Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Norman Wootan Research Files.

Body

To design the Implosion Vortex Reactor, IVR, I had to understand the 
VORTEX and how heat and ionization really worked. Thus  What is Heat?    
You may ask about Barry, Counterbarry, Anti-Gravity along about here.

Since we are finally "boiling down" our fundamental understanding of 
thing in nature being directly related to "vortex", a little "101" is 
needed!
After carefully reading this document and going back to 'mark' the very 
interesting revelations, we can approach the Hilsch Implosion Vortex 
with a better understanding as to how the 'counter rotating' vortex 
actions produce a charge separation effect and yield a "cold" core 
output and a "Hot' exhaust outer envelope.     All is based on my 
document "What is Heat' written back in the 90s.   "Heat is positive 
ionization" and "cold is negative ionization".   Since electrons have 
mass (see Charged Cluster work by Kenneth Shoulders)  we see how  
negative ionized gases (extra electrons) are heavier than positive  
ionized gases ( stripped electrons) therefore in an implosion vortex the 
heavier cold gas will spiral to the center with the lighter gases 
spiraling to the outer envelope.  The interchange and charge separation 
occurs at the shear lines of the counter-rotating gas flows just the 
same as found in the vortex of a well formed tornado in nature.  The 
result in nature produces a lot of ice, hail and huge electrical 
discharges.    Just passing along some thought on how things really 
work!    Norm

