Neutral spike

Norm,

Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?

Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation transformer.

Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.

Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an earth
bonding in another spot?

My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.

I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be predicated
on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the neutral
is isolated electrically.

Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does create
an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
an extra resonant winding.

By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.

Mick

Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation, best 
to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The super high 
quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC components that effect 
sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will give you 
an idea as to construction and purpose::

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer

A little tutorial as to how they work!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be

https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers

The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of electrically 
isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor was opened since 
there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic and capacitive coup[ling 
only   The dielectric insulation was not compromised therefore no 
electrical connection.  The Chinese motor experiment was isolated, 
(electrically) when the reversing action was in transient. (Floating 
neutral) since there is a line neutral in the 120VAC input.


On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>
> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation transformer.
>
> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>
> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an earth
> bonding in another spot?
>
> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>
> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be predicated
> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the neutral
> is isolated electrically.
>
> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does create
> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
> an extra resonant winding.
>
> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>
> Mick
>
>

Norm,

Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process demands
repeating with a totally isolated battery source configured the same
way.   Funny how I was concentrating on isolating and connecting
saturated inductive charge without the first magnetic variable taken
into account.

I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source and
even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always protect
his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope probe sitting
on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when performing the
experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply has an isolation
transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there is more inter-winding
capacitive coupling and mutual inductance than with the proper EI
transformer though there is at least the electrostatic shield and
galvanic isolation.

Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm very
familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for galvanic isolation
and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.


On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation, best
> to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The super high
> quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC components that
> effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will
> give you an idea as to construction and purpose::
>
> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>
> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>
> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>
> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of
> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor was
> opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic and
> capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not
> compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese motor
> experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing action was
> in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral in the
> 120VAC input.
>
>
> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Norm,
>>
>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>
>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation transformer.
>>
>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>
>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an earth
>> bonding in another spot?
>>
>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>
>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be predicated
>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the neutral
>> is isolated electrically.
>>
>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does create
>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
>> an extra resonant winding.
>>
>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>
>> Mick
>>
>
>

Norm,

Thanks for that.

I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile with
all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation transformers wired
like that and it's so insane but I am used to testing all the grounding
points.  When building a recording studio we have to float all the
grounds so they are single point at the service panel and not looped
anywhere else.  Often they are lifted at the outlet j-box due to the
lack of control in a prewired building.  Ironically we also used to use
autoformers for all of the light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often
referred to the variacs as light dimmers.

I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer even
if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat rare
magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked off all my
ground faults in the house through one.


On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation
> transformers on the test bench!
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Norm,
>>
>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process demands
>> repeating with a totally isolated battery source configured the same
>> way.   Funny how I was concentrating on isolating and connecting
>> saturated inductive charge without the first magnetic variable taken
>> into account.
>>
>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source
>> and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always
>> protect his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope
>> probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when
>> performing the experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply
>> has an isolation transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there is
>> more inter-winding capacitive coupling and mutual inductance than
>> with the proper EI transformer though there is at least the
>> electrostatic shield and galvanic isolation.
>>
>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm very
>> familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for galvanic
>> isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>  
>>>
>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation,
>>> best to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The super
>>> high quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC components
>>> that effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This
>>> will give you an idea as to construction and purpose::
>>>
>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>
>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>
>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>
>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>
>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>
>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of
>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor was
>>> opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic and
>>> capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not
>>> compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese motor
>>> experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing action
>>> was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral
>>> in the 120VAC input.
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>> Norm,
>>>>
>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>
>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation
>>>> transformer.
>>>>
>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>
>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an
>>>> earth
>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>
>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>
>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be
>>>> predicated
>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the neutral
>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>
>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does create
>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>
>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>
>>>> Mick
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation 
transformers on the test bench!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ


On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process demands 
> repeating with a totally isolated battery source configured the same 
> way.   Funny how I was concentrating on isolating and connecting 
> saturated inductive charge without the first magnetic variable taken 
> into account.
>
> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source and 
> even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always protect 
> his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope probe 
> sitting on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when performing 
> the experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply has an 
> isolation transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there is more 
> inter-winding capacitive coupling and mutual inductance than with the 
> proper EI transformer though there is at least the electrostatic 
> shield and galvanic isolation.
>
> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm very 
> familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for galvanic 
> isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation, 
>> best to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The super 
>> high quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC components that 
>> effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will 
>> give you an idea as to construction and purpose::
>>
>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>
>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>
>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>
>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>
>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>
>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of 
>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor was 
>> opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic and 
>> capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not 
>> compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese motor 
>> experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing action was 
>> in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral in the 
>> 120VAC input.
>>
>>
>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Norm,
>>>
>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>
>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation 
>>> transformer.
>>>
>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>
>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an earth
>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>
>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>
>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be predicated
>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the neutral
>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>
>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart. Either way it does create
>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>
>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>
>>> Mick
>>>
>>
>
>

