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
>>> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
>>> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
>>> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
>>> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and 
>>> shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical 
>>> device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave 
>>> produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to 
>>> break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. 
>>> Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly 
>>> throughout a material for consistent diffusion.
>>>
>>> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>>>
>>> For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
>>> advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following 
>>> descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in 
>>> which:
>>>
>>> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially 
>>> block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>>>
>>> FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
>>> diffuser;
>>>
>>> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
>>> diffuser;
>>>
>>> FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>>>
>>> FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator 
>>> assembly in a second embodiment of the invention;
>>>
>>> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment 
>>> of the invention;
>>>
>>> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the 
>>> invention;
>>>
>>> FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for 
>>> generating the diffusion; and
>>>
>>> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the 
>>> invention.
>>>
>>> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>> The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of 
>>> the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the 
>>> various drawings.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
>>> cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
>>> diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
>>> (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or 
>>> liquid material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material 
>>> may be a normally solid material which is heated or otherwise 
>>> processed to be in a liquid or gaseous state during the 
>>> diffusion/emulsification process.
>>>
>>> A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both 
>>> ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. 
>>> A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the 
>>> interior of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which 
>>> rotates the rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality 
>>> of openings 22 formed therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 
>>> 1a. In the preferred embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow 
>>> orifice 24 and a larger borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the 
>>> boreholes 26 can assume various shapes including straight (as shown 
>>> in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 1) or curved.
>>>
>>> A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between 
>>> the rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. 
>>> The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A 
>>> housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second 
>>> infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the 
>>> housing 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the 
>>> channel 32. Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the 
>>> housing 34. An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 
>>> 32 to a pump 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may 
>>> also be driven by motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.
>>>
>>> In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material 
>>> through inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the 
>>> host material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host 
>>> material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and 
>>> second infusion materials are introduced to the host material 
>>> through openings 22. The infusion materials may be pressurized at 
>>> their source to prevent the host material from passing through 
>>> openings 22.
>>>
>>> The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for 
>>> the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different 
>>> infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. 
>>> Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into 
>>> both inlets.
>>>
>>> In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high 
>>> levels of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host 
>>> material. Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water as 
>>> the host material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen 
>>> in the water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.
>>>
>>> The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion 
>>> is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described 
>>> in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a 
>>> smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin 
>>> boundary layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of 
>>> the surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary 
>>> surface. The openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can 
>>> cause compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure 
>>> during the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation 
>>> bubbles) will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate 
>>> a rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area 
>>> of low pressure draws the host material and the infusion material, 
>>> as shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely 
>>> high pressures result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a 
>>> succusion (shock wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The 
>>> energy associated with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion 
>>> material and the host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps 
>>> at the molecular level.
>>>
>>> The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings 
>>> that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the 
>>> device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic 
>>> frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed 
>>> that operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies 
>>> provides the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding 
>>> angle of the fluid molecule, which enables it to transport 
>>> additional infusion materials which it would not normally be able to 
>>> retain. The frequency at which the diffuser operates appears to 
>>> affect the degree of diffusion, leading to much longer persistence 
>>> of the infusion material in the host material.
>>>
>>> In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
>>> desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case 
>>> of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
>>> succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
>>> (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can 
>>> be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the 
>>> sub-structures at a high efficiency.
>>>
>>> Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 
>>> 10. In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical 
>>> reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a 
>>> piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem 
>>> associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound 
>>> waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; 
>>> rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the device 
>>> itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be 
>>> produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical device.
>>>
>>> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 
>>> and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
>>> rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
>>> (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
>>> disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a 
>>> different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. 
>>> In similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays 
>>> of openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To 
>>> ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays 
>>> will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a 
>>> given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the 
>>> number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. 
>>> Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced 
>>> around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 
>>> openings spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>>>
>>> As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array 
>>> will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly 
>>> choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference interference 
>>> pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This 
>>> spectrum of frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where 
>>> unknown impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and 
>>> oxidized.
>>>
>>> FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
>>> stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form 
>>> the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 
>>> uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can 
>>> be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each 
>>> borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 
>>> 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then 
>>> placed in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 
>>> 30. Other methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the 
>>> stator 30.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 
>>> 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated 
>>> in these figures.
>>>
>>> FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment 
>>> where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b 
>>> illustrates a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is 
>>> formed above and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 
>>> have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
>>> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by 
>>> the motor. As before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one 
>>> opening more or less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in 
>>> order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings within an 
>>> array, The openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. 
>>> A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk 
>>> shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 
>>> between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second 
>>> infusion material. As the host material flows in the channel 32 
>>> between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the 
>>> vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of 
>>> the first and second materials with the host material. The infused 
>>> host material passes to outlets 40.
>>>
>>> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
>>> plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the 
>>> rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at 
>>> different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 
>>> would be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding 
>>> openings would be formed above and below these openings on the 
>>> stator 30.
>>>
>>> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
>>> where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 
>>> 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
>>> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by 
>>> the motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of 
>>> the rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the 
>>> conical shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the 
>>> stator 30 at the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 
>>> may have one opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to 
>>> prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same 
>>> array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the 
>>> disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an 
>>> area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second 
>>> infusion material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 
>>> and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the 
>>> openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second 
>>> materials with the host material. The infused host material passes 
>>> to outlets 40.
>>>
>>> In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of 
>>> openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of 
>>> multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any 
>>> number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and 
>>> spherical shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>>>
>>> The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of 
>>> applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and 
>>> borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator 
>>> diameters may be dependent upon the application of the device.
>>>
>>> As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. 
>>> In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and 
>>> second infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the 
>>> wastewater (or other water needing aeration) as described in 
>>> connection with FIG. 1. It has been found that the diffuser can 
>>> increase the oxygenation to approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, 
>>> with greater concentrations expected as parameters are optimized for 
>>> this application. In tests which circulated approximately twenty 
>>> five gallons of municipal water at ambient temperatures (initially 
>>> having a reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for 
>>> five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced 
>>> concentration of oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen 
>>> for a period of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 
>>> 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained 
>>> above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The 
>>> sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and 0.25 
>>> inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor having 
>>> sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly increase the 
>>> oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>>>
>>> Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of 
>>> other toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion 
>>> materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In 
>>> this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures 
>>> in the host material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. 
>>> Further, as described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by 
>>> the arrays of openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used 
>>> to provide an destructive interference pattern which would break 
>>> down many of the complex structures into smaller substructures. 
>>> Alternatively, if the treatment was directed towards oxidation of a 
>>> single known hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a 
>>> single frequency which was known to successfully break down the 
>>> structure. Conversely, a set of frequencies which result in a 
>>> constructive interference pattern could be used to combine two or 
>>> more compounds into a more complex and highly structured substance.
>>>
>>> For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and 
>>> second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.
>>>
>>> While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in 
>>> connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater 
>>> remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such 
>>> as drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>>>
>>> The diffuser could also be used for other applications where 
>>> diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the 
>>> characteristics of the host material. Examples of such applications 
>>> would include the homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of 
>>> oils. Other applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing 
>>> fuel and gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
>>> stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, 
>>> the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
>>> rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one 
>>> of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion 
>>> material through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an 
>>> infusion material); the component which does not pass an infusion 
>>> material has its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the 
>>> turbulence. The cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the 
>>> boreholes 26 without the accompanying orifices 24.
>>>
>>> In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is 
>>> passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the 
>>> borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous 
>>> embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the 
>>> borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material 
>>> along the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and 
>>> rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the 
>>> micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion 
>>> produced by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation 
>>> bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles 
>>> grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by 
>>> the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
>>> produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion 
>>> of the infusion materials into the host material as it passes 
>>> through the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and 
>>> the host material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and 
>>> resultant shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above 
>>> will result.
>>>
>>> FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the 
>>> host material and one or more infusion materials is performed 
>>> outside of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or 
>>> other device) is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion 
>>> material(s) and the host material. The mixture is input into the 
>>> channel 32 between the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the 
>>> compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause 
>>> cavitation in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the 
>>> shock waves.
>>>
>>> Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
>>> performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown 
>>> in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are 
>>> surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host 
>>> material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a 
>>> protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance 
>>> in place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other 
>>> than rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves 
>>> (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to 
>>> generate the cavitation and shock waves.
>>>
>>> As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
>>> generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
>>> rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
>>> disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather 
>>> than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the 
>>> cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be 
>>> formed on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. 
>>> Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both 
>>> the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to 
>>> create the cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the 
>>> device 10 will be more efficient if both surfaces are used.
>>>
>>> FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
>>> cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with 
>>> entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of the 
>>> rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 
>>> is formed between two walls 66 which are static relative to one 
>>> another, one or both of which have surface disturbances facing the 
>>> channel 32. The host material is driven through the channel at high 
>>> speed using a pump or other device for creating a high speed flow. 
>>> One or more infusion materials are input into the channel, either 
>>> through orifices 24 or by mixing the host material with the infusion 
>>> materials external to the channel. The high speed of the host 
>>> material relative to the walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and 
>>> succussions described above.
>>>
>>> As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, 
>>> through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host 
>>> material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh 
>>> would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material 
>>> flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions 
>>> would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the 
>>> host material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into 
>>> the host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating 
>>> member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. 
>>> The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 
>>> 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 
>>> or other device. The rotating member could be, for example, 
>>> propeller or auger shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 
>>> has one or more surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of 
>>> the rotating member 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, 
>>> thereby causing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. 
>>> The shape of the propeller blades and pattern of the surface 
>>> disturbances 76 thereon could create the cavitation and succussion 
>>> at a desired frequency for purposes described above. Further, the 
>>> shape of the rotating device could draw the materials through the 
>>> conduit.
>>>
>>> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
>>> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
>>> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
>>> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
>>> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and 
>>> shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical 
>>> device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave 
>>> produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to 
>>> break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. 
>>> Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly 
>>> throughout a material for consistent diffusion.
>>>
>>> Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed 
>>> to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
>>> embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested 
>>> to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any 
>>> modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope 
>>> of the Claims.
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off 
>>>> and take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 
>>>> 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
>>>> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>>>
>>>> “Sonodiffuser”
>>>>
>>>> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>>>
>>>> 9/24/2012
>>>>
>>>> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” 
>>>> truth behind the research, conception, development and disposition 
>>>> of the “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
>>>> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
>>>> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
>>>> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
>>>> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent 
>>>> shown below, the Inventor!
>>>>
>>>> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> ( 1of1)
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> United States Patent
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 6,386,751
>>>>
>>>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> May 14, 2002
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>>
>>>> Abstract
>>>>
>>>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>>>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>>>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>>>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>>>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>>>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>>>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in 
>>>> the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single 
>>>> frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation 
>>>> may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host 
>>>> material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex 
>>>> molecular structures.
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Inventors:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>>
>>>> Assignee:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>>
>>>> Appl. No.:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 08/957,530
>>>>
>>>> Filed:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> October 24, 1997
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Current U.S. Class:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>>
>>>> Current International Class:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>>
>>>> Field of Search:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and 
>>>> Development for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find 
>>>> new and exciting energy technologies that could be developed and 
>>>> employed in the average home in order to improve efficiency and 
>>>> lower cost of maintaining the living environment at the desired 
>>>> comfort level. It was during this exhaustive search that I happened 
>>>> to find the domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, 
>>>> Patent #4143639 
>>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
>>>> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
>>>> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
>>>> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
>>>> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
>>>> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
>>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
>>>> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
>>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
>>>> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
>>>> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on 
>>>> a “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous 
>>>> output.My next find was very interesting for it has shown that a 
>>>> former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive 
>>>> device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with 
>>>> help from several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA 
>>>> Engineers and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. 
>>>> Outputting more energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy 
>>>> in kWh electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs 
>>>> because of the similarities between the two devices and eventually 
>>>> Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to “prior art”.
>>>>
>>>> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
>>>> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could 
>>>> possibly violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype 
>>>> (still have it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical 
>>>> section housing the rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be 
>>>> able to see what type of action is taking place between the 
>>>> rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With water flowing through 
>>>> the operating device, I bathed the frothy looking water (what you 
>>>> see in your blender when set on puree) with coherent light LASER, 
>>>> HeNe and at the same time used a high speed strobe tach to “stop 
>>>> action” the rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I 
>>>> saw literally millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with 
>>>> the open end of one attached to the rotor and the other open end 
>>>> connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the 
>>>> center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together at the 
>>>> tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused by 
>>>> micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This 
>>>> cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.A 
>>>> micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” with pressures 
>>>> approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is proven by the 
>>>> fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into 
>>>> atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs 
>>>> at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light 
>>>> spectrum.The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the 
>>>> cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire 
>>>> device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found 
>>>> by NASA investigation.
>>>>
>>>> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
>>>> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
>>>> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method 
>>>> was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse 
>>>> oxygen into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins 
>>>> Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex 
>>>> generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed 
>>>> higher level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
>>>>
>>>> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including 
>>>> Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the 
>>>> oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was 
>>>> immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. 
>>>> Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about 
>>>> “sonochemistry”. He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and 
>>>> wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of 
>>>> promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new 
>>>> rotary device, larger but with same design features.I designed all 
>>>> the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the 
>>>> immediate neighborhood.About a week later everything was finished 
>>>> at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new 
>>>> prototype.On our first runs of the new prototype we saw very high 
>>>> levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for it remained 
>>>> combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% oxygen 
>>>> levels.Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and 
>>>> bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop 
>>>> this technology into a viable product.Ann Wilson joined our new 
>>>> company which became “Life Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was 
>>>> brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while 
>>>> Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation 
>>>> and begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent 
>>>> application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the 
>>>> complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked 
>>>> with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the 
>>>> process was initiated.
>>>>
>>>> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
>>>> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of 
>>>> Bobby Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville 
>>>> Tesla Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby 
>>>> Burris said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was 
>>>> interested in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann 
>>>> Wilson brought Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an 
>>>> investment of $80,000.When the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony 
>>>> wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest 
>>>> and Bobby Burris had a 25% share interest.I had no money so my 
>>>> intellectual property and developmental work comprised my 24% share 
>>>> interest.I still have the original Corp documents with shares in 
>>>> “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary shareholder meetings 
>>>> and other legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.
>>>>
>>>> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
>>>> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
>>>> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
>>>> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent 
>>>> application, Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I 
>>>> suspected. When more than one inventor is shown on a patent, 
>>>> alphabet order comes into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan 
>>>> alphabetically, he was shown as first inventor.“No way” was I going 
>>>> to allow that!Ann Wilson was witness to the fact that I buried the 
>>>> head of a ball peened hammer into a lab table top and told Tony 
>>>> Woods that would be his “head” if he did not immediately change the 
>>>> order of the inventors. All of this technology was mine from the 
>>>> very start and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the 
>>>> instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>>>>
>>>> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen 
>>>> levels as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show 
>>>> places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown 
>>>> hydroponically without having to drain them down for root exposure 
>>>> to oxygen.Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable 
>>>> vitality and growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>>>>
>>>> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen 
>>>> to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
>>>> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
>>>> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the 
>>>> skin.
>>>>
>>>> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
>>>> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We 
>>>> proved that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion 
>>>> rate and colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We 
>>>> experimented successfully with ground water remediation in 
>>>> contaminated wells.We also demonstrated the ability to break 
>>>> complex molecular structures (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into 
>>>> water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by 
>>>> diffusing nitrogen into the water which stripped out all oxygen. 
>>>> This process is valuable in the growth of algae for oxygen is an 
>>>> algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of light, water and CO2. 
>>>> Which makes it an aerobic process.
>>>>
>>>> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>>>
>>>> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>>>
>>>> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>>>
>>>> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, 
>>>> Tony Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>>>>
>>>> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
>>>> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our 
>>>> CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of 
>>>> nitrogen.
>>>>
>>>> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor 
>>>>> led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. 
>>>>> (SIUC)
>>>>>
>>>>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>>>>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* 
>>>>> at *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are 
>>>>> pleased to announce the expansion of the scope of their current 
>>>>> collaboration to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for 
>>>>> DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle Program.Consistent with the 
>>>>> goals and focus of this unique interdisciplinary effort, 
>>>>> *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a */Strategic Alliance 
>>>>> Agreement/* to collaborate in the development, application and 
>>>>> commercialization, through licensing, of application specific, 
>>>>> architectural combinations of design, construction, materials, 
>>>>> fabrication, and process variables to meet identified operational 
>>>>> component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite 
>>>>> Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.
>>>>>
>>>>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low 
>>>>> Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite 
>>>>> Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the 
>>>>> development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production 
>>>>> and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid 
>>>>> Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” Composite Friction Material that has 
>>>>> demonstrated break through performance improvements.
>>>>>
>>>>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>>>>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials 
>>>>> which has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 
>>>>> 1 and other high energy friction applications for more than thirty 
>>>>> (30) years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized 
>>>>> below.
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>>>
>>>>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>>>>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>>>>> Practically Eliminated
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for 
>>>>> All Energy Loading Conditions
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>>>>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid 
>>>>> HMCC System
>>>>>
>>>>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>>>>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>>>>> friction materials through the development partnering 
>>>>> relationships with recognized friction material manufacturers to 
>>>>> facilitate; introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic 
>>>>> benefits.As the commercial and industrial markets are large and 
>>>>> varied, the need exists to tailor each end-use considering 
>>>>> specific application operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. 
>>>>> requirements.
>>>>>
>>>>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners 
>>>>> _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as 
>>>>> exemplified by :
>>>>>
>>>>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>>>>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>>>>
>>>>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet 
>>>>> Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>>>>
>>>>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>>>>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>>>>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can 
>>>>> be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>>>
>>>>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support 
>>>>> for each application specific component (Product) development
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>>>>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to 
>>>>> Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>>>>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>>>>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>>>>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>>>>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and 
>>>>> Cleaning Support Only!
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current 
>>>>> Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>>>
>>>>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>>>>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, 
>>>>> or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, 
>>>>> President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; 
>>>>> e-mail: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. 
>>>>> Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>>>>
>>>>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>>>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame 
>>>>>> for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>>>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this 
>>>>>> group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I 
>>>>>> have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, 
>>>>>> Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely 
>>>>>> as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share 
>>>>>> knowledge for the benefit of all.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green 
>>>>>> Energy Systems
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>>>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>>>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>>>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for 
>>>>>> making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type 
>>>>>> of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first 
>>>>>> prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able 
>>>>>> to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An 
>>>>>> Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin 
>>>>>> and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the 
>>>>>> Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up. 
>>>>>> I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo 
>>>>>> account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. 
>>>>>> ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, 
>>>>>> TX for the purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly 
>>>>>> contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the 
>>>>>> Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being 
>>>>>> represented by Her Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded 
>>>>>> at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two 
>>>>>> prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and 
>>>>>> drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor” from 
>>>>>> 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the 
>>>>>> construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so 
>>>>>> that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!I 
>>>>>> have provided you in previous documentation the background info 
>>>>>> on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with 
>>>>>> the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” 
>>>>>> test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor 
>>>>>> representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen 
>>>>>> Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million 
>>>>>> of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and 
>>>>>> purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite 
>>>>>> photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal 
>>>>>> action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes 
>>>>>> and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring 
>>>>>> of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the 
>>>>>> JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the 
>>>>>> technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to 
>>>>>> operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our 
>>>>>> intention to build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex 
>>>>>> Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the 
>>>>>> project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his 
>>>>>> heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left 
>>>>>> a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude 
>>>>>> for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent 
>>>>>> Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight 
>>>>>> and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole 
>>>>>> Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and 
>>>>>> Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of these 
>>>>>> documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX 
>>>>>> for our President to review.The same docs were provided to DOE, 
>>>>>> Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great 
>>>>>> deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>>>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green 
>>>>>> Energy Systems
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>>>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in 
>>>>>> the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever 
>>>>>> been written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest 
>>>>>> was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After 
>>>>>> doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I 
>>>>>> quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about 
>>>>>> or researching this device did not fully understand just how it 
>>>>>> worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and 
>>>>>> never divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” 
>>>>>> internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and 
>>>>>> found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended 
>>>>>> to work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix 
>>>>>> Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on 
>>>>>> steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was 
>>>>>> abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed 
>>>>>> in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.Due to 
>>>>>> my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully 
>>>>>> understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by 
>>>>>> Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same 
>>>>>> shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla 
>>>>>> Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent 
>>>>>> office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design 
>>>>>> that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and 
>>>>>> booster the operational efficiency and simplified the 
>>>>>> construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla 
>>>>>> Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine 
>>>>>> along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on 
>>>>>> display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question 
>>>>>> was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the 
>>>>>> IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer 
>>>>>> Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not 
>>>>>> heard of this before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and 
>>>>>> drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed 
>>>>>> disk utilized in the turbine.Since this turbine operates at such 
>>>>>> high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for 
>>>>>> runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite 
>>>>>> that would successfully operate in the required environment and 
>>>>>> would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at 
>>>>>> the micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the 
>>>>>> operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density 
>>>>>> refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed 
>>>>>> for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.To 
>>>>>> achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced 
>>>>>> Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping 
>>>>>> technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to 
>>>>>> achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal 
>>>>>> output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump 
>>>>>> Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next 
>>>>>> segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam 
>>>>>> turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high 
>>>>>> temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of 
>>>>>> thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators 
>>>>>> (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating 
>>>>>> system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low 
>>>>>> pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication 
>>>>>> and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance 
>>>>>> requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this 
>>>>>> System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be 
>>>>>> prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has 
>>>>>> such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>>>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 
>>>>>> 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a 
>>>>>> very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic 
>>>>>> heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all 
>>>>>> facets of heating and cooling technology including the various 
>>>>>> thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW 
>>>>>> has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. 
>>>>>> Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation 
>>>>>> in oil to produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later 
>>>>>> verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the 
>>>>>> US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.It was 
>>>>>> previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was 
>>>>>> impossible!NASA was right for I built a device based on the 
>>>>>> Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is 
>>>>>> micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the 
>>>>>> microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which 
>>>>>> there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and 
>>>>>> a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached is my 
>>>>>> Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was 
>>>>>> excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it 
>>>>>> later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of 
>>>>>> oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a 
>>>>>> “killer’ of algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic 
>>>>>> condition.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I 
>>>>>> jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I 
>>>>>> started prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power 
>>>>>> system that also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The 
>>>>>> total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power 
>>>>>> generation and used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating 
>>>>>> media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” 
>>>>>> System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be 
>>>>>> Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles of 
>>>>>> operation are unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of 
>>>>>> condensation” during the production of water from the air rounded 
>>>>>> out the heat sought in the process. All of these things work like 
>>>>>> a “charm” but are not currently being utilized.What a shame.When 
>>>>>> Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation that 
>>>>>> would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I 
>>>>>> proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of 
>>>>>> our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power 
>>>>>> plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat 
>>>>>> to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex 
>>>>>> turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an 
>>>>>> alternator to augment the power production of the central plant 
>>>>>> or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall 
>>>>>> efficiency of the power plant system would be increased by an 
>>>>>> additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown off” to the 
>>>>>> atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also an 
>>>>>> environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams 
>>>>>> etc.All of this we can fix!You will find all of this information 
>>>>>> in Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he 
>>>>>> would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. 
>>>>>> Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of music!Diffuser 
>>>>>> patent attached!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular 
>>>>>> System incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>>>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>>>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>>>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground 
>>>>>> storage in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line 
>>>>>> needs in CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and 
>>>>>> obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and 
>>>>>> systems.I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, 
>>>>>> powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and 
>>>>>> can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are 
>>>>>> limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting 
>>>>>> area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. 
>>>>>> Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very 
>>>>>> subject.Careful study revealed several factors that University 
>>>>>> Researchers do not know or understand.Ever wonder why most plant 
>>>>>> foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the 
>>>>>> chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun 
>>>>>> light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon 
>>>>>> molecules for cell growth!Now consider, after careful study you 
>>>>>> will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar spectrum 
>>>>>> (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.Now 
>>>>>> if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the 
>>>>>> leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, in 
>>>>>> fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” 
>>>>>> as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and 
>>>>>> anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim that 
>>>>>> we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light 
>>>>>> wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize 
>>>>>> growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
>>>>>> everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired 
>>>>>> output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more 
>>>>>> biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the 
>>>>>> LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel 
>>>>>> arrays.Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container 
>>>>>> like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the 
>>>>>> footprint.I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels 
>>>>>> and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid 
>>>>>> media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and 
>>>>>> fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow 
>>>>>> rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
>>>>>> calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in 
>>>>>> density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and 
>>>>>> nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered 
>>>>>> what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae 
>>>>>> growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for 
>>>>>> when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a 
>>>>>> byproduct.If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of 
>>>>>> losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono 
>>>>>> Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in 
>>>>>> sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to 
>>>>>> tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>>>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>>>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values 
>>>>>> caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for 
>>>>>> the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe 
>>>>>> the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the 
>>>>>> microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular 
>>>>>> light the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe 
>>>>>> laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when 
>>>>>> illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop 
>>>>>> action” and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the 
>>>>>> water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the 
>>>>>> almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the 
>>>>>> hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation 
>>>>>> which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.Thus I 
>>>>>> found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which 
>>>>>> is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a 
>>>>>> COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition of a 
>>>>>> “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I 
>>>>>> could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was 
>>>>>> persistent! Did not come out of solution!I did all kinds of 
>>>>>> research with highly oxygenated water to include ground water 
>>>>>> remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating 
>>>>>> plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain 
>>>>>> down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen 
>>>>>> absorption.The water contained super high levels of oxygen.This 
>>>>>> phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where 
>>>>>> fish will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” disease 
>>>>>> because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% 
>>>>>> and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the 
>>>>>> fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. 
>>>>>> I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my 
>>>>>> Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better 
>>>>>> “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the 
>>>>>> “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not 
>>>>>> infringe on the original Patent.I call that “thinking outside of 
>>>>>> the box” LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked 
>>>>>> forward to incorporating it into our System.I am an accomplished 
>>>>>> machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have 
>>>>>> spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.You 
>>>>>> are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military 
>>>>>> Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day 
>>>>>> I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land 
>>>>>> Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, 
>>>>>> (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed 
>>>>>> wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for 
>>>>>> the Army Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be 
>>>>>> “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 
>>>>>> years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had 
>>>>>> my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>>>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>>>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want 
>>>>>> to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too 
>>>>>> old.Rather “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012! (RIP)      
>>>>>> Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>>>>
>>>

DSC01708

I sold this big 40 HP RV to Luther down in Houston, but had gone out and 
got several very powerful speaker magnets to stand motor on end and use 
repulsion magbets to suspend weight of rotor so that there was no 
rolling friction. Two round Neos (1.5 Tesla) on end of shaft would do 
same job!  Just food for thought!  Ha!