ANATOMY OF A VORTEX
by
Rhetta Jacobson
A vortex is Nature’s primary form or shape of
energy movement. A vortex is a cyclic energy
movement. It is a manifestation of two opposing
forces, which were created simultaneously
and which exist constantly in our Universe.
All the electro-magnetic phenomena which
we observe are results of the interplay of this
motion body, whether we observe waves, particles
or galaxies. We see it manifest in all states
of matter, gases, liquids, solids and plasmas.
All the studies of Science, whether it be light
refraction and reflection, heat convection,
sound propagation, magnetism and electricity,
chemistry, biology, atomic structure or cosmologic
observations have confronted this motion
body.
When we attempt to understand, control,
copy and work with these phenomena we need
to know more thoroughly the mechanics of the
one expression they all have in common--the
vortex, the form of motion that brings their manifestation.
In this article I hope to give the anatomy of
a vortex, a diagram of the geometric structure,
a map of the movements and forces and list
some results a vortex has upon the matter within
it. First, I will consider the group of particles
rotating about a common center; but the latter
list of results will consider a single particle of the
medium rotating about its own axis and the central
axis of a vortex motion.
Scientists have observed different types of
vortexes and given them separate names.
There can be a concentric vortex, an assymetrical
vortex, a cylindrical vortex where the paths
are the same, closed and perpendicular in
every plane normal to the rotation axis. Then
there is a spatial vortex where the paths are not
perpendicular, nor closed. The spiral vortex is
again separated and typed according to the
shape it assumes and by a ratio of diameter to
length of axis. A planar like vortex or disk vortex
has a large diameter compared to its height.
A columnar vortex has a small diameter compared
to its height.
Hydrologists tend to mimic vortexes in fluids
by stirring liquids in a cylinder with a central rod,
giving the fluid “vorticity”, or angular velocity at
a given point in space. Here we should note
that all vortexes have vorticity, but all fluids with
vorticity are not a vortex. For instance, a parallel
flow has vorticity. By stirring thusly they create
a parabolic rotational movement and call it
a vortex.
They say every rotating body is a vortex.
Then they notice two basic types of velocities.
With the latter “solid body” such as a disk rotating
about an axis at its center, the velocity
increases linearly with the distance from the
center toward the periphery. In a fluid stirred in
a cylinder the velocity decreases in inverse proportion
to the distance from the stir rod. They
call a “potential” vortex one where the fluid may
have no vorticity except at the center. This is all
very confusing and unnecessary if vortex
motion can be observed correctly.
A vortex is not the matter, solid or liquid; the
vortex is a background energy movement
which controls, conditions and shapes the matter.
The matter does not create the vortex, the
matter is subject to it. In the solid disk rotating
about an axis, each atomic particle making it up
has a vortex motion body as a field acting upon
it. The observation that velocity increases with
distance from the center is but a rule of centrifugal
force which they are applying to a solid
body. They are imitating Nature’s braking of
velocity, and one-half of a cyclic process of
energy movement. They would do more good
considering what effect that centrifugal force
has upon each atomic vortex in the solid. This
is not creating a vortex, it is using one force
which is a part in a vortex flow. When Nature
sticks solids on a solid stem or rod core and
rotates it, it too is used as a brake. The the
example of a dandelion seed where this construction
and rotation slows its descent. In a
fluid stirred by a rod, the same centrifugal
action is observed; turbulence is caused by
action from the center outward.
The standard definition of a vortex is very
vague. One definition of a vortex will include a
few characteristics of this motion body and
another written definition will include other characteristics.
Generally, we find some common
included characteristics are: a whirling mass,
endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an
axis, forming a vacuum at the center, into which
anything caught in the motion is drawn.
Definitions are usually always accompanied
with comparisons to whirlpools and whirlwinds,
of which very little is known.
I will define a vortex thusly: A vortex is the
primordial pattern of motion. It is a changing,
resultant motion form of two opposing forces, a
cyclic process with a birth, youth, maturity,
aging and death segments of its time duration.
It is a cyclic process of motion which takes varying
shapes from a series of laminar rings, rotating
about a common center to a conical shape
and back to planar rings again as one force
gains preponderance, then the other force, and
takes the process from stillness to maximum
motion and then back to stillness.
Most observations of the vortex pattern are
incomplete are are illustrated as a whirling
cone. This represents one phase of an overall
appearance in a medium. It does not show the
motion interaction occurring inside the motion
body and does not entirely illustrate a vortex
body, just as a still, two dimensional illustration
of a wave drawn as a wavy line does not do justice
to the description of a wave.
FORMATION OF VORTEX MOTION
To picture the birth of a vortex motion body
of two opposing forces, picture from a point of
stillness a motion or movement radiating out in
all directions, simultaneously meeting resistance
as an opposing movement attempting to
restore the stillness. The expansive force travels
in a radiative spiral outward from a common
center. Its movement is called centrifugal. The
opposing, compressive force travels in a concentrating
spiral toward a common center. Its
movement is called centripetal. Both paths of
travel are always curved and spiral because of
the others’ resistance, continuously.
Resistance to movement from inertia causes
curvature; all motion is curved forever afterward.
Polarity is established as soon as there
is a motion, for to have motion from stillness
there is a division and with division there is
polarity.
Another mind picture: Picture the point being
acted upon by the two opposing forces in the
horizontal, planar dimension. Motion plus
resistance gives the sphere a rotation resulting
in ring waves set up periodically, rotating about
the center point. The ring waves extend to a
maximum distance until the resistance
becomes predominant and pushes them back
toward the center.
Each rotating ring meets resistance which
compresses its dissipation and attempts to
restore an evacuated space. These rings are
observed as “vortex rings” and vortex rings
exist even in irrotational fluids such as helium,
an “inert” gas which is defined as being unable
to move or act. However, this ring motion is the
beginning of vortex motion.
The opposing forces acting upon each other
set up shock waves traveling in both directions,
opposing each other, interacting, sliding along
side each other, causing undulations in the ring,
like local eddies, little whirlpools where both
forces wrap around each other in a spiralic
attempt to unite or cancel each other, so stillness
may be restored out of the motion. Local
eddies always occur where two movements
come against each other, for example, whenever
two streams come against each other, or
where a moving flow meets a stationary object
such as water on a rock.
If the outward thrust were not met with resistance
to begin a curvature back to a central
point, the motion would dissipate. Nature does
not work with only an outward centrifugal force,
as our technology does. Nature was wise
enough to create, simultaneously, the regeneration
possibility of the opposing centripetal pull
back to the source, the center, to insure that the
instability and tensions that were created could
be forever repeated so work could be performed.
The concentric rings rotating about the
sphere are acted upon by the local eddies generated
between each one in series. The first
ring, toward the center, has greater resistant
tension, a higher amplitude, a greater curvature
of deflection to throw back to the center, when
the outward movement meets the inertial resistance.
This causes more numbers of tiny local
boundary eddies; but, these tiny whirlpools
rotate around their axes slowly, with great effort
against inertia.
The second ring has less centrifugal force or
outward thrust meeting it and less potential to
raise a resistance. The wall of tension (and
amplitude) is less. This ring creates a lesser
number of local boundary eddies or disturbances;
however, they can be larger in diameter
and rotate faster because the ring is already
of a larger diameter and has less inward curvature
to aid the centripetal throw back.
If the outward thrust (centrifugal force) continues
to come from the center source (as from
a stationary rod in the Hydrologists cylinder)
eventually the surrounding rings close to the
central point are pushed further apart, weakening
the centripetal ability. Every force has a
binding field, even in an open system. Even a
non-factual, theorized, linear, one-directional
movement meets a boundary wall and curves
against its direction and begins to loop back
upon itself. In fact (actuality) curvature meets
curvature and causes a set of over lappings like
a set of standing lenses at periodic conjunctions
in the form of tiny, local eddies. The lenses,
according to their curvature, focal length,
etc., come into plan and influence whatever
passes through them. The undulations and
small eddies along the boundaries of the rotating
rings act as lenses. They take in a portion
of the centrifugal and centripetal forces, fluids
or medium, spin it around, mix it and then throw
off either toward the centrifugal direction or
toward the centripetal direction and aid a little
push for either force, like a mechanical bearing
which aids the rotation of larger rollers. The
multidinous tiny whirlpools on the inside of the
central ring (first ring) turn very slowly. They do
not throw off much on their periphery, but they
orbit around the inside of the ring swiftly. They
help the centripetal force hold the momentum
there, close to the center. The larger diameter,
faster rotating, local eddies inside the fourth
ring, for instance, have a power to transfer force
(as part of their vorticity) to the centrifugal force,
because they throw off more along their periphery.
When the inward compression (centripetal)
force is predominant the amplitude of each
shock wave increases and moves the whole
series of waves toward the center, compacting
the laminar strata toward the center. This compacting
results in a longitudinal force, perpendicular
to the plane, in two directions, simultaneously
again, up and down. This movement
meets a resistance also, and begins to curve
and spiral, both above and below the horizontal
axis.
COMPONENTS OF A VORTEX PROCESS
We now have a picture of a vortex formation
from planar spinning rings, projecting, in two
directions, above and below the horizontal axis,
to two conical spirals, with the two opposing
directions of motion interacting within, setting
up pressure waves, back shock waves, pressure
boundary walls and naturally establishing
a standing set of “lenses” and a beat frequency,
which represents the pulsation battle occurring
between push and pull. Thus created is a “spatial
spiral” vortex, which is the one Nature uses.
The key fact in this picture is the word “two”.
Every vortex is a pair. Every vortex borns its
own resistance and has its equal and opposite
potential motion body to unite, propagate and
return to stillness.
Very briefly, let us go through the aging
process of a vortex. For simpler viewing we will
consider one conical vortex. Actually the righthand
drawing (a pair) is occurring. After birth
and in infancy a vortex body is elongated and
slender, longer in its vertical axis than the horizontal;
then as the outward, resistance force
takes preponderance the vortex widens and
flattens, as in the drawings.
Each concentric spiral path is first squeezed
closer together and then is pushed further
apart.
Each concentric spiral is centered around a
vertical axis. As the centrifugal force ages the
vortex, this axis wobbles more and more,
becomes inclined, and inscribes a wider and
wider circle. Thus the cone appearance widens
and flattens to eventually merge with its horizontal
axis and eventually appears as a flat spiral
on a plane.
The birth of a vortex arises from this plane
in ring stages, projecting the center upward or
forward until the vortex is extended to a conical
shape again.
The contest between the two forces develops
pressure walls, boundary lines which separate
different pressures, different densities, and
potentials, and holds them in concentrated
form. Thus, all mediums appear in laminar layers.
At the edges of the boundary walls of the vortex
rings are created local eddies, whirlpools
which act as lenses affecting the passage from
one layer to the next in series as described.
Are you still thinking in three-dimensional
space? We always must! We have three axes
to consider for each vortex. The horizontal axis
is where rotation occurs around the center,
where the “flat” rings begin, it is the axis where
centrifugal force can express in preponderance
to its fullest victory to return motion to stillness
through dissipation, separation and explosion.
Upon this axis the centripetal and centrifugal
forces can occur in equilibrium and represent
one plane of stillness.
The second axis is the vertical one which is
the centering, longitudinal direction. This axis
is lengthened when the centripetal force
expresses itself in preponderance. It also can
be an equilibrium condition of stillness. Its’ center
in vortex action is a vacuum which leads
solid matter back to an energy transformation
through implosion.
In the cyclic process of vortex motion the
perfect 90 degree geometry of these two axes
only occurs for a brief time at maturity. Its’ time
duration is but a brief moment of fluctuation, like
a line of inertia which momentum crosses, like
a center line a pendulum crosses on its path
from one end of its swing to the other end.
Most matter vortex bodies are in transition
stages between the perfect axis alignment.
Like a spinning top, the vertical axis of
motion is defeated by the resistance of the horizontal
force, thus the wobble of the vertical
axis. If the two forces are in equilibrium there is
no motion and no work expressed in the
Universe. Motion bodies (vortexes) and matter
ARE because of the battle between the two
forces. Matter and work occur during the cyclic
process from stillness to maximum motion and
back to stillness. There must be imbalance,
two foci of an ovoid, two unequal points of tension
to cause work or motion.
Motion bodies and matter have different
characteristics and manifestations according to
which force, centripetal or centrifugal, (and thus
which axis) is predominant.
The spherical shape is the attempt of Nature.
It, like a perfect circle, is not found in Nature. All
matter attempts to approach the sphere, but is
crystallized along the way. However, all matter
is in transition, either forming or dissolving.
Vortexes and matter are very different as their
vertical axis is elongated and the vortex rings
operate as needle-like ellipsoidal paths of
motion in the centripetally preponderant plane
rather than when they are oblated in the plane
of the centrifugal force.
Another component readily observable in
vortexes is the “hole” in the center. This “hole”
can be anything from a mere depression which
does not extend the full depth of the vortex
movement, to a very fine line which centers the
motion. The diameter of the hole or vortex core
is hard to measure because it is constantly
wobbling about the vertical axis and expanding
and contracting. However, a black hole centers
every vortex movement.
Among the varied phenomena observed
connected to the hole are disorientation of
polarized instruments such as compasses, the
inability of electrical equipment to operate as
reported around the Bermuda Triangle vortex
and the Polar vortex and around hurricanes. A
tremendous overwhelming suction pull has
been experienced close to the vortex hole
which draws in boats, planes, animals and men
in the vicinity. Spouts, sprays, fountains of
water and even burning particles have been
observed shooting out of the center hole. The
hole produces a sub vacuum of infinite proportions
which causes water to “evaporate” at
room temperature and cavitating gas bubbles to
implode with thousands of atmospheres of subpressure.
A phenomena attributed to the center
eye of hurricanes is the dissolving and redepositing
of matter like a pole or stick found
inserted inside of a tree with no shear force to
deposit it there, just like it grew there.
Each of these phenomena I will take up in
future articles. Each has an explanation and
each can be copied for very useful purposes
when the Engineering of machines are based
upon the mechanics of the vortex. For now, a
basic understanding of those mechanics is vital.
MOVEMENTS AND FLOWS IN A VORTEX
Within a vortex we know the inward, toward
the center, movement is centripetal and the outward,
toward the periphery movement is centrifugal.
Each is spiral; they cannot travel in a
straight course because of resistance. We
know there are different density layers separated
by boundary walls with overlapping eddies
along the edges. We know there is rotation in
every layer and in every atom of a medium. We
know there is a balance to the rotation in revolution
for every layer and particle, just like our
planetary system.
In our planetary system the planets close to
the center of our sun’s vortex are preponderantly
centripetally influenced. They are colder,
their layers are packed more densely, their
shape is more elongated on the vertical axis,
they rotate slowly but move in orbit swiftly as
they revolve in their lane of potential in the center
of the vortex. Whereas, we can observe the
planets in the outer layers of the suns vortex
are preponderantly centrifugally influenced by
observing their flattened, oblated shape, their
fast rotation and slow orbit, and their thrown-off
debris radiating as rings in a centrifugal plane.
A vortex is a smaller replica of our planetary
system. Each particle or atom flowing in the
layers in a vortex can be related to the planets,
each particle finds its own lane of equal potential
according to its attributes of density, temperature,
volume, rotation and revolution, discharge
or valence, etc.
So, how do vortexes move, conduct and diffuse
physical quantities like mass of varying
densities, momentum and energy through
them? All transport of mass, heat, vorticity,
velocity etc. occurs across the boundary layers
and have interaction and exchange in the tiny
boundary layer eddies which occur along the
skin of each layer and act as lenses.
Depending upon the nature of predominance of
centripetal or centrifugal motion in each eddy
acting as a lens, the mass, the temperature of it
, the rotational vorticity is selected and deposited
into the next layer or thrown outward to the
adjacent layer equal to its potential. A selection
process goes on just as a selection process for
the proper potential in nutrients goes on at a
cellular membrane boundary wall where similar
eddies act as “pores” to allow the passage or
rejection of chemicals, atoms and molecules.
The small eddies which occur by shear
forces along the rotating rings or layers, grab
and mix the edges. According to their distance
from the center of a vortex their motion is more
centripetal on the inside layers and more centrifugal
on the outer layers. Each type of motion
influences the character of atoms, molecules
and particles by influencing such things as density,
volume, tempertaure and many other
dimensions of matter. If the action is centripetal
upon an atom the volume is decreased, temperature
lowered and the density increased by
packing the layers closer together. This prepares
the atom for injection into the inside adjacent
layer closer to the core of the vortex. If the
action on an atom is centrifugal the atom’s volume
is increased, its temperature is raised and
its density is rarified, thus preparing it to be
more suitable for the outside adjacent.
The laminar layers of a vortex have different
temperatures, densities, specific weights and
speeds. Let us look at the simple factors of
temperature and volume and show an example
of how these factors, when changed can influence
flow between the layers in a vortex of
water.
Water flowing in a natural underground channel
will cool itself to 4 degrees C at the central
layer of its spiral movement. We will call this
layer “one”. Of course this layer in the earth,
depending on the geological lay of the earth
may not be horizontal at all, but slanted in varying
degrees.
The water that has adapted to this layer (4
degrees by temp.) has now the specific density
of 1. Above and below (surrounding) layer 1 the
water is less dense, because it has a higher
temperature and an expanded volume.
This means the denser layer 1 is enclosed
by layers of different densities. These less
dense layers have an increased volume, exerting
pressure on layer 1 in the direction of the
longitudinal flow.
The layer in layer 1 now flows depending on
the underground terrain toward its lowest level,
while pressure from the upper water layer and
the water layer from below persists. No single
water layer exerts the same pressure onto layer
1 and the one which exerts more pressure onto
the layer 1 takes on its temperature and mixes
with vortexian action in the minute boundary
layer zone to become one with it. In this way
more water volume is produced in layer 1 which
then runs off. In this way it is possible that
water can exit as a spring close to the top of
high mountains. Springs at high altitudes, on
the earth’s surface always show temperatures
close to 4 degrees C and for that reason one
may assume that the movement of the spring
water originates from layer 1. Water at 4
degrees C has reached its maximum density
and can not be more compressed. It would,
under additional pressure rather give way to the
surface of the earth as a spring or its temperature
increases according to the pressure.
Enormous masses of water are pushed or
pressed upwards to the surface of the earth
from far below by the temperature differences
of the layers, which constantly disturb the equilibrium
to make water move.
Similarly, a vortex moves and conducts mass
from layer to layer and produces a longitudinal
flow.
It may be asked at this point why the outside
layers of water running in a straight pipe do not
perform the same function of shooting the
inside layers forward with momentum.
Remember, every particle of water is bound to
move with a certain speed, depending on its
specific weight, and its specific weight is either
decreased by warmer temperatures, or
increased by cooler temperatures. Straight forward
running water in a conventional pipe
increases its friction and decreases the specific
weight, and enlarges the volume of every water
atom, making it more difficult for an increased
volume or speed of water to flow. The profile of
the pipe does not allow for an inward curvature
of the next inside layer and the correspondingly
changing tiny eddies between layers; which
can alter the physical characteristics of the
atoms themselves and prepare them for the
next inside layer. Here is another instance
where engineering after Nature’s vortex proves
its advantage.
VORTEX CONTROL ON MATTER
All matter is packed energy. A vortex accumulates,
controls and disperses energy and
mass. Mass is an accumulation of energy into
higher potential and contracted motion. Matter
is literally twisted together just as strands of a
rope are twisted together to form strength and
solidity. The vortex is the unseen field action
which controls creation, appearance and decreation
and disappearance. In the field of
Quantum Mechanics matter is classified as
positive, negative or neutral and it is known that
neutrons can become protons and protons
become neutrons millions of times a second. It
is recognized that mass can be changed
between two opposites. A proton is positive at
one instant and is negative at the next instant
and at the next positive and so on. Two forces
and conditions are recognized and known to
fluctuate. But in a proton the positive force is
dominant and in a fluctuating electron the negative
force is dominant so they are defined by
their dominance. Similarly it is known that the
elements can be totally different in their characteristics
such as the example of carbon, which
can be hard and as a diamond at some conditions
and soft like graphite in other conditions.
What is not known is that the changing of those
conditions is directly controlled by the action of
the vortex. Change the vortex and you change
whatever is impressed upon the field of the
mass within.
When a vortex is centripetally preponderant
it literally squeezes the matter, increases its
density, reduces its volume, elongates its vertical
axis, steps up its orbit, increases its electrical
charge, reduces its temperature, changes
its alkalinity, increases its cohesion capacity,
increases its surface tension, simplifies its crystallization,
reduces its ionization, and several
other attributes of its character, which are all
results of the type of motion in its field.
If the vortex is more centrifugal in action, that
which is within it is influenced by separating,
expanding its volume, decreasing its density,
shortening its vertical axis and widening its horizontal
axis, its rotation and discharge of potential
is increased, its temperature is increased, it
becomes more acid, its cohesion is decreased,
its crystallization is complicated, etc. Just the
opposite.
When a vortex motion body is subjected to
an outside increase of centrifugal force like the
solid disk rotating on a shaft of the fluid in a
cylinder stirred from the fast rotation by a center
rod, each ring layer along with the local
eddies are subjected to an increase of centrifugal
force and will lose some of their centripetal
force. Thus the whole vortex body and all the
mass of the medium is affected toward the dissipation
and breaking apart which occurs along
the horizontal axis. This dissipation, expansion
and slow explosion is harmful to many elements
of Nature, for instance water and air.
The above dissolution and expansion can be
reversed by centripetal motion, along with all
the results upon the atom subjected to it. This
choice of creation or de-creation can be
demonstrated in the lab by a simple experiment.
On a slowly rotating fluid (stirred by a
central rod) a square is made with powder. The
shear forces of the layers rotating act in such a
way that the square is deformed to a parallelopiped
until it is completely pulled apart and no
longer recognizable. If the flow direction is
reversed, the original square is reformed exactly
as if a movie were reversed.
The control of matter, form and energy can
be accomplished controlling the vortex. A study
of Vortex Mechanics will lead to the understanding
of the vortex and how to engineer with
it. A very important aspect of the engineering is
the way in which a vortex is generated, for this
determines which force is predominant. We
know a straight pipe or channel will only generate
vortexes in the form of turbulence in order
to brake the speed of straight line, laminar
motion. The fluid will not create a vortex spiral
as a whole body and will only be subject to centrifugal
influence, friction, etc. We know that a
fluid stirred in a cylinder from a central rotating
rod will only have centrifugal influence. Even
though characteristics of greater vorticity or
velocity being at the center is copied here, the
shock waves and rings are radiating along the
horizontal plane and will not increase in velocity
but instead decrease, the vortex will never
create a center hole where vacuum suction can
occur. So the question becomes how can we
Engineer a proper channel with the proper profile
to imitate a natural vortex with a centripetal
force predominant?
*****

