Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.

Body

Global Warming.    Some serious thinking about the problem.

Root Stoichiometric Chemical Equation

**

**


  6C+12H2Oà6CO2+12H2

*72 g + 216 g = 288 g**à**264 g + 24 g = 288 g*

**

*C =12 grams / mole ,H2O = 18 grams / mole*

**

*CO2 = 44 grams / mole , H2 = 2 grams / mole*

**

Based on the above balanced chemical equation, we can do simple 
calculations and conversions to arrive at the necessary data needed for 
marketing analysis and comparison to other methods of production.

**

*Example:If the carbon (C) feed rate for our basic 6 inchreactor is 10 
pounds/ minute, then the hydrogen (H2) output would be 16.97 cubic 
meters / minute.When we extrapolate these figures we arrive at an output 
as follows:1 metric ton (1000Kg or 2200 pounds) carbon (C) yields 3733 
cubic meters of hydrogen (H2) while consuming 6600 pounds (825 gal or 
3630 liters) of water (H2O).At this production rate we can calculate the 
following consumption / output rates:*

*Carbon (coal) demand = 6.55 metric tons/ day.*

*Water (H2O) demand = 5404 gallons or 23,776 liters/ day*

*Hydrogen (H2) output= 24,432 cubic meters/ day*

*Carbon dioxide output= 8067 pounds/ day*

*( carbon dioxide is a direct salable product to the Carbonic Industry)*

**

*To understand the magnitude of the hydrogen supply problem that we are 
faced with, I will site an example from Michael Peavey’s book; Fuel From 
Water entitled “Infrastructure”.“The state of California has mandated 
that one percent of all vehicles be zero polluting by 2005.According to 
a study by Joan Ogden (625), if fuel cell cars meet half the mandate 
there will be 200,000 of them by 2010.There will be 330 fuel cell busses 
if 10% of new busses adopt the technology.Los Angeles will need 26 
million cubic feet (742,857 cubic meters) of hydrogen per day, and by 
2020, 61 million cubic feet (1,742,857 cubic meters) per day.This is 
equivalent to one steam reforming plant used by a large oil 
refinery.Current industrial gas supplies can meet 5 to 15 million cubic 
feet (142,857- 428,571 cubic meters) per day.This can match the demand 
of 46,000 to 138,000 cars and 700 to 2100 busses at a cost of $12 to $30 
per gigajoule (GJ).Natural gas supplies are sufficient for 30 years to 
fuel several million cars.The on-board steam reformers add $12 to $25 
per GJ, greater than the cost of liquid hydrogen.”*

**

*BMW has a liquid hydrogen fuel cell car with a 1000km (624 mi.) range; 
Mercedes will use methanol with low temperature reforming, and Ford with 
gasoline reforming, all within seven years.The additional penalty other 
than the energy cost sited above is the fact that on-board reformers 
exhaust carbon dioxide directly to the environment whereas we capture 
and compress it for industrial use.BMW has the most cost effective 
approach and is more environmentally clean.*

**

*From available (1986) production figures, 500 billion cubic meters were 
produced on a global basis with roughly 50% being produced in the 
U.S.This 250 billion cubic meter production of hydrogen in the U.S. went 
to industrial processes.Now that countries are looking toward switching 
to hydrogen based economies then the demand will skyrocket when hydrogen 
is used as a fuel.Industrial processes will still demand equal or 
greater quantities of hydrogen.The requirement for additional production 
capacity is readily apparent from the above scenario.*

**

*In order to meet these projected demands and provide relief from the 
short supply of both petroleum and natural gas I propose the use of the 
much maligned, EPA identified as a dirty source of energy, U.S. mined 
coal.The preferred feedstock for my reactor is hard coal (Anthracite) 
that contains 95% carbon.Wood charcoal is nearly 100% carbon and is a 
renewable resource.If we as a society are expected to shift to a 
hydrogen based method of transportation and energy production then it is 
necessary to explore alternative methods of hydrogen production.Current 
steam reforming processes utilize both natural gas and petroleum 
products that are already in short supply and are becoming more expensive.*