Norm,

The interconnects used for home audio should be illegal for bad sound,
but even a properly designed mic cable with an XLR on each end with a
hot a cold and a shield one will notice only on female side the shield
connects to the chassis of the connector.  It is a single shield run on
#1 to both sides though as the connections are designed balanced for
just the reason you mentioned.

XLR's are the best connector for long run connections but I make my own
cable with silver plated aircraft cable with teflon insulation, a pain
to work with but sound is great.

For short single ended runs the RCA end sucks and it should have been
BNC or the extra small microwave connectors that look like mini BNC's 
If one removes the RCA connectors and replaces with BNC and high quality
aircraft cable and the rest of the gear is good enough one will notice
the difference.  Networking cable Cat 5 or 6 can also sound great as
speaker cable.

The story gets worse though as the old tube guitar amp had a switch that
would toggle chassis ground between either connector on the power
connection for the purpose of preventing ground loops when some live
show venue had the outlets wired with hot and neutral reversed.  Well
when that guitarist also happens to be a vocalist and touched a mic
stand with the ground switched wrong it was not pretty if the shield was
run to both chassis of the connectors.  This was an old soundman trick
to get back at the rude ego asshole guitar players using the special
fully grounded mic cable.  I am sure some people died from this prank
where 220 was used.


On 11/3/2018 4:46 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in the
> recording studio!  Ha! Ha!  Way back when I was learning about fine
> audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two sound
> systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the systems and
> selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest motor boat you
> ever heard!  Lol  Yep! I had grounded both ends of a shielded cable
> and got a good example of a ground loop!
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Norm,
>>
>> Thanks for that.
>>
>> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile
>> with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation
>> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to
>> testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording studio
>> we have to float all the grounds so they are single point at the
>> service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are lifted at
>> the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a prewired building. 
>> Ironically we also used to use autoformers for all of the light
>> dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to the variacs as
>> light dimmers.
>>
>> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer
>> even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat
>> rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked off
>> all my ground faults in the house through one.
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>  
>>>
>>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation
>>> transformers on the test bench!
>>>
>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>>
>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>> Norm,
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process
>>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source configured
>>>> the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on isolating and
>>>> connecting saturated inductive charge without the first magnetic
>>>> variable taken into account.
>>>>
>>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source
>>>> and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always
>>>> protect his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope
>>>> probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when
>>>> performing the experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply
>>>> has an isolation transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there
>>>> is more inter-winding capacitive coupling and mutual inductance
>>>> than with the proper EI transformer though there is at least the
>>>> electrostatic shield and galvanic isolation.
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm
>>>> very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for galvanic
>>>> isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation,
>>>>> best to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The
>>>>> super high quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC
>>>>> components that effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG
>>>>> instruments. This will give you an idea as to construction and
>>>>> purpose::
>>>>>
>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>>
>>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>
>>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>>
>>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of
>>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor
>>>>> was opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic
>>>>> and capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not
>>>>> compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese motor
>>>>> experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing action
>>>>> was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral
>>>>> in the 120VAC input.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>  
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
>>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from
>>>>>> source in
>>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation
>>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
>>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even
>>>>>> acted as
>>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to
>>>>>> an earth
>>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
>>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
>>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be
>>>>>> predicated
>>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the
>>>>>> neutral
>>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already
>>>>>> figured out
>>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does
>>>>>> create
>>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers
>>>>>> with
>>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
>>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Mick
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in the 
recording studio!  Ha! Ha!  Way back when I was learning about fine 
audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two sound systems 
together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the systems and selected 
line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest motor boat you ever 
heard!  Lol  Yep! I had grounded both ends of a shielded cable and got a 
good example of a ground loop!