What is Heat #3

For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of

heating and cooling associated with the phase change of

liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of

electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this

interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted

from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My

line of thinking really took off back when I experimented

with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in

electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most

people do not understand how these devices move thermal

energy through a current flow across a semiconductor

junction.Historically we find that German physicist,

Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was

applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that

electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier

discovered that when a direct current was applied to two

Dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not

Until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of

Both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of

Water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then

Melted when the polarity of the direct current was

Reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100

Years because of the unavailability of semiconductor

Materials which could provide the wide temperature

Differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became

Available which revived the electric cooling principles.In

The 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling

Devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a

Junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced

Materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore

Thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical

Conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high

Coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first

Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years

ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a

small temperature differential across the device a weak

current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing

the differential provided a proportional increase in current

and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the

wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on

the Keely Net BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of

how electron flow could move thermal energy across the

junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving

thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly

reversible situation based on polarity.

Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in

refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase

change material such as water and refrigerants.We have

always been led to believe that evaporating water provided

cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same

mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the

condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would

you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change

provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840

Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on

escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one

of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.

Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with

the electrical output resulting from the steam friction

passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)

Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the

phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and

not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or

gain electrons in the process which accounts for the

discrepancy in the energy equation when a material

transitions between phases.More energy is present after

the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The

text book stated that this phenomenon could not be

explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by

Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a

Physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change

of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is

totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions

were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an

electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental

question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool

that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence

of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at

a very simple example of heating which may explain this

process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is

heated because electrons in the material are converted to

photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light

leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The

more electrons a material loses the hotter it becomes.Now

the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water

from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a

net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the

ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame

(ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons

which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic

structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.

Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current

across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy

(ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or

absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to

how the process works.All phase change processes work the

same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical

processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is

an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level

based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.

At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago

we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in

which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the

cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on

negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly

cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a

very efficient method of air-conditioning because an ion

generator operates at very high voltages with very little

current involved.It is possible to develop this ion

transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical

output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember

that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal

differential will cause a development of current and voltage

as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will

provide some food for thought out there on the Keely Net.

Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line

of experimentation.Norm

On 12/11/2018 9:21 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>
> 	
>
> ( 1of1)
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> United States Patent
>
> 	
>
> 6,386,751
>
> Wootan ,   et al.
>
> 	
>
> May 14, 2002
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Diffuser/emulsifier
>
> Abstract
>
> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 rotating 
> relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through 
> openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the rotor, the 
> openings cause cavitation of the host material in the channel 32 
> resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through the openings 
> and into the host material. The opening patterns in the rotor and 
> stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or a multiple 
> frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between 
> the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective 
> in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Inventors:
>
> 	
>
> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>
> Assignee:
>
> 	
>
> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>
> Appl. No.:
>
> 	
>
> 08/957,530
>
> Filed:
>
> 	
>
> October 24, 1997
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Current U.S. Class:
>
> 	
>
> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>
> Current International Class:
>
> 	
>
> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>
> Field of Search:
>
> 	
>
> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> References Cited _[Referenced By] 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50&d=PALL&Query=ref/6386751>_
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> U.S. Patent Documents
>
>
> 	
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> _1650561 
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>
> 	
> 	
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> November 1927
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> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3333771>_
>
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>
> August 1967
>
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> Graham
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> _3791349 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>_
>
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> February 1974
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> _4004553 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4004553>_
>
> 	
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> January 1977
>
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> Stenson
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> _4128342 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4128342>_
>
> 	
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> December 1978
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> Renk
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> _4136971 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4136971>_
>
> 	
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>
> January 1979
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> Varlamov et al.
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>
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> _4143639 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> March 1979
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Frenette
>
>
> 	
>
> _4361414 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4361414>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> November 1982
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Nemes et al.
>
>
> 	
>
> _4424797 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> January 1984
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Perkins
>
>
> 	
>
> _4778336 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4778336>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> October 1988
>
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>
> Husain
>
>
> 	
>
> _5188090 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5188090>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> February 1993
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Griggs
>
>
> 	
>
> _5263774 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5263774>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> November 1993
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Delcourt
>
>
> 	
>
> _5419306 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5419306>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> May 1995
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Huffman
>
>
> 	
>
> _5590961 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5590961>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> January 1997
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Rasmussen
>
>
> 	
>
> _5782556 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5782556>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> July 1998
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Chu
>
>
> 	
>
> _5810052 
> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F5810052>_
>
> 	
> 	
>
> September 1998
>
> 	
> 	
>
> Kozyuk
>
>
> 	
> 	
> 	
> 	
> 	
>
> Other References
>
>
> Faul, C. Sonochemistry-General Overview [online], Jan. 1997 [retrieved 
> on Sep. 26, 1997]. Retrieved from the Internet: 
> <http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html>.* .
> Sonochemistry, General Overview, Internet 
> site--http://www.und.ac.za/prg/sonochem/ultragen.html..
>
>
> /Primary Examiner:/ Drodge; Joseph W.
> /Assistant Examiner:/ Cecil; Terry K.
> /Attorney, Agent or Firm:/ Howison, Chauza, Thoma, Handley & Arnott, 
> L.L.P.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /Claims/
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> What is claimed is:
>
> 1. A diffuser comprising:
>
> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>
> a second member having a first side positioned relative to said 
> surface of said first member to form a channel therebetween through 
> which a first material provided from a first inlet into said channel 
> flows and into which a second material provided from a second inlet 
> through a second side of said second member is introduced, said 
> diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous flow path is 
> provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout operation 
> thereof; and
>
> means for moving said first material through said channel relative to 
> said surface disturbances to create cavitation in said first material 
> within said channel to diffuse said second material into said first 
> material.
>
> 2. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said second member also has a 
> surface incorporating surface disturbances.
>
> 3. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein one or more of said surface 
> disturbances comprise impressions.
>
> 4. The diffuser of claim 3 wherein said impressions comprise boreholes.
>
> 5. The diffuser of claim 4 wherein said impressions comprise grooves.
>
> 6. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said surface disturbances comprise 
> protrusions.
>
> 7. The diffuser of claim 6 wherein said protrusions comprise bumps.
>
> 8. The diffuser of claim 7 wherein said protrusions comprise ridges.
>
> 9. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein either or both of said first member 
> and said second member has one or more orifices formed therein to pass 
> said second material into said channel prior to mixing with said first 
> material.
>
> 10. The diffuser of claim 9 wherein orifices are formed in both said 
> first member and said second member for passing two different 
> materials to said channel prior to mixing with each other.
>
> 11. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for drawing 
> said first and second materials through said channel.
>
> 12. The diffuser of claim 1 and further comprising a pump for driving 
> said first and second materials through said channel.
>
> 13. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
> cylindrical shape.
>
> 14. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a disk shape.
>
> 15. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a conical 
> shape.
>
> 16. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a spherical 
> shape.
>
> 17. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein said first member has a 
> hemispherical shape.
>
> 18. The diffuser of claim 1 wherein movement of said first material 
> against said surface disturbances generates shock waves at one or more 
> discrete frequencies.
>
> 19. A method of diffusing a first material with a second material, 
> comprising the steps of:
>
> inputting said first material from a first inlet into a channel formed 
> between a first member and a first side of a second member, wherein a 
> substantially continuous flow path is provided from said first inlet 
> to said channel throughout said method of diffusing;
>
> inputting said second material through a second side of said second 
> member into said channel, wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members include surface disturbances facing said channel; and
>
> moving said first material relative to said surface disturbances to 
> cause said first and second materials to be compressed and 
> decompressed resulting in cavitation of said first material within 
> said channel to diffuse said second material into said first material.
>
> 20. The method of claim 19 wherein both of said first and second 
> members include surface disturbances facing said channel.
>
> 21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with impressions formed therein.
>
> 22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with boreholes formed therein.
>
> 23. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with said surface disturbances 
> positioned in an array to compress and decompress said first material 
> at a known frequency.
>
> 24. The method of claim 19 wherein at least one of said first and 
> second members includes a surface with surface disturbances positioned 
> in a plurality of arrays to compress and decompress said first 
> material at respective discrete frequencies.
>
> 25. A diffuser comprising:
>
> a first member having a surface incorporating surface disturbances;
>
> a second member having a first surface incorporating surface 
> disturbances positioned relative to said first member to form a 
> channel thorough which a first material flows between said respective 
> member surfaces, said second member further having orifices;
>
> a first inlet means to introduce said first material into said 
> channel, said diffuser configured such that a substantially continuous 
> flow path is provided from said first inlet to said channel throughout 
> operation thereof;
>
> a second inlet means to introduce a second material into a second 
> surface of said second member such that said second material is input 
> through said orifices into said channel to mix with said first 
> material; and
>
> a motor to move one of said first and second members relative to the 
> other to create cavitation in said first material while said first 
> material is within the channel to diffuse said second material into 
> said first material.
>
> 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said first material is a liquid and 
> said second material is a gas.
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> /Description/
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
> CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
>
> Not Applicable
>
> STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
>
> Not Applicable
>
> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>
> 1. Technical Field
>
> This invention relates in general to diffusers and, more particularly, 
> to a method and apparatus for diffusing or emulsifying a gas or liquid 
> into a material.
>
> 2. Description of the Related Art
>
> In many applications, it is necessary to diffuse or emulsify one 
> material--gas or liquid--within a second material. Emulsification is a 
> subset of the process of diffusion wherein small globules of one 
> liquid are suspended in a second liquid with which the first will not 
> mix, such as oil into vinegar. One important application of the 
> diffusion process is in wastewater treatment. Many municipalities 
> aerate their wastewater as part of the treatment process in order to 
> stimulate biological degradation of organic matter. The rate of 
> biological digestion of organic matter is very dependent upon the 
> amount of oxygen in the wastewater, since the oxygen is necessary to 
> sustain the life of the microorganisms which consume the organic 
> matter. Additionally, oxygen is able to remove some compounds, such as 
> iron, magnesium and carbon dioxide.
>
> There are several methods of oxygenating water. First, turbine 
> aeration systems release air near the rotating blades of an impeller 
> which mixes the air or oxygen with the water. Second, water can be 
> sprayed into the air to increase its oxygen content. Third, a system 
> produced by AQUATEX injects air or oxygen into the water and subjects 
> the water/gas to a large scale vortex. Tests on the AQUATEX device 
> have shown an improvement to 200% dissolved oxygen (approximately 20 
> ppm (parts per million)) under ideal conditions. Naturally occurring 
> levels of oxygen in water are approximately 10 ppm maximum, which is 
> considered to be a level of 100% dissolved oxygen. Thus, the AQUATEX 
> device doubles the oxygen content of the water. The increased 
> oxygenation levels last only minutes prior to reverting back to 100% 
> dissolved oxygen levels.
>
> Greater oxygenation levels, and longer persistence of the increased 
> oxygen levels, could provide significant benefits in treating 
> wastewater. Importantly, the efficiency of the organic digestion would 
> be increased and the amount of time need for biological remediation 
> would decrease, improving on the capacity of wastewater treatment 
> facilities.
>
> Accordingly, a need has arisen for a diffusing mechanism capable of 
> diffusing high levels of one or more materials into another material.
>
> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
>
> In the present invention, a diffuser comprises a first member having a 
> surface incorporating surface disturbances and a second member 
> positioned relative to the first diffusing member to form a channel 
> through which a first material and a second material may flow. The 
> first material is driven relative to the surface disturbances to 
> create cavitation in the first material in order to diffuse the second 
> material into the first material.
>
> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
> the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
> can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
> consistent diffusion.
>
> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
>
> For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the 
> advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following 
> descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in 
> which:
>
> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially cross sectional, partially block 
> diagram of a first embodiment of a diffuser;
>
> FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c illustrate the diffusion process internal to the 
> diffuser;
>
> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of the rotor and stator of the 