    Norman L. Wootan

*Battle Creek Farms*

*22825 FM709N*

*Hubbard, TX 76648*

*(254)[email protected]*

On 12/11/2018 9:56 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Hector, here is one that you will remember along with Kone from 2004.  
> I would have to go back and find the party that posted it to the 
> EVGRAY site.
>
> hi
>
> i did an archive search on Keelynet because I remember Norman Wootan
>
> last year posting his rotorverter results and details there, with
>
> Hector comments too Ken Carrigan is there as the original skeptic
>
> too...here it all is for history..some gret information here for
>
> aspiring rotoheads...
>
> Norman writes:
>
> Hi! Ken:Thanks for the thought provocative message.I have 4 two
>
> channel scopes, 3 Tecktronics and one Leader so have no problem
>
> accurately measuring AC input to the motor.I just cannot find my
>
> current probe for the scope to look at the current to voltage
>
> relationship..I agree with your assessment aboutwho cares about
>
> the
>
> power factor anyway .If my power factor was anything other than
>
> unity
>
> then this thing would be more over unity. The input voltage is very
>
> stable 120VAC line with nothing unusual and no noise or spikes to be
>
> seen.The only clue that you may find interesting is the fact that
>
> when
>
> the the motor is fine tuned by adjusting the capacitance between motor
>
> terminals L2 and L3 to give the lowest possible input current then the
>
> scope pictures of the AC voltage at terminal L2 and terminal L3 are
>
> identical in amplitude and are exactly in-phase, actually superimposed
>
> on one another. ?????I always though that to run a 3 phase motor on
>
> single phase you had to use a capacitor to establish the third phase
>
> angle so the motor would run.This is really interesting.First,
>
> this
>
> set up is quite different, for you have one terminal L1 of the motor
>
> at
>
> ground reference (line neutral). L2 is at line potential (120VAC) and
>
> L3
>
> has the tuning cap value between it and L3.The one thing that
>
> really
>
> bugsme is the fact that the 3 phase motor has excellent torque and
>
> does not get warm when you load it.I believe I mentioned that I
>
> have a
>
> 32 HP, 480V, 3450 RPM, 60 HZ motor that I want to set up and do some
>
> experiments that may shed some more light on this obvious phenomenon.
>
> I agree about the lack of interest on the net regards this rotoverter
>
> test.I guess most folks are dropping in for entertainment value and
>
> not serious researchers who really question something soglaring .
>
> Thanks a million for your sincere interest.Norm
>
> Carrigan, Kenwrote:
>
> Norm, et al,
>
> I am shocked that I have not heard anyone comment on your apparent
>
> experimental overunity readings.I find nothing wrong or that
>
> could be wrong with your initial readings, but I question that
>
> your really getting something for nothing.Sure wish you had
>
> an oscope to see exactly what your reading are vice Fluke voltmeter.
>
> As for the power factor going into your motor, who cares if
>
> it is less then unity, it is the useable output that is most
>
> important, and as you stated, it is 'pure' dc?Tracing back
>
> from the DC generator to see where this apparent overunity is
>
> coming from, it must be coming from the AC motor.This because
>
> the DC generator is nothing special - efficiency is less
>
> then 100%.So the answer is really in the capacitive input
>
> to the 3-phase AC motor - running it at 25% voltage (120v vice
>
> 480v) and single phase - with caps to resonate the inductive
>
> portion out - leaving pure resistance.I am shocked that it
>
> runs at all, being non 3-phase and 1/4 volts.
>
> Any further readings your getting?I'd sure like to see
>
> your system in operation and get my scope out, spectrum
>
> analyzer, and RF current probes then take it into a PC
>
> and find out exactly what the power in and out would be
>
> taking into account all distortion, harmonics, complex
>
> wave patterns.
>
> v/r
>
> Ken Carrigan
>
> -----Original Message-----
>
> From: Norman Wootan [_mailto:[email protected]_]
>
> Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 8:09 AM
>
> To: Keelynet
>
> Subject: [Keelynet] Rotoverter
>
> Hector, down in Australia has been experimenting with
>
> ferroresonance transformers and rotary 3 phase converters
>
> with interesting results.Go to:
>
> _http://www.nuenergy.org/energy_amplification.htm_
>
> I built Hectors phase rotoverter with the following
>
> results.This is a very easy experiment for all to try.
>
> I'm sure Ken Carrigan will have fun with this one.
>
> Quote:
>
> Well said Hector::Here is the verification that you have
>
> been waiting for.Per our off line dialog here is the set
>
> up for my rotaryverter so others may duplicate what we have
>
> seen.
>
> Motor is 3HP, 3 Phase, 60HZ, 1725 RPM, wired for operation
>
> on 480V.
>
> Motor free running, tuned to minimum current draw from 120V
>
> line input required 20mfd
>
> 370V oil filled cap resulting with a current draw of .66
>
> amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Motor loaded with belt drive stepup 6:1 ratio to drive a PMI
>
> disk PM, DC motor acting as a generator.(generator
>
> unloaded) required 30 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a
>
> resulting
>
> current draw of .50 amps @ 120VAC input.
>
> Now I loaded the DC generator with 160 watt incandescent
>
> lamp load.
>
> Now things get more interesting.Since I have two
>
> independent systems here, one being driven with 120VAC line
>
> input and the other system a belt driven DC generator being
>
> loaded with pure resistive load.Well here are the
>
> numbers:Motor was retuned for minimum current draw which
>
> required 45 mfd, 370V oil filled cap with a resulting
>
> current draw of .15 amps @ 120VAC input.The independent
>
> generator put out .75 amps @ 74 VDC into a resistive load.
>
> The only thing that needs to be looked at on the input side
>
> of the equation is the power factor of the AC input.I need
>
> to find my tectronics current probe for my scope to look at
>
> the current/ voltage phase relationship. I'm satisfied with
>
> the figures that I calculate which shows roughly 18 watts AC
>
> input with a DC output of 55.5 watts.What I find most
>
> interesting is the fact that the more load you put on the 3
>
> phase motor the lower the input current draw and the motor
>
> gets colder.The belt driven DC generator gets quite hot
>
> after about 30 minutes of running time.Go figure it out.
>
> I believe there is a lot to be learned about revolving
>
> magnetic fields in 3 phase motors and tunning the output via
>
> capacitors.This experiment is so easy to do everyone
>
> should seriously look at this phenomenon.My next step is
>
> to document PF on input and improve the DC side of the
>
> circuitto provide more loading.
>
> By the way,all measurements were made with four each Fluke
>
> 87E meters which I believe to be fairly reliable on 60HZ and
>
> DC measurements.Nothing exotic here. Only PF to be
>
> determined.
>
> Norm
>
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the 
>> VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is 
>> Heat?    You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along 
>> about here.
>>
>> Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of 
>> thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is 
>> needed!
>> After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the 
>> very interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion 
>> Vortex with a better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' 
>> vortex actions produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" 
>> core output and a "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on 
>> my document "What is Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is 
>> positive ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since 
>> electrons have mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  
>> we see how  negative ionized gases (extra electrons) are heavier than 
>> positive  ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in an 
>> implosion vortex the heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with 
>> the lighter gases spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange 
>> and charge separation occurs at the shear lines of the 
>> counter-rotating gas flows just the same as found in the vortex of a 
>> well formed tornado in nature.  The result in nature produces a lot 
>> of ice, hail and huge electrical discharges.    Just passing along 
>> some thought on how things really work!    Norm
>>
>> ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
>> by
>> Rhetta Jacobson
>> A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
>> energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
>> movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
>> forces, which were created simultaneously
>> and which exist constantly in our Universe.
>> All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
>> we observe are results of the interplay of this
>> motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
>> or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
>> of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
>> All the studies of Science, whether it be light
>> refraction and reflection, heat convection,
>> sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
>> chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
>> observations have confronted this motion
>> body.
>> When we attempt to understand, control,
>> copy and work with these phenomena we need
>> to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
>> one expression they all have in common--the
>> vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
>> In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
>> a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
>> a map of the movements and forces and list
>> some results a vortex has upon the matter within
>> it. First, I will consider the group of particles
>> rotating about a common center; but the latter
>> list of results will consider a single particle of the
>> medium rotating about its own axis and the central
>> axis of a vortex motion.
>> Scientists have observed different types of
>> vortexes and given them separate names.
>> There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
>> vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
>> are the same, closed and perpendicular in
>> every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
>> there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
>> perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
>> again separated and typed according to the
>> shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
>> length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
>> has a large diameter compared to its height.
>> A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
>> to its height.
>> Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
>> by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
>> giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
>> a given point in space. Here we should note
>> that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
>> vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
>> flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
>> a parabolic rotational movement and call it
>> a vortex.
>> They say every rotating body is a vortex.
>> Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
>> With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
>> about an axis at its center, the velocity
>> increases linearly with the distance from the
>> center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
>> a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
>> to the distance from the stir rod. They
>> call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
>> have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
>> very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
>> motion can be observed correctly.
>> A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
>> vortex is a background energy movement
>> which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
>> The matter does not create the vortex, the
>> matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
>> about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
>> has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
>> it. The observation that velocity increases with
>> distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
>> force which they are applying to a solid
>> body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
>> velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
>> energy movement. They would do more good
>> considering what effect that centrifugal force
>> has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
>> is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
>> which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
>> sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
>> rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
>> example of a dandelion seed where this construction
>> and rotation slows its descent. In a
>> fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
>> action is observed; turbulence is caused by
>> action from the center outward.
>> The standard definition of a vortex is very
>> vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
>> few characteristics of this motion body and
>> another written definition will include other characteristics.
>> Generally, we find some common
>> included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
>> endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
>> axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
>> anything caught in the motion is drawn.
>> Definitions are usually always accompanied
>> with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
>> of which very little is known.
>> I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
>> primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
>> resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
>> cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
>> aging and death segments of its time duration.
>> It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
>> shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
>> about a common center to a conical shape
>> and back to planar rings again as one force
>> gains preponderance, then the other force, and
>> takes the process from stillness to maximum
>> motion and then back to stillness.
>> Most observations of the vortex pattern are
>> incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
>> cone. This represents one phase of an overall
>> appearance in a medium. It does not show the
>> motion interaction occurring inside the motion
>> body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
>> body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
>> of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
>> to the description of a wave.
>> FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
>> To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
>> of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
>> stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
>> all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
>> as an opposing movement attempting to
>> restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
>> in a radiative spiral outward from a common
>> center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
>> opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
>> spiral toward a common center. Its
>> movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
>> travel are always curved and spiral because of
>> the others’ resistance, continuously.
>> Resistance to movement from inertia causes
>> curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
>> Polarity is established as soon as there
>> is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
>> there is a division and with division there is
>> polarity.
>> Another mind picture: Picture the point being
>> acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
>> horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
>> resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
>> in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
>> the center point. The ring waves extend to a
>> maximum distance until the resistance
>> becomes predominant and pushes them back
>> toward the center.
>> Each rotating ring meets resistance which
>> compresses its dissipation and attempts to
>> restore an evacuated space. These rings are
>> observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
>> exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
>> an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
>> to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
>> beginning of vortex motion.
>> The opposing forces acting upon each other
>> set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
>> opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
>> side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
>> like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
>> forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
>> attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
>> may be restored out of the motion. Local
>> eddies always occur where two movements
>> come against each other, for example, whenever