On 12/11/2018 11:02 AM, Warren Keillor [email protected] 
[EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> NHiorman
>
> That is great fun as a historical document, now that we are familiar 
> with Rotorverter operation.
> How careful you were, not to wax enthusiastic about the results, 
> pending more study.
> Yet, it demonstrates the serious professional researcher in you, to be 
> cautious, as your credibility rested in your good sense, and care.
> We likely can do a lot more with Rotoverters. Too bad you are not 
> sporting one on the bench these days.
> I can hardly wait to throw mine up on the table of the warm radiant 
> heated stone barn workshop.
> I have two complete 3 hp  identical units, except one has naked 
> bearings devoid of grease and seals, which I will not do again, as it 
> is not needed to be so fussy.
> I would rather they be completely reliable machines. I might send away 
> for some exotic ceramic bearings for that naked unit if I can find 
> some cheap.
> Both units work great, and I need to play with driving some DC motors, 
> I have, as it would be intriguing to try to use the rotating power of 
> the Rotoverter, to overunity.
> I have only used the capacitor circuit method, which works very well.
> John Bedini told me one has to has 3X over unity, to loop, so I hadn't 
> tried to loop a rotoverter directly, making the assumption John had 
> tried a Hecter Rotoverter. I am unsure he ever did.
> Cheers Warren
>
>
> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
> <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>
>     On Tue, 11 Dec 2018 at 10:56 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]
>     [EVGRAY]
>     <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>     Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from
>     2004.  I would have to go back and find the party that posted it
>     to the EVGRAY site.
>
>     hi
>
>     i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan
>
>     last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with
>
>     Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic
>
>     too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for
>
>     aspiring rotoheads...
>
>     Norman writes:
>
>     Hi! Ken:Thanks for the thought provocative message.I have 4 two
>
>     channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
>
>     accurately measuring AC input to the motor.I just cannot find my
>
>     current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
>
>     relationship..I agree with your assessment aboutwho cares about
>
>     the
>
>     power factor anyway .If my power factor was anything other than
>
>     unity
>
>     then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very
>
>     stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be
>
>     seen.The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that
>
>     when
>
>     the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor
>
>     terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the
>
>     scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are
>
>     identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed
>
>     on one another. ?????I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on
>
>     single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase
>
>     angle so the motor would run.This is really interesting.First,
>
>     this
>
>     set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor
>
>     at
>
>     ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and
>
>     L3
>
>     has the tuning cap value between it and L3.The one thing that
>
>     really
>
>     bugsme is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and
>
>     does not get warm when you load it.I believe I mentioned that I
>
>     have a
>
>     32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some
>
>     experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.
>
>     I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter
>
>     test.I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and
>
>     not serious researchers who really question something soglaring .
>
>     Thanks a million for your sincere interest.Norm
>
>     Carrigan, Kenwrote:
>
>     Norm, et al,
>
>     I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent
>
>     experimental overunity readings.I find nothing wrong or that
>
>     could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
>
>     your really getting something for nothing.Sure wish you had
>
>     an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.
>
>     As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
>
>     it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
>
>     important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?Tracing back
>
>     from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
>
>     coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.This because
>
>     the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
>
>     then 100%.So the answer is really in the capacitive input
>
>     to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
>
>     480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
>
>     portion out - leaving pure resistance.I am shocked that it
>
>     runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
>
>     Any further readings your getting?I'd sure like to see
>
>     your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
>
>     analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
>
>     and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
>
>     taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
>
>     wave patterns.
>
>     v/r
>
>     Ken Carrigan
>
>     -----Original Message-----
>
>     From: Norman Wootan [_mailto:[email protected]_]
>
>     Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
>
>     To: Keelynet
>
>     Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
>
>     Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
>
>     ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
>
>     with interesting results.Go to:
>
>     _http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm_
>
>     I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
>
>     results.This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
>
>     I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
>
>     Quote:
>
>     Well said Hector::Here is the verification that you have
>
>     been waiting for.Per our off line dialog here is the set
>
>     up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
>
>     seen.
>
>     Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
>
>     on 480V.
>
>     Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
>
>     line input required 20mfd
>
>     370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
>
>     amps @ 120VAC input.
>
>     Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
>
>     disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.(generator
>
>     unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
>
>     resulting
>
>     current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
>
>     Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
>
>     lamp load.
>
>     Now things get more interesting.Since I have two
>
>     independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
>
>     input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
>
>     loaded with pure resistive load.Well here are the
>
>     numbers:Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
>
>     required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
>
>     current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.The independent
>
>     generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
>
>     The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
>
>     of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.I need
>
>     to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
>
>     the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
>
>     the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
>
>     input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.What I find most
>
>     interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
>
>     phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
>
>     gets colder.The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
>
>     after about 30 minutes of running time.Go figure it out.
>
>     I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
>
>     magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
>
>     capacitors.This experiment is so easy to do everyone
>
>     should seriously look at this phenomenon.My next step is
>
>     to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
>
>     circuitto provide more loading.
>
>     By the way,all measurements were made with four each Fluke
>
>     87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
>
>     DC measurements.Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
>
>     determined.
>
>     Norm
>
>
>     On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>>     To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand
>>     the VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What
>>     is Heat? You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity
>>     along about here.
>>
>>     Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding
>>     of thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little
>>     "101" is needed!
>>     After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark'
>>     the very interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch
>>     Implosion Vortex with a better understanding as to how the
>>     'counter rotating' vortex actions produce a charge separation
>>     effect and yield a "cold" core output and a "Hot' exhaust outer
>>     envelope.     All is based on my document "What is Heat' written
>>     back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive ionization" and "cold is
>>     negative ionization".   Since electrons have mass (see Charged
>>     Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how negative ionized
>>     gases (extra electrons) are heavier than positive  ionized gases
>>     ( stripped electrons) therefore in an implosion vortex the
>>     heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the lighter gases
>>     spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge
>>     separation occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas
>>     flows just the same as found in the vortex of a well formed
>>     tornado in nature.  The result in nature produces a lot of ice,
>>     hail and huge electrical discharges.    Just passing along some
>>     thought on how things really work!    Norm
>>
>>     ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
>>     by
>>     Rhetta Jacobson
>>     A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
>>     energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
>>     movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
>>     forces, which were created simultaneously
>>     and which exist constantly in our Universe.
>>     All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
>>     we observe are results of the interplay of this
>>     motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
>>     or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
>>     of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
>>     All the studies of Science, whether it be light
>>     refraction and reflection, heat convection,
>>     sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
>>     chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
>>     observations have confronted this motion
>>     body.
>>     When we attempt to understand, control,
>>     copy and work with these phenomena we need
>>     to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
>>     one expression they all have in common--the
>>     vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
>>     In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
>>     a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
>>     a map of the movements and forces and list
>>     some results a vortex has upon the matter within
>>     it. First, I will consider the group of particles
>>     rotating about a common center; but the latter
>>     list of results will consider a single particle of the
>>     medium rotating about its own axis and the central
>>     axis of a vortex motion.
>>     Scientists have observed different types of
>>     vortexes and given them separate names.
>>     There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
>>     vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
>>     are the same, closed and perpendicular in
>>     every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
>>     there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
>>     perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
>>     again separated and typed according to the
>>     shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
>>     length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
>>     has a large diameter compared to its height.
>>     A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
>>     to its height.
>>     Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
>>     by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
>>     giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
>>     a given point in space. Here we should note
>>     that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
>>     vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
>>     flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
>>     a parabolic rotational movement and call it
>>     a vortex.
>>     They say every rotating body is a vortex.
>>     Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
>>     With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
>>     about an axis at its center, the velocity
>>     increases linearly with the distance from the
>>     center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
>>     a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
>>     to the distance from the stir rod. They
>>     call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
>>     have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
>>     very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
>>     motion can be observed correctly.
>>     A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
>>     vortex is a background energy movement
>>     which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
>>     The matter does not create the vortex, the
>>     matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
>>     about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
>>     has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
>>     it. The observation that velocity increases with
>>     distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
>>     force which they are applying to a solid
>>     body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
>>     velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
>>     energy movement. They would do more good
>>     considering what effect that centrifugal force
>>     has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
>>     is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
>>     which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
>>     sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
>>     rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
>>     example of a dandelion seed where this construction
>>     and rotation slows its descent. In a
>>     fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
>>     action is observed; turbulence is caused by
>>     action from the center outward.
>>     The standard definition of a vortex is very
>>     vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
>>     few characteristics of this motion body and
>>     another written definition will include other characteristics.
>>     Generally, we find some common
>>     included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
>>     endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
>>     axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
>>     anything caught in the motion is drawn.
>>     Definitions are usually always accompanied
>>     with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
>>     of which very little is known.
>>     I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
>>     primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
>>     resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
>>     cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
>>     aging and death segments of its time duration.
>>     It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
>>     shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
>>     about a common center to a conical shape
>>     and back to planar rings again as one force
>>     gains preponderance, then the other force, and
>>     takes the process from stillness to maximum
>>     motion and then back to stillness.
>>     Most observations of the vortex pattern are
>>     incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
>>     cone. This represents one phase of an overall
>>     appearance in a medium. It does not show the
>>     motion interaction occurring inside the motion
>>     body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
>>     body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
>>     of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
>>     to the description of a wave.
>>     FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
>>     To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
>>     of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
>>     stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
>>     all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
>>     as an opposing movement attempting to
>>     restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
>>     in a radiative spiral outward from a common
>>     center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
>>     opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
>>     spiral toward a common center. Its
>>     movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
>>     travel are always curved and spiral because of
>>     the others’ resistance, continuously.
>>     Resistance to movement from inertia causes
>>     curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
>>     Polarity is established as soon as there
>>     is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
>>     there is a division and with division there is
>>     polarity.
>>     Another mind picture: Picture the point being
>>     acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
>>     horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
>>     resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
>>     in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
>>     the center point. The ring waves extend to a
>>     maximum distance until the resistance
>>     becomes predominant and pushes them back
>>     toward the center.
>>     Each rotating ring meets resistance which
>>     compresses its dissipation and attempts to
>>     restore an evacuated space. These rings are
>>     observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
>>     exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
>>     an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
>>     to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
>>     beginning of vortex motion.
>>     The opposing forces acting upon each other
>>     set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
>>     opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
>>     side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
>>     like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
>>     forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
>>     attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
>>     may be restored out of the motion. Local
>>     eddies always occur where two movements
>>     come against each other, for example, whenever
>>     two streams come against each other, or
>>     where a moving flow meets a stationary object
>>     such as water on a rock.
>>     If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
>>     to begin a curvature back to a central
>>     point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
>>     not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
>>     as our technology does. Nature was wise
>>     enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
>>     possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
>>     back to the source, the center, to insure that the
>>     instability and tensions that were created could
>>     be forever repeated so work could be performed.
>>     The concentric rings rotating about the
>>     sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
>>     between each one in series. The first
>>     ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
>>     tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
>>     of deflection to throw back to the center, when
>>     the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
>>     This causes more numbers of tiny local
>>     boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
>>     rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
>>     against inertia.
>>     The second ring has less centrifugal force or
>>     outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
>>     raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
>>     amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
>>     number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
>>     however, they can be larger in diameter
>>     and rotate faster because the ring is already
>>     of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
>>     to aid the centripetal throw back.
>>     If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
>>     to come from the center source (as from
>>     a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
>>     eventually the surrounding rings close to the
>>     central point are pushed further apart, weakening
>>     the centripetal ability. Every force has a
>>     binding field, even in an open system. Even a
>>     non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
>>     movement meets a boundary wall and curves
>>     against its direction and begins to loop back
>>     upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
>>     curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
>>     a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
>>     in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
>>     according to their curvature, focal length,
>>     etc., come into plan and influence whatever
>>     passes through them. The undulations and
>>     small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
>>     rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
>>     of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
>>     or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
>>     off either toward the centrifugal direction or
>>     toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
>>     push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
>>     which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
>>     multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
>>     central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
>>     not throw off much on their periphery, but they
>>     orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
>>     help the centripetal force hold the momentum
>>     there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
>>     faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
>>     ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
>>     (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
>>     because they throw off more along their periphery.
>>     When the inward compression (centripetal)
>>     force is predominant the amplitude of each
>>     shock wave increases and moves the whole
>>     series of waves toward the center, compacting
>>     the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
>>     results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
>>     to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
>>     again, up and down. This movement
>>     meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
>>     and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
>>     axis.
>>     COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
>>     We now have a picture of a vortex formation
>>     from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
>>     directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
>>     to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
>>     directions of motion interacting within, setting
>>     up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
>>     boundary walls and naturally establishing
>>     a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
>>     which represents the pulsation battle occurring
>>     between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
>>     spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
>>     The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
>>     Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
>>     own resistance and has its equal and opposite
>>     potential motion body to unite, propagate and
>>     return to stillness.
>>     Very briefly, let us go through the aging
>>     process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
>>     consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
>>     drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
>>     and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
>>     slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
>>     then as the outward, resistance force
>>     takes preponderance the vortex widens and
>>     flattens, as in the drawings.
>>     Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
>>     closer together and then is pushed further
>>     apart.
>>     Each concentric spiral is centered around a
>>     vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
>>     vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
>>     becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
>>     wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
>>     and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
>>     axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
>>     on a plane.
>>     The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
>>     in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
>>     forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
>>     shape again.
>>     The contest between the two forces develops
>>     pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
>>     different pressures, different densities, and
>>     potentials, and holds them in concentrated
>>     form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
>>     At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
>>     rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
>>     which act as lenses affecting the passage from
>>     one layer to the next in series as described.
>>     Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
>>     space? We always must! We have three axes
>>     to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
>>     is where rotation occurs around the center,
>>     where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
>>     centrifugal force can express in preponderance
>>     to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
>>     through dissipation, separation and explosion.
>>     Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
>>     forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
>>     one plane of stillness.
>>     The second axis is the vertical one which is
>>     the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
>>     is lengthened when the centripetal force
>>     expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
>>     be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
>>     in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
>>     solid matter back to an energy transformation
>>     through implosion.
>>     In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
>>     perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
>>     only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
>>     duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
>>     a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
>>     a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
>>     from one end of its swing to the other end.
>>     Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
>>     stages between the perfect axis alignment.
>>     Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
>>     motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
>>     force, thus the wobble of the vertical
>>     axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
>>     no motion and no work expressed in the
>>     Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
>>     ARE because of the battle between the two
>>     forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
>>     process from stillness to maximum motion and
>>     back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
>>     two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
>>     to cause work or motion.
>>     Motion bodies and matter have different
>>     characteristics and manifestations according to
>>     which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
>>     which axis) is predominant.
>>     The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
>>     It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
>>     matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
>>     crystallized along the way. However, all matter
>>     is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
>>     Vortexes and matter are very different as their
>>     vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
>>     operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
>>     motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
>>     rather than when they are oblated in the plane
>>     of the centrifugal force.
>>     Another component readily observable in
>>     vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
>>     can be anything from a mere depression which
>>     does not extend the full depth of the vortex
>>     movement, to a very fine line which centers the
>>     motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
>>     is hard to measure because it is constantly
>>     wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
>>     and contracting. However, a black hole centers
>>     every vortex movement.
>>     Among the varied phenomena observed
>>     connected to the hole are disorientation of
>>     polarized instruments such as compasses, the
>>     inability of electrical equipment to operate as
>>     reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
>>     and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
>>     tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
>>     been experienced close to the vortex hole
>>     which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
>>     in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
>>     water and even burning particles have been
>>     observed shooting out of the center hole. The
>>     hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
>>     which causes water to “evaporate” at
>>     room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
>>     implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
>>     A phenomena attributed to the center
>>     eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
>>     of matter like a pole or stick found
>>     inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
>>     deposit it there, just like it grew there.
>>     Each of these phenomena I will take up in
>>     future articles. Each has an explanation and
>>     each can be copied for very useful purposes
>>     when the Engineering of machines are based
>>     upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
>>     basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
>>     MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
>>     Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
>>     the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
>>     toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
>>     Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
>>     straight course because of resistance. We
>>     know there are different density layers separated
>>     by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
>>     along the edges. We know there is rotation in
>>     every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
>>     know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
>>     for every layer and particle, just like our
>>     planetary system.
>>     In our planetary system the planets close to
>>     the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
>>     centripetally influenced. They are colder,
>>     their layers are packed more densely, their
>>     shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
>>     they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
>>     they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
>>     of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
>>     planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
>>     are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
>>     observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
>>     fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
>>     debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
>>     A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
>>     system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
>>     layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
>>     each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
>>     according to its attributes of density, temperature,
>>     volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
>>     or valence, etc.
>>     So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
>>     physical quantities like mass of varying
>>     densities, momentum and energy through
>>     them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
>>     velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
>>     and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
>>     boundary layer eddies which occur along the
>>     skin of each layer and act as lenses.
>>     Depending upon the nature of predominance of
>>     centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
>>     acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
>>     , the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
>>     into the next layer or thrown outward to the
>>     adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
>>     process goes on just as a selection process for
>>     the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
>>     cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
>>     eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
>>     rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
>>     The small eddies which occur by shear
>>     forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
>>     and mix the edges. According to their distance
>>     from the center of a vortex their motion is more
>>     centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
>>     on the outer layers. Each type of motion
>>     influences the character of atoms, molecules
>>     and particles by influencing such things as density,
>>     volume, tempertaure and many other
>>     dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
>>     upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
>>     lowered and the density increased by
>>     packing the layers closer together. This prepares
>>     the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
>>     layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
>>     action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
>>     is increased, its temperature is raised and
>>     its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
>>     more suitable for the outside adjacent.
>>     The laminar layers of a vortex have different
>>     temperatures, densities, specific weights and
>>     speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
>>     temperature and volume and show an example
>>     of how these factors, when changed can influence
>>     flow between the layers in a vortex of
>>     water.
>>     Water flowing in a natural underground channel
>>     will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
>>     layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
>>     layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
>>     depending on the geological lay of the earth
>>     may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
>>     degrees.
>>     The water that has adapted to this layer (4
>>     degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
>>     of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
>>     water is less dense, because it has a higher
>>     temperature and an expanded volume.
>>     This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
>>     by layers of different densities. These less
>>     dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
>>     pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
>>     longitudinal flow.
>>     The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
>>     the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
>>     while pressure from the upper water layer and
>>     the water layer from below persists. No single
>>     water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
>>     1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
>>     the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
>>     with vortexian action in the minute boundary
>>     layer zone to become one with it. In this way
>>     more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
>>     then runs off. In this way it is possible that
>>     water can exit as a spring close to the top of
>>     high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
>>     the earth’s surface always show temperatures
>>     close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
>>     may assume that the movement of the spring
>>     water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
>>     degrees C has reached its maximum density
>>     and can not be more compressed. It would,
>>     under additional pressure rather give way to the
>>     surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
>>     increases according to the pressure.
>>     Enormous masses of water are pushed or
>>     pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
>>     from far below by the temperature differences
>>     of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
>>     to make water move.
>>     Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
>>     from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
>>     flow.
>>     It may be asked at this point why the outside
>>     layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
>>     perform the same function of shooting the
>>     inside layers forward with momentum.
>>     Remember, every particle of water is bound to
>>     move with a certain speed, depending on its
>>     specific weight, and its specific weight is either
>>     decreased by warmer temperatures, or
>>     increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
>>     running water in a conventional pipe
>>     increases its friction and decreases the specific
>>     weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
>>     atom, making it more difficult for an increased
>>     volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
>>     the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
>>     of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
>>     changing tiny eddies between layers; which
>>     can alter the physical characteristics of the
>>     atoms themselves and prepare them for the
>>     next inside layer. Here is another instance
>>     where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
>>     its advantage.
>>     VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
>>     All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
>>     controls and disperses energy and
>>     mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
>>     higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
>>     is literally twisted together just as strands of a
>>     rope are twisted together to form strength and
>>     solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
>>     which controls creation, appearance and decreation
>>     and disappearance. In the field of
>>     Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
>>     positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
>>     neutrons can become protons and protons
>>     become neutrons millions of times a second. It
>>     is recognized that mass can be changed
>>     between two opposites. A proton is positive at
>>     one instant and is negative at the next instant
>>     and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
>>     and conditions are recognized and known to
>>     fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
>>     dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
>>     force is dominant so they are defined by
>>     their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
>>     elements can be totally different in their characteristics
>>     such as the example of carbon, which
>>     can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
>>     and soft like graphite in other conditions.
>>     What is not known is that the changing of those
>>     conditions is directly controlled by the action of
>>     the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
>>     whatever is impressed upon the field of the
>>     mass within.
>>     When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
>>     it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
>>     density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
>>     axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
>>     charge, reduces its temperature, changes
>>     its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
>>     increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
>>     reduces its ionization, and several
>>     other attributes of its character, which are all
>>     results of the type of motion in its field.
>>     If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
>>     which is within it is influenced by separating,
>>     expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
>>     shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
>>     axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
>>     is increased, its temperature is increased, it
>>     becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
>>     its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
>>     opposite.
>>     When a vortex motion body is subjected to
>>     an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
>>     solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
>>     cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
>>     rod, each ring layer along with the local
>>     eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
>>     force and will lose some of their centripetal
>>     force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
>>     mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
>>     and breaking apart which occurs along
>>     the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
>>     and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
>>     of Nature, for instance water and air.
>>     The above dissolution and expansion can be
>>     reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
>>     the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
>>     choice of creation or de-creation can be
>>     demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
>>     On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
>>     central rod) a square is made with powder. The
>>     shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
>>     way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
>>     until it is completely pulled apart and no
>>     longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
>>     reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
>>     as if a movie were reversed.
>>     The control of matter, form and energy can
>>     be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
>>     of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
>>     of the vortex and how to engineer with
>>     it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
>>     the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
>>     determines which force is predominant. We
>>     know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
>>     vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
>>     to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
>>     motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
>>     as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
>>     influence, friction, etc. We know that a
>>     fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
>>     rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
>>     though characteristics of greater vorticity or
>>     velocity being at the center is copied here, the
>>     shock waves and rings are radiating along the
>>     horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
>>     but instead decrease, the vortex will never
>>     create a center hole where vacuum suction can
>>     occur. So the question becomes how can we
>>     Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
>>     to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
>>     force predominant?
>>     *****
>>
>>     What is Heat #3
>>
>>     For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of
>>
>>     heating and cooling associated with the phase change of
>>
>>     liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of
>>
>>     electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this
>>
>>     interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted
>>
>>     from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My
>>
>>     line of thinking really took off back when I experimented
>>
>>     with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in
>>
>>     electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most
>>
>>     people do not understand how these devices move thermal
>>
>>     energy through a current flow across a semiconductor
>>
>>     junction.Historically we find that German physicist,
>>
>>     Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was
>>
>>     applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that
>>
>>     electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier
>>
>>     discovered that when a direct current was applied to two
>>
>>     Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not
>>
>>     Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of
>>
>>     Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of
>>
>>     Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then
>>
>>     Melted when the polarity of the direct current was
>>
>>     Reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100
>>
>>     Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor
>>
>>     Materials which could provide the wide temperature
>>
>>     Differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became
>>
>>     Available which revived the electric cooling principles.In
>>
>>     The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling
>>
>>     Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a
>>
>>     Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced
>>
>>     Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore
>>
>>     Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical
>>
>>     Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high
>>
>>     Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first
>>
>>     Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years
>>
>>     ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a
>>
>>     small temperature differential across the device a weak
>>
>>     current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing
>>
>>     the differential provided a proportional increase in current
>>
>>     and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the
>>
>>     wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on
>>
>>     the Keely Net BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of
>>
>>     how electron flow could move thermal energy across the
>>
>>     junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving
>>
>>     thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly
>>
>>     reversible situation based on polarity.
>>
>>     Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in
>>
>>     refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase
>>
>>     change material such as water and refrigerants.We have
>>
>>     always been led to believe that evaporating water provided
>>
>>     cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same
>>
>>     mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the
>>
>>     condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would
>>
>>     you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change
>>
>>     provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840
>>
>>     Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on
>>
>>     escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one
>>
>>     of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.
>>
>>     Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with
>>
>>     the electrical output resulting from the steam friction
>>
>>     passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)
>>
>>     Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the
>>
>>     phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and
>>
>>     not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or
>>
>>     gain electrons in the process which accounts for the
>>
>>     discrepancy in the energy equation when a material
>>
>>     transitions between phases.More energy is present after
>>
>>     the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The
>>
>>     text book stated that this phenomenon could not be
>>
>>     explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by
>>
>>     Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a
>>
>>     Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change
>>
>>     of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is
>>
>>     totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions
>>
>>     were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an
>>
>>     electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental
>>
>>     question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool
>>
>>     that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence
>>
>>     of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at
>>
>>     a very simple example of heating which may explain this
>>
>>     process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is
>>
>>     heated because electrons in the material are converted to
>>
>>     photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light
>>
>>     leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The
>>
>>     more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.Now
>>
>>     the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water
>>
>>     from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a
>>
>>     net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the
>>
>>     ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame
>>
>>     (ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons
>>
>>     which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic
>>
>>     structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.
>>
>>     Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current
>>
>>     across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy
>>
>>     (ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or
>>
>>     absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to
>>
>>     how the process works.All phase change processes work the
>>
>>     same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical
>>
>>     processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is
>>
>>     an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level
>>
>>     based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.
>>
>>     At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago
>>
>>     we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in
>>
>>     which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the
>>
>>     cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on
>>
>>     negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly
>>
>>     cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a
>>
>>     very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion
>>
>>     generator operates at very high voltages with very little
>>
>>     current involved.It is possible to develop this ion
>>
>>     transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical
>>
>>     output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember
>>
>>     that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal
>>
>>     differential will cause a development of current and voltage
>>
>>     as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will
>>
>>     provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.
>>
>>     Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line
>>
>>     of experimentation.Norm
>>
>>     On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]
>>     <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     ( 1of1)
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     United States Patent
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     6,386,751
>>>
>>>     Wootan ,   et al.
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     May 14, 2002
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>
>>>     Abstract
>>>
>>>     A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into
>>>     a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30
>>>     rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are
>>>     drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement
>>>     of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material
>>>     in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion
>>>     materials through the openings and into the host material. The
>>>     opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to
>>>     operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The
>>>     frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion
>>>     materials and the host material and may also be effective in
>>>     breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     Inventors:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>
>>>     Assignee:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>
>>>     Appl. No.:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     08/957,530
>>>
>>>     Filed:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     October 24, 1997
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     Current U.S. Class:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>
>>>     Current International Class:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>
>>>     Field of Search:
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     References Cited _[Referenced By]
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     U.S. Patent Documents
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _1650561
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F1650561>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     November 1927
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Deniston
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _3333771
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3333771>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     August 1967
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Graham
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _3791349
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     February 1974
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Schaefer
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4004553
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4004553>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     January 1977
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Stenson
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4128342
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4128342>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     December 1978
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Renk
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4136971
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4136971>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     January 1979
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Varlamov et al.
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4143639
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     March 1979
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Frenette
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4361414
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4361414>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     November 1982
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Nemes et al.
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4424797
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     January 1984
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Perkins
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _4778336
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4778336>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     October 1988
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Husain
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _5188090
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5188090>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     February 1993
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Griggs
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _5263774
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5263774>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     November 1993
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Delcourt
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _5419306
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     May 1995
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Huffman
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _5590961
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     January 1997
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Rasmussen
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _5782556
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     July 1998
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Chu
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     _5810052
>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     September 1998
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Kozyuk
>>>
>>>
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>     	
>>>
>>>     Other References
>>>
>>>
>>>     Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997
>>>     [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet:
>>>     <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>
>>>     <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
>>>     Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet
>>>     site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>>>
>>>
>>>     /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
>>>     /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
>>>     /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley &
>>>     Arnott, L.L.P.
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     /Claims/
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>     What is claimed is:
>>>
>>>     1. A diffuser comprising:
>>>
>>>     a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>>
>>>     a second member having a first side positioned relative to said
>>>     surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween
>>>     through which a first material provided from a first inlet into
>>>     said channel flows and into which a second material provided
>>>     from a second inlet through a second side of said second member
>>>     is introduced, said diffuser configured such that a
>>>     substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first
>>>     inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; and
>>>
>>>     means for moving said first material through said channel
>>>     relative to said surface disturbances to create cavitation in
>>>     said first material within said channel to diffuse said second
>>>     material into said first material.
>>>
>>>     2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a
>>>     surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>>>
>>>     3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface
>>>     disturbances comprise impressions.
>>>
>>>     4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise
>>>     boreholes.
>>>
>>>     5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise
>>>     grooves.
>>>
>>>     6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances
>>>     comprise protrusions.
>>>
>>>     7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>>>
>>>     8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise
>>>     ridges.
>>>
>>>     9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first
>>>     member and said second member has one or more orifices formed
>>>     therein to pass said second material into said channel prior to
>>>     mixing with said first material.
>>>
>>>     10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both
>>>     said first member and said second member for passing two
>>>     different materials to said channel prior to mixing with each
>>>     other.
>>>
>>>     11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for
>>>     drawing said first and second materials through said channel.
>>>
>>>     12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for
>>>     driving said first and second materials through said channel.
>>>
>>>     13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a
>>>     cylindrical shape.
>>>
>>>     14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk
>>>     shape.
>>>
>>>     15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a
>>>     conical shape.
>>>
>>>     16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a
>>>     spherical shape.
>>>
>>>     17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a
>>>     hemispherical shape.
>>>
>>>     18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first
>>>     material against said surface disturbances generates shock waves
>>>     at one or more discrete frequencies.
>>>
>>>     19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second
>>>     material, comprising the steps of:
>>>
>>>     inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel
>>>     formed between a first member and a first side of a second
>>>     member, wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided
>>>     from said first inlet to said channel throughout said method of
>>>     diffusing;
>>>
>>>     inputting said second material through a second side of said
>>>     second member into said channel, wherein at least one of said
>>>     first and second members include surface disturbances facing
>>>     said channel; and
>>>
>>>     moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances
>>>     to cause said first and second materials to be compressed and
>>>     decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material
>>>     within said channel to diffuse said second material into said
>>>     first material.
>>>
>>>     20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second
>>>     members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>>>
>>>     21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first
>>>     and second members includes a surface with impressions formed
>>>     therein.
>>>
>>>     22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first
>>>     and second members includes a surface with boreholes formed
>>>     therein.
>>>
>>>     23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first
>>>     and second members includes a surface with said surface
>>>     disturbances positioned in an array to compress and decompress
>>>     said first material at a known frequency.
>>>
>>>     24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first
>>>     and second members includes a surface with surface disturbances
>>>     positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress
>>>     said first material at respective discrete frequencies.
>>>
>>>     25. A diffuser comprising:
>>>
>>>     a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>>
>>>     a second member having a first surface incorporating surface
>>>     disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a
>>>     channel thorough which a first material flows between said
>>>     respective member surfaces, said second member further having
>>>     orifices;
>>>
>>>     a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said
>>>     channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially
>>>     continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said
>>>     channel throughout operation thereof;
>>>
>>>     a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a
>>>     second surface of said second member such that said second
>>>     material is input through said orifices into said channel to mix
>>>     with said first material; and
>>>
>>>     a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to
>>>     the other to create cavitation in said first material while said
>>>     first material is within the channel to diffuse said second
>>>     material into said first material.
>>>
>>>     26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a
>>>     liquid and said second material is a gas.
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>     /Description/
>>>
>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>     CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>>>
>>>     Not Applicable
>>>
>>>     STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>>>
>>>     Not Applicable
>>>
>>>     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>>     1. Technical Field
>>>
>>>     This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more
>>>     particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or
>>>     emulsifying a gas or liquid into a material.
>>>
>>>     2. Description of the Related Art
>>>
>>>     In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one
>>>     material--gas or liquid--within a second material.
>>>     Emulsification is a subset of the process of diffusion wherein
>>>     small globules of one liquid are suspended in a second liquid
>>>     with which the first will not mix, such as oil into vinegar. One
>>>     important application of the diffusion process is in wastewater
>>>     treatment. Many municipalities aerate their wastewater as part
>>>     of the treatment process in order to stimulate biological
>>>     degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological digestion
>>>     of organic matter is very dependent upon the amount of oxygen in
>>>     the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to sustain the
>>>     life of the microorganisms which consume the organic matter.
>>>     Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as
>>>     iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>>>
>>>     There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine
>>>     aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an
>>>     impeller which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second,
>>>     water can be sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen
>>>     content. Third, a system produced by AQUATEX injects air or
>>>     oxygen into the water and subjects the water/gas to a large
>>>     scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device have shown an
>>>     improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 ppm
>>>     (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring
>>>     levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum,
>>>     which is considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen.
>>>     Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content of the
>>>     water. The increased oxygenation levels last only minutes prior
>>>     to reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.
>>>
>>>     Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the
>>>     increased oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in
>>>     treating wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic
>>>     digestion would be increased and the amount of time need for
>>>     biological remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity
>>>     of wastewater treatment facilities.
>>>
>>>     Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable
>>>     of diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another
>>>     material.
>>>
>>>     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>>     In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member
>>>     having a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second
>>>     member positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form
>>>     a channel through which a first material and a second material
>>>     may flow. The first material is driven relative to the surface
>>>     disturbances to create cavitation in the first material in order
>>>     to diffuse the second material into the first material.
>>>
>>>     The present invention provides significant advantages over the
>>>     prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device
>>>     allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the
>>>     amount of infusion material which will be held by the host
>>>     material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the
>>>     micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a
>>>     relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or
>>>     frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used
>>>     in many applications, either to break down complex structures or
>>>     to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and
>>>     shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for
>>>     consistent diffusion.
>>>
>>>     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>>>
>>>     For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and
>>>     the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following
>>>     descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying
>>>     drawings, in which:
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially
>>>     block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to
>>>     the diffuser;
>>>
>>>     FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of
>>>     the diffuser;
>>>
>>>     FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>>>
>>>     FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator
>>>     assembly in a second embodiment of the invention;
>>>
>>>     FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second
>>>     embodiment of the invention;
>>>
>>>     FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the
>>>     invention;
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for
>>>     generating the diffusion; and
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the
>>>     invention.
>>>
>>>     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>>     The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS.
>>>     1-8 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements
>>>     of the various drawings.
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially
>>>     cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of
>>>     diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials
>>>     (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or
>>>     liquid material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host
>>>     material may be a normally solid material which is heated or
>>>     otherwise processed to be in a liquid or gaseous state during
>>>     the diffusion/emulsification process.
>>>
>>>     A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both
>>>     ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor
>>>     12. A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the
>>>     interior of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which
>>>     rotates the rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a
>>>     plurality of openings 22 formed therethrough, shown in greater
>>>     detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred embodiment, the openings 22
>>>     each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger borehole 26. The
>>>     sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various shapes
>>>     including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in
>>>     FIG. 1) or curved.
>>>
>>>     A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32
>>>     between the rotor and the stator through which the host material
>>>     may flow. The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its
>>>     circumference. A housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36
>>>     passes a second infusion material to an area 35 between the
>>>     stator 30 and the housing 34. The host material passes through
>>>     inlet 37 into the channel 32. Seals 38 are formed between the
>>>     shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. An outlet 40 passes the
>>>     host material from the channel 32 to a pump 42, where it exits
>>>     via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by motor 18 or
>>>     by an auxiliary source.
>>>
>>>     In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material
>>>     through inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the
>>>     host material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the
>>>     host material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The
>>>     first and second infusion materials are introduced to the host
>>>     material through openings 22. The infusion materials may be
>>>     pressurized at their source to prevent the host material from
>>>     passing through openings 22.
>>>
>>>     The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36
>>>     for the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two
>>>     different infusion materials to be introduced to the host
>>>     material. Alternatively, a single infusion material could be
>>>     introduced into both inlets.
>>>
>>>     In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high
>>>     levels of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host
>>>     material. Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water
>>>     as the host material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved
>>>     oxygen in the water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting
>>>     for days.
>>>
>>>     The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the
>>>     diffusion is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation,
>>>     which is described in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a
>>>     material flows over a smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is
>>>     established with a thin boundary layer that is stationary or
>>>     moving very slowly because of the surface tension between the
>>>     moving fluid and the stationary surface. The openings 22,
>>>     however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause compression and
>>>     decompression of the material. If the pressure during the
>>>     decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles)
>>>     will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a
>>>     rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized
>>>     area of low pressure draws the host material and the infusion
>>>     material, as shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles
>>>     implode, extremely high pressures result. As two aligned
>>>     openings pass one another, a succusion (shock wave) occurs,
>>>     generating significant energy. The energy associated with
>>>     cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the
>>>     host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the
>>>     molecular level.
>>>
>>>     The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of
>>>     openings that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency
>>>     at which the device operates. It has been found that operation
>>>     in the ultrasonic frequency can be beneficial in many
>>>     applications. It is believed that operating the device in the
>>>     ultrasonic region of frequencies provides the maximum succussion
>>>     shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the fluid molecule,
>>>     which enables it to transport additional infusion materials
>>>     which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency at
>>>     which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of
>>>     diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion
>>>     material in the host material.
>>>
>>>     In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may
>>>     be desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in
>>>     the case of water purification. In this application, multiple
>>>     frequencies of succussion can be used to break complex
>>>     structures, such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), into
>>>     smaller sub-structures. Ozone can be used as one of the infusion
>>>     materials to oxidize the sub-structures at a high efficiency.
>>>
>>>     Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the
>>>     device 10. In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist
>>>     chemical reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using
>>>     a piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem
>>>     associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound
>>>     waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the
>>>     material; rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the
>>>     device itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves
>>>     to be produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical
>>>     device.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the
>>>     rotor 12 and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be
>>>     obtained at a single rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three
>>>     circular arrays of openings 50 (shown individually as arrays
>>>     50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are disposed circumferentially
>>>     about the rotor 12. Each ring has a different number of openings
>>>     evenly spaced about its circumference. In similar fashion, the
>>>     stator 30 would have three circular arrays of openings 52 (shown
>>>     individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To ensure that only
>>>     one pair of openings between corresponding arrays will be
>>>     coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a given
>>>     array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the
>>>     number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor
>>>     12. Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly
>>>     spaced around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have
>>>     21 openings spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>>>
>>>     As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each
>>>     array will create succussions at a different frequency. By
>>>     properly choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference
>>>     interference pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of
>>>     frequencies. This spectrum of frequencies can be beneficial in
>>>     many applications where unknown impurities in a host liquid need
>>>     to be broken down and oxidized.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment
>>>     of a stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be
>>>     difficult to form the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30.
>>>     The embodiment of FIG. 4 uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer
>>>     sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can be drilled, from the outside, of
>>>     the inner sleeve 54. For each borehole 26 on the inner sleeve
>>>     54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 is drilled on the outer
>>>     sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed in, and secured
>>>     to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods,
>>>     such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the
>>>     diffuser 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1
>>>     are repeated in these figures.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an
>>>     embodiment where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped.
>>>     FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The
>>>     stator 30 is formed above and below the rotor 12. Both the
>>>     stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type
>>>     described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as
>>>     the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As before, for each array
>>>     52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the
>>>     corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent
>>>     simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The
>>>     openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A
>>>     hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk
>>>     shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area
>>>     35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second
>>>     infusion material. As the host material flows in the channel 32
>>>     between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the
>>>     vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a
>>>     diffusion of the first and second materials with the host
>>>     material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen,
>>>     a plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on
>>>     the rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at
>>>     different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22
>>>     would be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12.
>>>     Corresponding openings would be formed above and below these
>>>     openings on the stator 30.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the
>>>     invention where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the
>>>     stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type
>>>     described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as
>>>     the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. In addition to the openings
>>>     around the circumference of the rotor 12, there could also be
>>>     openings at the bottom of the conical shape, with corresponding
>>>     openings in the portion of the stator 30 at the bottom. As
>>>     before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one opening more
>>>     or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous
>>>     succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow shaft
>>>     serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor
>>>     for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between
>>>     the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion
>>>     material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 and
>>>     the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the
>>>     openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second
>>>     materials with the host material. The infused host material
>>>     passes to outlets 40.
>>>
>>>     In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of
>>>     openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of
>>>     multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that
>>>     any number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and
>>>     spherical shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>>>
>>>     The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of
>>>     applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and
>>>     borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and
>>>     rotor/stator diameters may be dependent upon the application of
>>>     the device.
>>>
>>>     As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water
>>>     aeration. In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the
>>>     first and second infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused
>>>     into the wastewater (or other water needing aeration) as
>>>     described in connection with FIG. 1. It has been found that the
>>>     diffuser can increase the oxygenation to approximately 400%
>>>     dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations expected as
>>>     parameters are optimized for this application. In tests which
>>>     circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water
>>>     at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4%
>>>     dissolved oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve
>>>     390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of
>>>     oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period
>>>     of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours.
>>>     After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained above
>>>     134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The
>>>     sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and
>>>     0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor
>>>     having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly
>>>     increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>>>
>>>     Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of
>>>     other toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the
>>>     infusion materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion
>>>     material. In this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize
>>>     hazardous structures in the host material, such as VOCs and
>>>     dangerous microorganism. Further, as described above, a set of
>>>     frequencies (as determined by the arrays of openings in the
>>>     rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an destructive
>>>     interference pattern which would break down many of the complex
>>>     structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the
>>>     treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known
>>>     hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a single
>>>     frequency which was known to successfully break down the
>>>     structure. Conversely, a set of frequencies which result in a
>>>     constructive interference pattern could be used to combine two
>>>     or more compounds into a more complex and highly structured
>>>     substance.
>>>
>>>     For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first
>>>     and second infusion material to break down and oxidize
>>>     contaminants.
>>>
>>>     While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in
>>>     connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater
>>>     remediation, it could also be used in household applications,
>>>     such as drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>>>
>>>     The diffuser could also be used for other applications where
>>>     diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the
>>>     characteristics of the host material. Examples of such
>>>     applications would include the homogenization of milk or the
>>>     hydrogenation of oils. Other applications could include higher
>>>     efficiencies in mixing fuel and gases/liquids resulting in
>>>     higher fuel economy.
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12
>>>     and stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this
>>>     case, the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon
>>>     the relative rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator
>>>     30. In FIG. 7b, one of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not
>>>     pass an infusion material through the component (in FIG. 7b only
>>>     the rotor passes an infusion material); the component which does
>>>     not pass an infusion material has its openings 22 replaced by
>>>     cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The cavities 58 could be
>>>     shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the accompanying
>>>     orifices 24.
>>>
>>>     In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material
>>>     is passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next
>>>     to the borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in
>>>     previous embodiments. It should be noted that the primary
>>>     purpose of the borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the
>>>     host material along the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>>>     The compression and rarefaction (decompression) of the host
>>>     material causes the micro-cavitation, which provides the high
>>>     degree of diffusion produced by the device. During
>>>     decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are produced in the
>>>     host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and contract (or
>>>     implode) subject to the stresses induced by the frequencies of
>>>     the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles produce the
>>>     energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of the
>>>     infusion materials into the host material as it passes through
>>>     the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the
>>>     host material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and
>>>     resultant shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described
>>>     above will result.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of
>>>     the host material and one or more infusion materials is
>>>     performed outside of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi
>>>     diffuser 60 (or other device) is used to perform the initial
>>>     mixing of the infusion material(s) and the host material. The
>>>     mixture is input into the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and
>>>     stator 30, wherein undergoes the compression/rarefaction cycles
>>>     discussed above, which cause cavitation in the mixture, and is
>>>     subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.
>>>
>>>     Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could
>>>     be performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26
>>>     shown in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes
>>>     26 are surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the
>>>     host material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e,
>>>     a protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface
>>>     disturbance in place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26.
>>>     Shapes other than rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in
>>>     FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12
>>>     and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation and shock waves.
>>>
>>>     As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from,
>>>     the generation of shock waves at a particular frequency.
>>>     Therefore, the rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26
>>>     (or other surface disturbances) arranged such that a white noise
>>>     was produced, rather than a particular frequency. The structures
>>>     used to create the cavitation need not be uniform; a
>>>     sufficiently rough surface be formed on the rotor 12 or stator
>>>     30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g,
>>>     it may not be necessary for both the surface of the rotor 12 and
>>>     the surface of the stator 30 to create the cavitation; however,
>>>     in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be more efficient
>>>     if both surfaces are used.
>>>
>>>     FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes
>>>     the cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with
>>>     entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of
>>>     the rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the
>>>     channel 32 is formed between two walls 66 which are static
>>>     relative to one another, one or both of which have surface
>>>     disturbances facing the channel 32. The host material is driven
>>>     through the channel at high speed using a pump or other device
>>>     for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion materials
>>>     are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by
>>>     mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to
>>>     the channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the
>>>     walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described
>>>     above.
>>>
>>>     As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh,
>>>     through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the
>>>     host material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the
>>>     mesh would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host
>>>     material flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the
>>>     succussions would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the
>>>     speed of the host material. Once again, the infusion materials
>>>     would diffuse into the host material at the molecular level at
>>>     the micro-cavitation sites.
>>>
>>>     FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating
>>>     member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor
>>>     73. The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the
>>>     conduit 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi
>>>     diffuser 74 or other device. The rotating member could be, for
>>>     example, propeller or auger shaped. On the surface of the
>>>     rotating member 70 has one or more surface disturbances 76, such
>>>     that the rotation of the rotating member 70 creates the
>>>     microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high degree
>>>     of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller
>>>     blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could
>>>     create the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for
>>>     purposes described above. Further, the shape of the rotating
>>>     device could draw the materials through the conduit.
>>>
>>>     The present invention provides significant advantages over the
>>>     prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device
>>>     allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the
>>>     amount of infusion material which will be held by the host
>>>     material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the
>>>     micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a
>>>     relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or
>>>     frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used
>>>     in many applications, either to break down complex structures or
>>>     to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and
>>>     shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for
>>>     consistent diffusion.
>>>
>>>     Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been
>>>     directed to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications
>>>     of these embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will
>>>     be suggested to those skilled in the art. The invention
>>>     encompasses any modifications or alternative embodiments that
>>>     fall within the scope of the Claims.
>>>
>>>     On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]
>>>     <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>>     Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you
>>>>     off and take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed
>>>>     away in 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains
>>>>     behind the Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>>>
>>>>     “Sonodiffuser”
>>>>
>>>>     By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>>>
>>>>     9/24/2012
>>>>
>>>>     The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD”
>>>>     truth behind the research, conception, development and
>>>>     disposition of the “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below
>>>>     Patent as “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd
>>>>     degree, a decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research
>>>>     Scientist that is widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy,
>>>>     do hereby give the following account of the above
>>>>     subject.Please note on the Patent shown below, the Inventor!
>>>>
>>>>     <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     ( 1of1)
>>>>
>>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>     United States Patent
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     6,386,751
>>>>
>>>>     Wootan ,   et al.
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     May 14, 2002
>>>>
>>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>     Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>>
>>>>     Abstract
>>>>
>>>>     A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials
>>>>     into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and
>>>>     stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion
>>>>     materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator.
>>>>     During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of
>>>>     the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of
>>>>     the infusion materials through the openings and into the host
>>>>     material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be
>>>>     designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple
>>>>     frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding
>>>>     between the infusion materials and the host material and may
>>>>     also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>>>
>>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>     Inventors:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>>
>>>>     Assignee:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>>
>>>>     Appl. No.:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     08/957,530
>>>>
>>>>     Filed:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     October 24, 1997
>>>>
>>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>     Current U.S. Class:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>>
>>>>     Current International Class:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>>
>>>>     Field of Search:
>>>>
>>>>     	
>>>>
>>>>     366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>>
>>>>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>>     Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and
>>>>     Development for a large domestic energy company. My job was to
>>>>     find new and exciting energy technologies that could be
>>>>     developed and employed in the average home in order to improve
>>>>     efficiency and lower cost of maintaining the living environment
>>>>     at the desired comfort level. It was during this exhaustive
>>>>     search that I happened to find the domestic oil heating system
>>>>     Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639
>>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>.
>>>>     This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an
>>>>     “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying
>>>>     this Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing
>>>>     or succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the
>>>>     Perkins Rotor, Patent #4424797
>>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next
>>>>     came the Schaefer Patent#3791349
>>>>     <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>,
>>>>     which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the
>>>>     ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I
>>>>     was on a “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an
>>>>     anomalous output.My next find was very interesting for it has
>>>>     shown that a former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs
>>>>     patented a competitive device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent
>>>>     #5188090. This device, with help from several Energy
>>>>     Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was
>>>>     definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more
>>>>     energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy in kWh
>>>>     electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs
>>>>     because of the similarities between the two devices and
>>>>     eventually Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to “prior art”.
>>>>
>>>>     After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the
>>>>     Perkins Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device
>>>>     could possibly violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My
>>>>     prototype (still have it) is very unique in that the outer
>>>>     cylindrical section housing the rotor is made of clear silica
>>>>     glass so as to be able to see what type of action is taking
>>>>     place between the rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With
>>>>     water flowing through the operating device, I bathed the frothy
>>>>     looking water (what you see in your blender when set on puree)
>>>>     with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a
>>>>     high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the rotor which was
>>>>     turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions
>>>>     of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one
>>>>     attached to the rotor and the other open end connected to the
>>>>     fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the center. Just as
>>>>     if you put two ice cream cones together at the tips.Ok! Now I
>>>>     knew that the anomalous effects are now caused by micro
>>>>     cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This
>>>>     cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to
>>>>     persist.A micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” with
>>>>     pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is
>>>>     proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water
>>>>     is split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a
>>>>     combustion process occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit
>>>>     photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.The attendant heat
>>>>     produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid metal
>>>>     erosion and collectively causes the entire device to exhibit
>>>>     over unity operational characteristics as found by NASA
>>>>     investigation.
>>>>
>>>>     I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in
>>>>     which oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to
>>>>     100% saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their
>>>>     method was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow
>>>>     to infuse oxygen into the water.I experimented with my version
>>>>     of the Perkins Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper
>>>>     patterns of vortex generating holes in the rotor and stator
>>>>     housings that indeed higher level of oxygen was being infused
>>>>     into the water.
>>>>
>>>>     At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including
>>>>     Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used
>>>>     the oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he
>>>>     was immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this
>>>>     technology. Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no
>>>>     clue about “sonochemistry”. He was retiring (forced by staff
>>>>     reduction) and wanted to invest some of his retirement funds
>>>>     into something of promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining
>>>>     cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same design
>>>>     features.I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to
>>>>     a machinist in the immediate neighborhood.About a week later
>>>>     everything was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to
>>>>     assemble the new prototype.On our first runs of the new
>>>>     prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen which was
>>>>     very persistent for it remained combined in the water for days.
>>>>     We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood
>>>>     wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several
>>>>     investors to provide the needed funds to develop this
>>>>     technology into a viable product.Ann Wilson joined our new
>>>>     company which became “Life Affirming Technologies”.An attorney
>>>>     was brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal
>>>>     documents while Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the
>>>>     necessary documentation and begin the technical description and
>>>>     drawings needed for Patent application. When I had completed
>>>>     all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation as
>>>>     to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments
>>>>     needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
>>>>
>>>>     At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a
>>>>     local establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the
>>>>     name of Bobby Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert
>>>>     Golka, Leadville Tesla Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down
>>>>     in San Antonia.Bobby Burris said he knew all about Tesla and
>>>>     his famous coils and was interested in buying the big Leadville
>>>>     Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought Bobby Burris on board the
>>>>     new corp with an investment of $80,000.When the Corp. Structure
>>>>     was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had
>>>>     a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share
>>>>     interest.I had no money so my intellectual property and
>>>>     developmental work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have
>>>>     the original Corp documents with shares in “Life Affirming
>>>>     Technologies”. All necessary shareholder meetings and other
>>>>     legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.
>>>>
>>>>     I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when
>>>>     it came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into
>>>>     numerous TI Patents by being on the “team “to develop new
>>>>     technology.When the Patent attorney delivered the final draft
>>>>     of the Patent application, Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of
>>>>     hand” that I suspected. When more than one inventor is shown on
>>>>     a patent, alphabet order comes into play. Since Wood comes
>>>>     before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as first
>>>>     inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson was
>>>>     witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened
>>>>     hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be
>>>>     his “head” if he did not immediately change the order of the
>>>>     inventors. All of this technology was mine from the very start
>>>>     and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the
>>>>     instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>>>>
>>>>     During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen
>>>>     levels as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to
>>>>     show places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be
>>>>     grown hydroponically without having to drain them down for root
>>>>     exposure to oxygen.Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed
>>>>     remarkable vitality and growth when compared to a control
>>>>     identical plant set.
>>>>
>>>>     We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of
>>>>     oxygen to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub
>>>>     of diffused oxygenated water it felt like you were in
>>>>     alkseltser water for it “tingled “as the pores opened and the
>>>>     oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>>>>
>>>>     We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as
>>>>     to eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic
>>>>     condition.We proved that high levels of oxygen could accelerate
>>>>     the digestion rate and colony growth in municipal waste
>>>>     treatment facilities.We experimented successfully with ground
>>>>     water remediation in contaminated wells.We also demonstrated
>>>>     the ability to break complex molecular structures (VOC) by the
>>>>     diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated the
>>>>     sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water
>>>>     which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the
>>>>     growth of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in
>>>>     the presence of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic
>>>>     process.
>>>>
>>>>     http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>>>
>>>>     http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>>>
>>>>     http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>>>
>>>>     After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio
>>>>     Corp, Tony Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my
>>>>     original ideas.
>>>>
>>>>     Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a
>>>>     “Super Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for
>>>>     use in our CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful
>>>>     oxygen by use of nitrogen.
>>>>
>>>>     On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>     Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen
>>>>>     reactor led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois
>>>>>     university. (SIUC)
>>>>>
>>>>>     */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills,
>>>>>     California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies
>>>>>     (CAFS)* at *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
>>>>>     (SIUC)*, are pleased to announce the expansion of the scope of
>>>>>     their current collaboration to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge
>>>>>     Materials for DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle
>>>>>     Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique
>>>>>     interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a
>>>>>     */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the
>>>>>     development, application and commercialization, through
>>>>>     licensing, of application specific, architectural combinations
>>>>>     of design, construction, materials, fabrication, and process
>>>>>     variables to meet identified operational component needs using
>>>>>     proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology,
>>>>>     know-how and intellectual property.
>>>>>
>>>>>     Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low
>>>>>     Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity
>>>>>     Composite Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications,
>>>>>     3) the development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen
>>>>>     Production and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid
>>>>>     Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)��� Composite Friction Material
>>>>>     that has demonstrated break through performance improvements.
>>>>>
>>>>>     CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to
>>>>>     commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials
>>>>>     which has been the high performance standard for aircraft,
>>>>>     formula 1 and other high energy friction applications for more
>>>>>     than thirty (30) years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C
>>>>>     are summarized below.
>>>>>
>>>>>     ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>>>
>>>>>     oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by
>>>>>     approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations
>>>>>     were Practically Eliminated
>>>>>
>>>>>     ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35%
>>>>>     for All Energy Loading Conditions
>>>>>
>>>>>     ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible
>>>>>     Measurable Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core
>>>>>     of the Hybrid HMCC System
>>>>>
>>>>>     Recognizing the importance of this new composite material
>>>>>     system CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization
>>>>>     of HMCC friction materials through the development partnering
>>>>>     relationships with recognized friction material manufacturers
>>>>>     to facilitate; introduction of Product(s) with technical and
>>>>>     economic benefits.As the commercial and industrial markets are
>>>>>     large and varied, the need exists to tailor each end-use
>>>>>     considering specific application operational, manufacturing,
>>>>>     economic, etc. requirements.
>>>>>
>>>>>     As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming
>>>>>     Partners _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program
>>>>>     as exemplified by :
>>>>>
>>>>>     1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property
>>>>>     and Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>>>>
>>>>>     2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet
>>>>>     Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>>>>
>>>>>     3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18
>>>>>     Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization
>>>>>     requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing
>>>>>     can be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>>>
>>>>>     In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired
>>>>>     support for each application specific component (Product)
>>>>>     development
>>>>>
>>>>>     ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with
>>>>>     Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization
>>>>>     to Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>>>
>>>>>     ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process
>>>>>     Control, complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer
>>>>>     Analysis with Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product
>>>>>     Stoichiometry and Microstructural Control.Typical Product
>>>>>     Yield _>_ 95%.Operator Interface to Provide On/Off, Load /
>>>>>     Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning Support Only!
>>>>>
>>>>>     ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current
>>>>>     Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>>>
>>>>>     For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid
>>>>>     Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above
>>>>>     described, or other applications, please contact either: Jim
>>>>>     Warren, President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818)
>>>>>     884-0144; e-mail: [email protected]
>>>>>     <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter Filip, Director
>>>>>     CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected]
>>>>>     <mailto:[email protected]>.
>>>>>
>>>>>     On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files,
>>>>>>     documentation, e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would
>>>>>>     be a crying shame for all of this valuable and informative
>>>>>>     data to be lost.  I have decided to post, incrementally a lot
>>>>>>     of information onto this group site for your research use if
>>>>>>     you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that many folks
>>>>>>     out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us
>>>>>>     that have given information freely as did Tesla and even
>>>>>>     Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the
>>>>>>     benefit of all.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Norman L. Wootan
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     (214)907-0010
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green
>>>>>>     Energy Systems
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block
>>>>>>     of technology for the VES program.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of
>>>>>>     2001 searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material,
>>>>>>     his intense interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for
>>>>>>     making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique
>>>>>>     type of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the
>>>>>>     first prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was
>>>>>>     not able to arouse any interest in the technology here in the
>>>>>>     US.An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly
>>>>>>     to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the technology at
>>>>>>     which time the Patent process was begun and funding for the
>>>>>>     project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the
>>>>>>     necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the
>>>>>>     funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was
>>>>>>     constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose
>>>>>>     of prototype development.I was in weekly contact with Jim due
>>>>>>     to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was
>>>>>>     funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by
>>>>>>     Her Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the
>>>>>>     $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two prototypes
>>>>>>     (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and
>>>>>>     drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor”
>>>>>>     from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the
>>>>>>     construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so
>>>>>>     that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor
>>>>>>     unit!I have provided you in previous documentation the
>>>>>>     background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a
>>>>>>     working agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006,
>>>>>>     at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6
>>>>>>     Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was
>>>>>>     learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator
>>>>>>     has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had
>>>>>>     moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and
>>>>>>     yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home
>>>>>>     and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action
>>>>>>     against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and
>>>>>>     Patent Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring
>>>>>>     of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using
>>>>>>     the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim
>>>>>>     had the technology to produce the required densified ceramics
>>>>>>     so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment.
>>>>>>     It was our intention to build out our version of the
>>>>>>     “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA
>>>>>>     Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that
>>>>>>     end, Jim was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR
>>>>>>     and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the “technology”
>>>>>>     undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent
>>>>>>     Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.Jim
>>>>>>     gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight and
>>>>>>     thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole
>>>>>>     Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government
>>>>>>     and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of
>>>>>>     these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at
>>>>>>     Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same docs were
>>>>>>     provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This
>>>>>>     will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of
>>>>>>     our “VES” Program!
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my
>>>>>>     vastly improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     To be continued in next message:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green
>>>>>>     Energy Systems
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The
>>>>>>     Implosion Vortex Turbine.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher
>>>>>>     in the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has
>>>>>>     ever been written by or about this “genius”.Of very special
>>>>>>     interest was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in
>>>>>>     1913.After doing extensive research into this very efficient
>>>>>>     turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion that all that
>>>>>>     were writing about or researching this device did not fully
>>>>>>     understand just how it worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in
>>>>>>     writing his patents and never divulged all of the
>>>>>>     technology!I went to the very “top” internet sites and
>>>>>>     publications regarding the subject turbine and found that no
>>>>>>     one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at
>>>>>>     the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp.
>>>>>>     tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on
>>>>>>     steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was
>>>>>>     abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy
>>>>>>     needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress
>>>>>>     modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical
>>>>>>     Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer
>>>>>>     Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal
>>>>>>     thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the
>>>>>>     IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to
>>>>>>     demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent office
>>>>>>     the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design
>>>>>>     that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and
>>>>>>     booster the operational efficiency and simplified the
>>>>>>     construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla
>>>>>>     Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla
>>>>>>     Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it
>>>>>>     went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next
>>>>>>     question was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal
>>>>>>     output of the IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla
>>>>>>     Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate me
>>>>>>     for I have not heard of this before”.I sent to Jim all the
>>>>>>     documentation and drawings along with stress analytical
>>>>>>     formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the
>>>>>>     turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim
>>>>>>     quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk)
>>>>>>     that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would
>>>>>>     successfully operate in the required environment and would be
>>>>>>     impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the
>>>>>>     micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the
>>>>>>     operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high
>>>>>>     density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics
>>>>>>     we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient
>>>>>>     turbine.To achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency,
>>>>>>     advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat
>>>>>>     pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We
>>>>>>     are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in
>>>>>>     vs. thermal output.This is totally achievable in the modern
>>>>>>     Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be
>>>>>>     address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the
>>>>>>     current steam turbines which all operate at very high
>>>>>>     pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the
>>>>>>     extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical
>>>>>>     energy to drive the generators (really alternators).“Carnot’
>>>>>>     cycle” or method of calculating system thermal efficiency.
>>>>>>     Our System operates at relatively low pressures and
>>>>>>     temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and
>>>>>>     operation and practically eliminates most maintenance
>>>>>>     requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of
>>>>>>     this System in our files!This is a unique System approach to
>>>>>>     be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that
>>>>>>     has such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Next segment: MVR
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor
>>>>>>     Recompression utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping
>>>>>>     Technology.Back in 1980 I was employed as Director of
>>>>>>     Research & Development for a very large Corp. at Ashville.NC
>>>>>>     with prime interest in domestic heat utilization and heat
>>>>>>     re-claim technology.I explored all facets of heating and
>>>>>>     cooling technology including the various thermal storage
>>>>>>     systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the
>>>>>>     absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. Home
>>>>>>     heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation
>>>>>>     in oil to produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was
>>>>>>     later verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was
>>>>>>     recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of such an
>>>>>>     over unity device.It was previously thought that a COP of
>>>>>>     greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was right for I built a
>>>>>>     device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind
>>>>>>     the high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates
>>>>>>     the water molecule at the microscopic level in the billions
>>>>>>     of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination
>>>>>>     (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave
>>>>>>     length light photon emission.Attached is my Patent of this
>>>>>>     technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was excited to
>>>>>>     learn of this device or technology for we need it later in
>>>>>>     the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen
>>>>>>     from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a
>>>>>>     “killer’ of algae since we have to maintain septic or
>>>>>>     anaerobic condition.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I
>>>>>>     jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I
>>>>>>     started prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power
>>>>>>     system that also produced “pure water’ all from the
>>>>>>     “ambient”.The total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime
>>>>>>     mover) for power generation and used the heat pumped
>>>>>>     refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow diagram
>>>>>>     that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging was
>>>>>>     from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has
>>>>>>     anything like this for its principles of operation are
>>>>>>     unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of condensation”
>>>>>>     during the production of water from the air rounded out the
>>>>>>     heat sought in the process. All of these things work like a
>>>>>>     “charm” but are not currently being utilized.What a
>>>>>>     shame.When Jim told me that the state of CA had passed
>>>>>>     legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and
>>>>>>     vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat
>>>>>>     pumping capability of our System to produce pure water for
>>>>>>     recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat of
>>>>>>     condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process
>>>>>>     and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla
>>>>>>     turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to augment
>>>>>>     the power production of the central plant or provide power
>>>>>>     for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of the
>>>>>>     power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 %
>>>>>>     by capturing the energy being “blown off” to the atmosphere
>>>>>>     in outdated cooling towers.There is also an environmental
>>>>>>     concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.All of
>>>>>>     this we can fix!You will find all of this information in
>>>>>>     Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System
>>>>>>     he would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or
>>>>>>     additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of
>>>>>>     music!Diffuser patent attached!
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular
>>>>>>     System incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the
>>>>>>     remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex
>>>>>>     Reactor” whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There
>>>>>>     were several options regarding the CO2 output including deep
>>>>>>     underground storage in high pressure wells.Just what the
>>>>>>     Andreas Fault line needs in CA.Jim contacted several
>>>>>>     University Researchers and obtained lots of information
>>>>>>     regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim about my
>>>>>>     idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC
>>>>>>     which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a
>>>>>>     day vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light
>>>>>>     availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding
>>>>>>     bio growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan,
>>>>>>     Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very
>>>>>>     subject.Careful study revealed several factors that
>>>>>>     University Researchers do not know or understand.Ever wonder
>>>>>>     why most plant foliage appears green to the human eye? You
>>>>>>     say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for
>>>>>>     photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and
>>>>>>     Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now
>>>>>>     consider, after careful study you will find that the “green
>>>>>>     wavelength” in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most
>>>>>>     absorbed and used in the photo process.Now if the leaves are
>>>>>>     absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the leaves appear
>>>>>>     green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, in fresh
>>>>>>     water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” as
>>>>>>     you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and
>>>>>>     anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim
>>>>>>     that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum
>>>>>>     light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To
>>>>>>     maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light
>>>>>>     panels.Optimize everything!With the algae species selected
>>>>>>     based on our desired output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher
>>>>>>     lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton of CO2
>>>>>>     remediated!Now we can order the LEDs from China sources
>>>>>>     customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.Jim designed
>>>>>>     these modules around the Sea land Container like Module and
>>>>>>     has a clever and practical layout of the footprint.I built
>>>>>>     several of these laminated clear Lucite panels and did
>>>>>>     several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid media
>>>>>>     containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and
>>>>>>     fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow
>>>>>>     rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He
>>>>>>     was calculating the time needed for algae species growth
>>>>>>     doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths,
>>>>>>     light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if
>>>>>>     Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy
>>>>>>     fellow!In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of
>>>>>>     “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is broken down in the
>>>>>>     growth process oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed to build up
>>>>>>     you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and
>>>>>>     growth stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just
>>>>>>     loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using
>>>>>>     nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono
>>>>>>     Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating
>>>>>>     technology and stumbled over several cavitation based
>>>>>>     Systems.My curiosity as to how these units achieved such high
>>>>>>     COP values caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of
>>>>>>     special design for the outer cylindrical section was clear
>>>>>>     glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over the
>>>>>>     spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the
>>>>>>     billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost
>>>>>>     white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent
>>>>>>     light) the picture changed and when illuminated with a very
>>>>>>     high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see the
>>>>>>     fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness
>>>>>>     the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite
>>>>>>     overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen
>>>>>>     bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation which
>>>>>>     yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.Thus I found
>>>>>>     the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which
>>>>>>     is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was
>>>>>>     documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the
>>>>>>     definition of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers
>>>>>>     and found that I could “imprint” oxygen into water at the
>>>>>>     600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of
>>>>>>     solution!I did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated
>>>>>>     water to include ground water remediation (contaminated
>>>>>>     wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And doing
>>>>>>     hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root
>>>>>>     structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen
>>>>>>     absorption.The water contained super high levels of
>>>>>>     oxygen.This phenomenon is well known in very cold running
>>>>>>     water falls where fish will die from what is known as
>>>>>>     “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen levels in
>>>>>>     cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure
>>>>>>     ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.After Investors and
>>>>>>     numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the
>>>>>>     Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked if
>>>>>>     they would be interested in the next better “mouse trap” but
>>>>>>     they declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono
>>>>>>     Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not
>>>>>>     infringe on the original Patent.I call that “thinking outside
>>>>>>     of the box” LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim
>>>>>>     looked forward to incorporating it into our System.I am an
>>>>>>     accomplished machinist along with all other technical
>>>>>>     disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very highest
>>>>>>     levels of technology.You are kind of exposed to such things
>>>>>>     when you have a Military Research and Development background
>>>>>>     at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced with: BRL
>>>>>>     (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical
>>>>>>     Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking
>>>>>>     Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing and
>>>>>>     helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the
>>>>>>     Army Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be
>>>>>>     “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32
>>>>>>     years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and
>>>>>>     had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>     You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he
>>>>>>     deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so
>>>>>>     to speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that
>>>>>>     I want to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get
>>>>>>     too old.Rather “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!
>>>>>>     (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be
>>>>>>     posted.    Norm
>>>>>>
>