> diffuser;
>
> FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the stator;
>
> FIG. 5a illustrates a cross-section view of the rotor-stator assembly 
> in a second embodiment of the invention;
>
> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor in the second embodiment 
> of the invention;
>
> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut-away view of a third embodiment of the 
> invention;
>
> FIGS. 7a through 7h illustrate alternative embodiments for generating 
> the diffusion; and
>
> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another alternative embodiment of the 
> invention.
>
> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
>
> The present invention is best understood in relation to FIGS. 1-8 of 
> the drawings, like numerals being used for like elements of the 
> various drawings.
>
> FIGS. 1 and 1a illustrate a partially block diagram, partially 
> cross-sectional view first embodiment of a device 10 capable of 
> diffusing or emulsifying one or two gaseous or liquid materials 
> (hereinafter the "infusion materials") into another gaseous or liquid 
> material (hereinafter the "host material"). The host material may be a 
> normally solid material which is heated or otherwise processed to be 
> in a liquid or gaseous state during the diffusion/emulsification process.
>
> A rotor 12 comprises a hollow cylinder, generally closed at both ends. 
> Shaft 14 and inlet 16 are coupled to the ends of the rotor 12. A first 
> infusion material can pass through inlet 16 into the interior of rotor 
> 12. Shaft 14 is coupled to a motor 18, which rotates the rotor at a 
> desired speed. The rotor 12 has a plurality of openings 22 formed 
> therethrough, shown in greater detail in FIG. 1a. In the preferred 
> embodiment, the openings 22 each have a narrow orifice 24 and a larger 
> borehole 26. The sidewalls 28 of the boreholes 26 can assume various 
> shapes including straight (as shown in FIG. 4), angled (as shown in 
> FIG. 1) or curved.
>
> A stator 30 encompasses the rotor 12, leaving a channel 32 between the 
> rotor and the stator through which the host material may flow. The 
> stator 30 also has openings 22 formed about its circumference. A 
> housing 34 surrounds the stator 30 and inlet 36 passes a second 
> infusion material to an area 35 between the stator 30 and the housing 
> 34. The host material passes through inlet 37 into the channel 32. 
> Seals 38 are formed between the shafts 14 and 16 and the housing 34. 
> An outlet 40 passes the host material from the channel 32 to a pump 
> 42, where it exits via pump outlet 44. The pump may also be driven by 
> motor 18 or by an auxiliary source.
>
> In operation, the diffusion device receives the host material through 
> inlet 37. In the preferred embodiment, pump 42 draws the host material 
> on the pump's suction side in order to allow the host material to pass 
> through the channel at low pressures. The first and second infusion 
> materials are introduced to the host material through openings 22. The 
> infusion materials may be pressurized at their source to prevent the 
> host material from passing through openings 22.
>
> The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has separate inlets for 16 and 36 for 
> the diffusion materials. This arrangement allows two different 
> infusion materials to be introduced to the host material. 
> Alternatively, a single infusion material could be introduced into 
> both inlets.
>
> In tests, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has demonstrated high levels 
> of diffusion of the infusion material(s) into the host material. Tests 
> using oxygen as the infusion material and water as the host material 
> have resulted in levels of 400% dissolved oxygen in the water, with 
> the increased oxygen levels lasting for days.
>
> The reason for the high efficiency and persistence of the diffusion is 
> believed to be the result of micro-cavitation, which is described in 
> connection with FIGS. 2a-c. Whenever a material flows over a smooth 
> surface, a rather laminar flow is established with a thin boundary 
> layer that is stationary or moving very slowly because of the surface 
> tension between the moving fluid and the stationary surface. The 
> openings 22, however, disrupt the laminar flow and can cause 
> compression and decompression of the material. If the pressure during 
> the decompression cycle is low enough, voids (cavitation bubbles) will 
> form in the material. The cavitation bubbles generate a rotary flow 
> pattern 46, like a tornado, because the localized area of low pressure 
> draws the host material and the infusion material, as shown in FIG. 
> 2a. When the cavitation bubbles implode, extremely high pressures 
> result. As two aligned openings pass one another, a succusion (shock 
> wave) occurs, generating significant energy. The energy associated 
> with cavitation and succussion mixes the infusion material and the 
> host material to an extremely high degree, perhaps at the molecular 
> level.
>
> The tangential velocity of the rotor 12 and the number of openings 
> that pass each other per rotation dictate the frequency at which the 
> device operates. It has been found that operation in the ultrasonic 
> frequency can be beneficial in many applications. It is believed that 
> operating the device in the ultrasonic region of frequencies provides 
> the maximum succussion shock energy to shift the bonding angle of the 
> fluid molecule, which enables it to transport additional infusion 
> materials which it would not normally be able to retain. The frequency 
> at which the diffuser operates appears to affect the degree of 
> diffusion, leading to much longer persistence of the infusion material 
> in the host material.
>
> In some applications, a particular frequency or frequencies may be 
> desired to break down certain complex molecules, such as in the case 
> of water purification. In this application, multiple frequencies of 
> succussion can be used to break complex structures, such as VOCs 
> (volatile organic compounds), into smaller sub-structures. Ozone can 
> be used as one of the infusion materials to oxidize the sub-structures 
> at a high efficiency.
>
> Other sonochemistry applications can be performed with the device 10. 
> In general, sonochemistry uses ultrasound to assist chemical 
> reactions. Typically, the ultrasound is generated using a 
> piezoelectric or other electro-acoustical device. A problem associated 
> with electro-acoustical transducers is that the sound waves do not 
> provide uniform sound waves throughout the material; rather, the 
> desired cavitation is localized around the device itself. The present 
> invention allows the ultrasonic waves to be produced throughout a 
> material using a simple mechanical device.
>
> FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the rotor 12 
> and stator 30 where multiple frequencies may be obtained at a single 
> rotational velocity. In FIG. 3, three circular arrays of openings 50 
> (shown individually as arrays 50a, 50b, and 50c) of openings 22 are 
> disposed circumferentially about the rotor 12. Each ring has a 
> different number of openings evenly spaced about its circumference. In 
> similar fashion, the stator 30 would have three circular arrays of 
> openings 52 (shown individually as arrays 52a, 52b, and 52c). To 
> ensure that only one pair of openings between corresponding arrays 
> will be coincident at any one time, the number of openings 22 in a 
> given array 52 on the stator 30 can be one more (or less) than the 
> number of openings 22 in the corresponding array 50 of the rotor 12. 
> Thus, for example, if array 50a had twenty openings evenly spaced 
> around the circumference of rotor 12, array 52 could have 21 openings 
> spaced evenly around the circumference of stator 30.
>
> As the rotor 12 of FIG. 3 rotates relative to stator 30, each array 
> will create succussions at a different frequency. By properly choosing 
> different frequencies, a sum and difference interference pattern will 
> result, creating a wide spectrum of frequencies. This spectrum of 
> frequencies can be beneficial in many applications where unknown 
> impurities in a host liquid need to be broken down and oxidized.
>
> FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of an embodiment of a 
> stator 30. For smaller diameter stators, it may be difficult to form 
> the borehole 26 on the inside of stator 30. The embodiment of FIG. 4 
> uses an inner sleeve 54 and an outer sleeve 56. The boreholes 26 can 
> be drilled, from the outside, of the inner sleeve 54. For each 
> borehole 26 on the inner sleeve 54, a corresponding aligned orifice 24 
> is drilled on the outer sleeve 56. The inner sleeve 54 is then placed 
> in, and secured to, the outer sleeve 56 to form the stator 30. Other 
> methods, such as casting, could also be used to form the stator 30.
>
> FIGS. 5a-b and 6 illustrate alternative embodiments of the diffuser 
> 10. Where appropriate, reference numerals from FIG. 1 are repeated in 
> these figures.
>
> FIG. 5a illustrates an cross-sectional side view of an embodiment 
> where the rotor 12 and stator 30 are disk shaped. FIG. 5b illustrates 
> a top view of the disk shaped rotor 12. The stator 30 is formed above 
> and below the rotor 12. Both the stator 12 and rotor 30 have a 
> plurality of openings of the type described in connection with FIG. 1, 
> which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the motor. As 
> before, for each array 52, the stator 30 may have one opening more or 
> less than the corresponding array 50 in rotor 12 in order to prevent 
> simultaneous succussion at two openings within an array, The openings 
> 22 can be of the same shape as shown in FIG. 1. A hollow shaft serves 
> as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor for the first 
> infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the stator 30 and the 
> housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As the host material 
> flows in the channel 32 between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is 
> subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing 
> a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. 
> The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>
> FIG. 5b illustrates a top view of the rotor 12. As can be seen, a 
> plurality of openings forms concentric arrays of openings on the rotor 
> 12. Each array can, if desired, generate secussions at different 
> frequencies. In the preferred embodiment, openings 22 would be formed 
> on the top and bottom of the rotor 12. Corresponding openings would be 
> formed above and below these openings on the stator 30.
>
> FIG. 6 illustrates a cut away view of an embodiment of the invention 
> where the rotor 12 has a conical shape. Both the stator 12 and rotor 
> 30 have a plurality of openings of the type described in connection 
> with FIG. 1, which pass by each other as the rotor 12 is driven by the 
> motor. In addition to the openings around the circumference of the 
> rotor 12, there could also be openings at the bottom of the conical 
> shape, with corresponding openings in the portion of the stator 30 at 
> the bottom. As before, for each array, the stator 30 may have one 
> opening more or less than the rotor 12 in order to prevent 
> simultaneous succussion at two openings 22 on the same array. A hollow 
> shaft serves as the inlet 16 to the interior of the disk shaped rotor 
> for the first infusion material. Similarly, an area 35 between the 
> stator 30 and the housing 34 receives the second infusion material. As 
> the host material flows between the rotor 12 and the stator 30, it is 
> subjected to the vortex generation at the openings 22, thereby causing 
> a diffusion of the first and second materials with the host material. 
> The infused host material passes to outlets 40.
>
> In the embodiments of FIGS. 5a-b and 6, because the arrays of openings 
> 22 can be formed at increasing diameters, generation of multiple 
> frequencies may be facilitated. It should be noted that any number of 
> shapes could be used, including hemispherical and spherical shapes to 
> realize the rotor 12 and stator 30.
>
> The diffuser described herein can be used in a number of applications. 
> Optimal opening size (for both the orifice 24 and borehole 26), width 
> of channel 32, rotational speed and rotor/stator diameters may be 
> dependent upon the application of the device.
>
> As described above, the diffuser 10 may be used for water aeration. In 
> this embodiment air or oxygen is used as both the first and second 
> infusion materials. The air/oxygen is diffused into the wastewater (or 
> other water needing aeration) as described in connection with FIG. 1. 
> It has been found that the diffuser can increase the oxygenation to 
> approximately 400% dissolved oxygen, with greater concentrations 
> expected as parameters are optimized for this application. In tests 
> which circulated approximately twenty five gallons of municipal water 
> at ambient temperatures (initially having a reading of 84.4% dissolved 
> oxygen) through the device for five minutes to achieve 390% dissolved 
> oxygen content, the enhanced concentration of oxygen levels remained 
> above 300% dissolved oxygen for a period of four hours and above 200% 
> dissolved oxygen for over 19 hours. After three days, the dissolved 
> oxygen content remained above 134%. In these tests, frequencies of 169 
> kHz were used. The sizes of the openings were 0.030 inches for the 
> orifice 24 and 0.25 inches for the borehole (with the boreholes 26 on 
> the rotor having sloped sides). Cooler temperatures could 
> significantly increase the oxygenation levels and the persistence.
>
> Also for the treatment of wastewater, or for bio-remediation of other 
> toxic materials, oxygen could be used as one of the infusion materials 
> and ozone could be used as the other infusion material. In this case, 
> the ozone would be used to oxidize hazardous structures in the host 
> material, such as VOCs and dangerous microorganism. Further, as 
> described above, a set of frequencies (as determined by the arrays of 
> openings in the rotor 12 and stator 30) could be used to provide an 
> destructive interference pattern which would break down many of the 
> complex structures into smaller substructures. Alternatively, if the 
> treatment was directed towards oxidation of a single known hazardous 
> substance, it would be possible to use a single frequency which was 
> known to successfully break down the structure. Conversely, a set of 
> frequencies which result in a constructive interference pattern could 
> be used to combine two or more compounds into a more complex and 
> highly structured substance.
>
> For producing potable water, ozone could be used as the first and 
> second infusion material to break down and oxidize contaminants.
>
> While the operation of the diffuser 10 has been discussed in 
> connection with large applications, such as municipal wastewater 
> remediation, it could also be used in household applications, such as 
> drinking water purifiers, swimming pools and aquariums.
>
> The diffuser could also be used for other applications where diffusion 
> of a gas or liquid into another liquid changes the characteristics of 
> the host material. Examples of such applications would include the 
> homogenization of milk or the hydrogenation of oils. Other 
> applications could include higher efficiencies in mixing fuel and 
> gases/liquids resulting in higher fuel economy.
>
> FIGS. 7a-b illustrate alternative embodiments for the rotor 12 and 