>> two streams come against each other, or
>> where a moving flow meets a stationary object
>> such as water on a rock.
>> If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
>> to begin a curvature back to a central
>> point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
>> not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
>> as our technology does. Nature was wise
>> enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
>> possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
>> back to the source, the center, to insure that the
>> instability and tensions that were created could
>> be forever repeated so work could be performed.
>> The concentric rings rotating about the
>> sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
>> between each one in series. The first
>> ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
>> tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
>> of deflection to throw back to the center, when
>> the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
>> This causes more numbers of tiny local
>> boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
>> rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
>> against inertia.
>> The second ring has less centrifugal force or
>> outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
>> raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
>> amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
>> number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
>> however, they can be larger in diameter
>> and rotate faster because the ring is already
>> of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
>> to aid the centripetal throw back.
>> If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
>> to come from the center source (as from
>> a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
>> eventually the surrounding rings close to the
>> central point are pushed further apart, weakening
>> the centripetal ability. Every force has a
>> binding field, even in an open system. Even a
>> non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
>> movement meets a boundary wall and curves
>> against its direction and begins to loop back
>> upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
>> curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
>> a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
>> in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
>> according to their curvature, focal length,
>> etc., come into plan and influence whatever
>> passes through them. The undulations and
>> small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
>> rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
>> of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
>> or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
>> off either toward the centrifugal direction or
>> toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
>> push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
>> which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
>> multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
>> central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
>> not throw off much on their periphery, but they
>> orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
>> help the centripetal force hold the momentum
>> there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
>> faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
>> ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
>> (as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
>> because they throw off more along their periphery.
>> When the inward compression (centripetal)
>> force is predominant the amplitude of each
>> shock wave increases and moves the whole
>> series of waves toward the center, compacting
>> the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
>> results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
>> to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
>> again, up and down. This movement
>> meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
>> and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
>> axis.
>> COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
>> We now have a picture of a vortex formation
>> from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
>> directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
>> to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
>> directions of motion interacting within, setting
>> up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
>> boundary walls and naturally establishing
>> a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
>> which represents the pulsation battle occurring
>> between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
>> spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
>> The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
>> Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
>> own resistance and has its equal and opposite
>> potential motion body to unite, propagate and
>> return to stillness.
>> Very briefly, let us go through the aging
>> process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
>> consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
>> drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
>> and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
>> slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
>> then as the outward, resistance force
>> takes preponderance the vortex widens and
>> flattens, as in the drawings.
>> Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
>> closer together and then is pushed further
>> apart.
>> Each concentric spiral is centered around a
>> vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
>> vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
>> becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
>> wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
>> and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
>> axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
>> on a plane.
>> The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
>> in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
>> forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
>> shape again.
>> The contest between the two forces develops
>> pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
>> different pressures, different densities, and
>> potentials, and holds them in concentrated
>> form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
>> At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
>> rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
>> which act as lenses affecting the passage from
>> one layer to the next in series as described.
>> Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
>> space? We always must! We have three axes
>> to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
>> is where rotation occurs around the center,
>> where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
>> centrifugal force can express in preponderance
>> to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
>> through dissipation, separation and explosion.
>> Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
>> forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
>> one plane of stillness.
>> The second axis is the vertical one which is
>> the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
>> is lengthened when the centripetal force
>> expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
>> be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
>> in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
>> solid matter back to an energy transformation
>> through implosion.
>> In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
>> perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
>> only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
>> duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
>> a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
>> a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
>> from one end of its swing to the other end.
>> Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
>> stages between the perfect axis alignment.
>> Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
>> motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
>> force, thus the wobble of the vertical
>> axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
>> no motion and no work expressed in the
>> Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
>> ARE because of the battle between the two
>> forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
>> process from stillness to maximum motion and
>> back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
>> two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
>> to cause work or motion.
>> Motion bodies and matter have different
>> characteristics and manifestations according to
>> which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
>> which axis) is predominant.
>> The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
>> It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
>> matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
>> crystallized along the way. However, all matter
>> is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
>> Vortexes and matter are very different as their
>> vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
>> operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
>> motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
>> rather than when they are oblated in the plane
>> of the centrifugal force.
>> Another component readily observable in
>> vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
>> can be anything from a mere depression which
>> does not extend the full depth of the vortex
>> movement, to a very fine line which centers the
>> motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
>> is hard to measure because it is constantly
>> wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
>> and contracting. However, a black hole centers
>> every vortex movement.
>> Among the varied phenomena observed
>> connected to the hole are disorientation of
>> polarized instruments such as compasses, the
>> inability of electrical equipment to operate as
>> reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
>> and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
>> tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
>> been experienced close to the vortex hole
>> which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
>> in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
>> water and even burning particles have been
>> observed shooting out of the center hole. The
>> hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
>> which causes water to “evaporate” at
>> room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
>> implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
>> A phenomena attributed to the center
>> eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
>> of matter like a pole or stick found
>> inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
>> deposit it there, just like it grew there.
>> Each of these phenomena I will take up in
>> future articles. Each has an explanation and
>> each can be copied for very useful purposes
>> when the Engineering of machines are based
>> upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
>> basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
>> MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
>> Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
>> the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
>> toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
>> Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
>> straight course because of resistance. We
>> know there are different density layers separated
>> by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
>> along the edges. We know there is rotation in
>> every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
>> know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
>> for every layer and particle, just like our
>> planetary system.
>> In our planetary system the planets close to
>> the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
>> centripetally influenced. They are colder,
>> their layers are packed more densely, their
>> shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
>> they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
>> they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
>> of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
>> planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
>> are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
>> observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
>> fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
>> debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
>> A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
>> system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
>> layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
>> each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
>> according to its attributes of density, temperature,
>> volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
>> or valence, etc.
>> So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
>> physical quantities like mass of varying
>> densities, momentum and energy through
>> them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
>> velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
>> and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
>> boundary layer eddies which occur along the
>> skin of each layer and act as lenses.
>> Depending upon the nature of predominance of
>> centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
>> acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
>> , the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
>> into the next layer or thrown outward to the
>> adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
>> process goes on just as a selection process for
>> the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
>> cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
>> eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
>> rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
>> The small eddies which occur by shear
>> forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
>> and mix the edges. According to their distance
>> from the center of a vortex their motion is more
>> centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
>> on the outer layers. Each type of motion
>> influences the character of atoms, molecules
>> and particles by influencing such things as density,
>> volume, tempertaure and many other
>> dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
>> upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
>> lowered and the density increased by
>> packing the layers closer together. This prepares
>> the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
>> layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
>> action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
>> is increased, its temperature is raised and
>> its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
>> more suitable for the outside adjacent.
>> The laminar layers of a vortex have different
>> temperatures, densities, specific weights and
>> speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
>> temperature and volume and show an example
>> of how these factors, when changed can influence
>> flow between the layers in a vortex of
>> water.
>> Water flowing in a natural underground channel
>> will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
>> layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
>> layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
>> depending on the geological lay of the earth
>> may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
>> degrees.
>> The water that has adapted to this layer (4
>> degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
>> of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
>> water is less dense, because it has a higher
>> temperature and an expanded volume.
>> This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
>> by layers of different densities. These less
>> dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
>> pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
>> longitudinal flow.
>> The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
>> the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
>> while pressure from the upper water layer and
>> the water layer from below persists. No single
>> water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
>> 1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
>> the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
>> with vortexian action in the minute boundary
>> layer zone to become one with it. In this way
>> more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
>> then runs off. In this way it is possible that
>> water can exit as a spring close to the top of
>> high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
>> the earth’s surface always show temperatures
>> close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
>> may assume that the movement of the spring
>> water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
>> degrees C has reached its maximum density
>> and can not be more compressed. It would,
>> under additional pressure rather give way to the
>> surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
>> increases according to the pressure.
>> Enormous masses of water are pushed or
>> pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
>> from far below by the temperature differences
>> of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
>> to make water move.
>> Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
>> from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
>> flow.
>> It may be asked at this point why the outside
>> layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
>> perform the same function of shooting the
>> inside layers forward with momentum.
>> Remember, every particle of water is bound to
>> move with a certain speed, depending on its
>> specific weight, and its specific weight is either
>> decreased by warmer temperatures, or
>> increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
>> running water in a conventional pipe
>> increases its friction and decreases the specific
>> weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
>> atom, making it more difficult for an increased
>> volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
>> the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
>> of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
>> changing tiny eddies between layers; which
>> can alter the physical characteristics of the
>> atoms themselves and prepare them for the
>> next inside layer. Here is another instance
>> where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
>> its advantage.
>> VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
>> All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
>> controls and disperses energy and
>> mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
>> higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
>> is literally twisted together just as strands of a
>> rope are twisted together to form strength and
>> solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
>> which controls creation, appearance and decreation
>> and disappearance. In the field of
>> Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
>> positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
>> neutrons can become protons and protons
>> become neutrons millions of times a second. It
>> is recognized that mass can be changed
>> between two opposites. A proton is positive at
>> one instant and is negative at the next instant
>> and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
>> and conditions are recognized and known to
>> fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
>> dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
>> force is dominant so they are defined by
>> their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
>> elements can be totally different in their characteristics
>> such as the example of carbon, which
>> can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
>> and soft like graphite in other conditions.
>> What is not known is that the changing of those
>> conditions is directly controlled by the action of
>> the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
>> whatever is impressed upon the field of the
>> mass within.
>> When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
>> it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
>> density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
>> axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
>> charge, reduces its temperature, changes
>> its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
>> increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
>> reduces its ionization, and several
>> other attributes of its character, which are all
>> results of the type of motion in its field.
>> If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
>> which is within it is influenced by separating,
>> expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
>> shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
>> axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
>> is increased, its temperature is increased, it
>> becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
>> its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
>> opposite.
>> When a vortex motion body is subjected to
>> an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
>> solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
>> cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
>> rod, each ring layer along with the local
>> eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
>> force and will lose some of their centripetal
>> force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
>> mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
>> and breaking apart which occurs along
>> the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
>> and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
>> of Nature, for instance water and air.
>> The above dissolution and expansion can be
>> reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
>> the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
>> choice of creation or de-creation can be
>> demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
>> On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
>> central rod) a square is made with powder. The
>> shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
>> way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
>> until it is completely pulled apart and no
>> longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
>> reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
>> as if a movie were reversed.
>> The control of matter, form and energy can
>> be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
>> of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
>> of the vortex and how to engineer with
>> it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
>> the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
>> determines which force is predominant. We
>> know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
>> vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
>> to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
>> motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
>> as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
>> influence, friction, etc. We know that a
>> fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
>> rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
>> though characteristics of greater vorticity or
>> velocity being at the center is copied here, the
>> shock waves and rings are radiating along the
>> horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
>> but instead decrease, the vortex will never
>> create a center hole where vacuum suction can
>> occur. So the question becomes how can we
>> Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
>> to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
>> force predominant?
>> *****
>>
>> What is Heat #3
>>
>> For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of
>>
>> heating and cooling associated with the phase change of
>>
>> liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of
>>
>> electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this
>>
>> interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted
>>
>> from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My
>>
>> line of thinking really took off back when I experimented
>>
>> with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in
>>
>> electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most
>>
>> people do not understand how these devices move thermal
>>
>> energy through a current flow across a semiconductor
>>
>> junction.Historically we find that German physicist,
>>
>> Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was
>>
>> applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that
>>
>> electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier
>>
>> discovered that when a direct current was applied to two
>>
>> Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not
>>
>> Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of
>>
>> Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of
>>
>> Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then
>>
>> Melted when the polarity of the direct current was
>>
>> Reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100
>>
>> Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor
>>
>> Materials which could provide the wide temperature
>>
>> Differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became
>>
>> Available which revived the electric cooling principles.In
>>
>> The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling
>>
>> Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a
>>
>> Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced
>>
>> Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore
>>
>> Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical
>>
>> Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high
>>
>> Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first
>>
>> Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years
>>
>> ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a
>>
>> small temperature differential across the device a weak
>>
>> current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing
>>
>> the differential provided a proportional increase in current
>>
>> and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the
>>
>> wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on
>>
>> the Keely Net BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of
>>
>> how electron flow could move thermal energy across the
>>
>> junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving
>>
>> thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly
>>
>> reversible situation based on polarity.
>>
>> Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in
>>
>> refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase
>>
>> change material such as water and refrigerants.We have
>>
>> always been led to believe that evaporating water provided
>>
>> cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same
>>
>> mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the
>>
>> condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would
>>
>> you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change
>>
>> provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840
>>
>> Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on
>>
>> escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one
>>
>> of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.
>>
>> Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with
>>
>> the electrical output resulting from the steam friction
>>
>> passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)
>>
>> Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the
>>
>> phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and
>>
>> not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or
>>
>> gain electrons in the process which accounts for the
>>
>> discrepancy in the energy equation when a material
>>
>> transitions between phases.More energy is present after
>>
>> the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The
>>
>> text book stated that this phenomenon could not be
>>
>> explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by
>>
>> Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a
>>
>> Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change
>>
>> of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is
>>
>> totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions
>>
>> were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an
>>
>> electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental
>>
>> question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool
>>
>> that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence
>>
>> of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at
>>
>> a very simple example of heating which may explain this
>>
>> process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is
>>
>> heated because electrons in the material are converted to
>>
>> photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light
>>
>> leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The
>>
>> more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.Now
>>
>> the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water
>>
>> from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a
>>
>> net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the
>>
>> ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame
>>
>> (ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons
>>
>> which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic
>>
>> structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.
>>
>> Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current
>>
>> across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy
>>
>> (ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or
>>
>> absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to
>>
>> how the process works.All phase change processes work the
>>
>> same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical
>>
>> processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is
>>
>> an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level
>>
>> based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.
>>
>> At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago
>>
>> we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in
>>
>> which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the
>>
>> cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on
>>
>> negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly
>>
>> cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a
>>
>> very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion
>>
>> generator operates at very high voltages with very little
>>
>> current involved.It is possible to develop this ion
>>
>> transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical
>>
>> output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember
>>
>> that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal
>>
>> differential will cause a development of current and voltage
>>
>> as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will
>>
>> provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.
>>
>> Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line
>>
>> of experimentation.Norm
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> ( 1of1)
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> United States Patent
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 6,386,751
>>>
>>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> May 14, 2002
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>
>>> Abstract
>>>
>>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Inventors:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>
>>> Assignee:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>
>>> Appl. No.:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 08/957,530
>>>
>>> Filed:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> October 24, 1997
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Current U.S. Class:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>
>>> Current International Class:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>
>>> Field of Search:
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> References Cited _[Referenced By] 
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>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
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>>>
>>> _5782556 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> July 1998
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Chu
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>>
>>> _5810052 
>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> September 1998
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Kozyuk
>>>
>>>
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>> 	
>>>
>>> Other References
>>>
>>>
>>> Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 
>>> [retrieved on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
>>> <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
>>> Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
>>> site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>>>
>>>
>>> /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
>>> /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
>>> /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, 
>>> L.L.P.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> /Claims/
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> What is claimed is:
>>>
>>> 1. A diffuser comprising:
>>>
>>> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>>
>>> a second member having a first side positioned relative to said 
>>> surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through 
>>> which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel 
>>> flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet 
>>> through a second side of said second member is introduced, said 
>>> diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path 
>>> is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout 
>>> operation thereof; and
>>>
>>> means for moving said first material through said channel relative 
>>> to said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first 
>>> material within said channel to diffuse said second material into 
>>> said first material.
>>>
>>> 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a 
