Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.

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United States Patent

	

6,386,751

Wootan ,   et al.

	

May 14, 2002

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Diffuser/emulsifier

Abstract

A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a host 
material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator 
can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the 
infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in 
breakdown of complex molecular structures.

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Inventors:

	

Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)

Assignee:

	

Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(

Appl. No.:

	

08/957,530

Filed:

	

October 24, 1997

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Current U.S. Class:

	

366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305

Current International Class:

	

B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)

Field of Search:

	

366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1

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References Cited _[Referenced By] 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_

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U.S. Patent Documents


	
	
	
	
	

	

_1650561 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F1650561>_

	
	

November 1927

	
	

Deniston


	

_3333771 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3333771>_

	
	

August 1967

	
	

Graham


	

_3791349 
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February 1974

	
	

Schaefer


	

_4004553 
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January 1977

	
	

Stenson


	

_4128342 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4128342>_

	
	

December 1978

	
	

Renk


	

_4136971 
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January 1979

	
	

Varlamov et al.


	

_4143639 
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March 1979

	
	

Frenette


	

_4361414 
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November 1982

	
	

Nemes et al.


	

_4424797 
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January 1984

	
	

Perkins


	

_4778336 
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October 1988

	
	

Husain


	

_5188090 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5188090>_

	
	

February 1993

	
	

Griggs


	

_5263774 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5263774>_

	
	

November 1993

	
	

Delcourt


	

_5419306 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>_

	
	

May 1995

	
	

Huffman


	

_5590961 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>_

	
	

January 1997

	
	

Rasmussen


	

_5782556 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_

	
	

July 1998

	
	

Chu


	

_5810052 
<http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_

	
	

September 1998

	
	

Kozyuk


	
	
	
	
	

Other References


Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved 
on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
<http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..


/Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
/Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
/Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, L.L.P.

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/Claims/

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What is claimed is:

1. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first side positioned relative to said surface 
of said first member to form a channel therebetween through which a 
first material provided from a first inlet into said channel flows and 
into which a second material provided from a second inlet through a 
second side of said second member is introduced, said diffuser 
configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is provided 
from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation thereof; and

means for moving said first material through said channel relative to 
said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material 
within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first 
material.

2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a surface 
incorporating surface disturbances.

3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
disturbances comprise impressions.

4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.

5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.

6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise 
protrusions.

7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.

8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.

9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member 
and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass 
said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first 
material.

10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
first member and said second member for passing two different materials 
to said channel prior to mixing with each other.

11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing 
said first and second materials through said channel.

12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving 
said first and second materials through said channel.

13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a cylindrical 
shape.

14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.

15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical shape.

16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical 
shape.

17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
hemispherical shape.

18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more 
discrete frequencies.

19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
comprising the steps of:

inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed 
between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a 
substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet to 
said channel throughout said method of diffusing;

inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and second 
members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and

moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
cause said first and second materials to be compressed and decompressed 
resulting in cavitation of said first material within said channel to 
diffuse said second material into said first material.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second members 
include surface disturbances facing said channel.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.

22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.

23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with said surface disturbances positioned in 
an array to compress and decompress said first material at a known 
frequency.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and second 
members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned in a 
plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first material at 
respective discrete frequencies.

25. A diffuser comprising:

a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;

a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a channel 
thorough which a first material flows between said respective member 
surfaces, said second member further having orifices;

a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said channel, 
said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path 
is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation 
thereof;

a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
surface of said second member such that said second material is input 
through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first material; 
and

a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into said 
first material.

26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and 
said second material is a gas.

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/Description/

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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not Applicable

STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not Applicable

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, 
to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid 
into a material.

2. Description of the Related Art

In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a 
subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one liquid 
are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not mix, such 
as oil into vinegar. One important application of the diffusion process 
is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities aerate their wastewater 
as part of the treatment process in order to stimulate biological 
degradation of organic matter. The rate of biological digestion of 
organic matter is very dependent upon the amount of oxygen in the 
wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to sustain the life of the 
microorganisms which consume the organic matter. Additionally, oxygen is 
able to remove some compounds, such as iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.