> stator 30. In FIG. 7a, the "stator" 30 also rotates; in this case, the 
> frequency of the successions will be dependent upon the relative 
> rotational speed between the rotor 12 and stator 30. In FIG. 7b, one 
> of either the rotor 12 or stator 30 does not pass an infusion material 
> through the component (in FIG. 7b only the rotor passes an infusion 
> material); the component which does not pass an infusion material has 
> its openings 22 replaced by cavities 58 to produce the turbulence. The 
> cavities 58 could be shaped similarly to the boreholes 26 without the 
> accompanying orifices 24.
>
> In FIG. 7c, the orifice 24 through which the infusion material is 
> passed through the rotor 12 or stator 30 is positioned next to the 
> borehole 26, rather than in the borehole 26 as in previous 
> embodiments. It should be noted that the primary purpose of the 
> borehole 26 is to disrupt the laminar flow of the host material along 
> the surface of the rotor 12 and stator 30. The compression and 
> rarefaction (decompression) of the host material causes the 
> micro-cavitation, which provides the high degree of diffusion produced 
> by the device. During decompression, voids (cavitation bubbles) are 
> produced in the host material. The cavitation bubbles grow and 
> contract (or implode) subject to the stresses induced by the 
> frequencies of the succussions. Implosions of cavitation bubbles 
> produce the energy which contribute to the high degree of diffusion of 
> the infusion materials into the host material as it passes through the 
> channel 32. Thus, so long as the infusion materials and the host 
> material are mixed at the point where the cavitation and resultant 
> shock waves are occurring, the diffusion described above will result.
>
> FIG. 7d illustrates an embodiment where the initial mixing of the host 
> material and one or more infusion materials is performed outside of 
> channel 32. In this embodiment a Venturi diffuser 60 (or other device) 
> is used to perform the initial mixing of the infusion material(s) and 
> the host material. The mixture is input into the channel 32 between 
> the rotor 12 and stator 30, wherein undergoes the 
> compression/rarefaction cycles discussed above, which cause cavitation 
> in the mixture, and is subjected to the frequency of the shock waves.
>
> Further, the generation of the cavitation and shock waves could be 
> performed using structures which differ from the boreholes 26 shown in 
> the embodiments above. As stated above, the boreholes 26 are surface 
> disturbances which impede the laminar flow of the host material along 
> the sidewalls of the channel 32. In FIG. 7e, a protrusion, such as 
> bump 62 could be used as a surface disturbance in place of or in 
> conjunction with the boreholes 26. Shapes other than rounded shapes 
> could also be used. As shown in FIG. 7f, grooves (or ridges) 64 could 
> be formed in the rotor 12 and/or stator 30 to generate the cavitation 
> and shock waves.
>
> As stated above, not all applications require, or benefit from, the 
> generation of shock waves at a particular frequency. Therefore, the 
> rotor 12 or stator 30 could have the boreholes 26 (or other surface 
> disturbances) arranged such that a white noise was produced, rather 
> than a particular frequency. The structures used to create the 
> cavitation need not be uniform; a sufficiently rough surface be formed 
> on the rotor 12 or stator 30 will cause the cavitation. Additionally, 
> as shown in FIG. 7g, it may not be necessary for both the surface of 
> the rotor 12 and the surface of the stator 30 to create the 
> cavitation; however, in most cases, operation of the device 10 will be 
> more efficient if both surfaces are used.
>
> FIG. 7h illustrates a embodiment where the movement which causes the 
> cavitation is provided by the host material (optionally with entrained 
> infused material) rather than by relative motion of the rotor 12 and 
> stator 30. In the embodiment of FIG. 7h, the channel 32 is formed 
> between two walls 66 which are static relative to one another, one or 
> both of which have surface disturbances facing the channel 32. The 
> host material is driven through the channel at high speed using a pump 
> or other device for creating a high speed flow. One or more infusion 
> materials are input into the channel, either through orifices 24 or by 
> mixing the host material with the infusion materials external to the 
> channel. The high speed of the host material relative to the walls 66 
> causes the micro-cavitation and succussions described above.
>
> As an example, one or more of the walls 66 could be a fine mesh, 
> through which the infusion material(s) flows to mix with the host 
> material in the channel 32. The surface disturbances in the mesh would 
> cause micro-cavitations and succussions as the host material flows 
> over the mesh at high speed. The frequency of the succussions would 
> depend upon the resolution of the mesh and the speed of the host 
> material. Once again, the infusion materials would diffuse into the 
> host material at the molecular level at the micro-cavitation sites.
>
> FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate another embodiment, where a rotating member 
> 70 is disposed within a conduit 72 and rotated by motor 73. The host 
> material and infusion material(s) are mixed in the conduit 72 upstream 
> from the rotating member 70 using a Venturi diffuser 74 or other 
> device. The rotating member could be, for example, propeller or auger 
> shaped. On the surface of the rotating member 70 has one or more 
> surface disturbances 76, such that the rotation of the rotating member 
> 70 creates the microcavitation discussed above, thereby causing a high 
> degree of diffusion between the materials. The shape of the propeller 
> blades and pattern of the surface disturbances 76 thereon could create 
> the cavitation and succussion at a desired frequency for purposes 
> described above. Further, the shape of the rotating device could draw 
> the materials through the conduit.
>
> The present invention provides significant advantages over the prior 
> art. First, the micro-cavitations generated by the device allow 
> diffusion to occur at a molecular level, increasing the amount of 
> infusion material which will be held by the host material and the 
> persistence of the diffusion. Second, the micro-cavitations and shock 
> waves can be produced by a relatively simple mechanical device. Third, 
> the frequency or frequencies of the shock wave produced by the device 
> can be used in many applications, either to break down complex 
> structures or to aid in combining structures. Fourth, the cavitations 
> and shock waves can be produced uniformly throughout a material for 
> consistent diffusion.
>
> Although the Detailed Description of the invention has been directed 
> to certain exemplary embodiments, various modifications of these 
> embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be suggested to 
> those skilled in the art. The invention encompasses any modifications 
> or alternative embodiments that fall within the scope of the Claims.
>
> On 12/11/2018 9:15 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Hector, here is a shinning example of how folks will rip you off and 
>> take credit for your hard work.  Tony Wood (RIP, passed away in 2012) 
>> after telling Revalesio Corp that he was brains behind the 
>> Sonodiffusor Patent.
>>
>> “Sonodiffuser”
>>
>> By:Norman Langston Wootan
>>
>> 9/24/2012
>>
>> The purpose of this document is to present the Honest to “GOD” truth 
>> behind the research, conception, development and disposition of the 
>> “Sonodiffuser” aka, shown on the below Patent as 
>> “Diffuser/emulsifier”. I being a Master Mason 32^nd degree, a 
>> decorated 30 year military veteran and a Research Scientist that is 
>> widely known as a “no bullshit” sort of guy, do hereby give the 
>> following account of the above subject.Please note on the Patent 
>> shown below, the Inventor!
>>
>> <http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm><http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.htm><http://www.uspto.gov/patft/help/help.htm>
>>
>>
>>
>> <http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/ShowShoppingCart?backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751><http://ebiz1.uspto.gov/vision-service/ShoppingCart_P/AddToShoppingCart?docNumber=6386751&backUrl1=http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&backLabel1=Back%20to%20Document:%206386751>
>>
>>
>> <http://patimg2.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=06386751&homeurl=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&S1=6386751.PN.&OS=PN/6386751&RS=PN/6386751&PageNum=&Rtype=&SectionNum=&idkey=NONE&Input=View+first+page>
>>
>>
>> 	
>>
>> ( 1of1)
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> United States Patent
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 6,386,751
>>
>> Wootan ,   et al.
>>
>> 	
>>
>> May 14, 2002
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Diffuser/emulsifier
>>
>> Abstract
>>
>> A diffuser for incorporating one or more infusion materials into a 
>> host material. The diffuser includes a rotor 12 and stator 30 
>> rotating relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn 
>> through openings in the rotor and stator. During movement of the 
>> rotor, the openings cause cavitation of the host material in the 
>> channel 32 resulting in diffusion of the infusion materials through 
>> the openings and into the host material. The opening patterns in the 
>> rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or 
>> a multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect 
>> bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may 
>> also be effective in breakdown of complex molecular structures.
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Inventors:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Wootan; Norman L.(Dallas, TX), Wood; Anthony B. (Dallas, TX)
>>
>> Assignee:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> Diffusion Dynamics, Inc.(
>>
>> Appl. No.:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 08/957,530
>>
>> Filed:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> October 24, 1997
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Current U.S. Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/170.3; 366/171.1; 366/172.1; 366/181.7; 366/305
>>
>> Current International Class:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> B01F 7/00 (20060101); B01F 3/08 (20060101); B01F 3/04 (20060101)
>>
>> Field of Search:
>>
>> 	
>>
>> 366/169.1,168.1,170.3,171.1,172.1,176.1,181.4,181.7,305,348,174.1
>>
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Back in 1979, I was employed as Director of Research and Development 
>> for a large domestic energy company. My job was to find new and 
>> exciting energy technologies that could be developed and employed in 
>> the average home in order to improve efficiency and lower cost of 
>> maintaining the living environment at the desired comfort level. It 
>> was during this exhaustive search that I happened to find the 
>> domestic oil heating system Patented by Frenette, Patent #4143639 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4143639>. 
>> This device “tweaked” my interest for the heat output showed an 
>> “anomaly” as to Btu output vs. energy input! After studying this 
>> Patent, I began a search of all patents that used shearing or 
>> succusion to produce heating action.My first find was the Perkins 
>> Rotor, Patent #4424797 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F4424797>.Next 
>> came the Schaefer Patent#3791349 
>> <http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect2=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PALL&RefSrch=yes&Query=PN%2F3791349>, 
>> which used the water hammer effect of succession to achieve the 
>> ability to produce instant steam from a rotary device. Now I was on a 
>> “hot” trail of devices that did indeed produce an anomalous output.My 
>> next find was very interesting for it has shown that a former 
>> employer for Schaefer, James Griggs patented a competitive device as 
>> the hydro sonic pump, Patent #5188090. This device, with help from 
>> several Energy Publications eventually was tested by NASA Engineers 
>> and was definitely shown as an over unity device,ie. Outputting more 
>> energy in the form of Btu’s than the input energy in kWh electrical. 
>> A court fight ensued between Perkins and Griggs because of the 
>> similarities between the two devices and eventually Perkins won out 
>> at the Patent Office due to “prior art”.
>>
>> After moving to Dallas, in 1994, I built my version of the Perkins 
>> Rotor and was determined to discover how such a device could possibly 
>> violate the “Law of Conservation of Energy”.My prototype (still have 
>> it) is very unique in that the outer cylindrical section housing the 
>> rotor is made of clear silica glass so as to be able to see what type 
>> of action is taking place between the rotating rotor and the glass 
>> cylinder. With water flowing through the operating device, I bathed 
>> the frothy looking water (what you see in your blender when set on 
>> puree) with coherent light LASER, HeNe and at the same time used a 
>> high speed strobe tach to “stop action” the rotor which was turning 
>> at 3000 RPM. To my amazement I saw literally millions of micro 
>> tornadoes arranged in pairs with the open end of one attached to the 
>> rotor and the other open end connected to the fixed glass with the 
>> vortex cones joined at the center. Just as if you put two ice cream 
>> cones together at the tips.Ok! Now I knew that the anomalous effects 
>> are now caused by micro cavitation the same as seen on boat 
>> propellers in water. This cavitation is highly destructive to metals 
>> if allowed to persist.A micro cavitation is a vortex that “implodes” 
>> with pressures approaching infinity at the tip of the cone.This is 
>> proven by the fact that the pressure is so extreme that water is 
>> split into atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen and a combustion process 
>> occurs at a very tiny level so as to emit photons in the UV and blue 
>> light spectrum.The attendant heat produced at this micro level is the 
>> cause of rapid metal erosion and collectively causes the entire 
>> device to exhibit over unity operational characteristics as found by 
>> NASA investigation.
>>
>> I was doing some experimental work in a local water plant in which 
>> oxygen was being added to water so as to bring it up to 100% 
>> saturation which is beneficial to human consumption. Their method was 
>> to use an eductor type of diffuser in the water flow to infuse oxygen 
>> into the water.I experimented with my version of the Perkins Rotor 
>> and found that when I drilled the proper patterns of vortex 
>> generating holes in the rotor and stator housings that indeed higher 
>> level of oxygen was being infused into the water.
>>
>> At this time several employees of Texas Instruments, including 
>> Anthony Wood had been visiting the water plant for they used the 
>> oxygenated water daily.When Tony Wood saw the experiment he was 
>> immediately intrigued by the possibilities of this technology. Before 
>> Tony Woods saw my device running, he had no clue about 
>> “sonochemistry”. He was retiring (forced by staff reduction) and 
>> wanted to invest some of his retirement funds into something of 
>> promise.Thus he wanted to fund the machining cost of a whole new 