>>> surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>>>
>>> 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
>>> disturbances comprise impressions.
>>>
>>> 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.
>>>
>>> 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.
>>>
>>> 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances 
>>> comprise protrusions.
>>>
>>> 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>>>
>>> 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.
>>>
>>> 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first 
>>> member and said second member has one or more orifices formed 
>>> therein to pass said second material into said channel prior to 
>>> mixing with said first material.
>>>
>>> 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
>>> first member and said second member for passing two different 
>>> materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.
>>>
>>> 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for 
>>> drawing said first and second materials through said channel.
>>>
>>> 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for 
>>> driving said first and second materials through said channel.
>>>
>>> 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>>> cylindrical shape.
>>>
>>> 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.
>>>
>>> 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical 
>>> shape.
>>>
>>> 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>>> spherical shape.
>>>
>>> 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
>>> hemispherical shape.
>>>
>>> 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
>>> against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or 
>>> more discrete frequencies.
>>>
>>> 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
>>> comprising the steps of:
>>>
>>> inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel 
>>> formed between a first member and a first side of a second member, 
>>> wherein a substantially continuous flow path is provided from said 
>>> first inlet to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;
>>>
>>> inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
>>> member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and
>>>
>>> moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
>>> cause said first and second materials to be compressed and 
>>> decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within 
>>> said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.
>>>
>>> 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second 
>>> members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>>>
>>> 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.
>>>
>>> 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.
>>>
>>> 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances 
>>> positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first 
>>> material at a known frequency.
>>>
>>> 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
>>> second members includes a surface with surface disturbances 
>>> positioned in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said 
>>> first material at respective discrete frequencies.
>>>
>>> 25. A diffuser comprising:
>>>
>>> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>>>
>>> a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
>>> disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a 
>>> channel thorough which a first material flows between said 
>>> respective member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;
>>>
>>> a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said 
>>> channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially 
>>> continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to said 
>>> channel throughout operation thereof;
>>>
>>> a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
>>> surface of said second member such that said second material is 
>>> input through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first 
>>> material; and
>>>
>>> a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
>>> other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
>>> material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into 
>>> said first material.
>>>
>>> 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid 
>>> and said second material is a gas.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> /Description/
>>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>>>
>>> Not Applicable
>>>
>>> STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>>>
>>> Not Applicable
>>>
>>> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>> 1. Technical Field
>>>
>>> This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more 
>>> particularly, to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying 
>>> a gas or liquid into a material.
>>>
>>> 2. Description of the Related Art
>>>
>>> In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
>>> material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is 
>>> a subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one 
>>> liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will 
>>> not mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the 
>>> diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities 
>>> aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to 
>>> stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of 
>>> biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the 
>>> amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to 
>>> sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic 
>>> matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such 
>>> as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>>>
>>> There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine 
>>> aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller 
>>> which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be 
>>> sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system 
>>> produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and 
>>> subjects the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX 
>>> device have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen 
>>> (approximately 20 ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. 
>>> Naturally occurring levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 
>>> ppm maximum, which is considered to be a level of 100% dissolved 
>>> oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the oxygen content of the 
>>> water. The increased oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to 
>>> reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.
>>>
>>> Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
>>> oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
>>> wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion 
>>> would be increased and the amount of time need for biological 
>>> remediation would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater 
>>> treatment facilities.
>>>
>>> Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
>>> diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.
>>>
>>> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>> In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having 
>>> a surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
>>> positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
>>> through which a first material and a second material may flow. The 
>>> first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to 
>>> create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the 
>>> second material into the first material.
>>>
>>> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
>>> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
>>> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
>>> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
>>> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and 
>>> shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical 
>>> device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave 
>>> produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to 
>>> break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. 
>>> Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly 
>>> throughout a material for consistent diffusion.
>>>
>>> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>>>
>>> For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
>>> advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following 
>>> descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in 
>>> which:
>>>
>>> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially 
>>> block diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>>>
>>> FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
>>> diffuser;
>>>
>>> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
>>> diffuser;
>>>
>>> FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>>>
>>> FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator 
>>> assembly in a second embodiment of the invention;
>>>
>>> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment 
>>> of the invention;
>>>
>>> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the 
>>> invention;
>>>
>>> FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for 
>>> generating the diffusion; and
>>>
>>> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the 
>>> invention.
>>>
>>> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>>>
>>> The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of 
>>> the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the 
>>> various drawings.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
>>> cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
>>> diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
>>> (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or 
>>> liquid material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material 
>>> may be a normally solid material which is heated or otherwise 
>>> processed to be in a liquid or gaseous state during the 
>>> diffusion/emulsification process.
>>>
>>> A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both 
>>> ends. Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. 
>>> A first infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the 
>>> interior of rotor 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which 
>>> rotates the rotor at a desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality 
>>> of openings 22 formed therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 
>>> 1a. In the preferred embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow 
>>> orifice 24 and a larger borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the 
>>> boreholes 26 can assume various shapes including straight (as shown 
>>> in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 1) or curved.
>>>
>>> A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between 
>>> the rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. 
>>> The stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A 
>>> housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second 
>>> infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the 
>>> housing 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the 
>>> channel 32. Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the 
>>> housing 34. An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 
>>> 32 to a pump 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may 
>>> also be driven by motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.
>>>
>>> In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material 
>>> through inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the 
>>> host material on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host 
>>> material to pass through the channel at low pressures. The first and 
>>> second infusion materials are introduced to the host material 
>>> through openings 22. The infusion materials may be pressurized at 
>>> their source to prevent the host material from passing through 
>>> openings 22.
>>>
>>> The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for 
>>> the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different 
>>> infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. 
>>> Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into 
>>> both inlets.
>>>
>>> In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high 
>>> levels of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host 
>>> material. Tests using oxygen as the infusion material and water as 
>>> the host material have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen 
>>> in the water, with the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.
>>>
>>> The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion 
>>> is believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described 
>>> in connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a 
>>> smooth surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin 
>>> boundary layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of 
>>> the surface tension between the moving fluid and the stationary 
>>> surface. The openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can 
>>> cause compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure 
>>> during the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation 
>>> bubbles) will form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate 
>>> a rotary flow pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area 
>>> of low pressure draws the host material and the infusion material, 
>>> as shown in FIG. 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely 
>>> high pressures result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a 
>>> succusion (shock wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The 
>>> energy associated with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion 
>>> material and the host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps 
>>> at the molecular level.
>>>
>>> The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings 
>>> that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the 
>>> device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic 
>>> frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed 
>>> that operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies 
>>> provides the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding 
>>> angle of the fluid molecule, which enables it to transport 
>>> additional infusion materials which it would not normally be able to 
>>> retain. The frequency at which the diffuser operates appears to 
>>> affect the degree of diffusion, leading to much longer persistence 
>>> of the infusion material in the host material.
>>>
>>> In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
>>> desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case 
>>> of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
>>> succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
>>> (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can 
>>> be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the 
>>> sub-structures at a high efficiency.
>>>
>>> Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 
>>> 10. In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical 
>>> reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a 
>>> piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem 
>>> associated with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound 
>>> waves do not provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; 
>>> rather, the desired cavitation is localized around the device 
>>> itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be 
>>> produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical device.
>>>
>>> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 
>>> and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
>>> rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
>>> (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
>>> disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a 
>>> different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. 
>>> In similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays 
>>> of openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To 
>>> ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays 
>>> will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a 
>>> given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the 
>>> number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. 
>>> Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced 
>>> around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 
>>> openings spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>>>
>>> As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array 
>>> will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly 
>>> choosing different frequencies, a sum and difference interference 
>>> pattern will result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This 
>>> spectrum of frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where 
>>> unknown impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and 
>>> oxidized.
>>>
>>> FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
>>> stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form 
>>> the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 
>>> uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can 