On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> Thanks for that.
>
> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile 
> with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation 
> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to 
> testing all the grounding points. When building a recording studio we 
> have to float all the grounds so they are single point at the service 
> panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are lifted at the 
> outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a prewired building.  
> Ironically we also used to use autoformers for all of the light 
> dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to the variacs as light 
> dimmers.
>
> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer 
> even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat 
> rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked off 
> all my ground faults in the house through one.
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation 
>> transformers on the test bench!
>>
>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>
>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Norm,
>>>
>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process 
>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source configured 
>>> the same way. Funny how I was concentrating on isolating and 
>>> connecting saturated inductive charge without the first magnetic 
>>> variable taken into account.
>>>
>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source 
>>> and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always 
>>> protect his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope 
>>> probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when 
>>> performing the experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply 
>>> has an isolation transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there 
>>> is more inter-winding capacitive coupling and mutual inductance than 
>>> with the proper EI transformer though there is at least the 
>>> electrostatic shield and galvanic isolation.
>>>
>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm very 
>>> familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for galvanic 
>>> isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation, 
>>>> best to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The super 
>>>> high quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC components 
>>>> that effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. 
>>>> This will give you an idea as to construction and purpose::
>>>>
>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>
>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>
>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>
>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>
>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>
>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of 
>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor was 
>>>> opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic and 
>>>> capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not 
>>>> compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese motor 
>>>> experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing action 
>>>> was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral 
>>>> in the 120VAC input.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>
>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>
>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation 
>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>
>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>
>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an 
>>>>> earth
>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>
>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>
>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be 
>>>>> predicated
>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the 
>>>>> neutral
>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>
>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does create
>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>
>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>>
>>>>> Mick
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

Mick!  Your comment about some people dying from pranks!  True Story! 
Back in the early 80s a pastor at a Duncanville Church (suburb of 
Dallas) was preforming a live Baptism at his church on a typical Sunday 
morning!  His audio amp was the old vintage single end class A push-pull 
tube amp.  As he descended into the Baptism pool in front of 
congregation and flipped on the hand held mic switch has was instantly 
fried by 450VDC plate voltage on chassis ground.  Coroners report showed 
that an electrolytic cap in the HVDC plate power supply had gone to 
ground in effect energizing chassis at the 450VDC potential. All those 
vintage amps had the old two pin 120VAC plugs before the 3 pin safety 
grounds we now have.

http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Power_Supply.html

Having gone through DeVry Electronics back in 1953, I totally understood 
the lethality of such an event!


On 11/3/2018 7:55 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> The interconnects used for home audio should be illegal for bad sound, 
> but even a properly designed mic cable with an XLR on each end with a 
> hot a cold and a shield one will notice only on female side the shield 
> connects to the chassis of the connector.  It is a single shield run 
> on #1 to both sides though as the connections are designed balanced 
> for just the reason you mentioned.
>
> XLR's are the best connector for long run connections but I make my 
> own cable with silver plated aircraft cable with teflon insulation, a 
> pain to work with but sound is great.
>
> For short single ended runs the RCA end sucks and it should have been 