>> rotary device, larger but with same design features.I designed all 
>> the parts and gave the shop drawings to a machinist in the immediate 
>> neighborhood.About a week later everything was finished at a cost of 
>> $6,800 and I proceeded to assemble the new prototype.On our first 
>> runs of the new prototype we saw very high levels of infused oxygen 
>> which was very persistent for it remained combined in the water for 
>> days. We are talking about 200% oxygen levels.Immediately Tony Wood 
>> wanted to organize a new LLC Corp. and bring in several investors to 
>> provide the needed funds to develop this technology into a viable 
>> product.Ann Wilson joined our new company which became “Life 
>> Affirming Technologies”.An attorney was brought on board from Austin 
>> who drew up the legal documents while Tony and I were setting up a 
>> lab to do the necessary documentation and begin the technical 
>> description and drawings needed for Patent application. When I had 
>> completed all the drawings and did the complete technical explanation 
>> as to how the device actually worked with the various embodiments 
>> needed by the Patent attorney, the process was initiated.
>>
>> At a morning coffee, business meeting at Law and Coffee, a local 
>> establishment, we were over heard by a customer by the name of Bobby 
>> Burris as I told Tony Wood about the Robert Golka, Leadville Tesla 
>> Coil which was owned by Ken Hawkins down in San Antonia.Bobby Burris 
>> said he knew all about Tesla and his famous coils and was interested 
>> in buying the big Leadville Coil.Tony Wood and Ann Wilson brought 
>> Bobby Burris on board the new corp with an investment of $80,000.When 
>> the Corp. Structure was set up, Tony wood had a 25% share interest, 
>> Ann Wilson had a 26% share interest and Bobby Burris had a 25% share 
>> interest.I had no money so my intellectual property and developmental 
>> work comprised my 24% share interest.I still have the original Corp 
>> documents with shares in “Life Affirming Technologies”. All necessary 
>> shareholder meetings and other legal requirements were met on a 
>> monthly basis.
>>
>> I had been told by a “back door” source to watch Tony Wood when it 
>> came to Patent work for he had “weaseled” his way into numerous TI 
>> Patents by being on the “team “to develop new technology.When the 
>> Patent attorney delivered the final draft of the Patent application, 
>> Tony Wood had pulled the “sleight of hand” that I suspected. When 
>> more than one inventor is shown on a patent, alphabet order comes 
>> into play. Since Wood comes before Wootan alphabetically, he was 
>> shown as first inventor.“No way” was I going to allow that!Ann Wilson 
>> was witness to the fact that I buried the head of a ball peened 
>> hammer into a lab table top and told Tony Woods that would be his 
>> “head” if he did not immediately change the order of the inventors. 
>> All of this technology was mine from the very start and Tony Wood was 
>> the facilitator of the funding and the instigator of the Corp. Structure.
>>
>> During the numerous test and demonstrations we achieved oxygen levels 
>> as high as 600%.We set up a hydroponic experiment to show places like 
>> Epcott Center, Disney World that plants can be grown hydroponically 
>> without having to drain them down for root exposure to oxygen.Our 
>> plants being fed oxygenated water showed remarkable vitality and 
>> growth when compared to a control identical plant set.
>>
>> We oxygenated hot tub water (105 degree) with high levels of oxygen 
>> to be used by sport therapy.When you sat in the hot tub of diffused 
>> oxygenated water it felt like you were in alkseltser water for it 
>> “tingled “as the pores opened and the oxygen was absorbed into the skin.
>>
>> We built several units to be used at sewage lift stations so as to 
>> eliminate the odor of an aerobic to an anaerobic condition.We proved 
>> that high levels of oxygen could accelerate the digestion rate and 
>> colony growth in municipal waste treatment facilities.We experimented 
>> successfully with ground water remediation in contaminated wells.We 
>> also demonstrated the ability to break complex molecular structures 
>> (VOC) by the diffusion of ozone into water vs. oxygen.We demonstrated 
>> the sonodiffuser as a”sparger” by diffusing nitrogen into the water 
>> which stripped out all oxygen. This process is valuable in the growth 
>> of algae for oxygen is an algae killer. Algae grows in the presence 
>> of light, water and CO2. Which makes it an aerobic process.
>>
>> http://www.patentbuddy.com/Inventor/Wood-Anthony-B/7170971
>>
>> http://www.google.com/patents/US20110075507
>>
>> http://www.google.td/patents/US8349191
>>
>> After I sold my “Intellectual Property” right to Revalesio Corp, Tony 
>> Wood went “nuts” filling other patents based on my original ideas.
>>
>> Revalesio Corp, “left on the table” my latest version of a “Super 
>> Diffusor” which Jim Warren & I were going to Patent for use in our 
>> CO2 sequestration system as a “sparger for harmful oxygen by use of 
>> nitrogen.
>>
>> On 12/11/2018 8:59 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> Our need for super high temp ceramic for the IVR hydrogen reactor 
>>> led to the working relationship with Southern Illinois university. 
>>> (SIUC)
>>>
>>> */Composite Innovations Corporation (CIC), /*Woodland Hills, 
>>> California, and the *Center for Advanced Friction Studies (CAFS)* at 
>>> *Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC)*, are pleased to 
>>> announce the expansion of the scope of their current collaboration 
>>> to develop 3600^o F Leading Edge Materials for DARPA’s FALCON 
>>> Hypersonic Vehicle Program.Consistent with the goals and focus of 
>>> this unique interdisciplinary effort, *CIC/CAFS/SIUC *have entered 
>>> into a */Strategic Alliance Agreement/* to collaborate in the 
>>> development, application and commercialization, through licensing, 
>>> of application specific, architectural combinations of design, 
>>> construction, materials, fabrication, and process variables to meet 
>>> identified operational component needs using proprietary 
>>> CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid Composite Systems technology, know-how and 
>>> intellectual property.
>>>
>>> Initially, four product areas will be pursued; 1) Zero to Low 
>>> Erosion Materials for Propulsion Systems, 2) High Purity Composite 
>>> Components for Semiconductor Hot Zone Applications, 3) the 
>>> development of a Hybrid Composite Reactor for Hydrogen Production 
>>> and, 4) the Commercialization of a New, “Hybrid Metal-Ceramic-Carbon 
>>> (HMCC)” Composite Friction Material that has demonstrated break 
>>> through performance improvements.
>>>
>>> CAFS/SIUC has evaluated its new proprietary HMCC compared to 
>>> commercially available Carbon-Carbon (C-C) friction materials which 
>>> has been the high performance standard for aircraft, formula 1 and 
>>> other high energy friction applications for more than thirty (30) 
>>> years.HMCC performance improvements over C-C are summarized below.
>>>
>>> ·Wet Friction Coefficient -_>_ 50% Higher
>>>
>>> oReduction of Average Landing vs. Taxi Friction Coefficient by 
>>> approx. 30%.Differences Between Taxi and Landing Operations were 
>>> Practically Eliminated
>>>
>>> ·Wear – Average Landing vs. Taxi Wear Reduction of 30% - 35% for All 
>>> Energy Loading Conditions
>>>
>>> ·Oxidation – Microstructural Analyses Reveal negligible Measurable 
>>> Loss of the Carbon Fiber / Matrix Structural Core of the Hybrid HMCC 
>>> System
>>>
>>> Recognizing the importance of this new composite material system 
>>> CAFS/SIUC and CIC will facilitate the commercialization of HMCC 
>>> friction materials through the development partnering relationships 
>>> with recognized friction material manufacturers to facilitate; 
>>> introduction of Product(s) with technical and economic benefits.As 
>>> the commercial and industrial markets are large and varied, the need 
>>> exists to tailor each end-use considering specific application 
>>> operational, manufacturing, economic, etc. requirements.
>>>
>>> As such, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will work with individual Teaming Partners 
>>> _to optimize_ a three phase commercialization program as exemplified 
>>> by :
>>>
>>> 1.Phase 1 - Engineering Prototype(15” Dia), Material Property and 
>>> Dynamometer Testing Confirmation(6 – 9 Mo)
>>>
>>> 2.Phase 2 – Application Specific Product Optimization to Meet 
>>> Partner Identified Operational Production Needs (9– 12 Mo)
>>>
>>> 3.Phase 3 – Manufacturing Scale-Up and Production (12 - 18 
>>> Mo).Depending on individual partner product optimization 
>>> requirements, market goals and desired timing, Phase 3 timing can be 
>>> overlapped with Phase 2 or at any time thereafter.
>>>
>>> In addition, CIC/CAFS/SIUC will provide partner desired support for 
>>> each application specific component (Product) development
>>>
>>> ·Focused Computational System Analysis vs. ASTM Standards with 
>>> Sub-Scale System Component Validation and System Optimization to 
>>> Meet Application Specific Operational Needs.
>>>
>>> ·Fail-Safe, Automated Semiconductor (LPCVD) Type Process Control, 
>>> complete with Real-Time Off-Gas Mass Spectrometer Analysis with 
>>> Feed-Back Control to Assure Deposition Product Stoichiometry and 
>>> Microstructural Control.Typical Product Yield _>_ 95%.Operator 
>>> Interface to Provide On/Off, Load / Un-Load, Maintenance and 
>>> Cleaning Support Only!
>>>
>>> ·Reduced Fabrication, Process and Machining Time – Current 
>>> Production Lot Manufacturing Cycle Forecast _<_ Five (5) Days
>>>
>>> For additional information regarding the CIC/CAFS/SIUC Hybrid 
>>> Composite Systems Technology capabilities for the above described, 
>>> or other applications, please contact either: Jim Warren, President, 
>>> Composite Innovations Corporation; (818) 884-0144; e-mail: 
>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]> or Dr. Peter 
>>> Filip, Director CAFS; (618) 453-7932; e-mail: [email protected].
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 8:33 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>
>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files, documentation, 
>>>> e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it would be a crying shame 
>>>> for all of this valuable and informative data to be lost.  I have 
>>>> decided to post, incrementally a lot of information onto this group 
>>>> site for your research use if you choose.  In retrospect, I have 
>>>> realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas, Patents etc. 
>>>> from those of us that have given information freely as did Tesla 
>>>> and even Hector.  I have always tried to share knowledge for the 
>>>> benefit of all.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>
>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>
>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>
>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>
>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>>> Systems
>>>>
>>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block of 
>>>> technology for the VES program.
>>>>
>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer of 2001 
>>>> searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic material, his intense 
>>>> interest was “tweaked” in this technology!
>>>>
>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology for making 
>>>> hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a unique type of 
>>>> reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and assembled the first 
>>>> prototype 304 stainless “Implosion Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to 
>>>> arouse any interest in the technology here in the US.An Investor 
>>>> Group in Berlin GE invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a 
>>>> formal presentation of the technology at which time the Patent 
>>>> process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I went to 
>>>> Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells Fargo account and 
>>>> Incorporation for the funding to proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research 
>>>> lab was constructed on my 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the 
>>>> purpose of prototype development.I was in weekly contact with Jim 
>>>> due to his interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded 
>>>> ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her 
>>>> Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the $250,000 level. 
>>>> While I was machining out the two prototypes (one from 6061 
>>>> aluminum to develop the CAD specs and drawings, and the second 
>>>> working, “proof of concept reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim 
>>>> asked me to assist him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion 
>>>> Furnace at Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed 
>>>> densified ceramic reactor unit!I have provided you in previous 
>>>> documentation the background info on this Program at SICU. In which 
>>>> we had a working agreement with the University. In the spring of 
>>>> 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of stainless IVR attended by 6 
>>>> Engineers and Investor representatives from Europe it was learned 
>>>> that John MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has 
>>>> misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had moved to 
>>>> the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and yacht in Florida of 
>>>> which we had a satellite photo of home and boat in the 
>>>> slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action against MacAllen and took 
>>>> possession of both prototypes and Patent Rights.See: both Euro and 
>>>> U.S. Patents.In the spring of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the 
>>>> IVR technology using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my 
>>>> basic patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required 
>>>> densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum thermal 
>>>> environment. It was our intention to build out our version of the 
>>>> “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned Victorville, CA Lab 
>>>> Complex when the project was adequately funded. To that end, Jim 
>>>> was working his heart out!Since I designed the IVR and wrote the 
>>>> Patents, I left a lot of the “technology” undisclosed so as to have 
>>>> the latitude for the JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with 
>>>> our Patent Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the 
>>>> forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical book of 
>>>> the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with both US 
>>>> Government and Industrial Investors.I hand delivered a complete set 
>>>> of these documents to the George Bush Western Whitehouse at 
>>>> Crawford, TX for our President to review.The same docs were 
>>>> provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will 
>>>> give you a great deal of insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” 
>>>> Program!
>>>>
>>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my vastly 
>>>> improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>
>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES” Green Energy 
>>>> Systems
>>>>
>>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The Implosion 
>>>> Vortex Turbine.
>>>>
>>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid” Researcher in 