There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine aeration 
systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller which mixes 
the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be sprayed into the 
air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system produced by AQUATEX 
injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects the water/gas to a 
large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device have shown an 
improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 ppm (parts per 
million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring levels of oxygen 
in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is considered to be a 
level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX device doubles the 
oxygen content of the water. The increased oxygenation levels last only 
minutes prior to reverting back to 100% dissolved oxygen levels.

Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would 
be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation 
would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment 
facilities.

Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a 
surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
through which a first material and a second material may flow. The first 
material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to create 
cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second material 
into the first material.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
consistent diffusion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions 
taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block 
diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;

FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
diffuser;

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
diffuser;

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;

FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly in 
a second embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment of 
the invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the invention;

FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating 
the diffusion; and

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of the 
drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the various 
drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
(hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid 
material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a 
normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be in 
a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.

A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. 
Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first 
infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 
12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a 
desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed 
therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred 
embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger 
borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various 
shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in FIG. 
1) or curved.

A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the 
rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The 
stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A housing 
34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second infusion 
material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34. The 
host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. Seals 38 are 
formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. An outlet 40 
passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 42, where it 
exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by motor 18 or by 
an auxiliary source.

In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through 
inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material 
on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass 
through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion 
materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The 
infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the 
host material from passing through openings 22.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for the 
diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different infusion 
materials to be introduced to the host material. Alternatively, a single 
infusion material could be introduced into both inlets.

In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels of 
diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests 
using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material 
have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with the 
increased oxygen levels lasting for days.

The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is 
believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in 
connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth 
surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary layer 
that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface tension 
between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The openings 22, 
however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause compression and 
decompression of the material. If the pressure during the decompression 
cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will form in the 
material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow pattern 46, like 
a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure draws the host 
material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 2a. When the 
cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures result. As two 
aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock wave) occurs, 
generating significant energy. The energy associated with cavitation and 
succussion mixes the infusion material and the host material to an 
extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular level.

The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings that 
pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the device 
operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic frequency 
can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that operating 
the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides the maximum 
succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the fluid 
molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion materials 
which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency at which 
the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of diffusion, leading 
to much longer persistence of the infusion material in the host material.

In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case of 
water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
(volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can be 
used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures at a 
high efficiency.

Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. In 
general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical reactions. 
Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a piezoelectric or other 
electro-acoustical device. A problem associated with electro-acoustical 
transducers is that the sound waves do not provide uniform sound waves 
throughout the material; rather, the desired cavitation is localized 
around the device itself. The present invention allows the ultrasonic 
waves to be produced throughout a material using a simple mechanical 
device.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 and 
stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
(shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a different 
number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In similar 
fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of openings 52 
(shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To ensure that only 
one pair of openings between corresponding arrays will be coincident at 
any one time, the number of openings 22 in a given array 52 on the 
stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the number of openings 22 in 
the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. Thus, for example, if array 
50a had twenty openings evenly spaced around the circumference of rotor 
12, array 52 could have 21 openings spaced evenly around the 
circumference of stator 30.

As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array will 
create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing 
different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will 
result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of 
frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown 
impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form the 
borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 uses an 
inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can be drilled, 
from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each borehole 26 on the 
inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 is drilled on the 
outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed in, and secured to, 
the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other methods, such as 
casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.

FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 10. 
Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in these 
figures.

FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment where 
the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates a top 
view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above and 
below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a plurality of 
openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, which pass by 
each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As before, for each 
array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less than the 
corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous 
succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 22 can be of 
the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 
to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion 
material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 
receives the second infusion material. As the host material flows in the 
channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to 
the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of 
the first and second materials with the host material. The infused host 
material passes to outlets 40.

FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 
12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different 
frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed on 
the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be 
formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 
have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection with 
FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. 
In addition to the openings around the circumference of the rotor 12, 
there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical shape, with 
corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at the bottom. As 
before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one opening more or less 
than the rotor 12 in order to prevent simultaneous succussion at two 
openings 22 on the same array. A hollow shaft serves as the inlet 16 to 
the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first infusion material. 
Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 34 receives 
the second infusion material. As the host material flows between the 
rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is subjected to the vortex generation at 
the openings 22, thereby causing a diffusion of the first and second 
materials with the host material. The infused host material passes to 
outlets 40.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 
22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple 
frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of 
shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to 
realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.

The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. 
Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width of 
channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be dependent 
upon the application of the device.

As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In 
this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second 
infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or 
other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. It 
has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to 
approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations 
expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests 
which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water at 
ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved 
oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved 
oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained 
above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% 
dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved 
oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 
kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the 
orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on 
the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could significantly 
increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.

Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other 
toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials 
and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, 
the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host 
material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as 
described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of 
openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an 
destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the 
complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the 
treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous 
substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was 
known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of 
frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could be 
used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and highly 
structured substance.

For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and second 
infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.

While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in connection 
with large applications, such as municipal wastewater remediation, it 
could also be used in household applications, such as drinking water 
purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.

The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion 
of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of 
the host material. Examples of such applications would include the 
homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other applications 
could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and gases/liquids 
resulting in higher fuel economy.

FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the 
frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one of 
either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material 
through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion 
material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has 
its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The 
cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the 
accompanying orifices 24.

In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is passed 
through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the borehole 26, 
rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous embodiments. It should be 
noted that the primary purpose of the borehole 26 is to disrupt the 
laminar flow of the host material along the surface of the rotor 12 and 
stator 30. The compression and rarefaction (decompression) of the host 
material causes the micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of 
diffusion produced by the device. During decompression, voids 
(cavitation bubbles) are produced in the host material. The cavitation 
bubbles grow and contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced 
by the frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of 
the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the 
channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host 
material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant shock 
waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.

FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host 
material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of 
channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) 
is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and 
the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between the 
rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the compression/rarefaction 
cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation in the mixture, and is 
subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.

Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in 
the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface 
disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along 
the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as bump 
62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in conjunction 
with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes could also be 
used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could be formed in the 
rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation and shock waves.

As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather than 
a particular frequency. The structures used to create the cavitation 
need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed on the rotor 
12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, as shown in 
FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of the rotor 12 
and the surface of the stator 30 to create the cavitation; however, in 
most cases, operation of the device 10 will be more efficient if both 
surfaces are used.

FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained 
infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and 
stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed 
between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or 
both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The host 
material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump or 
other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion 
materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by 
mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the 
channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 
causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.

As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, through 
which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host material in 
the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would cause 
micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows over the 
mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would depend upon 
the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host material. Once 
again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the host material at 
the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.

FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 
70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host 
material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream 
from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other device. 
The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger shaped. On 
the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more surface 
disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 70 
creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high 
degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller 
blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create 
the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes 
described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw 
the materials through the conduit.

The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
consistent diffusion.

Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed to 
certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to 
those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications or 
alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.