NO!!!!  James, I am not selling information and will put out my files 
free gratis to anyone to use as they see fit.  If you don"t like things 
that I post, your keyboard has the very same delete key as my board.  
Like it, keep it to use later or in retrospect to some project you may 
be trying.  Take the info in the spirit it was given, FREE.   They can't 
erase it if you have it safe on your own HD. As does Hector knows,,Yes! 
there are SHIT Birds out there.

On 12/11/2018 12:30 PM, James Glinski [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm you know it might be good to put the info on thum  drive and sell 
> it to everyone keeping the information off the net in some way .both 
> ways are good but things on the net just disappear like someone is 
> going around erasing tec .that would really archive things .and could 
> be put back on the net at anytime in the future .there are some real 
> shit birds out there .I've seen things in the past that I can't begin 
> to find anymore .Hector you too !.
>
> On Tuesday, December 11, 2018, Norman Wootan [email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>
>     DSC01708
>
>     I sold this big 40 HP RV to Luther down in Houston, but had gone
>     out and got several very powerful speaker magnets to stand motor
>     on end and use repulsion magbets to suspend weight of rotor so
>     that there was no rolling friction. Two round Neos (1.5 Tesla) on
>     end of shaft would do same job!  Just food for thought!  Ha!
>
>     On 12/11/2018 11:02 AM, Warren Keillor
>     [email protected]
>     <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>>     NHiorman
>>
>>     That is great fun as a historical document, now that we are
>>     familiar with Rotorverter operation.
>>     How careful you were, not to wax enthusiastic about the results,
>>     pending more study.
>>     Yet, it demonstrates the serious professional researcher in you,
>>     to be cautious, as your credibility rested in your good sense,
>>     and care.
>>     We likely can do a lot more with Rotoverters. Too bad you are not
>>     sporting one on the bench these days.
>>     I can hardly wait to throw mine up on the table of the warm
>>     radiant heated stone barn workshop.
>>     I have two complete 3 hp  identical units, except one has naked
>>     bearings devoid of grease and seals, which I will not do again,
>>     as it is not needed to be so fussy.
>>     I would rather they be completely reliable machines. I might send
>>     away for some exotic ceramic bearings for that naked unit if I
>>     can find some cheap.
>>     Both units work great, and I need to play with driving some DC
>>     motors, I have, as it would be intriguing to try to use the
>>     rotating power of the Rotoverter, to overunity.
>>     I have only used the capacitor circuit method, which works very well.
>>     John Bedini told me one has to has 3X over unity, to loop, so I
>>     hadn't tried to loop a rotoverter directly, making the assumption
>>     John had tried a Hecter Rotoverter. I am unsure he ever did.
>>     Cheers Warren
>>
>>
>>     Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>>     <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>>
>>         On Tue, 11 Dec 2018 at 10:56 AM, Norman Wootan
>>         [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]
>>         <[email protected]> <mailto:[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>         Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone
>>         from 2004.  I would have to go back and find the party that
>>         posted it to the EVGRAY site.
>>
>>         hi
>>
>>         i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman
>>         Wootan
>>
>>         last year posting his rotorverter results and details there,
>>         with
>>
>>         Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original
>>         skeptic
>>
>>         too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for
>>
>>         aspiring rotoheads...
>>
>>         Norman writes:
>>
>>         Hi! Ken:Thanks for the thought provocative message.I have 4 two
>>
>>         channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
>>
>>         accurately measuring AC input to the motor.I just cannot find my
>>
>>         current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
>>
>>         relationship..I agree with your assessment aboutwho cares about
>>
>>         the
>>
>>         power factor anyway .If my power factor was anything other than
>>
>>         unity
>>
>>         then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage
>>         is very
>>
>>         stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or
>>         spikes to be
>>
>>         seen.The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact
>>         that
>>
>>         when
>>
>>         the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance
>>         between motor
>>
>>         terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current
>>         then the
>>
>>         scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal
>>         L3 are
>>
>>         identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually
>>         superimposed
>>
>>         on one another. ?????I always though that to run a 3 phase
>>         motor on
>>
>>         single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the
>>         third phase
>>
>>         angle so the motor would run.This is really interesting.First,
>>
>>         this
>>
>>         set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of
>>         the motor
>>
>>         at
>>
>>         ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential
>>         (120VAC) and
>>
>>         L3
>>
>>         has the tuning cap value between it and L3.The one thing that
>>
>>         really
>>
>>         bugsme is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent
>>         torque and
>>
>>         does not get warm when you load it.I believe I mentioned that I
>>
>>         have a
>>
>>         32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and
>>         do some
>>
>>         experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious
>>         phenomenon.
>>
>>         I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this
>>         rotoverter
>>
>>         test.I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment
>>         value and
>>
>>         not serious researchers who really question something soglaring .
>>
>>         Thanks a million for your sincere interest.Norm
>>
>>         Carrigan, Kenwrote:
>>
>>         Norm, et al,
>>
>>         I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your
>>         apparent
>>
>>         experimental overunity readings.I find nothing wrong or that
>>
>>         could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
>>
>>         your really getting something for nothing.Sure wish you had
>>
>>         an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke
>>         voltmeter.
>>
>>         As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
>>
>>         it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
>>
>>         important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?Tracing back
>>
>>         from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
>>
>>         coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.This because
>>
>>         the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
>>
>>         then 100%.So the answer is really in the capacitive input
>>
>>         to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
>>
>>         480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
>>
>>         portion out - leaving pure resistance.I am shocked that it
>>
>>         runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
>>
>>         Any further readings your getting?I'd sure like to see
>>
>>         your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
>>
>>         analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
>>
>>         and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
>>
>>         taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
>>
>>         wave patterns.
>>
>>         v/r
>>
>>         Ken Carrigan
>>
>>         -----Original Message-----
>>
>>         From: Norman Wootan [_mailto:[email protected]_]
>>
>>         Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
>>
>>         To: Keelynet
>>
>>         Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
>>
>>         Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
>>
>>         ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
>>
>>         with interesting results.Go to:
>>
>>         _http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm
>>         <http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm>_
>>
>>         I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
>>
>>         results.This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
>>
>>         I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
>>
>>         Quote:
>>
>>         Well said Hector::Here is the verification that you have
>>
>>         been waiting for.Per our off line dialog here is the set
>>
>>         up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
>>
>>         seen.
>>
>>         Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
>>
>>         on 480V.
>>
>>         Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
>>
>>         line input required 20mfd
>>
>>         370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
>>
>>         amps @ 120VAC input.
>>
>>         Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
>>
>>         disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.(generator
>>
>>         unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
>>
>>         resulting
>>
>>         current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
>>
>>         Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
>>
>>         lamp load.
>>
>>         Now things get more interesting.Since I have two
>>
>>         independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
>>
>>         input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
>>
>>         loaded with pure resistive load.Well here are the
>>
>>         numbers:Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
>>
>>         required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
>>
>>         current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.The independent
>>
>>         generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
>>
>>         The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
>>
>>         of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.I need
>>
>>         to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
>>
>>         the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
>>
>>         the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
>>
>>         input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.What I find most
>>
>>         interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
>>
>>         phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
>>
>>         gets colder.The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
>>
>>         after about 30 minutes of running time.Go figure it out.
>>
>>         I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
>>
>>         magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
>>
>>         capacitors.This experiment is so easy to do everyone
>>
>>         should seriously look at this phenomenon.My next step is
>>
>>         to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
>>
>>         circuitto provide more loading.
>>
>>         By the way,all measurements were made with four each Fluke
>>
>>         87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
>>
>>         DC measurements.Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
>>
>>         determined.
>>
>>         Norm
>>
>>
>>         On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>>         To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to
>>>         understand the VORTEX and how heat and ionization really
>>>         worked. Thus  What is Heat?    You may ask about Barry,
>>>         Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along about here.
>>>
>>>         Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental
>>>         understanding of thing in nature being directly related to
>>>         "vortex", a little "101" is needed!
>>>         After carefully reading this document and going back to
>>>         'mark' the very interesting revelations, we can approach the
>>>         Hilsch Implosion Vortex with a better understanding as to
>>>         how the 'counter rotating' vortex actions produce a charge
>>>         separation effect and yield a "cold" core output and a "Hot'
>>>         exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my document
>>>         "What is Heat' written back in the 90s. "Heat is positive
>>>         ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since
>>>         electrons have mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth
>>>         Shoulders)  we see how  negative ionized gases (extra
>>>         electrons) are heavier than positive  ionized gases (
>>>         stripped electrons) therefore in an implosion vortex the
>>>         heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the lighter
>>>         gases spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and
>>>         charge separation occurs at the shear lines of the
>>>         counter-rotating gas flows just the same as found in the
>>>         vortex of a well formed tornado in nature.  The result in
>>>         nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge electrical
>>>         discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how things
>>>         really work!    Norm
>>>
>>>         ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
>>>         by
>>>         Rhetta Jacobson
>>>         A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
>>>         energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
>>>         movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
>>>         forces, which were created simultaneously
>>>         and which exist constantly in our Universe.
>>>         All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
>>>         we observe are results of the interplay of this
>>>         motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
>>>         or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
>>>         of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
>>>         All the studies of Science, whether it be light
>>>         refraction and reflection, heat convection,
>>>         sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
>>>         chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
>>>         observations have confronted this motion
>>>         body.
>>>         When we attempt to understand, control,
>>>         copy and work with these phenomena we need
>>>         to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
>>>         one expression they all have in common--the
>>>         vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
>>>         In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
>>>         a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
>>>         a map of the movements and forces and list
>>>         some results a vortex has upon the matter within
>>>         it. First, I will consider the group of particles
>>>         rotating about a common center; but the latter
>>>         list of results will consider a single particle of the
>>>         medium rotating about its own axis and the central
>>>         axis of a vortex motion.
>>>         Scientists have observed different types of
>>>         vortexes and given them separate names.
>>>         There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
>>>         vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
>>>         are the same, closed and perpendicular in
>>>         every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
>>>         there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
>>>         perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
>>>         again separated and typed according to the
>>>         shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
>>>         length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
>>>         has a large diameter compared to its height.
>>>         A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
>>>         to its height.
>>>         Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
>>>         by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
>>>         giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
>>>         a given point in space. Here we should note
>>>         that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
>>>         vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
>>>         flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
>>>         a parabolic rotational movement and call it
>>>         a vortex.
>>>         They say every rotating body is a vortex.
>>>         Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
>>>         With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
>>>         about an axis at its center, the velocity
>>>         increases linearly with the distance from the
>>>         center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
>>>         a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
>>>         to the distance from the stir rod. They
>>>         call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
>>>         have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
>>>         very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
>>>         motion can be observed correctly.
>>>         A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
>>>         vortex is a background energy movement
>>>         which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
>>>         The matter does not create the vortex, the
>>>         matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
>>>         about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
>>>         has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
>>>         it. The observation that velocity increases with
>>>         distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
>>>         force which they are applying to a solid
>>>         body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
>>>         velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
>>>         energy movement. They would do more good
>>>         considering what effect that centrifugal force
>>>         has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
>>>         is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
>>>         which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
>>>         sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
>>>         rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
>>>         example of a dandelion seed where this construction
>>>         and rotation slows its descent. In a
>>>         fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
>>>         action is observed; turbulence is caused by
>>>         action from the center outward.
>>>         The standard definition of a vortex is very
>>>         vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
>>>         few characteristics of this motion body and
>>>         another written definition will include other characteristics.
>>>         Generally, we find some common
>>>         included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
>>>         endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
>>>         axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
>>>         anything caught in the motion is drawn.
>>>         Definitions are usually always accompanied
>>>         with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
>>>         of which very little is known.
>>>         I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
>>>         primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
>>>         resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
>>>         cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
>>>         aging and death segments of its time duration.
>>>         It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
>>>         shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
>>>         about a common center to a conical shape
>>>         and back to planar rings again as one force
>>>         gains preponderance, then the other force, and
>>>         takes the process from stillness to maximum
>>>         motion and then back to stillness.
>>>         Most observations of the vortex pattern are
>>>         incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
>>>         cone. This represents one phase of an overall
>>>         appearance in a medium. It does not show the
>>>         motion interaction occurring inside the motion
>>>         body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
>>>         body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
>>>         of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
>>>         to the description of a wave.
>>>         FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
>>>         To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
>>>         of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
>>>         stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
>>>         all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
>>>         as an opposing movement attempting to
>>>         restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
>>>         in a radiative spiral outward from a common
>>>         center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
>>>         opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
>>>         spiral toward a common center. Its
>>>         movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
>>>         travel are always curved and spiral because of
>>>         the others’ resistance, continuously.
>>>         Resistance to movement from inertia causes
>>>         curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
>>>         Polarity is established as soon as there
>>>         is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
>>>         there is a division and with division there is
>>>         polarity.
>>>         Another mind picture: Picture the point being
>>>         acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
>>>         horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
>>>         resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
>>>         in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
>>>         the center point. The ring waves extend to a
>>>         maximum distance until the resistance
>>>         becomes predominant and pushes them back
>>>         toward the center.
>>>         Each rotating ring meets resistance which
>>>         compresses its dissipation and attempts to
>>>         restore an evacuated space. These rings are
>>>         observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
>>>         exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
>>>         an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
>>>         to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
>>>         beginning of vortex motion.
>>>         The opposing forces acting upon each other
>>>         set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
>>>         opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
>>>         side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
>>>         like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
>>>         forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
>>>         attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
>>>         may be restored out of the motion. Local
>>>         eddies always occur where two movements
>>>         come against each other, for example, whenever
>>>         two streams come against each other, or
>>>         where a moving flow meets a stationary object
>>>         such as water on a rock.
>>>         If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
>>>         to begin a curvature back to a central
>>>         point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
>>>         not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
>>>         as our technology does. Nature was wise
>>>         enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
>>>         possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
>>>         back to the source, the center, to insure that the
>>>         instability and tensions that were created could
>>>         be forever repeated so work could be performed.
>>>         The concentric rings rotating about the
>>>         sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
>>>         between each one in series. The first
>>>         ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
>>>         tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
>>>         of deflection to throw back to the center, when
>>>         the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
>>>         This causes more numbers of tiny local
>>>         boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
>>>         rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
>>>         against inertia.
>>>         The second ring has less centrifugal force or
>>>         outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
>>>         raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
>>>         amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
>>>         number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
>>>         however, they can be larger in diameter
>>>         and rotate faster because the ring is already
>>>         of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
>>>         to aid the centripetal throw back.
>>>         If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
>>>         to come from the center source (as from
>>>         a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
>>>         eventually the surrounding rings close to the
>>>         central point are pushed further apart, weakening
>>>         the centripetal ability. Every force has a
>>>         binding field, even in an open system. Even a
>>>         non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
>>>         movement meets a boundary wall and curves
>>>         against its direction and begins to loop back
>>>         upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
>>>         curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
>>>         a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
>>>         in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
>>>         according to their curvature, focal length,
>>>         etc., come into plan and influence whatever
>>>         passes through them. The undulations and
>>>         small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
>>>         rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
>>>         of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
>>>         or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
>>>         off either toward the centrifugal direction or
>>>         toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
>>>         push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
>>>         which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
>>>         multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
>>>         central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
>>>         not throw off much on their periphery, but they
>>>         orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
>>>         help the centripetal force hold the momentum
>>>         there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
>>>         faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
>>>         ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
>>>         (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
>>>         because they throw off more along their periphery.
>>>         When the inward compression (centripetal)
>>>         force is predominant the amplitude of each
>>>         shock wave increases and moves the whole
>>>         series of waves toward the center, compacting
>>>         the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
>>>         results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
>>>         to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
>>>         again, up and down. This movement
>>>         meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
>>>         and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
>>>         axis.
>>>         COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
>>>         We now have a picture of a vortex formation
>>>         from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
>>>         directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
>>>         to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
>>>         directions of motion interacting within, setting
>>>         up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
>>>         boundary walls and naturally establishing
>>>         a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
>>>         which represents the pulsation battle occurring
>>>         between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
>>>         spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
>>>         The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
>>>         Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
>>>         own resistance and has its equal and opposite
>>>         potential motion body to unite, propagate and
>>>         return to stillness.
>>>         Very briefly, let us go through the aging
>>>         process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
>>>         consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
>>>         drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
>>>         and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
>>>         slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
>>>         then as the outward, resistance force
>>>         takes preponderance the vortex widens and
>>>         flattens, as in the drawings.
>>>         Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
>>>         closer together and then is pushed further
>>>         apart.
>>>         Each concentric spiral is centered around a
>>>         vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
>>>         vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
>>>         becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
>>>         wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
>>>         and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
>>>         axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
>>>         on a plane.
>>>         The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
>>>         in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
>>>         forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
>>>         shape again.
>>>         The contest between the two forces develops
>>>         pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
>>>         different pressures, different densities, and
>>>         potentials, and holds them in concentrated
>>>         form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
>>>         At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
>>>         rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
>>>         which act as lenses affecting the passage from
>>>         one layer to the next in series as described.
>>>         Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
>>>         space? We always must! We have three axes
>>>         to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
>>>         is where rotation occurs around the center,
>>>         where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
>>>         centrifugal force can express in preponderance
>>>         to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
>>>         through dissipation, separation and explosion.
>>>         Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
>>>         forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
>>>         one plane of stillness.
>>>         The second axis is the vertical one which is
>>>         the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
>>>         is lengthened when the centripetal force
>>>         expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
>>>         be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
>>>         in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
>>>         solid matter back to an energy transformation
>>>         through implosion.
>>>         In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
>>>         perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
>>>         only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
>>>         duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
>>>         a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
>>>         a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
>>>         from one end of its swing to the other end.
>>>         Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
>>>         stages between the perfect axis alignment.
>>>         Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
>>>         motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
>>>         force, thus the wobble of the vertical
>>>         axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
>>>         no motion and no work expressed in the
>>>         Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
>>>         ARE because of the battle between the two
>>>         forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
>>>         process from stillness to maximum motion and
>>>         back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
>>>         two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
>>>         to cause work or motion.
>>>         Motion bodies and matter have different
>>>         characteristics and manifestations according to
>>>         which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
>>>         which axis) is predominant.
>>>         The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
>>>         It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
>>>         matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
>>>         crystallized along the way. However, all matter
>>>
>

NormanA fascinating read.I can relate to your research work with cavitation vortex explosions.These are the nasty cause of impingement corosion inside the bends of pipes, where actual material from the pipes gets removed in funny little ridges, and grooves.My friend, Russell, a nuclear physicist, now retired from Ontario Hydro, described the light, he witnessed coming from clear glass elbows, of a cooling circuit he was studying back in the Eighties, for a nuclear reactor cooling system.The same is likely the cause of some speed boat propeller metal being subject pock marks and grooves. If anybody bothered to look carefully, there may have been light.An interesting aside, might be the observation of the algae in tropical saltwater, when flushing the marine toilet in Solstice Moon, which had a clear plastic intake hose that would light up like a florescent tube, when you pumped the handle in the dark.I wonder what energy these creatures were responding to?Is that Professor Philip Callahan from University of Florida, at Gainesville? If so, he was a very nice man, who was most kind, regarding research information concerning an invention I was working on. He was a very broad spectrum scientist, linking biology and physics.I look forward to more of your storyCheers Warren

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Tue, 11 Dec 2018 at 9:39 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
 

 
 
When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.
 
 

 
 
Norman L. Wootan
 
13723 Lynndale Loop
 
 
Abbeville, LA 70510
 
 
[email protected]
 
(214)907-0010
 
 
 
Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems
 
The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of technology for the VES program.
 
Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in the  summer of 2001 searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
 
I digress here:  In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.  Was not able to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.   An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.  A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype development.  I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.  In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.  My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!  I have provided you in previous documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the slip.  GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.  See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.  In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his heart out!  Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.  Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight and thinking ahead!  I have a complete historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial Investors.  I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.  The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.  This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
 
 
 
Next!  The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly improved Tesla Turbine)
 
To be continued in next message:
 
 

Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems
 
This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:  The Implosion Vortex Turbine.
 
Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the Technology of Nikola Tesla.  I have everything that has ever been written by or about this “genius”.  Of very special interest was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.   After doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never divulged all of the technology!  I went to the very “top” internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.  Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.  Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.  I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.  At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
 
After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for power generation”?  My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.  I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the turbine.  Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate in the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.  I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.  To achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.  This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!  (MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really alternators).  “Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this System in our files!   This is a unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
 
No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such very high performance and efficiency.
 
 
 
Next segment: MVR
 
 

This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.  Back in 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.  I explored all facets of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems.  Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater than  1:1.  This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.  It was previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!  NASA was right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.  Attached is my Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.  Jim was excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
 
When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.  The total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by others.  Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. All of these things work like a “charm” but are not currently being utilized.  What a shame.  When Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.  There is also an environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.  All of this we can fix!      You will find all of this information in Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of music!   Diffuser patent attached!
 
Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
 
 

This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
 
Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.  There were several options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage in high pressure wells.  Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.   Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and systems.  I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio growth.  Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.  Careful study revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or understand.  Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!  Now consider, after careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.  Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?  Most algae species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.  Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.  Optimize everything!  With the algae species selected based on our desired output (lipid % vs. protein).  The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!  Now we can order the LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.  Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the footprint.  I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.  Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).  Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!  In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.  If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.  Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.  Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
 
In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.  My curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost white like froth.  When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.  Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.  On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition of a “calorie “was wrong!  I built several Diffusers and found that I could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!  I did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.  The water contained super high levels of oxygen.  This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.  After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.  When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!  Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.  I call that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into our System.  I am an accomplished machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.  You are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.  Day to day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs  “night vision” was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army Material Command.  What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX  “Battle Creek Farms”.
 
You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to speak!  There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.  Rather “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
 
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Randy, the first prototype Sonodiffuser designed specifically for 
imprinting oxygen into water used even-odd numbers of holes in rotor vs 
stator ( no two holes crossing at same time) at a diameter of 1/4 inch 
bore with a 1/4 inch depth with standard drill bit taper at point. an 
oxygen feed hole was drilled with 1/16 inch bit so as to feed rotor with 
pressurized oxygen through hub. The reason it was called Sono- diffuser 
was that it operated in high sonic frequency due to different rows of 
holes having different numbers of holes. You have to understand the 
concept or principle of beat frequencies, sum and difference and 
harmonics. One rotor with 6 rows of holes, each row different number of 
holes gave a great number of permutations.� See, Sono-Chemistry.� Have 
fun for this is very simple and does imprint oxygen in water that 
persist for long storage times. Like months. University of Texas 
Professors were stymied trying to explain now the water moleculs held 
the oxygen. Moray King told me it was at the Nano level. 600% 
(60mg/liter) persist for nearly a month in storage.� Remember saturation 
of water by oxygen is 100% = 10mg/liter.� Ice cold flowing water in 
streams can take water to supersaturated condition of 120% where trout 
and other fish will� die.

THE INTENTION EXPERIMENT

The Roy Water Experi

ment: April 26, 2008

With this study we wished to delve further into water, by testing

whether intention can changes the molecular structure of water.

This time, we decided to work with Rustum Roy, professor of

materials science at Pennsylvania State University, who is arguably

one of the world�s experts on wate

r. We wished ascertain whether

there were any changes in the structural organization of our water

sample by looking for any changes in the scattering of light waves

through our water sample.

Structured water

The way in which water molecules cluster together can vary

enormously. For instance, water can contain molecular clusters of

up to several hundred H

2

O units apiece.

The �structure� of water, from a scientific point of view, refers to the

molecular arrangements of individual water molecules (which are,

you know two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen). The

molecules form units, or �clusters�, which remain stable anywhere

from a part of a second to several weeks.

As Dr. Roy explains it, think of water molecules as analogous to

individual bricks. When you assemble them into a house, the

various rooms you�ve created with bricks put together in a

particular fashion are its structure.

�Structured water is found in the cytoplasm of healthy tissues and it

is characterized by having a high

solubility for body minerals. It is

also found in healing waters. This appears to be the structure

shared by very different healing wa

ters from some healing spas to

silver aquasols used worldwide,� says Roy.

Weak bonds

Structured waters have been produced in laboratory experiments

using various forms of energy, such as light, sound, heat, pressure

and radiation.

As Roy has written, water molecules adhere not only through

hydrogen bonds but also a wide ra

nge of very weak bonds (known

as van der Waals bonds�).

�It is this range of very weak bonds that could account for the

remarkable ease of changing the structure of water, which in turn

could help explain the half doze

n well-known anomalies in its

properties,� writes Roy.

�In its subtler form, such weak bonds would also allow for the

changes of structure caused by electric and magnetic fields and by

radiation of all kinds, including possibly so-called �subtle energies�,

which are the basis of an enormous range of claims about specially

�structured� water,� he says.

This is important, in terms of determining the power of intention,

because it is �structure (not composition) that largely controls

properties and structures can easily be changed-without any change

of composition,� says Roy.

A perfect example of this is diamond and graphite. Both share

identical composition, yet diamond is one of the hardest substances

on earth and graphite one of the softest.

Healing intentions

�Besides being physically necessary

to life, since ancient times,

water has been closely associated with the psyche, intuition and

healing, and many ancient cultures acknowledge that the great flow

of life is absolutely and inextric

ably linked to water,� he says.

�Although this link has been ignored by modern medical research,

most religious traditions give water a key place in their rituals �

from baptisms and anointing to special blessings.

�It may well be that these blessings, given with true loving

intentions, actually change the structure � hence the properties � of

water. That is the basis of our experiment.

Measuring subtle changes

In this experiment, we used Raman spectroscopy to measure any

change. In 1928, an Indian

physicist named Chandrasekhara

Venkata Raman discovered that when

light is transmitted through

matter, part of the light scatters randomly. A small portion of this

light has different (usually lower)

frequencies to that of the light

source.

This discovery earned Raman a Nobel Prize in 1930. Then, in 1998,

the Raman Effect, as it grew to be called, was named as an ACS

National Historical Chemical La

ndmark in recognition of its

usefulness as a tool for analyzing the composition of liquids, gases

and solids.

The Raman Effect is usually caused by a subtle change in the

vibration of a molecule, caused by a number of factors. Scientists

like Dr. Rustum Roy have recorded changes in the structure of

water molecules with electromagnetic radiation. So with this

experiment, we decided to examine whether the energy of our

collective thoughts can cause these changes.

Any changes in the scattering of light rays would suggest changes

in the structure of the water molecules themselves.

The scientists chose to use Raman spectroscopy because they

discovered one published study showing that Qigong Grandmaster

called Dr. Yan Xin significantly altered the structure of a water

sample, as measured by a Raman spectrometer, when he sent his

Qi from a place seven kilometers away from the water sample.

The importance of the Raman effect and the Raman spectroscopy,

in terms of Intention Experiment, is that we employed a system of

measurement that is universally recognized by the scientific

community to record any sort of subtle change.

How the experiment worked

In the experiment, a probe was inserted into a beaker of water

sample and measurements were taken periodically with the Raman

spectrograph (shown below) for several hours before the

experiment began.

A long cable connected the probe to

a highly sensitive CCD camera

on the instrument sensed any the weak Raman scattering from the

water molecules as they vibrated in response to a red laser light on

the water sample.

According to our protocol, the team continued to take

measurements of the water at regular intervals since the scientists

did not know exactly when we were going to send intention.

Dr. Roy and his team measured the �before� state of the water,

which was essentially identical to the blue curve shown in the graph

below.

All of the participants focused on changing the waters in the same

direction as other healing waters � to look more like the green

curve in the figure.

Unusual calibrations

Professor Roy and his colleagues, Dr. Manju Rao and Dr. Tania

Slawecki, found had a great deal of variation in the water one hour

before

we sent intention.

Our sample water had enormous variation in light scattering to

begin with � a situation that became apparent when the data was

graphed in a different program. So it is possible that the water itself

went through changes before the official time we were supposed to

send intention.

Ultimately, they determined that

our results were inconclusive.