>>>> the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have everything that has ever been 
>>>> written by or about this “genius”.Of very special interest was his 
>>>> Boundary Layer Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing 
>>>> extensive research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly 
>>>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or 
>>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how it worked 
>>>> for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his patents and never 
>>>> divulged all of the technology!I went to the very “top” internet 
>>>> sites and publications regarding the subject turbine and found that 
>>>> no one had a “clue’ as to how it really was intended to work at the 
>>>> “super high thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP 
>>>> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was astounded 
>>>> with the results. This turbine was abandoned early due to the lack 
>>>> of the proper metallurgy needed in the runners (disk) which had the 
>>>> needed stress modulus.Due to my background and Degree in the 
>>>> Aeronautical Discipline I fully understood just how the Boundary 
>>>> Layer Effect was utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal 
>>>> thermal efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR 
>>>> unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate the 
>>>> technology.I filed with the US Patent office the Patent Disclosure 
>>>> of a new very unique new hub design that eliminated all the 
>>>> labyrinth seal design of Tesla and booster the operational 
>>>> efficiency and simplified the construction of said turbine.At the 
>>>> International Tesla Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated 
>>>> this Tesla Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum 
>>>> and it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>
>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next question was 
>>>> “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal output of the IVR 
>>>> for power generation”?My answer, Tesla Boundary Layer Turbine, to 
>>>> which Jim said, “Please educate me for I have not heard of this 
>>>> before”.I sent to Jim all the documentation and drawings along with 
>>>> stress analytical formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the 
>>>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds, Jim 
>>>> quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners (disk) that 
>>>> he would produce in carbon/carbon composite that would successfully 
>>>> operate in the required environment and would be impervious to 
>>>> erosion and could be surface finished at the micron level.I laid 
>>>> out in “Flow block” diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer 
>>>> Turbine utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the 
>>>> operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure, low 
>>>> temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the “off the charts” 
>>>> thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) 
>>>> Industrial Heat pumping technology will be incorporated into the 
>>>> System. We are able to achieve a very conservative COP of 20:1 
>>>> Energy in vs. thermal output.This is totally achievable in the 
>>>> modern Heat pump Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be 
>>>> address in next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the 
>>>> current steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and 
>>>> very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or 
>>>> conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive the 
>>>> generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle” or method of 
>>>> calculating system thermal efficiency. Our System operates at 
>>>> relatively low pressures and temperatures vastly simplifying 
>>>> design, fabrication and operation and practically eliminates most 
>>>> maintenance requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation 
>>>> of this System in our files!This is a unique System approach to be 
>>>> prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville Facility.
>>>>
>>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that has 
>>>> such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>
>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>
>>>> This segment will address (MVR) Mechanical Vapor Recompression 
>>>> utilized in Advanced Industrial Heat Pumping Technology.Back in 
>>>> 1980 I was employed as Director of Research & Development for a 
>>>> very large Corp. at Ashville.NC with prime interest in domestic 
>>>> heat utilization and heat re-claim technology.I explored all facets 
>>>> of heating and cooling technology including the various thermal 
>>>> storage systems like the Zeolite Modular System which BTW has the 
>>>> absolute highest storage density of all known Systems. Home heating 
>>>> systems such as Frenetti System that used cavitation in oil to 
>>>> produce COPs greater than1:1.This phenomenon was later verified by 
>>>> NASA and Perkins (Roswell, GA) was recognized by the US Parent 
>>>> Office as Inventor of such an over unity device.It was previously 
>>>> thought that a COP of greater than 1:1 was impossible!NASA was 
>>>> right for I built a device based on the Perkins Rotor and found the 
>>>> secret behind the high COP which is micro cavitation which 
>>>> disassociates the water molecule at the microscopic level in the 
>>>> billions of shear vortices after which there is a re-combination 
>>>> (micro implosion) which emits heat and a near UV blue wave length 
>>>> light photon emission.Attached is my Patent of this technology 
>>>> known as the “Sono Diffuser”.Jim was excited to learn of this 
>>>> device or technology for we need it later in the Photo Bioreactor 
>>>> system to act as a sparger of oxygen from the growth media for 
>>>> algae production. Oxygen is a “killer’ of algae since we have to 
>>>> maintain septic or anaerobic condition.
>>>>
>>>> When high efficiency scroll compressors came on the scene I jumped 
>>>> into the design of MVR heat re-claim Systems that I started 
>>>> prototyping on my farm for a “stand alone” home power system that 
>>>> also produced “pure water’ all from the “ambient”.The total System 
>>>> utilized the Vortex turbine (prime mover) for power generation and 
>>>> used the heat pumped refrigerant as the operating media. (Same 
>>>> block flow diagram that I gave Jim for our “VES” System). Heat 
>>>> scavenging was from my advanced solar panels (to be Patented) no 
>>>> one has anything like this for its principles of operation are 
>>>> unknown by others.Gray water and “heat of condensation” during the 
>>>> production of water from the air rounded out the heat sought in the 
>>>> process. All of these things work like a “charm” but are not 
>>>> currently being utilized.What a shame.When Jim told me that the 
>>>> state of CA had passed legislation that would end the vast cooling 
>>>> tower thermal and vapor emissions, I proposed that we apply the 
>>>> advanced heat pumping capability of our System to produce pure 
>>>> water for recycle back into the power plants plus scavenge the heat 
>>>> of condensation and sensible heat to go back into the process and 
>>>> drive our Implosion Vortex turbine (advanced Tesla turbine) as a 
>>>> prime mover driving an alternator to augment the power production 
>>>> of the central plant or provide power for auxiliary plant loads. 
>>>> The overall efficiency of the power plant system would be increased 
>>>> by an additional 50 % by capturing the energy being “blown off” to 
>>>> the atmosphere in outdated cooling towers.There is also an 
>>>> environmental concern due to hot water discharge into streams 
>>>> etc.All of this we can fix!You will find all of this information in 
>>>> Jim’s files for as he incorporated it into the “VES” System he 
>>>> would e-mail all the docs for my review and comment or additions. 
>>>> Jim and I were “totally” on the same page of music!Diffuser patent 
>>>> attached!
>>>>
>>>> Next: we address the Photo Bioreactor Modular System
>>>>
>>>> This segment #4 will pertain to the Photo Bioreactor Modular System 
>>>> incorporated into the “VES”for carbon remediation.
>>>>
>>>> Back in early 2005, Both Jim and I started addressing the 
>>>> remediation of the CO2 output from the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” 
>>>> whose sole output product is CO2 and H2 gas.There were several 
>>>> options regarding the CO2 output including deep underground storage 
>>>> in high pressure wells.Just what the Andreas Fault line needs in 
>>>> CA.Jim contacted several University Researchers and obtained lots 
>>>> of information regarding their solar fences and systems.I told Jim 
>>>> about my idea of using LED light panels, powered by low voltage DC 
>>>> which do not heat the growth media and can be run 24 hours a day 
>>>> vs. the solar fence units that are limited to sun light 
>>>> availability. Now we get into an interesting area regarding bio 
>>>> growth.Mid 90’s I became a “fan” of Philip S. Callahan, Ph.D. who 
>>>> wrote several fantastic books about this very subject.Careful study 
>>>> revealed several factors that University Researchers do not know or 
>>>> understand.Ever wonder why most plant foliage appears green to the 
>>>> human eye? You say it is the chlorophyll, the chemical media for 
>>>> photosynthesis where sun light energy combines the H2O and Carbon 
>>>> to make the hydrocarbon molecules for cell growth!Now consider, 
>>>> after careful study you will find that the “green wavelength” in 
>>>> the solar spectrum (500nm) that is most absorbed and used in the 
>>>> photo process.Now if the leaves are absorbing the “green” 
>>>> wavelength, why do the leaves appear green to our eyes?Most algae 
>>>> species are green, in fresh water, salt water algae is red, “red 
>>>> bloom” or “red tide” as you have seen when the water is depleted of 
>>>> oxygen and anaerobic condition occurs.Now with this in mind I told 
>>>> Jim that we would gather empirical data regarding the optimum light 
>>>> wavelength needed for a particular algae species. To maximize 
>>>> growth rate and reduce power input in the light panels.Optimize 
>>>> everything!With the algae species selected based on our desired 
>>>> output (lipid % vs. protein).The higher lipid output, the more 
>>>> biodiesel you get per ton of CO2 remediated!Now we can order the 
>>>> LEDs from China sources customized to go in our Lucite panel 
>>>> arrays.Jim designed these modules around the Sea land Container 
>>>> like Module and has a clever and practical layout of the 
>>>> footprint.I built several of these laminated clear Lucite panels 
>>>> and did several LED patterns that would bathe the passing fluid 
>>>> media containing the algae with the optimum lumens per sq. cm and 
>>>> fluid path depth.Jim did all the power calculations and flow rates 
>>>> to optimize the algae growth over a 24 hour period. He was 
>>>> calculating the time needed for algae species growth doubling in 
>>>> density based on flow rates, channel depths, light input and 
>>>> nutrient feed (CO2 and other minerals).Now if Elaine wondered what 
>>>> Jim did, I would say he was a busy fellow!In the algae growth cycle 
>>>> there is an accumulation of “poisonous oxygen” for when the CO2 is 
>>>> broken down in the growth process oxygen is a byproduct.If allowed 
>>>> to build up you inter into a condition of losing your anaerobic 
>>>> state and growth stops.Now enter my Sono Diffuser Patent that Jim 
>>>> just loved for it is very useful in sparging out oxygen using 
>>>> nitrogen.Now I have to digress again to tell you how the Sono 
>>>> Diffuser came into existence.
>>>>
>>>> In 1980, as stated before, I was looking at unusual heating 
>>>> technology and stumbled over several cavitation based Systems.My 
>>>> curiosity as to how these units achieved such high COP values 
>>>> caused me to build (1994) a Perkins Rotor of special design for the 
>>>> outer cylindrical section was clear glass so I could observe the 
>>>> fluid as it flowed over the spinning rotor and found the 
>>>> microscopic vortices in the billions! When viewed in regular light 
>>>> the water was almost white like froth.When bathed in HeNe laser 
>>>> light (coherent light) the picture changed and when illuminated 
>>>> with a very high speed strobe light I could “stop action” and see 
>>>> the fantastic number of micro tornadoes in the water. In darkness 
>>>> the water would glow blue/ UV because of the almost infinite 
>>>> overpressures in the vortex which broke the hydrogen/oxygen bond 
>>>> momentarily with a re-combination detonation which yielded the blue 
>>>> light photon and resulting heat.Thus I found the secret behind the 
>>>> COP yield of cavitation Systems which is greater than 1:1.On the 
>>>> Perkins Rotor, NASA was documenting a COP of 1.3:1 which made them 
>>>> think that the definition of a “calorie “was wrong!I built several 
>>>> Diffusers and found that I could “imprint” oxygen into water at the 
>>>> 600% level and it was persistent! Did not come out of solution!I 
>>>> did all kinds of research with highly oxygenated water to include 
>>>> ground water remediation (contaminated wells), destroying VOX, 
>>>> accelerating plant growth And doing hydroponic growing and not have 
>>>> to drain down the root structure so it would be exposed to air for 
>>>> oxygen absorption.The water contained super high levels of 
>>>> oxygen.This phenomenon is well known in very cold running water 
>>>> falls where fish will die from what is known as “bleeding gill” 
>>>> disease because the high oxygen levels in cold water will go over 
>>>> 125% and the oxygen partial pressure ruptures the capillaries in 
>>>> the fish gill.After Investors and numerous Corp. Reorganizations 
>>>> etc. I sold my rights to the Diffuser or Sono Diffuser.When I sold 
>>>> my Patent I asked if they would be interested in the next better 
>>>> “mouse trap” but they declined to buy!Now Jim and I had the “Super 
>>>> Sono Diffuser” which is so radically different it will not infringe 
>>>> on the original Patent.I call that “thinking outside of the box” 
>>>> LOL I still have the technical drawings and Jim looked forward to 
>>>> incorporating it into our System.I am an accomplished machinist 
>>>> along with all other technical disciplines for I have spent a full 
>>>> life in the very highest levels of technology.You are kind of 
>>>> exposed to such things when you have a Military Research and 
>>>> Development background at the DOD, Level.Day to day I interfaced 
>>>> with: BRL (Ballistics Research Labs), LWL (Land Warfare Labs), 
>>>> Chemical Coatings Labs, Laser Research labs, FLIR, (Forward Looking 
>>>> Infrared Imaging) Labs“night vision” was a fixed wing and 
>>>> helicopter Aviator and did Flight Standardization for the Army 
>>>> Material Command.What fun I had and am happy to be “retired”. When 
>>>> I retired to Dallas I have spent the last 32 years working as an 
>>>> Electrical and Electronics Contractor and had my Research farm down 
>>>> in Hubbard, TX“Battle Creek Farms”.
>>>>
>>>> You asked about technologies that Jim and I discussed and he 
>>>> deferred till we had the “VES” technology off the ground so to 
>>>> speak!There are several things that Jim was aware of that I want to 
>>>> develop in the future or put to Patent before I get too old.Rather 
>>>> “interesting”!   James Warren passed 2012!  (RIP)      Literally 
>>>> hundreds of very interesting files to be posted.    Norm
>>>>
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