On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
> take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) 
> after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>
> “Sonodiffuser”
>
> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>
> 9/24/2012
>
> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth 
> behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
> “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent shown 
> below, the Inventor!
>
> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>
>
>
> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>
>
> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>
>
> 	
>
> ( 1of1)
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> United States Patent
>
> 	
>
> 6,386,751
>
> Wootan ,   et al.
>
> 	
>
> May 14, 2002
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Diffuser/emulsifier
>
> Abstract
>
> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
> relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
> openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
> openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
> resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
> and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and 
> stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
> frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between 
> the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective 
> in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Inventors:
>
> 	
>
> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>
> Assignee:
>
> 	
>
> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>
> Appl. No.:
>
> 	
>
> 08/957,530
>
> Filed:
>
> 	
>
> October 24, 1997
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Current U.S. Class:
>
> 	
>
> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>
> Current International Class:
>
> 	
>
> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>
> Field of Search:
>
> 	
>
> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development 
> for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and 
> exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in 
> the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of 
> maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It 
> was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the domestic 
> oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a 
> “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.My 
> next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former employer 
> for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as the hydro 
> sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from several 
> Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers and was 
> definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more energy in 
> the form of Btu’s than the input energy in kWh electrical. A court 
> fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the similarities 
> between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out at the Patent 
> Office due to “prior art”.
>
> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly 
> violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype (still have 
> it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the 
> rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type 
> of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass 
> cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed 
> the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on 
> puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a 
> high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the rotor which was turning at 
> 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro tornadoes 
> arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the rotor and 
> the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the vortex cones 
> joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream cones together 
> at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects are now caused 
> by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat propellers in water. This 
> cavitation is highly destructive to metals if allowed to persist.A 
> micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” with pressures 
> approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is proven by the fact 
> that the pressure is so extreme that water is split into atomic oxygen 
> and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process occurs at a very tiny 
> level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue light spectrum.The 
> attendant heat produced at this micro level is the cause of rapid 
> metal erosion and collectively causes the entire device to exhibit 
> over unity operational characteristics as found by NASA investigation.
>
> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was 
> to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen 
> into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor and 
> found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex generating 
> holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher level of 
> oxygen was being infused into the water.
>
> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including Anthony 
> Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the oxygenated 
> water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was immediately 
> intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before Tony Woods 
> saw my device running, he had no clue about “sonochemistry”. He was 
> retiring (forced by staff reduction) and wanted to invest some of his 
> retirement funds into something of promise.Thus he wanted to fund the 
> machining cost of a whole new rotary device, larger but with same 
> design features.I designed all the parts and gave the shop drawings to 
> a machinist in the immediate neighborhood.About a week later 
> everything was finished at a cost of $6,800 and I proceeded to 
> assemble the new prototype.On our first runs of the new prototype we 
> saw very high levels of infused oxygen which was very persistent for 
> it remained combined in the water for days. We are talking about 200% 
> oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. 
> and bring in several investors to provide the needed funds to develop 
> this technology into a viable product.Ann Wilson joined our new 
> company which became “Life Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was 
> brought on board from Austin who drew up the legal documents while 
> Tony and I were setting up a lab to do the necessary documentation and 
> begin the technical description and drawings needed for Patent 
> application. When I had completed all the drawings and did the 
> complete technical explanation as to how the device actually worked 
> with the various embodiments needed by the Patent attorney, the 
> process was initiated.
>
> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
> Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla 
> Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris 
> said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested 
> in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought 
> Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.When 
> the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, 
> Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share 
> interest.I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental 
> work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have the original Corp 
> documents with shares in “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary 
> shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a 
> monthly basis.
>
> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, 
> Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When more 
> than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes into 
> play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was shown as 
> first inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson was 
> witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened hammer 
> into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his “head” if 
> he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. All of this 
> technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was the 
> facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>
> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels 
> as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like 
> Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically 
> without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.Our 
> plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and 
> growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>
> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen to 
> be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>
> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
> that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
> colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We experimented 
> successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.We 
> also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures 
> (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated 
> the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water 
> which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth 
> of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence of 
> light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
>
> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>
> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>
> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>
> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, Tony 
> Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>
> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our CO2 
> sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of nitrogen.
>
> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor led 
>> to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. (SIUC)
>>
>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at 
>> *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to 
>> announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration to 
>> develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON Hypersonic 
>> Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of this unique 
>> interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered into a 
>> */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the development, 
>> application and commercialization, through licensing, of application 
>> specific, architectural combinations of design, construction, 
>> materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet identified 
>> operational component needs using proprietary CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>> Composite Systems technology, know-how and intellectual property.
>>
>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low Erosion 
>> Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite Components 
>> for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the development of a 
>> Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production and, 4) the 
>> Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon (HMCC)” 
>> Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break through 
>> performance improvements.
>>
>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
>> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
>> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
>> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>>
>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>
>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>> Practically Eliminated
>>
>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
>> Energy Loading Conditions
>>
>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC 
>> System
>>
>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
>> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
>> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As 
>> the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need 
>> exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
>> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>>
>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners _to 
>> optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified by :
>>
>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>
>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet Partner 
>> Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>
>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be 
>> overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>
>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
>> each application specific component (Product) development
>>
>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to Meet 
>> Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>
>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and Cleaning 
>> Support Only!
>>
>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current Production 
>> Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>
>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, or 
>> other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, 
>> Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: 
>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter 
>> Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame for 
>>> all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group 
>>> site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have 
>>> realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. 
>>> from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla and 
>>> even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the benefit 
>>> of all.
>>>
>>>
>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>
>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>
>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>
>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>
>>> (214)907-0010
>>>
>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>> Systems
>>>
>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>
>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>
>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
>>> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of reactor 
>>> vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first prototype 304 
>>> stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to arouse any 
>>> interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor Group in 
>>> Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal 
>>> presentation of the technology at which time the Patent process was 
>>> begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to Carson City 
>>> NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and Incorporation 
>>> for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was 
>>> constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of 
>>> prototype development.I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his 
>>> interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded ($1.5 
>>> million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her Deitsmar.My 
>>> prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. While I was 
>>> machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop 
>>> the CAD specs and drawings, and the second working, “proof of 
>>> concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist 
>>> him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at Carbondale, 
>>> IL so that he could produce a needed densified ceramic reactor 
>>> unit!I have provided you in previous documentation the background 
>>> info on this Program at SICU. In which we had a working agreement 
>>> with the University. In the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of 
>>> concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor 
>>> representatives from Europe it was learned that John MacAllen 
>>> Funding and Project coordinator has misappropriated $1.2 million of 
>>> the Project funds. He had moved to the US from Berlin, GE and 
>>> purchased a home and yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite 
>>> photo of home and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action 
>>> against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and Patent 
>>> Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim 