>>> be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each 
>>> borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 
>>> 24 is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then 
>>> placed in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 
>>> 30. Other methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the 
>>> stator 30.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 
>>> 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated 
>>> in these figures.
>>>
>>> FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment 
>>> where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b 
>>> illustrates a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is 
>>> formed above and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 
>>> have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
>>> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by 
>>> the motor. As before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one 
>>> opening more or less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in 
>>> order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings within an 
>>> array, The openings 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. 
>>> A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk 
>>> shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 
>>> between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second 
>>> infusion material. As the host material flows in the channel 32 
>>> between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the 
>>> vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of 
>>> the first and second materials with the host material. The infused 
>>> host material passes to outlets 40.
>>>
>>> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
>>> plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the 
>>> rotor 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at 
>>> different frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 
>>> would be formed on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding 
>>> openings would be formed above and below these openings on the 
>>> stator 30.
>>>
>>> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
>>> where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 
>>> 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
>>> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by 
>>> the motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of 
>>> the rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the 
>>> conical shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the 
>>> stator 30 at the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 
>>> may have one opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to 
>>> prevent simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same 
>>> array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the 
>>> disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. Similarly, an 
>>> area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second 
>>> infusion material. As the host material flows between the rotor 12 
>>> and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at the 
>>> openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second 
>>> materials with the host material. The infused host material passes 
>>> to outlets 40.
>>>
>>> In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of 
>>> openings 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of 
>>> multiple frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any 
>>> number of shapes could be used, including hemispherical and 
>>> spherical shapes to realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>>>
>>> The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of 
>>> applications. Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and 
>>> borehole 26), width of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator 
>>> diameters may be dependent upon the application of the device.
>>>
>>> As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. 
>>> In this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and 
>>> second infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the 
>>> wastewater (or other water needing aeration) as described in 
>>> connection with FIG. 1. It has been found that the diffuser can 
>>> increase the oxygenation to approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, 
>>> with greater concentrations expected as parameters are optimized for 
>>> this application. In tests which circulated approximately twenty 
>>> five gallons of municipal water at ambient temperatures (initially 
>>> having a reading of 84.4% dissolved oxygen) through the device for 
>>> five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved oxygen content, the enhanced 
>>> concentration of oxygen levels remained above 300% dissolved oxygen 
>>> for a period of four hours and above 200% dissolved oxygen for over 
>>> 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved oxygen content remained 
>>> above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 kHz were used. The 
>>> sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the orifice 24 and 0.25 
>>> inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on the rotor having 
>>> sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly increase the 
>>> oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>>>
>>> Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of 
>>> other toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion 
>>> materials and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In 
>>> this case, the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures 
>>> in the host material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. 
>>> Further, as described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by 
>>> the arrays of openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used 
>>> to provide an destructive interference pattern which would break 
>>> down many of the complex structures into smaller substructures. 
>>> Alternatively, if the treatment was directed towards oxidation of a 
>>> single known hazardous substance, it would be possible to use a 
>>> single frequency which was known to successfully break down the 
>>> structure. Conversely, a set of frequencies which result in a 
>>> constructive interference pattern could be used to combine two or 
>>> more compounds into a more complex and highly structured substance.
>>>
>>> For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and 
>>> second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.
>>>
>>> While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in 
>>> connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater 
>>> remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such 
>>> as drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>>>
>>> The diffuser could also be used for other applications where 
>>> diffusion of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the 
>>> characteristics of the host material. Examples of such applications 
>>> would include the homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of 
>>> oils. Other applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing 
>>> fuel and gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
>>> stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, 
>>> the frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
>>> rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one 
>>> of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion 
>>> material through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an 
>>> infusion material); the component which does not pass an infusion 
>>> material has its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the 
>>> turbulence. The cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the 
>>> boreholes 26 without the accompanying orifices 24.
>>>
>>> In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is 
>>> passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the 
>>> borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous 
>>> embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the 
>>> borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material 
>>> along the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and 
>>> rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the 
>>> micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion 
>>> produced by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation 
>>> bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles 
>>> grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by 
>>> the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
>>> produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion 
>>> of the infusion materials into the host material as it passes 
>>> through the channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and 
>>> the host material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and 
>>> resultant shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above 
>>> will result.
>>>
>>> FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the 
>>> host material and one or more infusion materials is performed 
>>> outside of channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or 
>>> other device) is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion 
>>> material(s) and the host material. The mixture is input into the 
>>> channel 32 between the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the 
>>> compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause 
>>> cavitation in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the 
>>> shock waves.
>>>
>>> Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
>>> performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown 
>>> in the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are 
>>> surface disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host 
>>> material along the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a 
>>> protrusion, such as bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance 
>>> in place of or in conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other 
>>> than rounded shapes could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves 
>>> (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to 
>>> generate the cavitation and shock waves.
>>>
>>> As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
>>> generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
>>> rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
>>> disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather 
>>> than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the 
>>> cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be 
>>> formed on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. 
>>> Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both 
>>> the surface of the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to 
>>> create the cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the 
>>> device 10 will be more efficient if both surfaces are used.
>>>
>>> FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
>>> cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with 
>>> entrained infused material) rather than by relative motion of the 
>>> rotor 12 and stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 
>>> is formed between two walls 66 which are static relative to one 
>>> another, one or both of which have surface disturbances facing the 
>>> channel 32. The host material is driven through the channel at high 
>>> speed using a pump or other device for creating a high speed flow. 
>>> One or more infusion materials are input into the channel, either 
>>> through orifices 24 or by mixing the host material with the infusion 
>>> materials external to the channel. The high speed of the host 
>>> material relative to the walls 66 causes the micro-cavitation and 
>>> succussions described above.
>>>
>>> As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, 
>>> through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host 
>>> material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh 
>>> would cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material 
>>> flows over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions 
>>> would depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the 
>>> host material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into 
>>> the host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.
>>>
>>> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating 
>>> member 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. 
>>> The host material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 
>>> 72 upstream from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 
>>> or other device. The rotating member could be, for example, 
>>> propeller or auger shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 
>>> has one or more surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of 
>>> the rotating member 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, 
>>> thereby causing a high degree of diffusion between the materials. 
>>> The shape of the propeller blades and pattern of the surface 
>>> disturbances 76 thereon could create the cavitation and succussion 
>>> at a desired frequency for purposes described above. Further, the 
>>> shape of the rotating device could draw the materials through the 
>>> conduit.
>>>
>>> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
>>> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
>>> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
>>> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
>>> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and 
>>> shock waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical 
>>> device. Third, the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave 
>>> produced by the device can be used in many applications, either to 
>>> break down complex structures or to aid in combining structures. 
>>> Fourth, the cavitations and shock waves can be produced uniformly 
>>> throughout a material for consistent diffusion.
>>>
>>> Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed 
>>> to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
>>> embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested 
>>> to those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any 
>>> modifications or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope 
>>> of the Claims.
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off 
>>>> and take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 
>>>> 2012) after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
>>>> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>>>
>>>> “Sonodiffuser”
>>>>
>>>> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>>>
>>>> 9/24/2012
>>>>
>>>> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” 
>>>> truth behind the research, conception, development and disposition 
>>>> of the “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
>>>> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
>>>> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
>>>> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
>>>> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent 
>>>> shown below, the Inventor!
>>>>
>>>> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> ( 1of1)
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> United States Patent
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 6,386,751
>>>>
>>>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> May 14, 2002
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>>>
>>>> Abstract
>>>>
>>>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>>>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>>>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>>>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>>>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>>>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>>>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in 
>>>> the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single 
>>>> frequency or a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation 
>>>> may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host 
>>>> material and may also be effective in breakdown of complex 
>>>> molecular structures.
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Inventors:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>>>
>>>> Assignee:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>>>
>>>> Appl. No.:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 08/957,530
>>>>
>>>> Filed:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> October 24, 1997
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Current U.S. Class:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>>>
>>>> Current International Class:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>>>
>>>> Field of Search:
>>>>
>>>> 	
>>>>
>>>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>>>
>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>
>>>> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and 
>>>> Development for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find 
>>>> new and exciting energy technologies that could be developed and 
>>>> employed in the average home in order to improve efficiency and 