On 12/11/2018 2:43 PM, Randy H�bert [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Very interesting stuff Norman, thanks for posting. Would you be 
> willing to divulge how deep the holes in the rotor and stator were? I 
> know it most likely depends on what fluid you're using and what you're 
> trying to accomplish. Just looking for a good starting point for 
> increasing the oxygen in water. Seems like the benefits are endless.
>
> Thanks.
>
> ------ Original message------
> *From: *Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]
> *Date: *Tue, Dec 11, 2018 9:22 AM
> *To: *[email protected];Bert Pool;Bob Paddock;Lane 
> Wootan;Mbking42;Steven Elswick;Toby Grotz;Phil Rembold;Angel 
> Alvarez;Fredric Fletcher;Jeane Manning;Jon Gentry;
> *Cc: *
> *Subject:*Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.
>
>
> 	
>
> ( 1of1)
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> United States Patent
>
> 	
>
> 6,386,751
>
> Wootan , � et al.
>
> 	
>
> May 14, 2002
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Diffuser/emulsifier
>
> Abstract
>
> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
> relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
> openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
> openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
> resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
> and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and 
> stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
> frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between 
> the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective 
> in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Inventors:
>
> 	
>
> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>
> Assignee:
>
> 	
>
> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>
> Appl. No.:
>
> 	
>
> 08/957,530
>
> Filed:
>
> 	
>
> October 24, 1997
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Current U.S. Class:
>
> 	
>
> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>
> Current International Class:
>
> 	
>
> B01F 7/00�(20060101); B01F 3/08�(20060101); B01F 3/04�(20060101)
>
> Field of Search:
>
> 	
>
> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> References Cited _[Referenced By] 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> U.S. Patent Documents
>
>
> 	
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> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3333771>_
>
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>
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> _3791349 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>_
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> _4004553 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4004553>_
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>
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> _4136971 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4136971>_
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> January 1979
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> _4143639 
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>
> 	
> 	
>
> March 1979
>
> 	
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>
> Frenette
>
>
> 	
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> _4361414 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4361414>_
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> November 1982
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> Nemes et al.
>
>
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>
> _4424797 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> January 1984
>
> 	
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>
> Perkins
>
>
> 	
>
> _4778336 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4778336>_
>
> 	
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>
> October 1988
>
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>
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> _5188090 
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>
> 	
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>
> February 1993
>
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>
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> _5263774 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5263774>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> November 1993
>
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>
> Delcourt
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>
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>
> _5419306 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> May 1995
>
> 	
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>
> Huffman
>
>
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>
> _5590961 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> January 1997
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Rasmussen
>
>
> 	
>
> _5782556 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> July 1998
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Chu
>
>
> 	
>
> _5810052 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> September 1998
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Kozyuk
>
>
> 	
> 	
> 	
> 	
> 	
>
> Other References
>
>
> Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved 
> on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
> <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
> Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
> site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>
>
> /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
> /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
> /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, 
> L.L.P.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /Claims/
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> What is claimed is:
>
> 1. A diffuser comprising:
>
> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>
> a second member having a first side positioned relative to said 
> surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through 
> which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel 
> flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet 
> through a second side of said second member is introduced, said 
> diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is 
> provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation 
> thereof; and
>
> means for moving said first material through said channel relative to 
> said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material 
> within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first 
> material.
>
> 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a 
> surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>
> 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
> disturbances comprise impressions.
>
> 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.
>
> 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.
>
> 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise 
> protrusions.
>
> 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>
> 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.
>
> 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member 
> and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass 
> said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first 
> material.
>
> 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
> first member and said second member for passing two different 
> materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.
>
> 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing 
> said first and second materials through said channel.
>
> 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving 
> said first and second materials through said channel.
>
> 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
> cylindrical shape.
>
> 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.
>
> 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical 
> shape.
>
> 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical 
> shape.
>
> 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
> hemispherical shape.
>
> 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
> against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more 
> discrete frequencies.
>
> 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
> comprising the steps of:
>
> inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed 
> between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a 
> substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet 
> to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;
>
> inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
> member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and
>
> moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
> cause said first and second materials to be compressed and 
> decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within 
> said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.
>
> 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second 
> members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>
> 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.
>
> 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.
>
> 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances 
> positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material 
> at a known frequency.
>
> 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned 
> in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first 
> material at respective discrete frequencies.
>
> 25. A diffuser comprising:
>
> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>
> a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
> disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a 
> channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective 
> member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;
>
> a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said 
> channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous 
> flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout 
> operation thereof;
>
> a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
> surface of said second member such that said second material is input 
> through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first 
> material; and
>
> a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
> other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
> material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into 
> said first material.
>
> 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and 
> said second material is a gas.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /Description/
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>
> Not Applicable
>
> STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>
> Not Applicable
>
> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>
> 1. Technical Field
>
> This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, 
> to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid 
> into a material.
>
> 2. Description of the Related Art
>
> In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
> material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a 
> subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one 
> liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not 
> mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the 
> diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities 
> aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to 
> stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of 
> biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the 
> amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to 
> sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic 
> matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as 
> iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>
> There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine 
> aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller 
> which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be 
> sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system 
> produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects 
> the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device 
> have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 
> ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring 
> levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is 
> considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX 
> device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased 
> oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% 
> dissolved oxygen levels.
>
> Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
> oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
> wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would 
> be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation 
> would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment 
> facilities.
>
> Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
> diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.
>
> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>
> In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a 
> surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
> positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
> through which a first material and a second material may flow. The 
> first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to 
> create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second 
> material into the first material.
>
> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
> the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
> can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
> consistent diffusion.
>
> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>
> For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
> advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following 
> descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in 
> which:
>
> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block 
> diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>
> FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
> diffuser;
>
> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
> diffuser;
>
> FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>
> FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly 
> in a second embodiment of the invention;
>
> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment 
> of the invention;
>
> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the 
> invention;
>
> FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating 
> the diffusion; and
>
> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the 
> invention.
>
> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>
> The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of 
> the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the 
> various drawings.
>
> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
> cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
> diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
> (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid 
> material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a 
> normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be 
> in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.
>
> A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. 
> Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first 
> infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 
> 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a 
> desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed 
> therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred 
> embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger 
> borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various 
> shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in 
> FIG. 1) or curved.
>
> A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the 
> rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The 
> stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A 
> housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second 
> infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 
> 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. 
> Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. 
> An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 
> 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by 
> motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.
>
> In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through 
> inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material 
> on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass 
> through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion 
> materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The 
> infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the 
> host material from passing through openings 22.
>
> The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for 
> the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different 
> infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. 
> Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into 
> both inlets.
>
> In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels 
> of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests 
> using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material 
> have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with 
> the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.
>
> The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is 
> believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in 
> connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth 
> surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary 
> layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface 
> tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The 
> openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause 
> compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure during 
> the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will 
> form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow 
> pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure 
> draws the host material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 
> 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures 
> result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock 
> wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The energy associated 
> with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the 
> host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular 
> level.
>
> The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings 
> that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the 
> device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic 
> frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that 
> operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides 
> the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the 
> fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion 
> materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency 
> at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of 
> diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion material 
> in the host material.
>
> In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
> desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case 
> of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
> succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
> (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can 
> be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures 
> at a high efficiency.
>
> Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. 
> In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical 
> reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a 
> piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem associated 
> with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound waves do not 
> provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; rather, the 
> desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. The present 
> invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced throughout a 
> material using a simple mechanical device.
>
> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 
> and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
> rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
> (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
> disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a 
> different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In 
> similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of 
> openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To 
> ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays 
> will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a 
> given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the 
> number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. 
> Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced 
> around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings 
> spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>
> As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array 
> will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing 
> different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will 
> result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of 
> frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown 
> impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.
>
> FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
> stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form 
> the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 
> uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can 
> be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each 
> borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 
> is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed 
> in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other 
> methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.
>
> FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 
> 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in 
> these figures.
>
> FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment 
> where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates 
> a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above 
> and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a 
> plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, 
> which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As 
> before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or 
> less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent 
> simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 
> 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves 
> as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first 
> infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the 
> housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material 
> flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is 
> subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing 
> a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. 
> The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>
> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
> plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 
> 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different 
> frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed 
> on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be 
> formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.
>
> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
> where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 
> 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the 
> motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of the 
> rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical 
> shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at 
> the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one 
> opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent 
> simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow 
> shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor 
> for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the 
> stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As 
> the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is 
> subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing 
> a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. 
> The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>
> In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 
> 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple 
> frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of 
> shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to 
> realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>
> The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. 
> Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width 
> of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be 
> dependent upon the application of the device.
>
> As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In 
> this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second 
> infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or 
> other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. 
> It has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to 
> approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations 
> expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests 
> which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water 
> at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved 
> oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved 
> oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained 
> above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% 
> dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved 
> oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 
> kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the 
> orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on 
> the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could 
> significantly increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>
> Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other 
> toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials 
> and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, 
> the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host 
> material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as 
> described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of 
> openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an 
> destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the 
> complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the 
> treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous 
> substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was 
> known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of 
> frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could 
> be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and 
> highly structured substance.
>
> For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and 
> second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.
>
> While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in 
> connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater 
> remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as 
> drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>
> The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion 
> of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of 
> the host material. Examples of such applications would include the 
> homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other 
> applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and 
> gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.
>
> FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
> stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the 
> frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
> rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one 
> of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material 
> through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion 
> material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has 
> its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The 
> cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the 
> accompanying orifices 24.
>
> In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is 
> passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the 
> borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous 
> embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the 
> borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along 
> the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and 
> rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the 
> micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion produced 
> by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are 
> produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and 
> contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the 
> frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
> produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of 
> the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the 
> channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host 
> material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant 
> shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.
>
> FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host 
> material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of 
> channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) 
> is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and 
> the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between 
> the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the 
> compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation 
> in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.
>
> Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
> performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in 
> the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface 
> disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along 
> the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as 
> bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in 
> conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes 
> could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could 
> be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation 
> and shock waves.
>
> As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
> generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
> rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
> disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather 
> than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the 
> cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed 
> on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, 
> as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of 
> the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to create the 
> cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be 
> more efficient if both surfaces are used.
>
> FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
> cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained 
> infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and 
> stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed 
> between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or 
> both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The 
> host material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump 
> or other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion 
> materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by 
> mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the 
> channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 
> causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.
>
> As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, 
> through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host 
> material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would 
> cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows 
> over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would 
> depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host 
> material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the 
> host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.
>
> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 
> 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host 
> material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream 
> from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other 
> device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger 
> shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more 
> surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 
> 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high 
> degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller 
> blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create 
> the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes 
> described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw 
> the materials through the conduit.
>
> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
> the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
> can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
> consistent diffusion.
>
> Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed 
> to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
> embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to 
> those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications 
> or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
>> take credit for your hard work.� Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) 
>> after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
>> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>
>> �Sonodiffuser�
>>
>> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>
>> 9/24/2012
>>
>> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to �GOD� truth 
>> behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
>> �Sonodiffuser� aka, shown on the below Patent as 
>> �Diffuser/emulsifier�. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
>> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
>> widely known as a �no bullshit� sort of guy, do hereby give the 
>> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent 
>> shown below, the Inventor!
>>
>> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>
>>
>>
>> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>
>>
>> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>
>>
>> 	
>>
>> ( 1of1)
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> United States Patent
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 6,386,751
>>
>> Wootan , et al.
>>
>> 	
>>
>> May 14, 2002
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>
>> Abstract
>>
>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Inventors:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>
>> Assignee:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>
>> Appl. No.:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 08/957,530
>>
>> Filed:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> October 24, 1997
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Current U.S. Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>
>> Current International Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> B01F 7/00�(20060101); B01F 3/08�(20060101); B01F 3/04�(20060101)
>>
>> Field of Search:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development 
>> for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and 
>> exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in 
>> the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of 
>> maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It 
>> was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the 
>> domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
>> This device �tweaked� my interest for the heat output showed an 
>> �anomaly� as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
>> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
>> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
>> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
>> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
>> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
>> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a 
>> �hot� trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.My 
>> next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former 
>> employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as 
>> the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from 
>> several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers 
>> and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more 
>> energy in the form of Btu�s than the input energy in kWh electrical. 
>> A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the 
>> similarities between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out 
>> at the Patent Office due to �prior art�.
>>
>> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
>> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly 
>> violate the �Law of Conservation of Energy�.My prototype (still have 
>> it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the 
>> rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type 
>> of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass 
>> cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed 
>> the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on 
>> puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a 
>> high speed strobe tach to �stop action� the rotor which was turning 
>> at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro 
>> tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the 
>> rotor and the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the 
>> vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream 
>> cones together at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects 
>> are now caused by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat 
>> propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive to metals 
>> if allowed to persist.A micro cavitation is a vortex that �implodes� 
>> with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is 
>> proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is 
>> split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process 
>> occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue 
>> light spectrum.The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the 
>> cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire 
>> device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by 
>> NASA investigation.
>>
>> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
>> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
>> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was 
>> to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen 
>> into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor 
>> and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex 
>> generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher 
>> level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
>>
>> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including 
>> Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the 
>> oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was 
>> immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before 
>> Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about 
>> �sonochemistry�. He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and 
>> wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of 
>> promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new 
>> rotary device, larger but with same design features.I designed all 
>> the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate 
>> neighborhood.About a week later everything was finished at a cost of 
>> $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.On our first 
>> runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen 
>> which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for 
>> days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood 
>> wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to 
>> provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable 
>> product.Ann Wilson joined our new company which became �Life 
>> Affirming Technologies�.An attorney was brought on board from Austin 
>> who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a 
>> lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical 
>> description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had 
>> completed all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation 
>> as to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments 
>> needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
>>
>> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
>> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
>> Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla 
>> Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris 
>> said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested 
>> in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought 
>> Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.When 
>> the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, 
>> Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share 
>> interest.I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental 
>> work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have the original Corp 
>> documents with shares in �Life Affirming Technologies�. All necessary 
>> shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a 
>> monthly basis.
>>
>> I had been told by a �back door� source to watch Tony Wood when it 
>> came to Patent work for he had �weaseled� his way into numerous TI 
>> Patents by being on the �team �to develop new technology.When the 
>> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, 
>> Tony Wood had pulled the �sleight of hand� that I suspected. When 
>> more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes 
>> into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was 
>> shown as first inventor.�No way� was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson 
>> was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened 
>> hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his 
>> �head� if he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. 
>> All of this technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was 
>> the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>>
>> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels 
>> as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like 
>> Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically 
>> without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.Our 
>> plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and 
>> growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>>
>> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen 
>> to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
>> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
>> �tingled �as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>>
>> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
>> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
>> that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
>> colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We experimented 
>> successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.We 
>> also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures 
>> (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated 
>> the sonodiffuser as a�sparger� by diffusing nitrogen into the water 
>> which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth 
>> of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence 
>> of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
>>
>> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>
>> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>
>> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>
>> After I sold my �Intellectual Property� right to Revalesio Corp, Tony 
>> Wood went �nuts� filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>>
>> Revalesio Corp, �left on the table� my latest version of a �Super 
>> Diffusor� which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our 
>> CO2 sequestration system as a �sparger for harmful oxygen by use of 
>> nitrogen.
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor 
>>> led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. 
>>> (SIUC)
>>>
>>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at 
>>> *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to 
>>> announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration 
>>> to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA�s FALCON 
>>> Hypersonic Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of 
>>> this unique interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered 
>>> into a */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the 
>>> development, application and commercialization, through licensing, 
>>> of application specific, architectural combinations of design, 
>>> construction, materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet 
>>> identified operational component needs using proprietary 
>>> CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology, know-how and 
>>> intellectual property.
>>>
>>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low 
>>> Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite 
>>> Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the 
>>> development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production 
>>> and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, �Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon 
>>> (HMCC)� Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break 
>>> through performance improvements.
>>>
>>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
>>> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
>>> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
>>> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>>>
>>> �Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>
>>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>>> Practically Eliminated
>>>
>>> �Wear � Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
>>> Energy Loading Conditions
>>>
>>> �Oxidation � Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC 
>>> System
>>>
>>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>>> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
>>> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
>>> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As 
>>> the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need 
>>> exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
>>> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>>>
>>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners 
>>> _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified 
>>> by :
>>>
>>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15� Dia), Material Property and 
>>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 � 9 Mo)
>>>
>>> 2.Phase 2 � Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet 
>>> Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9� 12 Mo)
>>>
>>> 3.Phase 3 � Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be 
>>> overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>
>>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
>>> each application specific component (Product) development
>>>
>>> �Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to 
>>> Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>
>>> �Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and 
>>> Cleaning Support Only!
>>>
>>> �Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time � Current 
>>> Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>
>>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, 
>>> or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, 
>>> Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: 
>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter 
>>> Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>
>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame 
>>>> for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.� I have 
>>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group 
>>>> site for your research use if you choose.� In retrospect, I have 
>>>> realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. 
>>>> from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla 
>>>> and even Hector.� I have always tried to share knowledge for the 
>>>> benefit of all.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>
>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>
>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>
>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>
>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to �VES� Green Energy 
>>>> Systems
>>>>
>>>> The �Implosion Vortex Reactor� (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>>
>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>>> searching for an �ultra high temp.� ceramic material, his intense 
>>>> interest was �tweaked� in this technology!
>>>>
>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
>>>> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of 
>>>> reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first 
>>>> prototype 304 stainless �Implosion Vortex Reactor�.Was not able to 
>>>> arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor 
>>>> Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a 
>>>> formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent 
>>>> process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to 
>>>> Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and 
>>>> Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research 
>>>> lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the 
>>>> purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly contact with Jim 
>>>> due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded 
>>>> ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her 
>>>> Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. 
>>>> While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 
>>>> aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second 
>>>> working, �proof of concept reactor� from 310 stainless steel) Jim 
>>>> asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion 
>>>> Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed 
>>>> densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided you in previous 
>>>> documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which 
>>>> we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 
>>>> 2006, at the �Proof of concept� test of stainless IVR attended by 6 
>>>> Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned 
>>>> that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has 
>>>> misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to 
>>>> the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of 
>>>> which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the 
>>>> slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took 
>>>> possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and 
>>>> U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the 
>>>> IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my 
>>>> basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required 
>>>> densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal 
>>>> environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the 
>>>> �Implosion Vortex Reactor� at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab 
>>>> Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim 
>>>> was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the 
>>>> Patents, I left a lot of the �technology� undisclosed so as to have 
>>>> the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with 
>>>> our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big �atta boy� for having the 
>>>> forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of 
>>>> the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US 
>>>> Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set 
>>>> of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at 
>>>> Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same docs were 
>>>> provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will 
>>>> give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our �VES� 
>>>> Program!
>>>>
>>>> Next!The �Implosion Vortex Turbine� our �Prime Mover�(my vastly 
>>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>
>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to �VES� Green Energy 
>>>> Systems
>>>>
>>>> This is the second Technology for the �VES� Project:The Implosion 
>>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>>
>>>> Since back in the early 70�s I have been an �avid� Researcher in 
>>>> the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
>>>> written by or about this �genius�.Of very special interest was his 
>>>> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing 
>>>> extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly 
>>>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked 
>>>> for Tesla was very �shrewd� in writing his patents and never 
>>>> divulged all of the technology!I went to the very �top� internet 
>>>> sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that 
>>>> no one had a �clue� as to how it really was intended to work at the 
>>>> �super high thermal conversion� figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP 
>>>> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded 
>>>> with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack 
>>>> of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the 
>>>> needed stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the 
>>>> Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary 
>>>> Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal 
>>>> thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR 
>>>> unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the 
>>>> technology.I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure 
>>>> of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the 
>>>> labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational 
>>>> efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.At the 
>>>> International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated 
>>>> this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum 
>>>> and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>
>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under �VES� his next question was 
>>>> �Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR 
>>>> for power generation�?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to 
>>>> which Jim said, �Please educate me for I have not heard of this 
>>>> before�.I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with 
>>>> stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
>>>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim 
>>>> quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that 
>>>> he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully 
>>>> operate in the required environment and would be impervious to 
>>>> erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.I laid 
>>>> out in �Flow block� diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer 
>>>> Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the 
>>>> operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low 
>>>> temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the �off the charts� 
>>>> thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) 
>>>> Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the 
>>>> System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 
>>>> Energy in vs. thermal output.This is totally achievable in the 
>>>> modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be 
>>>> address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the 
>>>> current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and 
>>>> very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or 
>>>> conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the 
>>>> generators (really alternators).�Carnot� cycle� or method of 
>>>> calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at 
>>>> relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying 
>>>> design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most 
>>>> maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation 
>>>> of this System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be 
>>>> prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>>>
>>>> No one has put together the �blocks� for such a System that has 
>>>> such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>
>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>
>>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 
>>>> 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a 
>>>> very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic 
>>>> heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets 
>>>> of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal 
>>>> storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the 
>>>> absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. Home heating 
>>>> systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to 
>>>> produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by 
>>>> NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent 
>>>> Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.It was previously 
>>>> thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was 
>>>> right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the 
>>>> secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which 
>>>> disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the 
>>>> billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination 
>>>> (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length 
>>>> light photon emission.Attached is my Patent of this technology 
>>>> known as the �Sono Diffuser�.Jim was excited to learn of this 
>>>> device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor 
>>>> system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for 
>>>> algae production. Oxygen is a �killer� of algae since we have to 
>>>> maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>>>
>>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>>>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>>>> prototyping on my farm for a �stand alone� home power system that 
>>>> also produced �pure water� all from the �ambient�.The total System 
>>>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>>>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same 
>>>> block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our �VES� System). Heat 
>>>> scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no 
>>>> one has anything like this for its principles of operation are 
>>>> unknown by others.Gray water and �heat of condensation� during the 
>>>> production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the 
>>>> process. All of these things work like a �charm� but are not 
>>>> currently being utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the 
>>>> state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling 
>>>> tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the 
>>>> advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure 
>>>> water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat 
>>>> of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and 
>>>> drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a 
>>>> prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production 
>>>> of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. 
>>>> The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased 
>>>> by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being �blown off� to 
>>>> the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also an 
>>>> environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams 
>>>> etc.All of this we can fix!You will find all of this information in 
>>>> Jim�s files for as he incorporated it into the �VES� System he 
>>>> would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. 
>>>> Jim and I were �totally� on the same page of music!Diffuser patent 
>>>> attached!
>>>>
>>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>
>>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
>>>> incorporated into the �VES�for carbon remediation.
>>>>
>>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the �Implosion Vortex Reactor� 
>>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage 
>>>> in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in 
>>>> CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots 
>>>> of information regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim 
>>>> about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC 
>>>> which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day 
>>>> vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light 
>>>> availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio 
>>>> growth.Mid 90�s I became a �fan� of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who 
>>>> wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.Careful study 
>>>> revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or 
>>>> understand.Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the 
>>>> human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for 
>>>> photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon 
>>>> to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now consider, 
>>>> after careful study you will find that the �green wavelength� in 
>>>> the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the 
>>>> photo process.Now if the leaves are absorbing the �green� 
>>>> wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae 
>>>> species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, �red 
>>>> bloom� or �red tide� as you have seen when the water is depleted of 
>>>> oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told 
>>>> Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light 
>>>> wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize 
>>>> growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
>>>> everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired 
>>>> output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more 
>>>> biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the 
>>>> LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel 
>>>> arrays.Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container 
>>>> like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the 
>>>> footprint.I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels 
>>>> and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid 
>>>> media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and 
>>>> fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates 
>>>> to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
>>>> calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in 
>>>> density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and 
>>>> nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered what 
>>>> Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae growth cycle 
>>>> there is an accumulation of �poisonous oxygen� for when the CO2 is 
>>>> broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed 
>>>> to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic 
>>>> state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim 
>>>> just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using 
>>>> nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono 
>>>> Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>
>>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values 
>>>> caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the 
>>>> outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the 
>>>> fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the 
>>>> microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light 
>>>> the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser 
>>>> light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated 
>>>> with a very high speed strobe light I could �stop action� and see 
>>>> the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness 
>>>> the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite 
>>>> overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond 
>>>> momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue 
>>>> light photon and resulting heat.Thus I found the secret behind the 
>>>> COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the 
>>>> Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them 
>>>> think that the definition of a �calorie �was wrong!I built several 
>>>> Diffusers and found that I could �imprint� oxygen into water at the 
>>>> 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!I 
>>>> did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include 
>>>> ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, 
>>>> accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have 
>>>> to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for 
>>>> oxygen absorption.The water contained super high levels of 
>>>> oxygen.This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water 
>>>> falls where fish will die from what is known as �bleeding gill� 
>>>> disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 
>>>> 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in 
>>>> the fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations 
>>>> etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold 
>>>> my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better 
>>>> �mouse trap� but they declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the �Super 
>>>> Sono Diffuser� which is so radically different it will not infringe 
>>>> on the original Patent.I call that �thinking outside of the box� 
>>>> LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to 
>>>> incorporating it into our System.I am an accomplished machinist 
>>>> along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full 
>>>> life in the very highest levels of technology.You are kind of 
>>>> exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and 
>>>> Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced 
>>>> with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), 
>>>> Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking 
>>>> Infrared Imaging) Labs�night vision� was a fixed wing and 
>>>> helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army 
>>>> Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be �retired�. When 
>>>> I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an 
>>>> Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down 
>>>> in Hubbard, TX�Battle Creek Farms�.
>>>>
>>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>>> deferred till we had the �VES� technology off the ground so to 
>>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to 
>>>> develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather 
>>>> �interesting�!�� James Warren passed 2012!� (RIP)����� Literally 
>>>> hundreds of very interesting files to be posted. Norm
>>>>
>

NHiormanThat is great fun as a historical document, now that we are familiar with Rotorverter operation.How careful you were, not to wax enthusiastic about the results, pending more study.Yet, it demonstrates the serious professional researcher in you, to be cautious, as your credibility rested in your good sense, and care.We likely can do a lot more with Rotoverters. Too bad you are not sporting one on the bench these days.I can hardly wait to throw mine up on the table of the warm radiant heated stone barn workshop.I have two complete 3 hp  identical units, except one has naked bearings devoid of grease and seals, which I will not do again, as it is not needed to be so fussy.I would rather they be completely reliable machines. I might send away for some exotic ceramic bearings for that naked unit if I can find some cheap.Both units work great, and I need to play with driving some DC motors, I have, as it would be intriguing to try to use the rotating power of the Rotoverter, to overunity.I have only used the capacitor circuit method, which works very well.John Bedini told me one has to has 3X over unity, to loop, so I hadn't tried to loop a rotoverter directly, making the assumption John had tried a Hecter Rotoverter. I am unsure he ever did.Cheers Warren

Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Tue, 11 Dec 2018 at 10:56 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
 

Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from 2004.  I would have to go back and find the party that posted it to the EVGRAY site.
 
 

hi 
 
 
 
i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan 
 
last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with 
 
Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic 
 
too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for 
 
aspiring rotoheads...
 
 
 
Norman writes:
 
 
 
Hi! Ken:   Thanks for the thought provocative message.   I have 4 two
 
channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
 
accurately measuring AC input to the motor.  I just cannot find my
 
current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
 
relationship..  I agree with your assessment about  who cares about 
 
the
 
power factor anyway .  If my power factor was anything other than 
 
unity
 
then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very
 
stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be
 
seen.  The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that 
 
when
 
the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor
 
terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the
 
scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are
 
identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed
 
on one another. ?????   I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on
 
single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase
 
angle so the motor would run.  This is really interesting.   First, 
 
this
 
set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor 
 
at
 
ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and 
 
L3
 
has the tuning cap value between it and L3.    The one thing that 
 
really
 
 bugs  me is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and
 
does not get warm when you load it.  I believe I mentioned that I 
 
have a
 
32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some
 
experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.
 
I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter
 
test.   I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and
 
not serious researchers who really question something so  glaring .
 
Thanks a million for your sincere interest.   Norm
 
 
 
 Carrigan, Ken  wrote:
 
 
 
Norm, et al,
 
I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent
 
experimental overunity readings.  I find nothing wrong or that
 
could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
 
your really getting something for nothing.  Sure wish you had
 
an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.
 
As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
 
it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
 
important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?  Tracing back
 
from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
 
coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.  This because
 
the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
 
then 100%.  So the answer is really in the capacitive input
 
to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
 
480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
 
portion out - leaving pure resistance.  I am shocked that it
 
runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
 
 
 
Any further readings your getting?  I'd sure like to see
 
your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
 
analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
 
and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
 
taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
 
wave patterns.
 
v/r
 
Ken Carrigan
 
 
 
-----Original Message-----
 
From: Norman Wootan [mailto:[email protected]]
 
 
 
Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
 
To: Keelynet
 
Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
 
 
 
 
 
Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
 
ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
 
with interesting results.  Go to:
 
http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm
 
 
 
 
 
I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
 
results.   This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
 
I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
 
Quote:
 
Well said Hector::   Here is the verification that you have
 
been waiting for.   Per our off line dialog here is the set
 
up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
 
seen.
 
Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
 
on 480V.
 
Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
 
line input required 20mfd
 
370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
 
amps @ 120VAC input.
 
Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
 
 
 
disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.  (generator
 
unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
 
resulting
 
current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
 
Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
 
lamp load.
 
Now things get more interesting.  Since I have two
 
independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
 
input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
 
loaded with pure resistive load.  Well here are the
 
numbers:   Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
 
required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
 
current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.   The independent
 
generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
 
The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
 
of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.  I need
 
 
 
to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
 
the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
 
the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
 
 
 
input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.   What I find most
 
interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
 
phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
 
gets colder.  The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
 
after about 30 minutes of running time.   Go figure it out.
 
I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
 
magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
 
 
 
capacitors.   This experiment is so easy to do everyone
 
should seriously look at this phenomenon.   My next step is
 
to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
 
circuit  to provide more loading.
 
By the way,  all measurements were made with four each Fluke
 
 
 
87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
 
 
 
DC measurements.  Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
 
determined.
 
Norm
 

 
 On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
  
 
To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is Heat?    You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along about here.
 