>>> and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology using the JEP Patent 
>>> Process to Patent around my basic patents. Jim had the technology to 
>>> produce the required densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at 
>>> the optimum thermal environment. It was our intention to build out 
>>> our version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned 
>>> Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately funded. 
>>> To that end, Jim was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR 
>>> and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed 
>>> so as to have the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim 
>>> wanted to do with our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” 
>>> for having the forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete 
>>> historical book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters 
>>> with both US Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a 
>>> complete set of these documents to the George Bush Western 
>>> Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same docs 
>>> were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This 
>>> will give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our 
>>> “VES” Program!
>>>
>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>
>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>
>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>> Systems
>>>
>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>
>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in the 
>>> Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
>>> written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his 
>>> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing 
>>> extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly 
>>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked 
>>> for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never 
>>> divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” internet 
>>> sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that 
>>> no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the 
>>> “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP 
>>> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded 
>>> with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack 
>>> of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the 
>>> needed stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the 
>>> Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary 
>>> Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal 
>>> efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR unit; I built 
>>> a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the technology.I filed 
>>> with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure of a new very unique 
>>> new hub design that eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of 
>>> Tesla and booster the operational efficiency and simplified the 
>>> construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla Conference, 
>>> Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla Turbine along with the 
>>> Patent Disclosure to the museum and it went on display and was 
>>> demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>
>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
>>> “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR for 
>>> power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to which 
>>> Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this before”.I 
>>> sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with stress 
>>> analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
>>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim quickly 
>>> showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that he would 
>>> produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully operate 
>>> in the required environment and would be impervious to erosion and 
>>> could be surface finished at the micron level.I laid out in “Flow 
>>> block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine 
>>> utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the operational 
>>> characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low temperature very 
>>> efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the charts” thermal 
>>> efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) Industrial 
>>> Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the System. We are 
>>> able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. 
>>> thermal output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump 
>>> Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in next 
>>> segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current steam turbines 
>>> which all operate at very high pressures and very high temperatures 
>>> so as to maximize the extraction or conversion of thermal energy 
>>> into mechanical energy to drive the generators (really 
>>> alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of calculating system thermal 
>>> efficiency. Our System operates at relatively low pressures and 
>>> temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and operation 
>>> and practically eliminates most maintenance requirements. Both Jim 
>>> and I have all the documentation of this System in our files!This is 
>>> a unique System approach to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at 
>>> the Victorville Facility.
>>>
>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has such 
>>> very high performance and efficiency.
>>>
>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>
>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 1980 
>>> I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a very 
>>> large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic heat 
>>> utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets of 
>>> heating and cooling technology including the various thermal storage 
>>> systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the absolute 
>>> highest storage density of all known Systems. Home heating systems 
>>> such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to produce COPs 
>>> greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by NASA and 
>>> Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent Office as 
>>> Inventor of such an over unity device.It was previously thought that 
>>> a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was right for I built 
>>> a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the secret behind the 
>>> high COP which is micro cavitation which disassociates the water 
>>> molecule at the microscopic level in the billions of shear vortices 
>>> after which there is a re-combination (micro implosion) which emits 
>>> heat and a near UV blue wave length light photon emission.Attached 
>>> is my Patent of this technology known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was 
>>> excited to learn of this device or technology for we need it later 
>>> in the Photo Bioreactor system to act as a sparger of oxygen from 
>>> the growth media for algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae 
>>> since we have to maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>>
>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>>> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that 
>>> also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System 
>>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same block 
>>> flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat scavenging 
>>> was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no one has 
>>> anything like this for its principles of operation are unknown by 
>>> others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the production 
>>> of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the process. 
>>> All of these things work like a “charm” but are not currently being 
>>> utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the state of CA had 
>>> passed legislation that would end the vast cooling tower thermal and 
>>> vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the advanced heat pumping 
>>> capability of our System to produce pure water for recycle back into 