>>>> lower cost of maintaining the living environment at the desired 
>>>> comfort level. It was during this exhaustive search that I happened 
>>>> to find the domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, 
>>>> Patent #4143639 
>>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
>>>> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
>>>> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
>>>> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
>>>> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
>>>> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
>>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
>>>> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
>>>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
>>>> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
>>>> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on 
>>>> a “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous 
>>>> output.My next find was very interesting for it has shown that a 
>>>> former employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive 
>>>> device as the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with 
>>>> help from several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA 
>>>> Engineers and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. 
>>>> Outputting more energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy 
>>>> in kWh electrical. A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs 
>>>> because of the similarities between the two devices and eventually 
>>>> Perkins won out at the Patent Office due to “prior art”.
>>>>
>>>> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
>>>> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could 
>>>> possibly violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype 
>>>> (still have it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical 
>>>> section housing the rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be 
>>>> able to see what type of action is taking place between the 
>>>> rotating rotor and the glass cylinder. With water flowing through 
>>>> the operating device, I bathed the frothy looking water (what you 
>>>> see in your blender when set on puree) with coherent light LASER, 
>>>> HeNe and at the same time used a high speed strobe tach to “stop 
>>>> action” the rotor which was turning at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I 
>>>> saw literally millions of micro tornadoes arranged in pairs with 
>>>> the open end of one attached to the rotor and the other open end 
>>>> connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones joined at the 
>>>> center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together at the 
>>>> tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused by 
>>>> micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This 
>>>> cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.A 
>>>> micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” with pressures 
>>>> approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is proven by the 
>>>> fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into 
>>>> atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs 
>>>> at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light 
>>>> spectrum.The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the 
>>>> cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire 
>>>> device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found 
>>>> by NASA investigation.
>>>>
>>>> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
>>>> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
>>>> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method 
>>>> was to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse 
>>>> oxygen into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins 
>>>> Rotor and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex 
>>>> generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed 
>>>> higher level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
>>>>
>>>> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including 
>>>> Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the 
>>>> oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was 
>>>> immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. 
>>>> Before Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about 
>>>> “sonochemistry”. He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and 
>>>> wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of 
>>>> promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new 
>>>> rotary device, larger but with same design features.I designed all 
>>>> the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the 
>>>> immediate neighborhood.About a week later everything was finished 
>>>> at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new 
>>>> prototype.On our first runs of the new prototype we saw very high 
>>>> levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for it remained 
>>>> combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% oxygen 
>>>> levels.Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and 
>>>> bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop 
>>>> this technology into a viable product.Ann Wilson joined our new 
>>>> company which became “Life Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was 
>>>> brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while 
>>>> Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation 
>>>> and begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent 
>>>> application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the 
>>>> complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked 
>>>> with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the 
>>>> process was initiated.
>>>>
>>>> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
>>>> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of 
>>>> Bobby Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville 
>>>> Tesla Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby 
>>>> Burris said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was 
>>>> interested in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann 
>>>> Wilson brought Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an 
>>>> investment of $80,000.When the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony 
>>>> wood had a 25% share interest, Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest 
>>>> and Bobby Burris had a 25% share interest.I had no money so my 
>>>> intellectual property and developmental work comprised my 24% share 
>>>> interest.I still have the original Corp documents with shares in 
>>>> “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary shareholder meetings 
>>>> and other legal requirements were met on a monthly basis.
>>>>
>>>> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
>>>> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
>>>> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
>>>> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent 
>>>> application, Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I 
>>>> suspected. When more than one inventor is shown on a patent, 
>>>> alphabet order comes into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan 
>>>> alphabetically, he was shown as first inventor.“No way” was I going 
>>>> to allow that!Ann Wilson was witness to the fact that I buried the 
>>>> head of a ball peened hammer into a lab table top and told Tony 
>>>> Woods that would be his “head” if he did not immediately change the 
>>>> order of the inventors. All of this technology was mine from the 
>>>> very start and Tony Wood was the facilitator of the funding and the 
>>>> instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>>>>
>>>> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen 
>>>> levels as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show 
>>>> places like Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown 
>>>> hydroponically without having to drain them down for root exposure 
>>>> to oxygen.Our plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable 
>>>> vitality and growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>>>>
>>>> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen 
>>>> to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
>>>> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
>>>> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the 
>>>> skin.
>>>>
>>>> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
>>>> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We 
>>>> proved that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion 
>>>> rate and colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We 
>>>> experimented successfully with ground water remediation in 
>>>> contaminated wells.We also demonstrated the ability to break 
>>>> complex molecular structures (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into 
>>>> water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by 
>>>> diffusing nitrogen into the water which stripped out all oxygen. 
>>>> This process is valuable in the growth of algae for oxygen is an 
>>>> algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of light, water and CO2. 
>>>> Which makes it an aerobic process.
>>>>
>>>> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>>>
>>>> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>>>
>>>> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>>>
>>>> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, 
>>>> Tony Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>>>>
>>>> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
>>>> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our 
>>>> CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of 
>>>> nitrogen.
>>>>
>>>> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor 
>>>>> led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. 
>>>>> (SIUC)
>>>>>
>>>>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>>>>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* 
>>>>> at *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are 
>>>>> pleased to announce the expansion of the scope of their current 
>>>>> collaboration to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for 
>>>>> DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic Vehicle Program.Consistent with the 
>>>>> goals and focus of this unique interdisciplinary effort, 
>>>>> *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a */Strategic Alliance 
>>>>> Agreement/* to collaborate in the development, application and 
>>>>> commercialization, through licensing, of application specific, 
>>>>> architectural combinations of design, construction, materials, 
>>>>> fabrication, and process variables to meet identified operational 
>>>>> component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite 
>>>>> Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.
>>>>>
>>>>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low 
>>>>> Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite 
>>>>> Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the 
>>>>> development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production 
>>>>> and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid 
>>>>> Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” Composite Friction Material that has 
>>>>> demonstrated break through performance improvements.
>>>>>
>>>>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>>>>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials 
>>>>> which has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 
>>>>> 1 and other high energy friction applications for more than thirty 
>>>>> (30) years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized 
>>>>> below.
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>>>
>>>>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>>>>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>>>>> Practically Eliminated
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for 
>>>>> All Energy Loading Conditions
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>>>>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid 
>>>>> HMCC System
>>>>>
>>>>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>>>>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>>>>> friction materials through the development partnering 
>>>>> relationships with recognized friction material manufacturers to 
>>>>> facilitate; introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic 
>>>>> benefits.As the commercial and industrial markets are large and 
>>>>> varied, the need exists to tailor each end-use considering 
>>>>> specific application operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. 
>>>>> requirements.
>>>>>
>>>>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners 
>>>>> _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as 
>>>>> exemplified by :
>>>>>
>>>>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>>>>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>>>>
>>>>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet 
>>>>> Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>>>>
>>>>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>>>>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>>>>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can 
>>>>> be overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>>>
>>>>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support 
>>>>> for each application specific component (Product) development
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>>>>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to 
>>>>> Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>>>>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>>>>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>>>>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>>>>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and 
>>>>> Cleaning Support Only!
>>>>>
>>>>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current 
>>>>> Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>>>
>>>>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>>>>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, 
>>>>> or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, 
>>>>> President, Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; 
>>>>> e-mail: [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. 
>>>>> Peter Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>>>>
>>>>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>>>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame 
>>>>>> for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>>>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this 
>>>>>> group site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I 
>>>>>> have realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, 
>>>>>> Patents etc. from those of us that have given information freely 
>>>>>> as did Tesla and even Hector.  I have always tried to share 
>>>>>> knowledge for the benefit of all.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>>>
>>>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>>>
>>>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green 
>>>>>> Energy Systems
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>>>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>>>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>>>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for 
>>>>>> making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type 
>>>>>> of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first 
>>>>>> prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able 
>>>>>> to arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An 
>>>>>> Investor Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin 
>>>>>> and do a formal presentation of the technology at which time the 
>>>>>> Patent process was begun and funding for the project was set up. 
>>>>>> I went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo 
>>>>>> account and Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. 
>>>>>> ft. Research lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, 
>>>>>> TX for the purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly 
>>>>>> contact with Jim due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the 
>>>>>> Project was funded ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being 
>>>>>> represented by Her Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded 
>>>>>> at the $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two 
>>>>>> prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs and 
>>>>>> drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept reactor” from 
>>>>>> 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist him in the 
>>>>>> construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, IL so 
>>>>>> that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor unit!I 
>>>>>> have provided you in previous documentation the background info 
>>>>>> on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement with 
>>>>>> the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” 
>>>>>> test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor 
>>>>>> representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen 
>>>>>> Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million 
>>>>>> of the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and 