> BNC or the extra small microwave connectors that look like mini BNC's  
> If one removes the RCA connectors and replaces with BNC and high 
> quality aircraft cable and the rest of the gear is good enough one 
> will notice the difference.  Networking cable Cat 5 or 6 can also 
> sound great as speaker cable.
>
> The story gets worse though as the old tube guitar amp had a switch 
> that would toggle chassis ground between either connector on the power 
> connection for the purpose of preventing ground loops when some live 
> show venue had the outlets wired with hot and neutral reversed.  Well 
> when that guitarist also happens to be a vocalist and touched a mic 
> stand with the ground switched wrong it was not pretty if the shield 
> was run to both chassis of the connectors.  This was an old soundman 
> trick to get back at the rude ego asshole guitar players using the 
> special fully grounded mic cable.  I am sure some people died from 
> this prank where 220 was used.
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 4:46 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in the 
>> recording studio!  Ha! Ha! Way back when I was learning about fine 
>> audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two sound 
>> systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the systems and 
>> selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest motor boat 
>> you ever heard!  Lol Yep! I had grounded both ends of a shielded 
>> cable and got a good example of a ground loop!
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Norm,
>>>
>>> Thanks for that.
>>>
>>> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile 
>>> with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation 
>>> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to 
>>> testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording studio 
>>> we have to float all the grounds so they are single point at the 
>>> service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are lifted 
>>> at the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a prewired 
>>> building. Ironically we also used to use autoformers for all of the 
>>> light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to the variacs 
>>> as light dimmers.
>>>
>>> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer 
>>> even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat 
>>> rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked off 
>>> all my ground faults in the house through one.
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation 
>>>> transformers on the test bench!
>>>>
>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>>>
>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process 
>>>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source 
>>>>> configured the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on 
>>>>> isolating and connecting saturated inductive charge without the 
>>>>> first magnetic variable taken into account.
>>>>>
>>>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source 
>>>>> and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always 
>>>>> protect his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope 
>>>>> probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when 
>>>>> performing the experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply 
>>>>> has an isolation transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there 
>>>>> is more inter-winding capacitive coupling and mutual inductance 
>>>>> than with the proper EI transformer though there is at least the 
>>>>> electrostatic shield and galvanic isolation.
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm 
>>>>> very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for 
>>>>> galvanic isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation, 
>>>>>> best to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The 
>>>>>> super high quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC 
>>>>>> components that effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG 
>>>>>> instruments. This will give you an idea as to construction and 
>>>>>> purpose::
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>>>
>>>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>>>
>>>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of 
>>>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor 
>>>>>> was opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic 
>>>>>> and capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not 
>>>>>> compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese 
>>>>>> motor experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing 
>>>>>> action was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line 
>>>>>> neutral in the 120VAC input.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you 
>>>>>>> concur
>>>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from 
>>>>>>> source in
>>>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation 
>>>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit 
>>>>>>> with
>>>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even 
>>>>>>> acted as
>>>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to 
>>>>>>> an earth
>>>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only 
>>>>>>> conceivable
>>>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside 
>>>>>>> from
>>>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be 
>>>>>>> predicated
>>>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the 
>>>>>>> neutral
>>>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already 
>>>>>>> figured out
>>>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does 
>>>>>>> create
>>>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and 
>>>>>>> transformers with
>>>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
>>>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Mick
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Power_Supply-More_Info.html