 
 
 
Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is needed!
 After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the very interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion Vortex with a better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' vortex actions produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" core output and a "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my document "What is Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since electrons have mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how  negative ionized gases (extra electrons) are heavier than positive  ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in an implosion vortex the heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the lighter gases spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge separation occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas flows just the same as found in the vortex of a well formed tornado in nature.  The result in nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge electrical discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how things really work!    Norm
 
 ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
 by
 Rhetta Jacobson
 A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
 energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
 movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
 forces, which were created simultaneously
 and which exist constantly in our Universe.
 All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
 we observe are results of the interplay of this
 motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
 or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
 of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
 All the studies of Science, whether it be light
 refraction and reflection, heat convection,
 sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
 chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
 observations have confronted this motion
 body.
 When we attempt to understand, control,
 copy and work with these phenomena we need
 to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
 one expression they all have in common--the
 vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
 In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
 a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
 a map of the movements and forces and list
 some results a vortex has upon the matter within
 it. First, I will consider the group of particles
 rotating about a common center; but the latter
 list of results will consider a single particle of the
 medium rotating about its own axis and the central
 axis of a vortex motion.
 Scientists have observed different types of
 vortexes and given them separate names.
 There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
 vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
 are the same, closed and perpendicular in
 every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
 there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
 perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
 again separated and typed according to the
 shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
 length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
 has a large diameter compared to its height.
 A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
 to its height.
 Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
 by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
 giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
 a given point in space. Here we should note
 that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
 vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
 flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
 a parabolic rotational movement and call it
 a vortex.
 They say every rotating body is a vortex.
 Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
 With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
 about an axis at its center, the velocity
 increases linearly with the distance from the
 center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
 a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
 to the distance from the stir rod. They
 call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
 have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
 very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
 motion can be observed correctly.
 A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
 vortex is a background energy movement
 which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
 The matter does not create the vortex, the
 matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
 about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
 has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
 it. The observation that velocity increases with
 distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
 force which they are applying to a solid
 body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
 velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
 energy movement. They would do more good
 considering what effect that centrifugal force
 has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
 is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
 which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
 sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
 rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
 example of a dandelion seed where this construction
 and rotation slows its descent. In a
 fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
 action is observed; turbulence is caused by
 action from the center outward.
 The standard definition of a vortex is very
 vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
 few characteristics of this motion body and
 another written definition will include other characteristics.
 Generally, we find some common
 included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
 endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
 axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
 anything caught in the motion is drawn.
 Definitions are usually always accompanied
 with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
 of which very little is known.
 I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
 primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
 resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
 cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
 aging and death segments of its time duration.
 It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
 shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
 about a common center to a conical shape
 and back to planar rings again as one force
 gains preponderance, then the other force, and
 takes the process from stillness to maximum
 motion and then back to stillness.
 Most observations of the vortex pattern are
 incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
 cone. This represents one phase of an overall
 appearance in a medium. It does not show the
 motion interaction occurring inside the motion
 body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
 body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
 of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
 to the description of a wave.
 FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
 To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
 of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
 stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
 all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
 as an opposing movement attempting to
 restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
 in a radiative spiral outward from a common
 center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
 opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
 spiral toward a common center. Its
 movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
 travel are always curved and spiral because of
 the others’ resistance, continuously.
 Resistance to movement from inertia causes
 curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
 Polarity is established as soon as there
 is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
 there is a division and with division there is
 polarity.
 Another mind picture: Picture the point being
 acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
 horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
 resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
 in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
 the center point. The ring waves extend to a
 maximum distance until the resistance
 becomes predominant and pushes them back
 toward the center.
 Each rotating ring meets resistance which
 compresses its dissipation and attempts to
 restore an evacuated space. These rings are
 observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
 exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
 an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
 to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
 beginning of vortex motion.
 The opposing forces acting upon each other
 set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
 opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
 side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
 like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
 forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
 attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
 may be restored out of the motion. Local
 eddies always occur where two movements
 come against each other, for example, whenever
 two streams come against each other, or
 where a moving flow meets a stationary object
 such as water on a rock.
 If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
 to begin a curvature back to a central
 point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
 not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
 as our technology does. Nature was wise
 enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
 possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
 back to the source, the center, to insure that the
 instability and tensions that were created could
 be forever repeated so work could be performed.
 The concentric rings rotating about the
 sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
 between each one in series. The first
 ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
 tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
 of deflection to throw back to the center, when
 the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
 This causes more numbers of tiny local
 boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
 rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
 against inertia.
 The second ring has less centrifugal force or
 outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
 raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
 amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
 number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
 however, they can be larger in diameter
 and rotate faster because the ring is already
 of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
 to aid the centripetal throw back.
 If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
 to come from the center source (as from
 a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
 eventually the surrounding rings close to the
 central point are pushed further apart, weakening
 the centripetal ability. Every force has a
 binding field, even in an open system. Even a
 non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
 movement meets a boundary wall and curves
 against its direction and begins to loop back
 upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
 curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
 a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
 in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
 according to their curvature, focal length,
 etc., come into plan and influence whatever
 passes through them. The undulations and
 small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
 rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
 of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
 or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
 off either toward the centrifugal direction or
 toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
 push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
 which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
 multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
 central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
 not throw off much on their periphery, but they
 orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
 help the centripetal force hold the momentum
 there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
 faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
 ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
 (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
 because they throw off more along their periphery.
 When the inward compression (centripetal)
 force is predominant the amplitude of each
 shock wave increases and moves the whole
 series of waves toward the center, compacting
 the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
 results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
 to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
 again, up and down. This movement
 meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
 and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
 axis.
 COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
 We now have a picture of a vortex formation
 from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
 directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
 to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
 directions of motion interacting within, setting
 up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
 boundary walls and naturally establishing
 a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
 which represents the pulsation battle occurring
 between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
 spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
 The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
 Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
 own resistance and has its equal and opposite
 potential motion body to unite, propagate and
 return to stillness.
 Very briefly, let us go through the aging
 process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
 consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
 drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
 and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
 slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
 then as the outward, resistance force
 takes preponderance the vortex widens and
 flattens, as in the drawings.
 Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
 closer together and then is pushed further
 apart.
 Each concentric spiral is centered around a
 vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
 vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
 becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
 wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
 and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
 axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
 on a plane.
 The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
 in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
 forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
 shape again.
 The contest between the two forces develops
 pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
 different pressures, different densities, and
 potentials, and holds them in concentrated
 form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
 At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
 rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
 which act as lenses affecting the passage from
 one layer to the next in series as described.
 Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
 space? We always must! We have three axes
 to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
 is where rotation occurs around the center,
 where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
 centrifugal force can express in preponderance
 to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
 through dissipation, separation and explosion.
 Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
 forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
 one plane of stillness.
 The second axis is the vertical one which is
 the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
 is lengthened when the centripetal force
 expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
 be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
 in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
 solid matter back to an energy transformation
 through implosion.
 In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
 perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
 only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
 duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
 a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
 a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
 from one end of its swing to the other end.
 Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
 stages between the perfect axis alignment.
 Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
 motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
 force, thus the wobble of the vertical
 axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
 no motion and no work expressed in the
 Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
 ARE because of the battle between the two
 forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
 process from stillness to maximum motion and
 back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
 two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
 to cause work or motion.
 Motion bodies and matter have different
 characteristics and manifestations according to
 which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
 which axis) is predominant.
 The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
 It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
 matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
 crystallized along the way. However, all matter
 is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
 Vortexes and matter are very different as their
 vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
 operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
 motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
 rather than when they are oblated in the plane
 of the centrifugal force.
 Another component readily observable in
 vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
 can be anything from a mere depression which
 does not extend the full depth of the vortex
 movement, to a very fine line which centers the
 motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
 is hard to measure because it is constantly
 wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
 and contracting. However, a black hole centers
 every vortex movement.
 Among the varied phenomena observed
 connected to the hole are disorientation of
 polarized instruments such as compasses, the
 inability of electrical equipment to operate as
 reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
 and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
 tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
 been experienced close to the vortex hole
 which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
 in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
 water and even burning particles have been
 observed shooting out of the center hole. The
 hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
 which causes water to “evaporate” at
 room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
 implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
 A phenomena attributed to the center
 eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
 of matter like a pole or stick found
 inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
 deposit it there, just like it grew there.
 Each of these phenomena I will take up in
 future articles. Each has an explanation and
 each can be copied for very useful purposes
 when the Engineering of machines are based
 upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
 basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
 MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
 Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
 the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
 toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
 Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
 straight course because of resistance. We
 know there are different density layers separated
 by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
 along the edges. We know there is rotation in
 every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
 know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
 for every layer and particle, just like our
 planetary system.
 In our planetary system the planets close to
 the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
 centripetally influenced. They are colder,
 their layers are packed more densely, their
 shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
 they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
 they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
 of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
 planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
 are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
 observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
 fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
 debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
 A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
 system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
 layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
 each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
 according to its attributes of density, temperature,
 volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
 or valence, etc.
 So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
 physical quantities like mass of varying
 densities, momentum and energy through
 them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
 velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
 and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
 boundary layer eddies which occur along the
 skin of each layer and act as lenses.
 Depending upon the nature of predominance of
 centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
 acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
 , the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
 into the next layer or thrown outward to the
 adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
 process goes on just as a selection process for
 the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
 cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
 eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
 rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
 The small eddies which occur by shear
 forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
 and mix the edges. According to their distance
 from the center of a vortex their motion is more
 centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
 on the outer layers. Each type of motion
 influences the character of atoms, molecules
 and particles by influencing such things as density,
 volume, tempertaure and many other
 dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
 upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
 lowered and the density increased by
 packing the layers closer together. This prepares
 the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
 layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
 action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
 is increased, its temperature is raised and
 its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
 more suitable for the outside adjacent.
 The laminar layers of a vortex have different
 temperatures, densities, specific weights and
 speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
 temperature and volume and show an example
 of how these factors, when changed can influence
 flow between the layers in a vortex of
 water.
 Water flowing in a natural underground channel
 will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
 layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
 layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
 depending on the geological lay of the earth
 may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
 degrees.
 The water that has adapted to this layer (4
 degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
 of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
 water is less dense, because it has a higher
 temperature and an expanded volume.
 This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
 by layers of different densities. These less
 dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
 pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
 longitudinal flow.
 The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
 the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
 while pressure from the upper water layer and
 the water layer from below persists. No single
 water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
 1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
 the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
 with vortexian action in the minute boundary
 layer zone to become one with it. In this way
 more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
 then runs off. In this way it is possible that
 water can exit as a spring close to the top of
 high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
 the earth’s surface always show temperatures
 close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
 may assume that the movement of the spring
 water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
 degrees C has reached its maximum density
 and can not be more compressed. It would,
 under additional pressure rather give way to the
 surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
 increases according to the pressure.
 Enormous masses of water are pushed or
 pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
 from far below by the temperature differences
 of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
 to make water move.
 Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
 from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
 flow.
 It may be asked at this point why the outside
 layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
 perform the same function of shooting the
 inside layers forward with momentum.
 Remember, every particle of water is bound to
 move with a certain speed, depending on its
 specific weight, and its specific weight is either
 decreased by warmer temperatures, or
 increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
 running water in a conventional pipe
 increases its friction and decreases the specific
 weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
 atom, making it more difficult for an increased
 volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
 the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
 of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
 changing tiny eddies between layers; which
 can alter the physical characteristics of the
 atoms themselves and prepare them for the
 next inside layer. Here is another instance
 where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
 its advantage.
 VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
 All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
 controls and disperses energy and
 mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
 higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
 is literally twisted together just as strands of a
 rope are twisted together to form strength and
 solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
 which controls creation, appearance and decreation
 and disappearance. In the field of
 Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
 positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
 neutrons can become protons and protons
 become neutrons millions of times a second. It
 is recognized that mass can be changed
 between two opposites. A proton is positive at
 one instant and is negative at the next instant
 and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
 and conditions are recognized and known to
 fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
 dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
 force is dominant so they are defined by
 their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
 elements can be totally different in their characteristics
 such as the example of carbon, which
 can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
 and soft like graphite in other conditions.
 What is not known is that the changing of those
 conditions is directly controlled by the action of
 the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
 whatever is impressed upon the field of the
 mass within.
 When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
 it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
 density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
 axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
 charge, reduces its temperature, changes
 its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
 increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
 reduces its ionization, and several
 other attributes of its character, which are all
 results of the type of motion in its field.
 If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
 which is within it is influenced by separating,
 expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
 shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
 axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
 is increased, its temperature is increased, it
 becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
 its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
 opposite.
 When a vortex motion body is subjected to
 an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
 solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
 cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
 rod, each ring layer along with the local
 eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
 force and will lose some of their centripetal
 force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
 mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
 and breaking apart which occurs along
 the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
 and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
 of Nature, for instance water and air.
 The above dissolution and expansion can be
 reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
 the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
 choice of creation or de-creation can be
 demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
 On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
 central rod) a square is made with powder. The
 shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
 way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
 until it is completely pulled apart and no
 longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
 reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
 as if a movie were reversed.
 The control of matter, form and energy can
 be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
 of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
 of the vortex and how to engineer with
 it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
 the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
 determines which force is predominant. We
 know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
 vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
 to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
 motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
 as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
 influence, friction, etc. We know that a
 fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
 rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
 though characteristics of greater vorticity or
 velocity being at the center is copied here, the
 shock waves and rings are radiating along the
 horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
 but instead decrease, the vortex will never
 create a center hole where vacuum suction can
 occur. So the question becomes how can we
 Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
 to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
 force predominant?
 *****
 
 
 
                     What is Heat #3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of
 
heating and cooling associated with the phase change of
 
liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of
 
electrical power around the phenomenon.  The reason for this
 
interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted
 
from the ambient background via thermal differentials.  My
 
line of thinking really took off back when I experimented
 
with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in
 
electronic cooling devices.  Would you believe that most
 
people do not understand how these devices move thermal
 
energy through a current flow across a semiconductor
 
junction.  Historically we find that German physicist,
 
Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was
 
applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that
 
electrical energy resulted.  Later in 1834 Jean Peltier
 
discovered that when a direct current was applied to two
 
Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.  It was not
 
Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of
 
Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of
 
Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then
 
Melted when the polarity of the direct current was
 
Reversed.  These discoveries remained dormant for over 100
 
Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor
 
Materials which could provide the wide temperature
 
Differentials.  In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became
 
Available which revived the electric cooling principles.  In
 
The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling
 
Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a
 
Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced
 
Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore
 
Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical
 
Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high
 
Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.  The first
 
Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years
 
ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.   With a
 
small temperature differential across the device a weak
 
current with an attendant voltage was developed.  Increasing
 
the differential provided a proportional increase in current
 
and voltage.  About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the
 
wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on
 
the Keely Net BBS.   My curiosity was based on the puzzle of
 
how electron flow could move thermal energy across the
 
junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving
 
thermal energy across the junction.  This is a directly
 
reversible situation based on polarity.
 
Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in
 
refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase
 
change material such as water and refrigerants.  We have
 
always been led to believe that evaporating water provided
 
cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same
 
mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the
 
condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.  Would
 
you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change
 
provides an attendant electrical effect.   Back in 1840
 
Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on
 
escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one
 
of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.
 
Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with
 
the electrical output resulting from the steam friction
 
passing through the nozzles.   After reading an old (1920 s)
 
Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the
 
phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and
 
not purely mechanical.  The atoms of the material lose or
 
gain electrons in the process which accounts for the
 
discrepancy in the energy equation when a material
 
transitions between phases.  More energy is present after
 
the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The
 
text book stated that this phenomenon could not be
 
explained.  When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by
 
Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a
 
Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change
 
of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is
 
totally not understood by modern science.  Now my suspicions
 
were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an
 
electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental
 
question of,  What is heat?    We were told in the  school 
 
that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence
 
of energy.  What is the form of this energy?  Let us look at
 
a very simple example of heating which may explain this
 
process.  When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is
 
heated because electrons in the material are converted to
 
photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light
 
leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.  The
 
more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.  Now
 
the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water
 
from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a
 
net negative state or cold.  Heat or cold is based on the
 
ion relationship in the material.  When we apply a flame
 
(ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons
 
which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic
 
structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.
 
Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current
 
across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy
 
(ions).  Since the energy is in the form of presence or
 
absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to
 
how the process works.  All phase change processes work the
 
same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical
 
processes which we were taught.  Everything  in chemistry is
 
an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level
 
based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.
 
At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago
 
we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in
 
which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the
 
cooling effects.  Now we see Patents issued based on
 
negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly
 
cool because it becomes net negative charged.  This is a
 
very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion
 
generator operates at very high voltages with very little
 
current involved.   It is possible to develop this ion
 
transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical
 
output from very subtle temperature differentials.  Remember
 
that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal
 
differential will cause a development of current and voltage
 
as in the Peltier device.   I hope that this dialog will
 
provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.
 
Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line
 
of experimentation.   Norm
 
 
 
 
 On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
    
 
 
 
 
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( 1 of 1 )
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United States Patent 
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6,386,751
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Wootan ,   et al. 
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May 14, 2002 
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Diffuser/emulsifier 
 
Abstract
 
A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures. 
    
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Inventors: 
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Wootan; Norman L. (Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX) 
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Assignee:
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Diffusion Dynamics, Inc. (
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Appl. No.: 
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08/957,530
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Filed: 
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October 24, 1997
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Current U.S. Class:
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366/170.3 ; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
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Current International Class: 
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B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
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Field of Search: 
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366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1 
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References Cited [Referenced By]
    
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1650561
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3333771
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3791349
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4004553
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4128342
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4136971
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Varlamov et al.
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4143639
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Frenette
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4361414
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Nemes et al.
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4424797
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4778336
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5188090
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5263774
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5419306
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May 1995
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5590961
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Rasmussen
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5782556
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July 1998
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5810052
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September 1998
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Kozyuk
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Other References
 
|  

 Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
 Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html.. 
  |

 

 Primary Examiner: Drodge; Joseph W. 
 Assistant Examiner: Cecil; Terry K. 
 Attorney, Agent or Firm: Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, L.L.P. 
 
 
    
Claims
    

 
 What is claimed is:
 
 1. A diffuser comprising: 
 
 a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances; 
 
 a second member having a first side positioned relative to said surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet through a second side of said second member is introduced, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; and 
 
 means for moving said first material through said channel relative to said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material. 
 
 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a surface incorporating surface disturbances. 
 
 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface disturbances comprise impressions. 
 
 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes. 
 
 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves. 
 
 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise protrusions. 
 
 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps. 
 
 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges. 
 
 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first material. 
 
 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said first member and said second member for passing two different materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other. 
 
 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing said first and second materials through said channel. 
 
 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving said first and second materials through said channel. 
 
 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a cylindrical shape. 
 
 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape. 
 
 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical shape. 
 
 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical shape. 
 
 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a hemispherical shape. 
 
 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more discrete frequencies. 
 
 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, comprising the steps of: 
 
 inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout said method of diffusing; 
 
 inputting said second material through a second side of said second member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and 
 
 moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to cause said first and second materials to be compressed and decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material. 
 
 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second members include surface disturbances facing said channel. 
 
 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein. 
 
 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein. 
 
 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material at a known frequency. 
 
 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first material at respective discrete frequencies. 
 
 25. A diffuser comprising: 
 
 a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances; 
 
 a second member having a first surface incorporating surface disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective member surfaces, said second member further having orifices; 
 
 a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; 
 
 a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second surface of said second member such that said second material is input through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first material; and 
 
 a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the other to create cavitation in said first material while said first material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into said first material. 
 
 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and said second material is a gas.
    
Description
    

 
 CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
 
 Not Applicable 
 
 STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
 
 Not Applicable 
 
 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
 
 1. Technical Field 
 
 This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid into a material. 
 
 2. Description of the Related Art 
 
 In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide. 
 
 There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels. 
 
 Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment facilities. 
 
 Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material. 
 
 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
 
 In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel through which a first material and a second material may flow. The first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second material into the first material. 
 
 The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of infusion material which will be held by the host material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for consistent diffusion. 
 
 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
 
 For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
 
 FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser; 
 
 FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the diffuser; 
 
 FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the diffuser; 
 
 FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator; 
 
 FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly in a second embodiment of the invention; 
 
 FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment of the invention; 
 
 FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the invention; 
 
 FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating the diffusion; and 
 
 FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the invention. 
 
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
 
 The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the various drawings. 
 
 FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process. 
 
 A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 1) or curved. 
 
 A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by motor 18 or by an auxiliary source. 
 
 In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the host material from passing through openings 22. 
 
 The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into both inlets. 
 
 In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting for days. 
 
 The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure during the decompression  cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure draws the host material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The energy associated with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular level. 
 
 The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion material in the host material. 
 
 In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures at a high efficiency. 
 
 Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical device. 
 
 FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30. 
 
 As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum  of frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized. 
 
 FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30. 
 
 FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in these figures. 
 
 FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40. 
 
 FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be formed above and below these openings on the stator 30. 
 
 FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of the rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34  receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40. 
 
 In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30. 
 
 The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be dependent upon the application of the device. 
 
 As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. It has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence. 
 
 Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of frequencies  which result in a constructive interference pattern could be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and highly structured substance. 
 
 For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants. 
 
 While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums. 
 
 The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of the host material. Examples of such applications would include the homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy. 
 
 FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the accompanying orifices 24. 
 
 In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion produced by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result. 
 
 FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the shock waves. 
 
 Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation and shock waves. 
 
 As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to create the cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be more efficient if both surfaces are used. 
 
 FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The host material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump or other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above. 
 
 As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites. 
 
 FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw the materials through the conduit. 
 
 The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of infusion material which will be held by the host material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for consistent diffusion. 
 
 Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims. 
 On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
    
 
 
Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the Sonodiffusor Patent.
 
 
 
“Sonodiffuser”
 
By:  Norman Langston Wootan
 
9/24/2012
 
The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32nd degree, a decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the following account of the above subject.  Please note on the Patent shown below, the Inventor!
 
 
 
 
 
               
  
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( 1 of 1 )
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United States Patent 
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6,386,751
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Wootan ,   et al. 
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May 14, 2002 
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Diffuser/emulsifier 
 
Abstract
 
A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures. 
    
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Inventors: 
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Wootan; Norman L. (Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX) 
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Assignee:
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Diffusion Dynamics, Inc. (
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Appl. No.: 
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08/957,530
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Filed: 
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October 24, 1997
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Current U.S. Class:
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366/170.3 ; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
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Current International Class: 
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B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
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Field of Search: 
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366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1 
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Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 . This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or succusion to produce heating action.  My first find was the Perkins Rotor, Patent #4424797.  Next came the Schaefer Patent#3791349, which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.  My next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy in kWh electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the similarities between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out at the Patent  Office due to “prior art”.
 
After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.  My prototype (still have it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the rotor and the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together at the tips.  Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.  A micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.  This is proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.  The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by NASA investigation.
 
I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen into the water.  I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher level of oxygen was being infused into the water. 
 
At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the oxygenated water daily.  When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about “sonochemistry”.  He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of promise.  Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same design features.  I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate neighborhood.  About a week later everything was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.  On our first runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.  Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable product.  Ann Wilson joined our new company which became “Life Affirming Technologies”.  An attorney was brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
 
At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.  Bobby Burris said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested in buying the big Leadville Coil.  Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.  When the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share interest.  I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental work comprised my 24% share interest.  I still have the original Corp documents with shares in “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.
 
I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.  When the Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as first inventor.  “No way” was I going to allow that!  Ann Wilson was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his “head” if he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. All of this technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
 
During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels as high as 600%.  We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.  Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
 
We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen to be used by sport therapy.  When you sat in the hot tub of diffused oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
 
We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.  We proved that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.  We experimented successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.  We also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.  We demonstrated the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
 
 
 
http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
 
http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
 
http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
 
After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, Tony Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
 
Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of nitrogen.
 On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
  
 
Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)
 
 
 
 
Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), Woodland Hills, California, and the Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS) at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC), are pleased to announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to develop 3600oF Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle Program.  Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique interdisciplinary effort, CIC/CAFS/SIUC have entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement to collaborate in the development, application and commercialization, through licensing, of application specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet identified operational component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property. 
 
 
 
Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break through performance improvements.
 
 
 
CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and other high energy friction applications for more  than thirty (30) years.  HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
 
 
 
·        Wet Friction Coefficient -  > 50% Higher
 
o   Reduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by approx. 30%.  Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were Practically Eliminated
 
·      Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All Energy Loading Conditions
 
·      Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC System
 
 
 
Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC friction materials through the development partnering relationships with recognized friction material manufacturers  to facilitate; introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.  As the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
 
 
 
As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners to optimize a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :
 
 
 
1.    Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype  (15” Dia), Material Property and Dynamometer Testing Confirmation  (6 – 9 Mo)
 
2.    Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
 
3.    Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 Mo).  Depending on individual partner product optimization requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
 
 
 
In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for each application specific component (Product) development
 
 
 
·      Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
 
·      Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and Microstructural Control.  Typical Product Yield > 95%.  Operator Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning  Support Only!
 
·      Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast < Five (5) Days
 
 
 
For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818)  884-0144; e-mail: [email protected] or Dr. Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected]. 
 
 
 On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
  
 
 
 
When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.
 
 

 
 
Norman L. Wootan
 
13723 Lynndale Loop
 
 
Abbeville, LA 70510
 
 
[email protected]
 
(214)907-0010
 
 
 
Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems
 
The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of technology for the VES program.
 
Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in the  summer of 2001 searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
 
I digress here:  In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.  Was not able to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.   An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the  necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.  A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype development.  I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.  In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.  My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!  I have provided you in previous documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the slip.  GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.  See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.  In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his heart out!  Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.  Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight and thinking ahead!  I have a complete historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial Investors.  I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.  The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.  This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
 
 
 
Next!  The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly improved Tesla Turbine)
 
To be continued in next message:
 
 
 
Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems
 
This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:  The Implosion Vortex Turbine.
 
Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the Technology of Nikola Tesla.  I have everything that has ever been written by or about this “genius”.  Of very special interest was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.   After doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never divulged all of the technology!  I went to the very “top” internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.  Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress  modulus.  Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality  Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.  I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.  At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
 
After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for power generation”?  My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.  I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the turbine.  Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate in the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.  I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.  To achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.  This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!  (MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal  energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really alternators).  “Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this System in our files!   This is a unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
 
No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such very high performance and efficiency.
 
 
 
Next segment: MVR
 
 
 
This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.  Back in 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.  I explored all facets of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems.  Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater than  1:1.  This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.  It was previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!  NASA was right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.  Attached is my Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.  Jim was excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae since we have to maintain septic or  anaerobic condition.
 
When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.  The total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced  solar panels (to be Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by others.  Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. All of these things work like a “charm” but are not currently being utilized.  What a shame.  When Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.  There is also an environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.  All of this we can fix!      You will find all of this information in Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of music!   Diffuser patent attached!
 
Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
 
 
 
This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
 
Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.  There were several options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage in high pressure wells.  Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.   Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and systems.  I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio growth.  Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.  Careful study revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or understand.  Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!  Now consider, after careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.  Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?  Most algae species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.  Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.  Optimize everything!  With the algae species selected based on our desired output (lipid % vs. protein).  The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!  Now we can order the LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.  Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the footprint.  I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.  Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and nutrient feed  (CO2 and other minerals).  Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!  In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.  If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.  Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.  Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
 
In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.  My curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost white like froth.  When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.  Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.  On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition of a “calorie “was wrong!  I built several Diffusers and found that I could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!  I did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed  to air for oxygen absorption.  The water contained super high levels of oxygen.  This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.  After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.  When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!  Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.  I call that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into our System.  I am an accomplished machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.  You are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.  Day to day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs  “night vision” was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army Material Command.  What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX  “Battle Creek Farms”.
 
You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to speak!  There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.  Rather “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
 
 
 
  
  
 
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Hi Warren 
I don't think Bedini ever tried the rotovertor. 
Ceramic bearings look around you can get them fairly cheap go for thin ones less fricton.... for your two Chinese motors and your large skills it would be fun to use two very cheap ceramic skateboard bearings end to end so they can support more weight than designed for and machine your motor's rotor shaft ends down to 5/16" and replace the bearings with these each end for total of 4 bearings needed...you would need to make some sort of doughnut spacer to fill in the space as those skateboard bearings are 7/8" outside diameter...
If that 5/16 seems too skinny find on eBay 1/2^ inside diameter bearings maybe 30 bucks or less each and do machining needed for that...anyways just ideas when you get back to it
Norms idea is really good have motor vertical support it with ring magnets below...
Also review that new rotovertor circuit H has put up 20 times this last year, just like you did, bu additional "extraction" phase with HV diodes in a FWBR bringing out HV DC back into same battery the run cap phase charges via step down to 14vdc transformer, and this battery same one that runs invertor that runs the.motor so it's looping battery should not drain...but use only lead acids of course.
Bedini had patents, secrets,  death threats, and would get pissed at people he thought were "stealing" stuff from him so since he could not own rights to rotovertor since it is open source there was never any reason to explore it and what if it is something off shelf anyone can do easy it could put him out of business.
Kone

Norman,
Fantastic projects you have been involved with. Have had many mental
exercises in advances to the boundary layer turbine.  One of which is a
more parabolic funnel type core with graduated sized disks and the variable
nozzle  addition similar to the latest Porsche turbochargers that overcome
turbo lag. Also variable disk spacing would be trick but more to go wrong.
So in essence a bit of Schauberger thrown in with Tesla for good measure.
A tad bit more complex. Sounds as if you have had similar thoughts and
already engineered something from both  camps of thought.

On Dec 11, 2018 9:39 AM, "Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]" <
[email protected]> wrote:

>
>
> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, e-mail
> and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for all of this
> valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided to post,
> incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for your research
> use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that many folks out
> there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us that have given
> information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to
> share knowledge for the benefit of all.
>
>
> Norman L. Wootan
>
> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>
> Abbeville, LA 70510
>
> [email protected]
>
> (214)907-0010
>
>
>
> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems
>
> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of technology
> for the VES program.
>
> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in the  summer of 2001
> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense interest
> was “tweaked” in this technology!
>
> I digress here:  In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making
> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor
> vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 stainless
> “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.  Was not able to arouse any interest in the
> technology here in the US.   An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in
> 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the technology at
> which time the Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set
> up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account
> and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.  A 5200 sq. ft. Research
> lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of
> prototype development.  I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his
> interest in the Project.  In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 million)
> by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.  My prototype
> development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the
> two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and
> drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310
> stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor
> Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed
> densified ceramic reactor unit!  I have provided you in previous
> documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had
> a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the
> “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and
> Investor representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen
> Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of the
> Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home
> and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in
> the slip.  GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took
> possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.  See: both Euro and U.S.
> Patents.  In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR
> technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents.
> Jim had the technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to
> operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to
> build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned
> Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that
> end, Jim was working his heart out!  Since I designed the IVR and wrote
> the Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the
> latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent
> Attorney.  Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight and
> thinking ahead!  I have a complete historical book of the whole Project
> with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial
> Investors.  I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the
> George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.
> The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.
> This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our
> “VES” Program!
>
>
>
> Next!  The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly
> improved Tesla Turbine)
>
> To be continued in next message:
>
> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy Systems
>
> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:  The Implosion
> Vortex Turbine.
>
> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the
> Technology of Nikola Tesla.  I have everything that has ever been written
> by or about this “genius”.  Of very special interest was his Boundary
> Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.   After doing extensive research
> into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion that
> all that were writing about or researching this device did not fully
> understand just how it worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his
> patents and never divulged all of the technology!  I went to the very
> “top” internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and
> found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at
> the “super high thermal conversion” figures.  Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP
> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the
> results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the proper
> metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.
> Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully
> understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to
> achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I
> machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to
> demonstrate the technology.  I filed with the US Patent office the Patent
> Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the
> labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and
> simplified the construction of said turbine.  At the International Tesla
> Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with
> the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was
> demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>
> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was “Norm,
> how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for power
> generation”?  My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said,
> “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.  I sent to Jim
> all the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical formulas
> for the high speed disk utilized in the turbine.  Since this turbine
> operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations
> for runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that
> would successfully operate in the required environment and would be
> impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.  I
> laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer
> Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational
> characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very
> efficient turbine.  To achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency,
> advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping
> technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a
> very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.  This is
> totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!  (MVR) Heat Pump
> technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from
> the current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and
> very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of
> thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really
> alternators).  “Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating system thermal
> efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and
> temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and
> practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have
> all the documentation of this System in our files!   This is a unique
> System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville
> Facility.
>
> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such very
> high performance and efficiency.
>
>
>
> Next segment: MVR
>
> ...

Norm you know it might be good to put the info on thum  drive and sell it
to everyone keeping the information off the net in some way .both ways are
good but things on the net just disappear like someone is going around
erasing tec .that would really archive things .and could be put back on the
net at anytime in the future .there are some real shit birds out there
.I've seen things in the past that I can't begin to find anymore .Hector
you too !.