>>> the power plants plus scavenge the heat of condensation and sensible 
>>> heat to go back into the process and drive our Implosion Vortex 
>>> turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a prime mover driving an 
>>> alternator to augment the power production of the central plant or 
>>> provide power for auxiliary plant loads. The overall efficiency of 
>>> the power plant system would be increased by an additional 50 % by 
>>> capturing the energy being “blown off” to the atmosphere in outdated 
>>> cooling towers.There is also an environmental concern due to hot 
>>> water discharge into streams etc.All of this we can fix!You will 
>>> find all of this information in Jim’s files for as he incorporated 
>>> it into the “VES” System he would e-mail all the docs for my review 
>>> and comment or additions. Jim and I were “totally” on the same page 
>>> of music!Diffuser patent attached!
>>>
>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>
>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
>>> incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>
>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage 
>>> in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in 
>>> CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots of 
>>> information regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim 
>>> about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC 
>>> which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day vs. 
>>> the solar fence units that are limited to sun light availability. 
>>> Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio growth.Mid 90’s I 
>>> became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who wrote several 
>>> fantastic books about this very subject.Careful study revealed 
>>> several factors that University Researchers do not know or 
>>> understand.Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the 
>>> human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for 
>>> photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon to 
>>> make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now consider, after 
>>> careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in the solar 
>>> spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the photo 
>>> process.Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” wavelength, why 
>>> do the leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae species are green, 
>>> in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red bloom” or “red tide” 
>>> as you have seen when the water is depleted of oxygen and anaerobic 
>>> condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told Jim that we would 
>>> gather empirical data regarding the optimum light wavelength needed 
>>> for a particular algae species. To maximize growth rate and reduce 
>>> power input in the light panels.Optimize everything!With the algae 
>>> species selected based on our desired output (lipid % vs. 
>>> protein).The higher lipid output, the more biodiesel you get per ton 
>>> of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the LEDs from China sources 
>>> customized to go in our Lucite panel arrays.Jim designed these 
>>> modules around the Sea land Container like Module and has a clever 
>>> and practical layout of the footprint.I built several of these 
>>> laminated clear Lucite panels and did several LED patterns that 
>>> would bathe the passing fluid media containing the algae with the 
>>> optimum lumens per sq. cm and fluid path depth.Jim did all the power 
>>> calculations and flow rates to optimize the algae growth over a 24 
>>> hour period. He was calculating the time needed for algae species 
>>> growth doubling in density based on flow rates, channel depths, 
>>> light input and nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine 
>>> wondered what Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae 
>>> growth cycle there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when 
>>> the CO2 is broken down in the growth process oxygen is a 
>>> byproduct.If allowed to build up you inter into a condition of 
>>> losing your anaerobic state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono 
>>> Diffuser Patent that Jim just loved for it is very useful in 
>>> sparging out oxygen using nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to 
>>> tell you how the Sono Diffuser came into existence.
>>>
>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values caused 
>>> me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the outer 
>>> cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the fluid as 
>>> it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the microscopic vortices 
>>> in the billions! When viewed in regular light the water was almost 
>>> white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser light (coherent light) 
>>> the picture changed and when illuminated with a very high speed 
>>> strobe light I could “stop action” and see the fantastic number of 
>>> micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness the water would glow blue/ 
>>> UV because of the almost infinite overpressures in the vortex which 
>>> broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond momentarily with a re-combination 
>>> detonation which yielded the blue light photon and resulting 
>>> heat.Thus I found the secret behind the COP yield of cavitation 
>>> Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the Perkins Rotor, NASA was 
>>> documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them think that the definition 
>>> of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several Diffusers and found that I 
>>> could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 600% level and it was 
>>> persistent! Did not come out of solution!I did all kinds of research 
>>> with highly oxygenated water to include ground water remediation 
>>> (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, accelerating plant growth And 
>>> doing hydroponic growing and not have to drain down the root 
>>> structure so it would be exposed to air for oxygen absorption.The 
>>> water contained super high levels of oxygen.This phenomenon is well 
>>> known in very cold running water falls where fish will die from what 
>>> is known as “bleeding gill” disease because the high oxygen levels 
>>> in cold water will go over 125% and the oxygen partial pressure 
>>> ruptures the capillaries in the fish gill.After Investors and 
>>> numerous Corp. Reorganizations etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser 
>>> or Sono Diffuser.When I sold my Patent I asked if they would be 
>>> interested in the next better “mouse trap” but they declined to 
>>> buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super Sono Diffuser” which is so 
>>> radically different it will not infringe on the original Patent.I 
>>> call that “thinking outside of the box” LOL I still have the 
>>> technical drawings and Jim looked forward to incorporating it into 
>>> our System.I am an accomplished machinist along with all other 
>>> technical disciplines for I have spent a full life in the very 
>>> highest levels of technology.You are kind of exposed to such things 
>>> when you have a Military Research and Development background at the 
>>> DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced with: BRL (Ballistics Research 
>>> Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser 
>>> Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking Infrared Imaging) Labs“night 
>>> vision” was a fixed wing and helicopter Aviator and did Flight 
>>> Standardization for the Army Material Command.What fun I had and am 
>>> happy to be “retired”. When I retired to Dallas I have spent the 
>>> last 32 years working as an Electrical and Electronics Contractor 
>>> and had my Research farm down in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>
>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to 
>>> develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather 
>>> “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally 
>>> hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>
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