Very good article on HVDC power supplies and filter section!


On 11/4/2018 7:50 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Mick!  Your comment about some people dying from pranks!  True Story! 
> Back in the early 80s a pastor at a Duncanville Church (suburb of 
> Dallas) was preforming a live Baptism at his church on a typical 
> Sunday morning!  His audio amp was the old vintage single end class A 
> push-pull tube amp.  As he descended into the Baptism pool in front of 
> congregation and flipped on the hand held mic switch has was instantly 
> fried by 450VDC plate voltage on chassis ground.  Coroners report 
> showed that an electrolytic cap in the HVDC plate power supply had 
> gone to ground in effect energizing chassis at the 450VDC potential. 
> All those vintage amps had the old two pin 120VAC plugs before the 3 
> pin safety grounds we now have.
>
> http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Power_Supply.html
>
> Having gone through DeVry Electronics back in 1953, I totally 
> understood the lethality of such an event!
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 7:55 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Norm,
>>
>> The interconnects used for home audio should be illegal for bad 
>> sound, but even a properly designed mic cable with an XLR on each end 
>> with a hot a cold and a shield one will notice only on female side 
>> the shield connects to the chassis of the connector.  It is a single 
>> shield run on #1 to both sides though as the connections are designed 
>> balanced for just the reason you mentioned.
>>
>> XLR's are the best connector for long run connections but I make my 
>> own cable with silver plated aircraft cable with teflon insulation, a 
>> pain to work with but sound is great.
>>
>> For short single ended runs the RCA end sucks and it should have been 
>> BNC or the extra small microwave connectors that look like mini 
>> BNC's  If one removes the RCA connectors and replaces with BNC and 
>> high quality aircraft cable and the rest of the gear is good enough 
>> one will notice the difference.  Networking cable Cat 5 or 6 can also 
>> sound great as speaker cable.
>>
>> The story gets worse though as the old tube guitar amp had a switch 
>> that would toggle chassis ground between either connector on the 
>> power connection for the purpose of preventing ground loops when some 
>> live show venue had the outlets wired with hot and neutral reversed.  
>> Well when that guitarist also happens to be a vocalist and touched a 
>> mic stand with the ground switched wrong it was not pretty if the 
>> shield was run to both chassis of the connectors.  This was an old 
>> soundman trick to get back at the rude ego asshole guitar players 
>> using the special fully grounded mic cable.  I am sure some people 
>> died from this prank where 220 was used.
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 4:46 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in 
>>> the recording studio!  Ha! Ha! Way back when I was learning about 
>>> fine audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two 
>>> sound systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the 
>>> systems and selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest 
>>> motor boat you ever heard!  Lol  Yep! I had grounded both ends of a 
>>> shielded cable and got a good example of a ground loop!
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Norm,
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for that.
>>>>
>>>> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile 
>>>> with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation 
>>>> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to 
>>>> testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording studio 
>>>> we have to float all the grounds so they are single point at the 
>>>> service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are lifted 
>>>> at the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a prewired 
>>>> building.  Ironically we also used to use autoformers for all of 
>>>> the light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to the 
>>>> variacs as light dimmers.
>>>>
>>>> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer 
>>>> even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat 
>>>> rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked 
>>>> off all my ground faults in the house through one.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation 
>>>>> transformers on the test bench!
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process 
>>>>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source 
>>>>>> configured the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on 
>>>>>> isolating and connecting saturated inductive charge without the 
>>>>>> first magnetic variable taken into account.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power 
>>>>>> source and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will 
>>>>>> not always protect his scope when messing around with this 
>>>>>> energy.  My scope probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg 
>>>>>> when I walked by when performing the experiments from my bench 
>>>>>> supply.  The bench supply has an isolation transformer of sorts. 
>>>>>> Being it is torroidal there is more inter-winding capacitive 
>>>>>> coupling and mutual inductance than with the proper EI 
>>>>>> transformer though there is at least the electrostatic shield and 
>>>>>> galvanic isolation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm 
>>>>>> very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for 
>>>>>> galvanic isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand 
>>>>>>> Isolation, best to study and understand the Isolation 
>>>>>>> Transformer.   The super high quality ones are built to 
>>>>>>> eliminate noise and DC components that effect sensitive 
>>>>>>> instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will give you an 
>>>>>>> idea as to construction and purpose::
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of 
>>>>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor 
>>>>>>> was opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic 
>>>>>>> and capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was 
>>>>>>> not compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese 
>>>>>>> motor experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing 
>>>>>>> action was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a 
>>>>>>> line neutral in the 120VAC input.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you 
>>>>>>>> concur
>>>>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>>>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from 
>>>>>>>> source in
>>>>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation 
>>>>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC 
>>>>>>>> unit with
>>>>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>>>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even 
>>>>>>>> acted as
>>>>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>>>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to 
>>>>>>>> an earth
>>>>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only 
>>>>>>>> conceivable
>>>>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic 
>>>>>>>> aside from
>>>>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be 
>>>>>>>> predicated
>>>>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the 
>>>>>>>> neutral
>>>>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already 
>>>>>>>> figured out
>>>>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does 
>>>>>>>> create
>>>>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and 
>>>>>>>> transformers with
>>>>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical 
>>>>>>>> isolation
>>>>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Mick
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>> 
>

Norm,

I really hope that was an accident and not a prank, how awful! 

Assuming that was a class AB if push pull as most of the old tube Push
Pull PA amps were biased AB instead of solid class A due to heat
dissipation. Single ended up until the push pull current buffer because
this section requires a phase inverter tube to make it push pull.

Unlikely it still worked with a shorted plate supply cap, probably had
not been tested in awhile or shorted at the moment.

What a horrible spectacle for a baptism, hope the child was not harmed.