>>>>>> purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite 
>>>>>> photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal 
>>>>>> action against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes 
>>>>>> and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring 
>>>>>> of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the 
>>>>>> JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the 
>>>>>> technology to produce the required densified ceramics so as to 
>>>>>> operate the IVR at the optimum thermal environment. It was our 
>>>>>> intention to build out our version of the “Implosion Vortex 
>>>>>> Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the 
>>>>>> project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim was working his 
>>>>>> heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left 
>>>>>> a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude 
>>>>>> for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent 
>>>>>> Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the forsight 
>>>>>> and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of the whole 
>>>>>> Project with all the Contact Letters with both US Government and 
>>>>>> Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set of these 
>>>>>> documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX 
>>>>>> for our President to review.The same docs were provided to DOE, 
>>>>>> Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great 
>>>>>> deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>>>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>>>
>>>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green 
>>>>>> Energy Systems
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>>>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in 
>>>>>> the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever 
>>>>>> been written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest 
>>>>>> was his Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After 
>>>>>> doing extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I 
>>>>>> quickly came to the conclusion that all that were writing about 
>>>>>> or researching this device did not fully understand just how it 
>>>>>> worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and 
>>>>>> never divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” 
>>>>>> internet sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and 
>>>>>> found that no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended 
>>>>>> to work at the “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix 
>>>>>> Corp. tested a 500HP version of this turbine being operated on 
>>>>>> steam and was astounded with the results. This turbine was 
>>>>>> abandoned early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed 
>>>>>> in the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.Due to 
>>>>>> my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline I fully 
>>>>>> understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was utilized by 
>>>>>> Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal efficiency. In 1994, same 
>>>>>> shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built a museum quality Tesla 
>>>>>> Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed with the US Patent 
>>>>>> office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design 
>>>>>> that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and 
>>>>>> booster the operational efficiency and simplified the 
>>>>>> construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla 
>>>>>> Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine 
>>>>>> along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on 
>>>>>> display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question 
>>>>>> was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the 
>>>>>> IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer 
>>>>>> Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not 
>>>>>> heard of this before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and 
>>>>>> drawings along with stress analytical formulas for the high speed 
>>>>>> disk utilized in the turbine.Since this turbine operates at such 
>>>>>> high speeds, Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for 
>>>>>> runners (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite 
>>>>>> that would successfully operate in the required environment and 
>>>>>> would be impervious to erosion and could be surface finished at 
>>>>>> the micron level.I laid out in “Flow block” diagrams, the 
>>>>>> operation of the Boundary layer Turbine utilizing a high density 
>>>>>> refrigerant that had the operational characteristics we needed 
>>>>>> for a low pressure, low temperature very efficient turbine.To 
>>>>>> achieve the “off the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced 
>>>>>> Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping 
>>>>>> technology will be incorporated into the System. We are able to 
>>>>>> achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal 
>>>>>> output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump 
>>>>>> Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next 
>>>>>> segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam 
>>>>>> turbines which all operate at very high pressures and very high 
>>>>>> temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of 
>>>>>> thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the generators 
>>>>>> (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating 
>>>>>> system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low 
>>>>>> pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication 
>>>>>> and operation and practically eliminates most maintenance 
>>>>>> requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of this 
>>>>>> System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be 
>>>>>> prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has 
>>>>>> such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>>>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 
>>>>>> 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a 
>>>>>> very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic 
>>>>>> heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all 
>>>>>> facets of heating and cooling technology including the various 
>>>>>> thermal storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW 
>>>>>> has the absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. 
>>>>>> Home heating systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation 
>>>>>> in oil to produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later 
>>>>>> verified by NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the 
>>>>>> US Parent Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.It was 
>>>>>> previously thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was 
>>>>>> impossible!NASA was right for I built a device based on the 
>>>>>> Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the high COP which is 
>>>>>> micro cavitation which disassociates the water molecule at the 
>>>>>> microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices after which 
>>>>>> there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits heat and 
>>>>>> a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached is my 
>>>>>> Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was 
>>>>>> excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it 
>>>>>> later in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of 
>>>>>> oxygen from the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a 
>>>>>> “killer’ of algae since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic 
>>>>>> condition.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I 
>>>>>> jumped into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I 
>>>>>> started prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power 
>>>>>> system that also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The 
>>>>>> total System utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power 
>>>>>> generation and used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating 
>>>>>> media. (Same block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” 
>>>>>> System). Heat scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be 
>>>>>> Patented) no one has anything like this for its principles of 
>>>>>> operation are unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of 
>>>>>> condensation” during the production of water from the air rounded 
>>>>>> out the heat sought in the process. All of these things work like 
>>>>>> a “charm” but are not currently being utilized.What a shame.When 
>>>>>> Jim told me that the state of CA had passed legislation that 
>>>>>> would end the vast cooling tower thermal and vapor emissions, I 
>>>>>> proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping capability of 
>>>>>> our System to produce pure water for recycle back into the power 
>>>>>> plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible heat 
>>>>>> to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex 
>>>>>> turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an 
>>>>>> alternator to augment the power production of the central plant 
>>>>>> or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall 
>>>>>> efficiency of the power plant system would be increased by an 
>>>>>> additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown off” to the 
>>>>>> atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also an 
>>>>>> environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams 
>>>>>> etc.All of this we can fix!You will find all of this information 
>>>>>> in Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he 
>>>>>> would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. 
>>>>>> Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of music!Diffuser 
>>>>>> patent attached!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>>>
>>>>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular 
>>>>>> System incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>>>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>>>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>>>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground 
>>>>>> storage in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line 
>>>>>> needs in CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and 
>>>>>> obtained lots of information regarding their solar fences and 
>>>>>> systems.I told Jim about my idea of using LED light panels, 
>>>>>> powered by low voltage DC which do not heat the growth media and 
>>>>>> can be run 24 hours a day vs. the solar fence units that are 
>>>>>> limited to sun light availability. Now we get into an interesting 
>>>>>> area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. 
>>>>>> Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several fantastic books about this very 
>>>>>> subject.Careful study revealed several factors that University 
>>>>>> Researchers do not know or understand.Ever wonder why most plant 
>>>>>> foliage appears green to the human eye? You say it is the 
>>>>>> chlorophyll, the chemical media for photosynthesis where sun 
>>>>>> light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to make the hydrocarbon 
>>>>>> molecules for cell growth!Now consider, after careful study you 
>>>>>> will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar spectrum 
>>>>>> (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo process.Now 
>>>>>> if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why do the 
>>>>>> leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, in 
>>>>>> fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” 
>>>>>> as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and 
>>>>>> anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim that 
>>>>>> we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light 
>>>>>> wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize 
>>>>>> growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
>>>>>> everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired 
>>>>>> output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more 
>>>>>> biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the 
>>>>>> LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel 
>>>>>> arrays.Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container 
>>>>>> like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the 
>>>>>> footprint.I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels 
>>>>>> and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid 
>>>>>> media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and 
>>>>>> fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow 
>>>>>> rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
>>>>>> calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in 
>>>>>> density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and 
>>>>>> nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered 
>>>>>> what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae 
>>>>>> growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for 
>>>>>> when the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a 
>>>>>> byproduct.If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of 
>>>>>> losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono 
>>>>>> Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in 
>>>>>> sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to 
>>>>>> tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>>>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>>>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values 
>>>>>> caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for 
>>>>>> the outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe 
>>>>>> the fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the 
>>>>>> microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular 
>>>>>> light the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe 
>>>>>> laser light (coherent light) the picture changed and when 
>>>>>> illuminated with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop 
>>>>>> action” and see the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the 
>>>>>> water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ UV because of the 
>>>>>> almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which broke the 
>>>>>> hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination detonation 
>>>>>> which yielded the blue light photon and resulting heat.Thus I 
>>>>>> found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation Systems which 
>>>>>> is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a 
>>>>>> COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition of a 
>>>>>> “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I 
>>>>>> could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was 
>>>>>> persistent! Did not come out of solution!I did all kinds of 
>>>>>> research with highly oxygenated water to include ground water 
>>>>>> remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating 
>>>>>> plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain 
>>>>>> down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen 
>>>>>> absorption.The water contained super high levels of oxygen.This 
>>>>>> phenomenon is well known in very cold running water falls where 
>>>>>> fish will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” disease 
>>>>>> because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 125% 
>>>>>> and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in the 
>>>>>> fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. 
>>>>>> I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my 
>>>>>> Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better 
>>>>>> “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the 
>>>>>> “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not 
>>>>>> infringe on the original Patent.I call that “thinking outside of 
>>>>>> the box” LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked 
>>>>>> forward to incorporating it into our System.I am an accomplished 
>>>>>> machinist along with all other technical disciplines for I have 
>>>>>> spent a full life in the very highest levels of technology.You 
>>>>>> are kind of exposed to such things when you have a Military 
>>>>>> Research and Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day 
>>>>>> I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land 
>>>>>> Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, 
>>>>>> (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed 
>>>>>> wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for 
>>>>>> the Army Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be 
>>>>>> “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 
>>>>>> years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had 
>>>>>> my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>>>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>>>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want 
>>>>>> to develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too 
>>>>>> old.Rather “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012! (RIP)      
>>>>>> Literally hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>>>>
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