On Tuesday, December 11, 2018, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] <
[email protected]> wrote:

>
>
> DSC01708
>
> I sold this big 40 HP RV to Luther down in Houston, but had gone out and
> got several very powerful speaker magnets to stand motor on end and use
> repulsion magbets to suspend weight of rotor so that there was no rolling
> friction. Two round Neos (1.5 Tesla) on end of shaft would do same job!
> Just food for thought!  Ha!
>
> On 12/11/2018 11:02 AM, Warren Keillor [email protected]
> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>
>
> NHiorman
> That is great fun as a historical document, now that we are familiar with
> Rotorverter operation.
> How careful you were, not to wax enthusiastic about the results, pending
> more study.
> Yet, it demonstrates the serious professional researcher in you, to be
> cautious, as your credibility rested in your good sense, and care.
> We likely can do a lot more with Rotoverters. Too bad you are not sporting
> one on the bench these days.
> I can hardly wait to throw mine up on the table of the warm radiant heated
> stone barn workshop.
> I have two complete 3 hp  identical units, except one has naked bearings
> devoid of grease and seals, which I will not do again, as it is not needed
> to be so fussy.
> I would rather they be completely reliable machines. I might send away for
> some exotic ceramic bearings for that naked unit if I can find some cheap.
> Both units work great, and I need to play with driving some DC motors, I
> have, as it would be intriguing to try to use the rotating power of the
> Rotoverter, to overunity.
> I have only used the capacitor circuit method, which works very well.
> John Bedini told me one has to has 3X over unity, to loop, so I hadn't
> tried to loop a rotoverter directly, making the assumption John had tried a
> Hecter Rotoverter. I am unsure he ever did.
> Cheers Warren
>
>
> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
> <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>
> On Tue, 11 Dec 2018 at 10:56 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]
> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from 2004.  I
> would have to go back and find the party that posted it to the EVGRAY site.
>
> hi
>
>
>
> i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan
>
> last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with
>
> Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic
>
> too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for
>
> aspiring rotoheads...
>
>
>
> Norman writes:
>
>
>
> Hi! Ken:   Thanks for the thought provocative message.   I have 4 two
>
> channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
>
> accurately measuring AC input to the motor.  I just cannot find my
>
> current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
>
> relationship..  I agree with your assessment about  who cares about
>
> the
>
> power factor anyway .  If my power factor was anything other than
>
> unity
>
> then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very
>
> stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be
>
> seen.  The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that
>
> when
>
> the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor
>
> terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the
>
> scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are
>
> identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed
>
> on one another. ?????   I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on
>
> single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase
>
> angle so the motor would run.  This is really interesting.   First,
>
> this
>
> set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor
>
> at
>
> ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and
>
> L3
>
> has the tuning cap value between it and L3.    The one thing that
>
> really
>
>  bugs  me is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and
>
> does not get warm when you load it.  I believe I mentioned that I
>
> have a
>
> 32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some
>
> experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.
>
> I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter
>
> test.   I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and
>
> not serious researchers who really question something so  glaring .
>
> Thanks a million for your sincere interest.   Norm
>
>
>
>  Carrigan, Ken  wrote:
>
>
>
> Norm, et al,
>
> I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent
>
> experimental overunity readings.  I find nothing wrong or that
>
> could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
>
> your really getting something for nothing.  Sure wish you had
>
> an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.
>
> As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
>
> it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
>
> important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?  Tracing back
>
> from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
>
> coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.  This because
>
> the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
>
> then 100%.  So the answer is really in the capacitive input
>
> to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
>
> 480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
>
> portion out - leaving pure resistance.  I am shocked that it
>
> runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
>
>
>
> Any further readings your getting?  I'd sure like to see
>
> your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
>
> analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
>
> and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
>
> taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
>
> wave patterns.
>
> v/r
>
> Ken Carrigan
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
>
> From: Norman Wootan [*mailto:[email protected] <[email protected]>*]
>
>
>
> Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
>
> To: Keelynet
>
> Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
>
>
>
>
>
> Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
>
> ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
>
> with interesting results.  Go to:
>
> *http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm
> <http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm>*
>
>
>
>
>
> I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
>
> results.   This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
>
> I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
>
> Quote:
>
> Well said Hector::   Here is the verification that you have
>
> been waiting for.   Per our off line dialog here is the set
>
> up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
>
> seen.
>
> Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
>
> on 480V.
>
> Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
>
> line input required 20mfd
>
> 370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
>
> amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
>
>
>
> disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.  (generator
>
> unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
>
> resulting
>
> current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
>
> lamp load.
>
> Now things get more interesting.  Since I have two
>
> independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
>
> input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
>
> loaded with pure resistive load.  Well here are the
>
> numbers:   Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
>
> required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
>
> current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.   The independent
>
> generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
>
> The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
>
> of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.  I need
>
>
>
> to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
>
> the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
>
> the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
>
>
>
> input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.   What I find most
>
> interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
>
> phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
>
> gets colder.  The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
>
> after about 30 minutes of running time.   Go figure it out.
>
> I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
>
> magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
>
>
>
> capacitors.   This experiment is so easy to do everyone
>
> should seriously look at this phenomenon.   My next step is
>
> to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
>
> circuit  to provide more loading.
>
> By the way,  all measurements were made with four each Fluke
>
>
>
> 87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
>
>
>
> DC measurements.  Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
>
> determined.
>
> Norm
>
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the
> VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is Heat?
> You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along about here.
>
> Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of thing
> in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is needed!
> After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the very
> interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion Vortex with a
> better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' vortex actions
> produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" core output and a
> "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my document "What is
> Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive ionization" and "cold is
> negative ionization".   Since electrons have mass (see Charged Cluster work
> by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how  negative ionized gases (extra electrons)
> are heavier than positive  ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in
> an implosion vortex the heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the
> lighter gases spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge
> separation occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas flows just
> the same as found in the vortex of a well formed tornado in nature.  The
> result in nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge electrical
> discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how things really
> work!    Norm
>
> ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
> by
> Rhetta Jacobson
> A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
> energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
> movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
> forces, which were created simultaneously
> and which exist constantly in our Universe.
> All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
> we observe are results of the interplay of this
> motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
> or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
> of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
> All the studies of Science, whether it be light
> refraction and reflection, heat convection,
> sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
> chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
> observations have confronted this motion
> body.
> When we attempt to understand, control,
> copy and work with these phenomena we need
> to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
> one expression they all have in common--the
> vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
> In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
> a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
> a map of the movements and forces and list
> some results a vortex has upon the matter within
> it. First, I will consider the group of particles
> rotating about a common center; but the latter
> list of results will consider a single particle of the
> medium rotating about its own axis and the central
> axis of a vortex motion.
> Scientists have observed different types of
> vortexes and given them separate names.
> There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
> vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
> are the same, closed and perpendicular in
> every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
> there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
> perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
> again separated and typed according to the
> shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
> length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
> has a large diameter compared to its height.
> A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
> to its height.
> Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
> by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
> giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
> a given point in space. Here we should note
> that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
> vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
> flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
> a parabolic rotational movement and call it
> a vortex.
> They say every rotating body is a vortex.
> Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
> With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
> about an axis at its center, the velocity
> increases linearly with the distance from the
> center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
> a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
> to the distance from the stir rod. They
> call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
> have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
> very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
> motion can be observed correctly.
> A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
> vortex is a background energy movement
> which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
> The matter does not create the vortex, the
> matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
> about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
> has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
> it. The observation that velocity increases with
> distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
> force which they are applying to a solid
> body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
> velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
> energy movement. They would do more good
> considering what effect that centrifugal force
> has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
> is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
> which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
> sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
> rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
> example of a dandelion seed where this construction
> and rotation slows its descent. In a
> fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
> action is observed; turbulence is caused by
> action from the center outward.
> The standard definition of a vortex is very
> vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
> few characteristics of this motion body and
> another written definition will include other characteristics.
> Generally, we find some common
> included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
> endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
> axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
> anything caught in the motion is drawn.
> Definitions are usually always accompanied
> with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
> of which very little is known.
> I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
> primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
> resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
> cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
> aging and death segments of its time duration.
> It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
> shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
> about a common center to a conical shape
> and back to planar rings again as one force
> gains preponderance, then the other force, and
> takes the process from stillness to maximum
> motion and then back to stillness.
> Most observations of the vortex pattern are
> incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
> cone. This represents one phase of an overall
> appearance in a medium. It does not show the
> motion interaction occurring inside the motion
> body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
> body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
> of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
> to the description of a wave.
> FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
> To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
> of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
> stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
> all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
> as an opposing movement attempting to
> restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
> in a radiative spiral outward from a common
> center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
> opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
> spiral toward a common center. Its
> movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
> travel are always curved and spiral because of
> the others’ resistance, continuously.
> Resistance to movement from inertia causes
> curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
> Polarity is established as soon as there
> is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
> there is a division and with division there is
> polarity.
> Another mind picture: Picture the point being
> acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
> horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
> resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
> in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
> the center point. The ring waves extend to a
> maximum distance until the resistance
> becomes predominant and pushes them back
> toward the center.
> Each rotating ring meets resistance which
> compresses its dissipation and attempts to
> restore an evacuated space. These rings are
> observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
> exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
> an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
> to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
> beginning of vortex motion.
> The opposing forces acting upon each other
> set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
> opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
> side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
> like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
> forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
> attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
> may be restored out of the motion. Local
> eddies always occur where two movements
> come against each other, for example, whenever
> two streams come against each other, or
> where a moving flow meets a stationary object
> such as water on a rock.
> If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
> to begin a curvature back to a central
> point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
> not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
> as our technology does. Nature was wise
> enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
> possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
> back to the source, the center, to insure that the
> instability and tensions that were created could
> be forever repeated so work could be performed.
> The concentric rings rotating about the
> sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
> between each one in series. The first
> ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
> tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
> of deflection to throw back to the center, when
> the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
> This causes more numbers of tiny local
> boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
> rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
> against inertia.
> The second ring has less centrifugal force or
> outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
> raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
> amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
> number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
> however, they can be larger in diameter
> and rotate faster because the ring is already
> of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
> to aid the centripetal throw back.
> If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
> to come from the center source (as from
> a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
> eventually the surrounding rings close to the
> central point are pushed further apart, weakening
> the centripetal ability. Every force has a
> binding field, even in an open system. Even a
> non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
> movement meets a boundary wall and curves
> against its direction and begins to loop back
> upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
> curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
> a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
> in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
> according to their curvature, focal length,
> etc., come into plan and influence whatever
> passes through them. The undulations and
> small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
> rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
> of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
> or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
> off either toward the centrifugal direction or
> toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
> push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
> which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
> multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
> central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
> not throw off much on their periphery, but they
> orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
> help the centripetal force hold the momentum
> there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
> faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
> ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
> (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
> because they throw off more along their periphery.
> When the inward compression (centripetal)
> force is predominant the amplitude of each
> shock wave increases and moves the whole
> series of waves toward the center, compacting
> the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
> results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
> to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
> again, up and down. This movement
> meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
> and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
> axis.
> COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
> We now have a picture of a vortex formation
> from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
> directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
> to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
> directions of motion interacting within, setting
> up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
> boundary walls and naturally establishing
> a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
> which represents the pulsation battle occurring
> between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
> spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
> The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
> Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
> own resistance and has its equal and opposite
> potential motion body to unite, propagate and
> return to stillness.
> Very briefly, let us go through the aging
> process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
> consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
> drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
> and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
> slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
> then as the outward, resistance force
> takes preponderance the vortex widens and
> flattens, as in the drawings.
> Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
> closer together and then is pushed further
> apart.
> Each concentric spiral is centered around a
> vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
> vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
> becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
> wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
> and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
> axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
> on a plane.
> The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
> in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
> forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
> shape again.
> The contest between the two forces develops
> pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
> different pressures, different densities, and
> potentials, and holds them in concentrated
> form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
> At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
> rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
> which act as lenses affecting the passage from
> one layer to the next in series as described.
> Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
> space? We always must! We have three axes
> to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
> is where rotation occurs around the center,
> where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
> centrifugal force can express in preponderance
> to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
> through dissipation, separation and explosion.
> Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
> forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
> one plane of stillness.
> The second axis is the vertical one which is
> the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
> is lengthened when the centripetal force
> expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
> be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
> in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
> solid matter back to an energy transformation
> through implosion.
> In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
> perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
> only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
> duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
> a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
> a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
> from one end of its swing to the other end.
> Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
> stages between the perfect axis alignment.
> Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
> motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
> force, thus the wobble of the vertical
> axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
> no motion and no work expressed in the
> Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
> ARE because of the battle between the two
> forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
> process from stillness to maximum motion and
> back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
> two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
> to cause work or motion.
> Motion bodies and matter have different
> characteristics and manifestations according to
> which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
> which axis) is predominant.
> The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
> It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
> matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
> crystallized along the way. However, all matter
>
>

Very interesting stuff Norman, thanks for posting. Would you be willing to divulge how deep the holes in the rotor and stator were? I know it most likely depends on what fluid you're using and what you're trying to accomplish. Just looking for a good starting point for increasing the oxygen in water. Seems like the benefits are endless.

Thanks.

------ Original message------
From: Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]
Date: Tue, Dec 11, 2018 9:22 AM
To: [email protected];Bert Pool;Bob Paddock;Lane Wootan;Mbking42;Steven Elswick;Toby Grotz;Phil Rembold;Angel Alvarez;Fredric Fletcher;Jeane Manning;Jon Gentry;
Cc:
Subject:Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.




( 1 of 1 )


________________________________
United States Patent

6,386,751

Wootan ,   et al.

May 14, 2002

________________________________
Diffuser/emulsifier
Abstract
A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
________________________________
Inventors:

Wootan; Norman L. (Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc. (

Appl. No.:

08/957,530

Filed:

October 24, 1997

________________________________
Current U.S. Class:

366/170.3 ; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)

Field of Search:

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

________________________________
References Cited [Referenced By]<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>
________________________________
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November 1993


Delcourt



5419306<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>


May 1995


Huffman



5590961<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>


January 1997


Rasmussen



5782556<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>


July 1998


Chu



5810052<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>


September 1998


Kozyuk









Other References

Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html><http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..


Primary Examiner: Drodge; Joseph W.
Assistant Examiner: Cecil; Terry K.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, L.L.P.

________________________________
Claims
________________________________


What is claimed is:

1. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first side positioned relative to said surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet through a second side of said second member is introduced, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; and

means for moving said first material through said channel relative to said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.

2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a surface incorporating surface disturbances.

3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface disturbances comprise impressions.

4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.

5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.

6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise protrusions.

7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.

8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.

9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first material.

10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said first member and said second member for passing two different materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.

11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing said first and second materials through said channel.

12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving said first and second materials through said channel.

13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a cylindrical shape.

14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.

15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical shape.

16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical shape.

17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a hemispherical shape.

18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more discrete frequencies.

19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, comprising the steps of:

inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;

inputting said second material through a second side of said second member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and

moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to cause said first and second materials to be compressed and decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second members include surface disturbances facing said channel.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material at a known frequency.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first material at respective discrete frequencies.

25. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first surface incorporating surface disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;

a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof;

a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second surface of said second member such that said second material is input through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first material; and

a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the other to create cavitation in said first material while said first material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.

26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and said second material is a gas.
________________________________
Description
________________________________


CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable

STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid into a material.

2. Description of the Related Art

In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.

There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.

Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment facilities.

Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel through which a first material and a second material may flow. The first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second material into the first material.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of infusion material which will be held by the host material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for consistent diffusion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;

FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the diffuser;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the diffuser;

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;

FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly in a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating the diffusion; and

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the various drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.

A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 1) or curved.

A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.

In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the host material from passing through openings 22.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into both inlets.

In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.

The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure during the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure draws the host material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The energy associated with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular level.

The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion material in the host material.

In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures at a high efficiency.

Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical device.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.

As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.

FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in these figures.

FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40.

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of the rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.

The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be dependent upon the application of the device.

As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. It has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.

Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and highly structured substance.

For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.

While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.

The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of the host material. Examples of such applications would include the homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.

FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the accompanying orifices 24.

In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion produced by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.

FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.

Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation and shock waves.

As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to create the cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be more efficient if both surfaces are used.

FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The host material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump or other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.

As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw the materials through the conduit.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of infusion material which will be held by the host material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for consistent diffusion.

Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.

On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:


Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the Sonodiffusor Patent.
"Sonodiffuser"
By:  Norman Langston Wootan
9/24/2012
The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to "GOD" truth behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the "Sonodiffuser" aka, shown on the below Patent as "Diffuser/emulsifier". I being a Master Mason 32nd degree, a decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is widely known as a "no bullshit" sort of guy, do hereby give the following account of the above subject.  Please note on the Patent shown below, the Inventor!



<http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>




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( 1 of 1 )

________________________________
United States Patent

6,386,751

Wootan ,   et al.

May 14, 2002

________________________________
Diffuser/emulsifier
Abstract
A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
________________________________
Inventors:

Wootan; Norman L. (Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc. (

Appl. No.:

08/957,530

Filed:

October 24, 1997

________________________________
Current U.S. Class:

366/170.3 ; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)

Field of Search:

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

________________________________

Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639> . This device "tweaked" my interest for the heat output showed an "anomaly" as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or succusion to produce heating action.  My first find was the Perkins Rotor, Patent #4424797<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.  Next came the Schaefer Patent#3791349<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a "hot" trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.  My next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more energy in the form of Btu's than the input energy in kWh electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the similarities between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to "prior art".
After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly violate the "Law of Conservation of Energy".  My prototype (still have it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a high speed strobe tach to "stop action" the rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the rotor and the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together at the tips.  Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.  A micro cavitation is a vortex that "implodes" with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.  This is proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.  The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by NASA investigation.
I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen into the water.  I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the oxygenated water daily.  When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about "sonochemistry".  He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of promise.  Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same design features.  I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate neighborhood.  About a week later everything was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.  On our first runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.  Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable product.  Ann Wilson joined our new company which became "Life Affirming Technologies".  An attorney was brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.  Bobby Burris said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested in buying the big Leadville Coil.  Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.  When the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share interest.  I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental work comprised my 24% share interest.  I still have the original Corp documents with shares in "Life Affirming Technologies". All necessary shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.
I had been told by a "back door" source to watch Tony Wood when it came to Patent work for he had "weaseled" his way into numerous TI Patents by being on the "team "to develop new technology.  When the Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, Tony Wood had pulled the "sleight of hand" that I suspected. When more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as first inventor.  "No way" was I going to allow that!  Ann Wilson was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his "head" if he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. All of this technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels as high as 600%.  We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.  Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen to be used by sport therapy.  When you sat in the hot tub of diffused oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it "tingled "as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.  We proved that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.  We experimented successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.  We also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.  We demonstrated the sonodiffuser as a"sparger" by diffusing nitrogen into the water which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.

http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
After I sold my "Intellectual Property" right to Revalesio Corp, Tony Wood went "nuts" filling other patents based on my original ideas.
Revalesio Corp, "left on the table" my latest version of a "Super Diffusor" which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our CO2 sequestration system as a "sparger for harmful oxygen by use of nitrogen.
On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:

Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)
Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), Woodland Hills, California, and the Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS) at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC), are pleased to announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to develop 3600oF Leading Edge Materials for DARPA's FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle Program.  Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique interdisciplinary effort, CIC/CAFS/SIUC have entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement to collaborate in the development, application and commercialization, through licensing, of application specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet identified operational component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.

Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, "Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)" Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break through performance improvements.

CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) years.  HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.

*        Wet Friction Coefficient -  > 50% Higher
o   Reduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by approx. 30%.  Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were Practically Eliminated
*      Wear - Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All Energy Loading Conditions
*      Oxidation - Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC System

Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC friction materials through the development partnering relationships with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.  As the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.

As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners to optimize a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :

1.    Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype  (15" Dia), Material Property and Dynamometer Testing Confirmation  (6 - 9 Mo)
2.    Phase 2 - Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9- 12 Mo)
3.    Phase 3 - Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 Mo).  Depending on individual partner product optimization requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.

In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for each application specific component (Product) development

*      Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
*      Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and Microstructural Control.  Typical Product Yield > 95%.  Operator Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning  Support Only!
*      Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time - Current Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast < Five (5) Days

For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>.

On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.

Norman L. Wootan
13723 Lynndale Loop
Abbeville, LA 70510
[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>
(214)907-0010

Time line development of Technologies related to "VES" Green Energy Systems
The "Implosion Vortex Reactor" (IVR) was the starting block of technology for the VES program.
Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in the  summer of 2001 searching for an "ultra high temp." ceramic material, his intense interest was "tweaked" in this technology!
I digress here:  In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 stainless "Implosion Vortex Reactor".  Was not able to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.   An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.  A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype development.  I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.  In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.  My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, "proof of concept reactor" from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!  I have provided you in previous documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the "Proof of concept" test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the slip.  GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.  See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.  In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the "Implosion Vortex Reactor" at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his heart out!  Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the "technology" undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.  Jim gave me the big "atta boy" for having the forsight and thinking ahead!  I have a complete historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial Investors.  I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.  The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.  This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our "VES" Program!

Next!  The "Implosion Vortex Turbine" our "Prime Mover"(my vastly improved Tesla Turbine)
To be continued in next message:
Time line development of Technologies related to "VES" Green Energy Systems
This is the second Technology for the "VES" Project:  The Implosion Vortex Turbine.
Since back in the early 70's I have been an "avid" Researcher in the Technology of Nikola Tesla.  I have everything that has ever been written by or about this "genius".  Of very special interest was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.   After doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked for Tesla was very "shrewd" in writing his patents and never divulged all of the technology!  I went to the very "top" internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that no one had a "clue' as to how it really was intended to work at the "super high thermal conversion" figures.  Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.  Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.  I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.  At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
After Jim and I addressed the IVR under "VES" his next question was "Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for power generation"?  My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said, "Please educate me for I have not heard of this before".  I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the turbine.  Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate in the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.  I laid out in "Flow block" diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.  To achieve the "off the charts" thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.  This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!  (MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really alternators).  "Carnot' cycle" or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this System in our files!   This is a unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
No one has put together the "blocks" for such a System that has such very high performance and efficiency.

Next segment: MVR
This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.  Back in 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.  I explored all facets of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems.  Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater than  1:1.  This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.  It was previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!  NASA was right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.  Attached is my Patent of this technology known as the "Sono Diffuser".  Jim was excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a "killer' of algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started prototyping on my farm for a "stand alone" home power system that also produced "pure water' all from the "ambient".  The total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our "VES" System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by others.  Gray water and "heat of condensation" during the production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. All of these things work like a "charm" but are not currently being utilized.  What a shame.  When Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being "blown off" to the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.  There is also an environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.  All of this we can fix!      You will find all of this information in Jim's files for as he incorporated it into the "VES" System he would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. Jim and I were "totally" on the same page of music!   Diffuser patent attached!
Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System incorporated into the "VES"for carbon remediation.
Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation of the CO2 output from the "Implosion Vortex Reactor" whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.  There were several options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage in high pressure wells.  Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.   Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and systems.  I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio growth.  Mid 90's I became a "fan" of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.  Careful study revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or understand.  Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!  Now consider, after careful study you will find that the "green wavelength" in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.  Now if the leaves are absorbing the "green" wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?  Most algae species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, "red bloom" or "red tide" as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.  Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.  Optimize everything!  With the algae species selected based on our desired output (lipid % vs. protein).  The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!  Now we can order the LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.  Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the footprint.  I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.  Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).  Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!  In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of "poisonous oxygen" for when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.  If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.  Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.  Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.  My curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost white like froth.  When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I could "stop action" and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.  Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.  On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition of a "calorie "was wrong!  I built several Diffusers and found that I could "imprint" oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!  I did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.  The water contained super high levels of oxygen.  This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what is known as "bleeding gill" disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.  After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.  When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better "mouse trap" but they declined to buy!  Now Jim and I had the "Super Sono Diffuser" which is so radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.  I call that "thinking outside of the box" LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into our System.  I am an accomplished machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.  You are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.  Day to day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs  "night vision" was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army Material Command.  What fun I had and am happy to be "retired". When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX  "Battle Creek Farms".
You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred till we had the "VES" technology off the ground so to speak!  There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.  Rather "interesting"!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm

Thank you once again.

------ Original message------
From: Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]
Date: Tue, Dec 11, 2018 4:31 PM
To: [email protected];
Cc:
Subject:Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.



Randy, the first prototype Sonodiffuser designed specifically for imprinting oxygen into water used even-odd numbers of holes in rotor vs stator ( no two holes crossing at same time) at a diameter of 1/4 inch bore with a 1/4 inch depth with standard drill bit taper at point. an oxygen feed hole was drilled with 1/16 inch bit so as to feed rotor with pressurized oxygen through hub. The reason it was called Sono- diffuser was that it operated in high sonic frequency due to different rows of holes having different numbers of holes. You have to understand the concept or principle of beat frequencies, sum and difference and harmonics. One rotor with 6 rows of holes, each row different number of holes gave a great number of permutations.� See, Sono-Chemistry.� Have fun for this is very simple and does imprint oxygen in water that persist for long storage times. Like months. University of Texas Professors were stymied trying to explain now the water moleculs held the oxygen. Moray King told me it was at the Nano level.� 600% (60mg/liter) persist for nearly a month in storage.� Remember saturation of water by oxygen is 100% = 10mg/liter.� Ice cold flowing water in streams can take water to supersaturated condition of 120% where trout and other fish will� die.
�
THE INTENTION EXPERIMENT
The Roy Water Experi
ment: April 26, 2008
With this study we wished to delve further into water, by testing
whether intention can changes the molecular structure of water.
This time, we decided to work with Rustum Roy, professor of
materials science at Pennsylvania State University, who is arguably
one of the world�s experts on wate
r. We wished ascertain whether
there were any changes in the structural organization of our water
sample by looking for any changes in the scattering of light waves
through our water sample.
Structured water
The way in which water molecules cluster together can vary
enormously. For instance, water can contain molecular clusters of
up to several hundred H
2
O units apiece.
The �structure� of water, from a scientific point of view, refers to the
molecular arrangements of individual water molecules (which are,
you know two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen). The
molecules form units, or �clusters�, which remain stable anywhere
from a part of a second to several weeks.
As Dr. Roy explains it, think of water molecules as analogous to
individual bricks. When you assemble them into a house, the
various rooms you�ve created with bricks put together in a
particular fashion are its structure.
�Structured water is found in the cytoplasm of healthy tissues and it
is characterized by having a high
solubility for body minerals. It is
also found in healing waters. This appears to be the structure
shared by very different healing wa
ters from some healing spas to
silver aquasols used worldwide,� says Roy.
Weak bonds
Structured waters have been produced in laboratory experiments
using various forms of energy, such as light, sound, heat, pressure
and radiation.
As Roy has written, water molecules adhere not only through
hydrogen bonds but also a wide ra
nge of very weak bonds (known
as van der Waals bonds�).
�It is this range of very weak bonds that could account for the
remarkable ease of changing the structure of water, which in turn
could help explain the half doze
n well-known anomalies in its
properties,� writes Roy.
�In its subtler form, such weak bonds would also allow for the
changes of structure caused by electric and magnetic fields and by
radiation of all kinds, including possibly so-called �subtle energies�,
which are the basis of an enormous range of claims about specially
�structured� water,� he says.
This is important, in terms of determining the power of intention,
because it is �structure (not composition) that largely controls
properties and structures can easily be changed-without any change
of composition,� says Roy.
A perfect example of this is diamond and graphite. Both share
identical composition, yet diamond is one of the hardest substances
on earth and graphite one of the softest.
Healing intentions
�Besides being physically necessary
to life, since ancient times,
water has been closely associated with the psyche, intuition and
healing, and many ancient cultures acknowledge that the great flow
of life is absolutely and inextric
ably linked to water,� he says.
�Although this link has been ignored by modern medical research,
most religious traditions give water a key place in their rituals �
from baptisms and anointing to special blessings.
�It may well be that these blessings, given with true loving
intentions, actually change the structure � hence the properties � of
water. That is the basis of our experiment.
Measuring subtle changes
In this experiment, we used Raman spectroscopy to measure any
change. In 1928, an Indian
physicist named Chandrasekhara
Venkata Raman discovered that when
light is transmitted through
matter, part of the light scatters randomly. A small portion of this
light has different (usually lower)
frequencies to that of the light
source.
This discovery earned Raman a Nobel Prize in 1930. Then, in 1998,
the Raman Effect, as it grew to be called, was named as an ACS
National Historical Chemical La
ndmark in recognition of its
usefulness as a tool for analyzing the composition of liquids, gases
and solids.
The Raman Effect is usually caused by a subtle change in the
vibration of a molecule, caused by a number of factors. Scientists
like Dr. Rustum Roy have recorded changes in the structure of
water molecules with electromagnetic radiation. So with this
experiment, we decided to examine whether the energy of our
collective thoughts can cause these changes.
Any changes in the scattering of light rays would suggest changes
in the structure of the water molecules themselves.
The scientists chose to use Raman spectroscopy because they
discovered one published study showing that Qigong Grandmaster
called Dr. Yan Xin significantly altered the structure of a water
sample, as measured by a Raman spectrometer, when he sent his
Qi from a place seven kilometers away from the water sample.
The importance of the Raman effect and the Raman spectroscopy,
in terms of Intention Experiment, is that we employed a system of
measurement that is universally recognized by the scientific
community to record any sort of subtle change.
How the experiment worked
In the experiment, a probe was inserted into a beaker of water
sample and measurements were taken periodically with the Raman
spectrograph (shown below) for several hours before the
experiment began.
A long cable connected the probe to
a highly sensitive CCD camera
on the instrument sensed any the weak Raman scattering from the
water molecules as they vibrated in response to a red laser light on
the water sample.
According to our protocol, the team continued to take
measurements of the water at regular intervals since the scientists
did not know exactly when we were going to send intention.
Dr. Roy and his team measured the �before� state of the water,
which was essentially identical to the blue curve shown in the graph
below.
All of the participants focused on changing the waters in the same
direction as other healing waters � to look more like the green
curve in the figure.
Unusual calibrations
Professor Roy and his colleagues, Dr. Manju Rao and Dr. Tania
Slawecki, found had a great deal of variation in the water one hour
before
we sent intention.
Our sample water had enormous variation in light scattering to
begin with � a situation that became apparent when the data was
graphed in a different program. So it is possible that the water itself
went through changes before the official time we were supposed to
send intention.
Ultimately, they determined that
our results were inconclusive.
On 12/11/2018 2:43 PM, Randy H�bert [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
�

Very interesting stuff Norman, thanks for posting. Would you be willing to divulge how deep the holes in the rotor and stator were? I know it most likely depends on what fluid you're using and what you're trying to accomplish. Just looking for a good starting point for increasing the oxygen in water. Seems like the benefits are endless.�

Thanks.�

------ Original message------
From: Norman Wootan [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]
Date: Tue, Dec 11, 2018 9:22 AM
To: [email protected];Bert<mailto:[email protected];Bert> Pool;Bob Paddock;Lane Wootan;Mbking42;Steven Elswick;Toby Grotz;Phil Rembold;Angel Alvarez;Fredric Fletcher;Jeane Manning;Jon Gentry;
Cc:
Subject:Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.

�


( 1 of 1 )

________________________________
United States Patent

6,386,751

Wootan , � et al.

May 14, 2002

________________________________
Diffuser/emulsifier
Abstract
A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
________________________________
Inventors:

Wootan; Norman L. (Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc. (

Appl. No.:

08/957,530

Filed:

October 24, 1997

________________________________
Current U.S. Class:

366/170.3 ; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

B01F 7/00�(20060101); B01F 3/08�(20060101); B01F 3/04�(20060101)

Field of Search:

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

________________________________
References Cited [Referenced By]<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>
________________________________
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November 1927


Deniston



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August 1967


Graham



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February 1974


Schaefer



4004553<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4004553>


January 1977


Stenson



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December 1978


Renk



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March 1979


Frenette



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January 1984


Perkins



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October 1988


Husain



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February 1993


Griggs



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November 1993


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May 1995


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July 1998


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�
Other References

Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html><http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..


Primary Examiner: Drodge; Joseph W.
Assistant Examiner: Cecil; Terry K.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, L.L.P.