On 11/4/2018 5:50 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Mick!  Your comment about some people dying from pranks!  True Story!
> Back in the early 80s a pastor at a Duncanville Church (suburb of
> Dallas) was preforming a live Baptism at his church on a typical
> Sunday morning!  His audio amp was the old vintage single end class A
> push-pull tube amp.  As he descended into the Baptism pool in front of
> congregation and flipped on the hand held mic switch has was instantly
> fried by 450VDC plate voltage on chassis ground.  Coroners report
> showed that an electrolytic cap in the HVDC plate power supply had
> gone to ground in effect energizing chassis at the 450VDC potential.
> All those vintage amps had the old two pin 120VAC plugs before the 3
> pin safety grounds we now have. 
>
> http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Power_Supply.html
>
> Having gone through DeVry Electronics back in 1953, I totally
> understood the lethality of such an event!
>
>
> On 11/3/2018 7:55 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Norm,
>>
>> The interconnects used for home audio should be illegal for bad
>> sound, but even a properly designed mic cable with an XLR on each end
>> with a hot a cold and a shield one will notice only on female side
>> the shield connects to the chassis of the connector.  It is a single
>> shield run on #1 to both sides though as the connections are designed
>> balanced for just the reason you mentioned.
>>
>> XLR's are the best connector for long run connections but I make my
>> own cable with silver plated aircraft cable with teflon insulation, a
>> pain to work with but sound is great.
>>
>> For short single ended runs the RCA end sucks and it should have been
>> BNC or the extra small microwave connectors that look like mini
>> BNC's  If one removes the RCA connectors and replaces with BNC and
>> high quality aircraft cable and the rest of the gear is good enough
>> one will notice the difference.  Networking cable Cat 5 or 6 can also
>> sound great as speaker cable.
>>
>> The story gets worse though as the old tube guitar amp had a switch
>> that would toggle chassis ground between either connector on the
>> power connection for the purpose of preventing ground loops when some
>> live show venue had the outlets wired with hot and neutral reversed. 
>> Well when that guitarist also happens to be a vocalist and touched a
>> mic stand with the ground switched wrong it was not pretty if the
>> shield was run to both chassis of the connectors.  This was an old
>> soundman trick to get back at the rude ego asshole guitar players
>> using the special fully grounded mic cable.  I am sure some people
>> died from this prank where 220 was used.
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 4:46 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>  
>>>
>>> Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in
>>> the recording studio!  Ha! Ha!  Way back when I was learning about
>>> fine audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two
>>> sound systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the
>>> systems and selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest
>>> motor boat you ever heard!  Lol  Yep! I had grounded both ends of a
>>> shielded cable and got a good example of a ground loop!
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>> Norm,
>>>>
>>>> Thanks for that.
>>>>
>>>> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile
>>>> with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation
>>>> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to
>>>> testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording studio
>>>> we have to float all the grounds so they are single point at the
>>>> service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are lifted
>>>> at the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a prewired
>>>> building.  Ironically we also used to use autoformers for all of
>>>> the light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to the
>>>> variacs as light dimmers.
>>>>
>>>> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer
>>>> even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat
>>>> rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked
>>>> off all my ground faults in the house through one.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation
>>>>> transformers on the test bench!
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>  
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process
>>>>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source
>>>>>> configured the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on
>>>>>> isolating and connecting saturated inductive charge without the
>>>>>> first magnetic variable taken into account.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power
>>>>>> source and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will
>>>>>> not always protect his scope when messing around with this
>>>>>> energy.  My scope probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg
>>>>>> when I walked by when performing the experiments from my bench
>>>>>> supply.  The bench supply has an isolation transformer of sorts.
>>>>>> Being it is torroidal there is more inter-winding capacitive
>>>>>> coupling and mutual inductance than with the proper EI
>>>>>> transformer though there is at least the electrostatic shield and
>>>>>> galvanic isolation.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm
>>>>>> very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for
>>>>>> galvanic isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand
>>>>>>> Isolation, best to study and understand the Isolation
>>>>>>> Transformer.   The super high quality ones are built to
>>>>>>> eliminate noise and DC components that effect sensitive
>>>>>>> instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will give you an
>>>>>>> idea as to construction and purpose::
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of
>>>>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor
>>>>>>> was opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic
>>>>>>> and capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was
>>>>>>> not compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese
>>>>>>> motor experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing
>>>>>>> action was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a
>>>>>>> line neutral in the 120VAC input.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you
>>>>>>>> concur
>>>>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
>>>>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from
>>>>>>>> source in
>>>>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation
>>>>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC
>>>>>>>> unit with
>>>>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
>>>>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even
>>>>>>>> acted as
>>>>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
>>>>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to
>>>>>>>> an earth
>>>>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only
>>>>>>>> conceivable
>>>>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic
>>>>>>>> aside from
>>>>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be
>>>>>>>> predicated
>>>>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the
>>>>>>>> neutral
>>>>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already
>>>>>>>> figured out
>>>>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does
>>>>>>>> create
>>>>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and
>>>>>>>> transformers with
>>>>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical
>>>>>>>> isolation
>>>>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Mick
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

yep ! ELF wave  intrusion in ground potential sucks feces big time !

had ruined million dollar set ups ! ....




 

---In [email protected], <nwootan@...> wrote :

 Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in the recording studio!  Ha! Ha!  Way back when I was learning about fine audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two sound systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the systems and selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest motor boat you ever heard!  Lol  Yep! I had grounded both ends of a shielded cable and got a good example of a ground loop!

 
 On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick mkjekyll@... mailto:mkjekyll@... [EVGRAY] wrote:

   
 Norm,
 Thanks for that.

 I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite awhile with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording studio we have to float all the grounds so they are single point at the service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are lifted at the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a prewired building.  Ironically we also used to use autoformers for all of the light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to the variacs as light dimmers.
 I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the somewhat rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I kicked off all my ground faults in the house through one.

 
 On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan nwootan@... mailto:nwootan@... [EVGRAY] wrote:

   
 Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation transformers on the test bench!
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ

 
 On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick mkjekyll@... mailto:mkjekyll@... [EVGRAY] wrote:

   
 Norm,
 Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source configured the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on isolating and connecting saturated inductive charge without the first magnetic variable taken into account.

 I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power source and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will not always protect his scope when messing around with this energy.  My scope probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg when I walked by when performing the experiments from my bench supply.  The bench supply has an isolation transformer of sorts. Being it is torroidal there is more inter-winding capacitive coupling and mutual inductance than with the proper EI transformer though there is at least the electrostatic shield and galvanic isolation.

 Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for galvanic isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise. 

 
 On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan nwootan@... mailto:nwootan@... [EVGRAY] wrote:

   
 Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand Isolation, best to study and understand the Isolation Transformer.   The super high quality ones are built to eliminate noise and DC components that effect sensitive instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will give you an idea as to construction and purpose:: 

 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
 A little tutorial as to how they work!
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
 https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
 The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor was opened since there was no neutral involve. There is magnetic and capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric insulation was not compromised therefore no electrical connection.  The Chinese motor experiment was isolated, (electrically) when the reversing action was in transient. (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral in the 120VAC input.

 
 On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick mkjekyll@... mailto:mkjekyll@... [EVGRAY] wrote:

   Norm,
 
 Since you have performed mass research on this event would you concur
 with my long distance observation that the event is not only due to
 charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from source in
 addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
 
 Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation transformer.
 
 Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC unit with
 only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
 transformer of some type also such as the utility step down for the
 neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even acted as
 such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
 
 Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated battery
 system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection to an earth
 bonding in another spot?
 
 My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
 grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only conceivable
 ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic aside from
 the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
 
 I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be predicated
 on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though the neutral
 is isolated electrically.
 
 Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already figured out
 assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it does create
 an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and transformers with
 an extra resonant winding.
 
 By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical isolation
 transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
 
 Mick

Please understand that in the US there are approximately 400,000 
Baptisms performed annually. In most cases there is water and an audio 
system involved. There are a lot of electrocutions that we never hear of 
as quoted here:

This type of death happens annually. Therefore, sound operators should 
be aware of potential electrical hazards associated with sound 
reinforcement systems. We have a responsibility for producing quality 
sound but also doing so in a safe environment.

/Disclaimer: "Please note this article is meant to discuss safety issues 
with baptismal amplification. In no way is it meant to claim cause of or 
accuse those involved in any negligence."/

/See: https://www.behindthemixer.com/baptismal-amplification-and-safety//

/I have heard of three such cases while living in Texas.  The last was 
the Waco Pastor and I find the Court explanation rather lacking in that 
a damaged Calrod water heater was to blame. You cannot sue in Court if 
the Pastors' own amplifier was to blame so you search for a supposed 
responsible party.  I don't know, I just read the news and form my own 
opinion!/

/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Family-settles-lawsuit-in-electrocution-death-of-1881419.php
/