________________________________
Claims
________________________________


What is claimed is:

1. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first side positioned relative to said surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet through a second side of said second member is introduced, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; and

means for moving said first material through said channel relative to said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.

2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a surface incorporating surface disturbances.

3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface disturbances comprise impressions.

4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.

5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.

6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise protrusions.

7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.

8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.

9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first material.

10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said first member and said second member for passing two different materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.

11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing said first and second materials through said channel.

12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving said first and second materials through said channel.

13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a cylindrical shape.

14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.

15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical shape.

16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical shape.

17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a hemispherical shape.

18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more discrete frequencies.

19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, comprising the steps of:

inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;

inputting said second material through a second side of said second member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and

moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to cause said first and second materials to be compressed and decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second members include surface disturbances facing said channel.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material at a known frequency.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first material at respective discrete frequencies.

25. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first surface incorporating surface disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;

a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof;

a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second surface of said second member such that said second material is input through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first material; and

a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the other to create cavitation in said first material while said first material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.

26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and said second material is a gas.
________________________________
Description
________________________________


CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable

STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid into a material.

2. Description of the Related Art

In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.

There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.

Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment facilities.

Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel through which a first material and a second material may flow. The first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second material into the first material.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of infusion material which will be held by the host material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for consistent diffusion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;

FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the diffuser;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the diffuser;

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;

FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly in a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating the diffusion; and

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the various drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.

A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 1) or curved.

A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.

In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the host material from passing through openings 22.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into both inlets.

In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.

The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure during the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure draws the host material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The energy associated with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular level.

The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion material in the host material.

In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures at a high efficiency.

Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical device.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.

As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.

FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in these figures.

FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40.

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of the rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to outlets 40.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.

The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be dependent upon the application of the device.

As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. It has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.

Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and highly structured substance.

For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.

While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.

The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of the host material. Examples of such applications would include the homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.

FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the accompanying orifices 24.

In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion produced by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.

FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.

Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation and shock waves.

As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to create the cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be more efficient if both surfaces are used.

FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The host material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump or other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.

As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw the materials through the conduit.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of infusion material which will be held by the host material and the persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for consistent diffusion.

Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.
On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
�

Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and take credit for your hard work.� Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the Sonodiffusor Patent.
�Sonodiffuser�
By:� Norman Langston Wootan
9/24/2012
The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to �GOD� truth behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the �Sonodiffuser� aka, shown on the below Patent as �Diffuser/emulsifier�. I being a Master Mason 32nd degree, a decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is widely known as a �no bullshit� sort of guy, do hereby give the following account of the above subject.� Please note on the Patent shown below, the Inventor!
�
�
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( 1 of 1 )

________________________________
United States Patent

6,386,751

Wootan , � et al.

May 14, 2002

________________________________
Diffuser/emulsifier
Abstract
A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
________________________________
Inventors:

Wootan; Norman L. (Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc. (

Appl. No.:

08/957,530

Filed:

October 24, 1997

________________________________
Current U.S. Class:

366/170.3 ; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

B01F 7/00�(20060101); B01F 3/08�(20060101); B01F 3/04�(20060101)

Field of Search:

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

________________________________
�
Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639> . This device �tweaked� my interest for the heat output showed an �anomaly� as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or succusion to produce heating action.� My first find was the Perkins Rotor, Patent #4424797<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.� Next came the Schaefer Patent#3791349<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a �hot� trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.� My next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more energy in the form of Btu�s than the input energy in kWh electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the similarities between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to �prior art�.
After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly violate the �Law of Conservation of Energy�.� My prototype (still have it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a high speed strobe tach to �stop action� the rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the rotor and the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together at the tips.� Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.� A micro cavitation is a vortex that �implodes� with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.� This is proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.� The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by NASA investigation.
I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen into the water.� I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the oxygenated water daily.� When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about �sonochemistry�. �He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of promise.� Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same design features.� I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate neighborhood.� About a week later everything was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.� On our first runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.� Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable product.� Ann Wilson joined our new company which became �Life Affirming Technologies�.� An attorney was brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.� Bobby Burris said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested in buying the big Leadville Coil.� Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.� When the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share interest.� I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental work comprised my 24% share interest.� I still have the original Corp documents with shares in �Life Affirming Technologies�. All necessary shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.
I had been told by a �back door� source to watch Tony Wood when it came to Patent work for he had �weaseled� his way into numerous TI Patents by being on the �team �to develop new technology.� When the Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, Tony Wood had pulled the �sleight of hand� that I suspected. When more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as first inventor.� �No way� was I going to allow that!� Ann Wilson was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his �head� if he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. All of this technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels as high as 600%.� We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.� Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen to be used by sport therapy.� When you sat in the hot tub of diffused oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it �tingled �as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.� We proved that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.� We experimented successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.� We also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.� We demonstrated the sonodiffuser as a�sparger� by diffusing nitrogen into the water which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
�
http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
After I sold my �Intellectual Property� right to Revalesio Corp, Tony Wood went �nuts� filling other patents based on my original ideas.
Revalesio Corp, �left on the table� my latest version of a �Super Diffusor� which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our CO2 sequestration system as a �sparger for harmful oxygen by use of nitrogen.
On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:

Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)
Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), Woodland Hills, California, and the Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS) at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC), are pleased to announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to develop 3600oF Leading Edge Materials for DARPA�s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle Program.� Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique interdisciplinary effort, CIC/CAFS/SIUC have entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement to collaborate in the development, application and commercialization, through licensing, of application specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet identified operational component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.
�
Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, �Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)� Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break through performance improvements.
�
CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) years.� HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
�
•••ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ��Wet Friction Coefficient -� > 50% Higher
o�� Reduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by approx. 30%.� Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were Practically Eliminated
•••ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Wear � Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All Energy Loading Conditions
•••ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Oxidation � Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC System
�
Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC friction materials through the development partnering relationships with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.� As the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
�
As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners to optimize a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :
�
1.��� Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype� (15� Dia), Material Property and Dynamometer Testing Confirmation� (6 � 9 Mo)
2.��� Phase 2 � Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9� 12 Mo)
3.��� Phase 3 � Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 Mo).� Depending on individual partner product optimization requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
�
In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for each application specific component (Product) development
�
•••ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
•••ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and Microstructural Control.� Typical Product Yield > 95%.� Operator Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning �Support Only!
•••ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time � Current Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast < Five (5) Days
�
For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>.
�
On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.� I have decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for your research use if you choose.� In retrospect, I have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla and even Hector.� I have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit of all.

Norman L. Wootan
13723 Lynndale Loop
Abbeville, LA 70510
[email protected]<mailto:[email protected]>
(214)907-0010
�
Time line development of Technologies related to �VES� Green Energy Systems
The �Implosion Vortex Reactor� (IVR) was the starting block of technology for the VES program.
Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in the� summer of 2001 searching for an �ultra high temp.� ceramic material, his intense interest was �tweaked� in this technology!
I digress here:� In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 stainless �Implosion Vortex Reactor�.� Was not able to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.�� An Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.� A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype development.� I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.� In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.� My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, �proof of concept reactor� from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!� I have provided you in previous documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the �Proof of concept� test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the slip.� GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.� See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.� In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the �Implosion Vortex Reactor� at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his heart out!� Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the �technology� undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.� Jim gave me the big �atta boy� for having the forsight and thinking ahead!� I have a complete historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and Industrial Investors.� I hand delivered a complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.� The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.� This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our �VES� Program!
�
Next!� The �Implosion Vortex Turbine� our �Prime Mover�(my vastly improved Tesla Turbine)
To be continued in next message:
Time line development of Technologies related to �VES� Green Energy Systems
This is the second Technology for the �VES� Project:� The Implosion Vortex Turbine.
Since back in the early 70�s I have been an �avid� Researcher in the Technology of Nikola Tesla.� I have everything that has ever been written by or about this �genius�.� Of very special interest was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.�� After doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked for Tesla was very �shrewd� in writing his patents and never divulged all of the technology!� I went to the very �top� internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that no one had a �clue� as to how it really was intended to work at the �super high thermal conversion� figures.� Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.� Due to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.� I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.� At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
After Jim and I addressed the IVR under �VES� his next question was �Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for power generation�?� My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said, �Please educate me for I have not heard of this before�.� I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the turbine.� Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate in the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.� I laid out in �Flow block� diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.� To achieve the �off the charts� thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.� This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!� (MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really alternators).� �Carnot� cycle� or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this System in our files!�� This is a unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
No one has put together the �blocks� for such a System that has such very high performance and efficiency.
�
Next segment: MVR
This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.� Back in 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.� I explored all facets of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. �Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs greater than� 1:1.� This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.� It was previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!� NASA was right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.� Attached is my Patent of this technology known as the �Sono Diffuser�.� Jim was excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a �killer� of algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started prototyping on my farm for a �stand alone� home power system that also produced �pure water� all from the �ambient�.� The total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our �VES� System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by others.� Gray water and �heat of condensation� during the production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. All of these things work like a �charm� but are not currently being utilized.� What a shame.� When Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being �blown off� to the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.� There is also an environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams etc.� All of this we can fix!����� You will find all of this information in Jim�s files for as he incorporated it into the �VES� System he would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. Jim and I were �totally� on the same page of music!�� Diffuser patent attached!
Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System incorporated into the �VES�for carbon remediation.
Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the remediation of the CO2 output from the �Implosion Vortex Reactor� whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.� There were several options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage in high pressure wells.� Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in CA.�� Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and systems.� I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio growth.� Mid 90�s I became a �fan� of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.� Careful study revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or understand.� Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!� Now consider, after careful study you will find that the �green wavelength� in the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.� Now if the leaves are absorbing the �green� wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?� Most algae species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, �red bloom� or �red tide� as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.� Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.� Optimize everything!� With the algae species selected based on our desired output (lipid % vs. protein).� The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!� Now we can order the LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.� Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the footprint.� I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.� Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).� Now if Elaine wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!� In the algae growth cycle there is an accumulation of �poisonous oxygen� for when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.� If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.� Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.� Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.� My curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost white like froth.� When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I could �stop action� and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.� Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.� On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition of a �calorie �was wrong!� I built several Diffusers and found that I could �imprint� oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!� I did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.� The water contained super high levels of oxygen.� This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what is known as �bleeding gill� disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.� After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.� When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better �mouse trap� but they declined to buy!� Now Jim and I had the �Super Sono Diffuser� which is so radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.� I call that �thinking outside of the box� LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into our System.� I am an accomplished machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.� You are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.� Day to day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs� �night vision� was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army Material Command.� What fun I had and am happy to be �retired�. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX� �Battle Creek Farms�.
You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he deferred till we had the �VES� technology off the ground so to speak!� There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.� Rather �interesting�!�� James Warren passed 2012!� (RIP)����� Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.��� Norm

Just a suggestion that's all ..

On Tuesday, December 11, 2018, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] <
[email protected]> wrote:

>
>
> NO!!!!  James, I am not selling information and will put out my files free
> gratis to anyone to use as they see fit.  If you don"t like things that I
> post, your keyboard has the very same delete key as my board.  Like it,
> keep it to use later or in retrospect to some project you may be trying.
> Take the info in the spirit it was given, FREE.   They can't erase it if
> you have it safe on your own HD. As does Hector knows,,Yes! there are SHIT
> Birds out there.
> On 12/11/2018 12:30 PM, James Glinski [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>
>
> Norm you know it might be good to put the info on thum  drive and sell it
> to everyone keeping the information off the net in some way .both ways are
> good but things on the net just disappear like someone is going around
> erasing tec .that would really archive things .and could be put back on the
> net at anytime in the future .there are some real shit birds out there
> .I've seen things in the past that I can't begin to find anymore .Hector
> you too !.
>
> On Tuesday, December 11, 2018, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] <
> [email protected]> wrote:
>
>
>
> DSC01708
>
> I sold this big 40 HP RV to Luther down in Houston, but had gone out and
> got several very powerful speaker magnets to stand motor on end and use
> repulsion magbets to suspend weight of rotor so that there was no rolling
> friction. Two round Neos (1.5 Tesla) on end of shaft would do same job!
> Just food for thought!  Ha!
>
> On 12/11/2018 11:02 AM, Warren Keillor [email protected]
> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>
>
> NHiorman
> That is great fun as a historical document, now that we are familiar with
> Rotorverter operation.
> How careful you were, not to wax enthusiastic about the results, pending
> more study.
> Yet, it demonstrates the serious professional researcher in you, to be
> cautious, as your credibility rested in your good sense, and care.
> We likely can do a lot more with Rotoverters. Too bad you are not sporting
> one on the bench these days.
> I can hardly wait to throw mine up on the table of the warm radiant heated
> stone barn workshop.
> I have two complete 3 hp  identical units, except one has naked bearings
> devoid of grease and seals, which I will not do again, as it is not needed
> to be so fussy.
> I would rather they be completely reliable machines. I might send away for
> some exotic ceramic bearings for that naked unit if I can find some cheap.
> Both units work great, and I need to play with driving some DC motors, I
> have, as it would be intriguing to try to use the rotating power of the
> Rotoverter, to overunity.
> I have only used the capacitor circuit method, which works very well.
> John Bedini told me one has to has 3X over unity, to loop, so I hadn't
> tried to loop a rotoverter directly, making the assumption John had tried a
> Hecter Rotoverter. I am unsure he ever did.
> Cheers Warren
>
>
> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
> <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>
> On Tue, 11 Dec 2018 at 10:56 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]
> <[email protected]> <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
> Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from 2004.  I
> would have to go back and find the party that posted it to the EVGRAY site.
>
> hi
>
>
>
> i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan
>
> last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with
>
> Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic
>
> too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for
>
> aspiring rotoheads...
>
>
>
> Norman writes:
>
>
>
> Hi! Ken:   Thanks for the thought provocative message.   I have 4 two
>
> channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
>
> accurately measuring AC input to the motor.  I just cannot find my
>
> current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
>
> relationship..  I agree with your assessment about  who cares about
>
> the
>
> power factor anyway .  If my power factor was anything other than
>
> unity
>
> then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very
>
> stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be
>
> seen.  The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that
>
> when
>
> the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor
>
> terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the
>
> scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are
>
> identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed
>
> on one another. ?????   I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on
>
> single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase
>
> angle so the motor would run.  This is really interesting.   First,
>
> this
>
> set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor
>
> at
>
> ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and
>
> L3
>
> has the tuning cap value between it and L3.    The one thing that
>
> really
>
>  bugs  me is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and
>
> does not get warm when you load it.  I believe I mentioned that I
>
> have a
>
> 32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some
>
> experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.
>
> I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter
>
> test.   I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and
>
> not serious researchers who really question something so  glaring .
>
> Thanks a million for your sincere interest.   Norm
>
>
>
>  Carrigan, Ken  wrote:
>
>
>
> Norm, et al,
>
> I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent
>
> experimental overunity readings.  I find nothing wrong or that
>
> could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
>
> your really getting something for nothing.  Sure wish you had
>
> an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.
>
> As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
>
> it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
>
> important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?  Tracing back
>
> from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
>
> coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.  This because
>
> the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
>
> then 100%.  So the answer is really in the capacitive input
>
> to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
>
> 480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
>
> portion out - leaving pure resistance.  I am shocked that it
>
> runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
>
>
>
> Any further readings your getting?  I'd sure like to see
>
> your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
>
> analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
>
> and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
>
> taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
>
> wave patterns.
>
> v/r
>
> Ken Carrigan
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
>
> From: Norman Wootan [*mailto:[email protected] <[email protected]>*]
>
>
>
> Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
>
> To: Keelynet
>
> Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
>
>
>
>
>
> Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
>
> ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
>
> with interesting results.  Go to:
>
> *http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm
> <http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm>*
>
>
>
>
>
> I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
>
> results.   This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
>
> I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
>
> Quote:
>
> Well said Hector::   Here is the verification that you have
>
> been waiting for.   Per our off line dialog here is the set
>
> up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
>
> seen.
>
> Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
>
> on 480V.
>
> Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
>
> line input required 20mfd
>
> 370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
>
> amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
>
>
>
> disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.  (generator
>
> unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
>
> resulting
>
> current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
>
> lamp load.
>
> Now things get more interesting.  Since I have two
>
> independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
>
> input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
>
> loaded with pure resistive load.  Well here are the
>
> numbers:   Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
>
> required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
>
> current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.   The independent
>
> generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
>
> The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
>
> of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.  I need
>
>
>
> to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
>
> the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
>
> the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
>
>
>
> input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.   What I find most
>
> interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
>
> phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
>
> gets colder.  The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
>
> after about 30 minutes of running time.   Go figure it out.
>
> I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
>
> magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
>
>
>
> capacitors.   This experiment is so easy to do everyone
>
> should seriously look at this phenomenon.   My next step is
>
> to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
>
> circuit  to provide more loading.
>
> By the way,  all measurements were made with four each Fluke
>
>
>
> 87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
>
>
>
> DC measurements.  Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
>
> determined.
>
> Norm
>
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the
> VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is Heat?
> You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along about here.
>
> Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of thing
> in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is needed!
> After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the very
> interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion Vortex with a
> better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' vortex actions
> produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" core output and a
> "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my document "What is
> Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive ionization" and "cold is
> negative ionization".   Since electrons have mass (see Charged Cluster work
> by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how  negative ionized gases (extra electrons)
> are heavier than positive  ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in
> an implosion vortex the heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the
> lighter gases spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge
> separation occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas flows just
> the same as found in the vortex of a well formed tornado in nature.  The
> result in nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge electrical
> discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how things really
> work!    Norm
>
> ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
> by
> Rhetta Jacobson
> A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
> energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
> movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
> forces, which were created simultaneously
> and which exist constantly in our Universe.
> All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
> we observe are results of the interplay of this
> motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
> or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
> of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
> All the studies of Science, whether it be light
> refraction and reflection, heat convection,
> sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
> chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
> observations have confronted this motion
> body.
> When we attempt to understand, control,
> copy and work with these phenomena we need
> to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
> one expression they all have in common--the
> vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
> In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
> a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
> a map of the movements and forces and list
> some results a vortex has upon the matter within
> it. First, I will consider the group of particles
> rotating about a common center; but the latter
> list of results will consider a single particle of the
> medium rotating about its own axis and the central
> axis of a vortex motion.
> Scientists have observed different types of
> vortexes and given them separate names.
> There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
> vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
> are the same, closed and perpendicular in
> every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
> there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
> perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
> again separated and typed according to the
> shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
> length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
> has a large diameter compared to its height.
> A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
> to its height.
> Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
> by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
> giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
> a given point in space. Here we should note
> that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
> vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
> flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
> a parabolic rotational movement and call it
> a vortex.
> They say every rotating body is a vortex.
> Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
> With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
> about an axis at its center, the velocity
> increases linearly with the distance from the
> center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
> a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
> to the distance from the stir rod. They
> call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
> have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
> very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
> motion can be observed correctly.
> A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
> vortex is a background energy movement
> which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
> The matter does not create the vortex, the
> matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
> about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
> has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
> it. The observation that velocity increases with
> distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
> force which they are applying to a solid
> body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
> velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
> energy movement. They would do more good
> considering what effect that centrifugal force
> has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
> is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
> which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
> sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
> rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
> example of a dandelion seed where this construction
> and rotation slows its descent. In a
> fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
> action is observed; turbulence is caused by
> action from the center outward.
> The standard definition of a vortex is very
> vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
> few characteristics of this motion body and
> another written definition will include other characteristics.
> Generally, we find some common
> included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
> endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
> axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
> anything caught in the motion is drawn.
> Definitions are usually always accompanied
> with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
> of which very little is known.
> I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
> primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
> resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
> cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
> aging and death segments of its time duration.
> It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
> shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
> about a common center to a conical shape
> and back to planar rings again as one force
> gains preponderance, then the other force, and
> takes the process from stillness to maximum
> motion and then back to stillness.
> Most observations of the vortex pattern are
> incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
> cone. This represents one phase of an overall
> appearance in a medium. It does not show the
> motion interaction occurring inside the motion
> body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
> body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
> of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
> to the description of a wave.
> FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
> To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
> of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
> stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
> all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
> as an opposing movement attempting to
> restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
> in a radiative spiral outward from a common
> center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
> opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
> spiral toward a common center. Its
> movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
> travel are always curved and spiral because of
> the others’ resistance, continuously.
> Resistance to movement from inertia causes
> curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
> Polarity is established as soon as there
> is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
> there is a division and with division there is
> polarity.
> Another mind picture: Picture the point being
> acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
> horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
> resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
> in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
> the center point. The ring waves extend to a
> maximum distance until the resistance
> becomes predominant and pushes them back
> toward the center.
> Each rotating ring meets resistance which
> compresses its dissipation and attempts to
> restore an evacuated space. These rings are
> observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
> exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
> an “inert” gas which is defined as being
>
>

Mick, WRONG on your ideas regarding the Tesla Turbine operating 
principles.  In my presentation at the Steven Elswick, Tesla Tech 
Conference, 2016, I went into great detail as to the operating 
principles of Teslas' Turbine which is nothing like you see, so called 
experts claiming.  (Reason why I wanted Doug to Post the DVD on 
YouTube).  First of all, to achieve the fantastic efficiencies that 
Tesla got was to understand super sonic shock waves that adhere to the 
smooth disk boundary layer.  DeLeval developed the nozzle for rockets to 
achieve the thrust needed for flight which was quickly picked up on by 
Robert Goddard.  A properly designed Tesla Turbine has DeLeval nozzles 
which operate at about 1400 ft./sec. velocities which is just above 
super sonic velocity. A short distance from the nozzle the driving gases 
transition to sub-sonic velocity forming a transition shock wave which 
imparts the full kinetic energy of the gases to the moving disk.  
Remember that you are converting POTENTIAL ENERGY (high pressure gas in 
steam chest) into KINETIC ENERGY super sonic gas flow.  NO ONE 
understands this basic principle.  Steven Elswick, Tesla Tech has my DVD 
for sale.




enter image description here

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzle

Do some reading and understand the terminology such as CHOKED FLOW to 
achieve super-sonic velocities.
Mick, It is all in your basic research and understanding.

On 12/11/2018 5:05 PM, Mick Jekyll [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norman,
> Fantastic projects you have been involved with. Have had many mental 
> exercises in advances to the boundary layer turbine.  One of which is 
> a   more parabolic funnel type core with graduated sized disks and the 
> variable nozzle addition similar to the latest Porsche turbochargers 
> that overcome turbo lag. Also variable disk spacing would be trick but 
> more to go wrong. So in essence a bit of Schauberger thrown in with 
> Tesla for good measure.  A tad bit more complex. Sounds as if you have 
> had similar thoughts and already engineered something from both  camps 
> of thought.
>
>
> On Dec 11, 2018 9:39 AM, "Norman Wootan [email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]" <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>
>     When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation,
>     e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame
>     for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have
>     decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this
>     group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I
>     have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents
>     etc. from those of us that have given information freely as did
>     Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for
>     the benefit of all.
>
>
>     Norman L. Wootan
>
>     13723 Lynndale Loop
>
>     Abbeville, LA 70510
>
>     [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>
>     (214)907-0010
>
>     Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green
>     Energy Systems
>
>     The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of
>     technology for the VES program.
>
>     Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001
>     searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense
>     interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>
>     I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for
>     making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type
>     of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first
>     prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to
>     arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor
>     Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a
>     formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent
>     process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went
>     to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account
>     and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft.
>     Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for
>     the purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly contact with
>     Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was
>     funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her
>     Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the $250,000
>     level. While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061
>     aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second
>     working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim
>     asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion
>     Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed
>     densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided you in previous
>     documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In
>     which we had a working agreement with the University. In the
>     spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR
>     attended by 6 Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe
>     it was learned that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator
>     has misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had
>     moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in
>     Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the
>     slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took
>     possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and
>     U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the
>     IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my
>     basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required
>     densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal
>     environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the
>     “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab
>     Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim
>     was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the
>     Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to
>     have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to
>     do with our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for
>     having the forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete
>     historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters
>     with both US Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered
>     a complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western
>     Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same
>     docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of
>     WVA.This will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR
>     portion of our “VES” Program!
>
>     Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly
>     improved Tesla Turbine)
>
>     To be continued in next message:
>
>     Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green
>     Energy Systems
>
>     This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion
>     Vortex Turbine.
>
>     Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in
>     the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever
>     been written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest
>     was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After
>     doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I
>     quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or
>     researching this device did not fully understand just how it
>     worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and
>     never divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top”
>     internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and
>     found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to
>     work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp.
>     tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on steam and
>     was astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned early
>     due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners
>     (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.Due to my background
>     and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just
>     how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the
>     phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined
>     the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to
>     demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent office the
>     Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that
>     eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the
>     operational efficiency and simplified the construction of said
>     turbine.At the International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs,
>     1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent
>     Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was
>     demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>
>     After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question
>     was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the
>     IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine,
>     to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this
>     before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along
>     with stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized
>     in the turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds,
>     Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk)
>     that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would
>     successfully operate in the required environment and would be
>     impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at the micron
>     level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the
>     Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that
>     had the operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure,
>     low temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the
>     charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor
>     Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will be
>     incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a very
>     conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal output.This is
>     totally achievable in the modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat
>     Pump technology will be address in next segment. Our system is a
>     huge shift from the current steam turbines which all operate at
>     very high pressures and very high temperatures so as to maximize
>     the extraction or conversion of thermal energy into mechanical
>     energy to drive the generators (really alternators).“Carnot’
>     cycle” or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our
>     System operates at relatively low pressures and temperatures
>     vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation and
>     practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim and
>     I have all the documentation of this System in our files!This is a
>     unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at
>     the Victorville Facility.
>
>     No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has
>     such very high performance and efficiency.
>
>     Next segment: MVR
>
>     ...
>
>

Mick, Tesla knew DeLeval and since Allis Chalmers, Millwakee,WI was 
already employing the nozzles in their commercial turbines, he went to 
them to build his Turbines and test them.

https://www.autoevolution.com/news/nikola-tesla-s-revolutionary-engine-still-lies-untouched-here-s-how-it-works-112254.html

The Turbine tested by Con Edison, NY  200 HP

The Allis-Chalmers version, 1 0f 3 built. 500 HP

On 12/12/2018 9:12 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Mick, WRONG on your ideas regarding the Tesla Turbine operating 
> principles.  In my presentation at the Steven Elswick, Tesla Tech 
> Conference, 2016, I went into great detail as to the operating 
> principles of Teslas' Turbine which is nothing like you see, so called 
> experts claiming.  (Reason why I wanted Doug to Post the DVD on 
> YouTube).  First of all, to achieve the fantastic efficiencies that 
> Tesla got was to understand super sonic shock waves that adhere to the 
> smooth disk boundary layer.  DeLeval developed the nozzle for rockets 
> to achieve the thrust needed for flight which was quickly picked up on 
> by Robert Goddard.  A properly designed Tesla Turbine has DeLeval 
> nozzles which operate at about 1400 ft./sec. velocities which is just 
> above super sonic velocity. A short distance from the nozzle the 
> driving gases transition to sub-sonic velocity forming a transition 
> shock wave which imparts the full kinetic energy of the gases to the 
> moving disk.  Remember that you are converting POTENTIAL ENERGY (high 
> pressure gas in steam chest) into KINETIC ENERGY super sonic gas 
> flow.  NO ONE understands this basic principle.  Steven Elswick, Tesla 
> Tech has my DVD for sale.
>
>
>
>
> enter image description here
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzle
>
> Do some reading and understand the terminology such as CHOKED FLOW to 
> achieve super-sonic velocities.
> Mick, It is all in your basic research and understanding.
>
> On 12/11/2018 5:05 PM, Mick Jekyll [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Norman,
>> Fantastic projects you have been involved with. Have had many mental 
>> exercises in advances to the boundary layer turbine.  One of which is 
>> a   more parabolic funnel type core with graduated sized disks and 
>> the variable nozzle addition similar to the latest Porsche 
>> turbochargers that overcome turbo lag. Also variable disk spacing 
>> would be trick but more to go wrong. So in essence a bit of 
>> Schauberger thrown in with Tesla for good measure.  A tad bit more 
>> complex. Sounds as if you have had similar thoughts and already 
>> engineered something from both camps of thought.
>>
>>
>> On Dec 11, 2018 9:39 AM, "Norman Wootan [email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]" <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>
>>     When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation,
>>     e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame
>>     for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have
>>     decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this
>>     group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I
>>     have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas,
>>     Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely
>>     as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share
>>     knowledge for the benefit of all.
>>
>>
>>     Norman L. Wootan
>>
>>     13723 Lynndale Loop
>>
>>     Abbeville, LA 70510
>>
>>     [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>
>>     (214)907-0010
>>
>>     Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green
>>     Energy Systems
>>
>>     The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of
>>     technology for the VES program.
>>
>>     Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001
>>     searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense
>>     interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>
>>     I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for
>>     making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type
>>     of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first
>>     prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able
>>     to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An
>>     Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin
>>     and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the
>>     Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up.
>>     I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo
>>     account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq.
>>     ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard,
>>     TX for the purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly
>>     contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the
>>     Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being
>>     represented by Her Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded
>>     at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two
>>     prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and
>>     drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor” from
>>     310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the
>>     construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so
>>     that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!I
>>     have provided you in previous documentation the background info
>>     on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with
>>     the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept”
>>     test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor
>>     representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen
>>     Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million
>>     of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and
>>     purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite
>>     photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal
>>     action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes
>>     and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring
>>     of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the
>>     JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the
>>     technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to
>>     operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our
>>     intention to build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex
>>     Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the
>>     project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his
>>     heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left
>>     a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude
>>     for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent
>>     Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight
>>     and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole
>>     Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and
>>     Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of these
>>     documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX
>>     for our President to review.The same docs were provided to DOE,
>>     Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great
>>     deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
>>
>>     Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly
>>     improved Tesla Turbine)
>>
>>     To be continued in next message:
>>
>>     Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green
>>     Energy Systems
>>
>>     This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion
>>     Vortex Turbine.
>>
>>     Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in
>>     the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever
>>     been written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest
>>     was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After
>>     doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I
>>     quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about
>>     or researching this device did not fully understand just how it
>>     worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and
>>     never divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top”
>>     internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and
>>     found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended
>>     to work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix
>>     Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on
>>     steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was
>>     abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed
>>     in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.Due to
>>     my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully
>>     understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by
>>     Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same
>>     shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla
>>     Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent
>>     office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design
>>     that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and
>>     booster the operational efficiency and simplified the
>>     construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla
>>     Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine
>>     along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on
>>     display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>
>>     After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question
>>     was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the
>>     IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer
>>     Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not
>>     heard of this before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and
>>     drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed
>>     disk utilized in the turbine.Since this turbine operates at such
>>     high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for
>>     runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite
>>     that would successfully operate in the required environment and
>>     would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at
>>     the micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the
>>     operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density
>>     refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed
>>     for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.To
>>     achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced
>>     Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping
>>     technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to
>>     achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal
>>     output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump
>>     Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next
>>     segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam
>>     turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high
>>     temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of
>>     thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators
>>     (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating
>>     system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low
>>     pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication
>>     and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance
>>     requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this
>>     System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be
>>     prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>
>>     No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has
>>     such very high performance and efficiency.
>>
>>     Next segment: MVR
>>
>>     ...
>>
>>