On 11/4/2018 12:21 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> I really hope that was an accident and not a prank, how awful!
>
> Assuming that was a class AB if push pull as most of the old tube Push 
> Pull PA amps were biased AB instead of solid class A due to heat 
> dissipation. Single ended up until the push pull current buffer 
> because this section requires a phase inverter tube to make it push pull.
>
> Unlikely it still worked with a shorted plate supply cap, probably had 
> not been tested in awhile or shorted at the moment.
>
> What a horrible spectacle for a baptism, hope the child was not harmed.
>
>
> On 11/4/2018 5:50 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Mick!  Your comment about some people dying from pranks!  True Story! 
>> Back in the early 80s a pastor at a Duncanville Church (suburb of 
>> Dallas) was preforming a live Baptism at his church on a typical 
>> Sunday morning!  His audio amp was the old vintage single end class A 
>> push-pull tube amp.  As he descended into the Baptism pool in front 
>> of congregation and flipped on the hand held mic switch has was 
>> instantly fried by 450VDC plate voltage on chassis ground.  Coroners 
>> report showed that an electrolytic cap in the HVDC plate power supply 
>> had gone to ground in effect energizing chassis at the 450VDC 
>> potential. All those vintage amps had the old two pin 120VAC plugs 
>> before the 3 pin safety grounds we now have.
>>
>> http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Power_Supply.html
>>
>> Having gone through DeVry Electronics back in 1953, I totally 
>> understood the lethality of such an event!
>>
>>
>> On 11/3/2018 7:55 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Norm,
>>>
>>> The interconnects used for home audio should be illegal for bad 
>>> sound, but even a properly designed mic cable with an XLR on each 
>>> end with a hot a cold and a shield one will notice only on female 
>>> side the shield connects to the chassis of the connector.  It is a 
>>> single shield run on #1 to both sides though as the connections are 
>>> designed balanced for just the reason you mentioned.
>>>
>>> XLR's are the best connector for long run connections but I make my 
>>> own cable with silver plated aircraft cable with teflon insulation, 
>>> a pain to work with but sound is great.
>>>
>>> For short single ended runs the RCA end sucks and it should have 
>>> been BNC or the extra small microwave connectors that look like mini 
>>> BNC's  If one removes the RCA connectors and replaces with BNC and 
>>> high quality aircraft cable and the rest of the gear is good enough 
>>> one will notice the difference.  Networking cable Cat 5 or 6 can 
>>> also sound great as speaker cable.
>>>
>>> The story gets worse though as the old tube guitar amp had a switch 
>>> that would toggle chassis ground between either connector on the 
>>> power connection for the purpose of preventing ground loops when 
>>> some live show venue had the outlets wired with hot and neutral 
>>> reversed.  Well when that guitarist also happens to be a vocalist 
>>> and touched a mic stand with the ground switched wrong it was not 
>>> pretty if the shield was run to both chassis of the connectors.  
>>> This was an old soundman trick to get back at the rude ego asshole 
>>> guitar players using the special fully grounded mic cable.  I am 
>>> sure some people died from this prank where 220 was used.
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 4:46 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in 
>>>> the recording studio!  Ha! Ha!  Way back when I was learning about 
>>>> fine audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two 
>>>> sound systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the 
>>>> systems and selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the prettiest 
>>>> motor boat you ever heard!  Lol Yep! I had grounded both ends of a 
>>>> shielded cable and got a good example of a ground loop!
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>
>>>>> Thanks for that.
>>>>>
>>>>> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite 
>>>>> awhile with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation 
>>>>> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to 
>>>>> testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording 
>>>>> studio we have to float all the grounds so they are single point 
>>>>> at the service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they are 
>>>>> lifted at the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a 
>>>>> prewired building.  Ironically we also used to use autoformers for 
>>>>> all of the light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often referred to 
>>>>> the variacs as light dimmers.
>>>>>
>>>>> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation transformer 
>>>>> even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due to the 
>>>>> somewhat rare magnetic emp events we are talking about like when I 
>>>>> kicked off all my ground faults in the house through one.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation 
>>>>>> transformers on the test bench!
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>
>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process 
>>>>>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source 
>>>>>>> configured the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on 
>>>>>>> isolating and connecting saturated inductive charge without the 
>>>>>>> first magnetic variable taken into account.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power 
>>>>>>> source and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will 
>>>>>>> not always protect his scope when messing around with this 
>>>>>>> energy. My scope probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg 
>>>>>>> when I walked by when performing the experiments from my bench 
>>>>>>> supply.  The bench supply has an isolation transformer of sorts. 
>>>>>>> Being it is torroidal there is more inter-winding capacitive 
>>>>>>> coupling and mutual inductance than with the proper EI 
>>>>>>> transformer though there is at least the electrostatic shield 
>>>>>>> and galvanic isolation.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm 
>>>>>>> very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for 
>>>>>>> galvanic isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand 
>>>>>>>> Isolation, best to study and understand the Isolation 
>>>>>>>> Transformer.   The super high quality ones are built to 
>>>>>>>> eliminate noise and DC components that effect sensitive 
>>>>>>>> instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will give you an 
>>>>>>>> idea as to construction and purpose::
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of 
>>>>>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains contactor 
>>>>>>>> was opened since there was no neutral involve. There is 
>>>>>>>> magnetic and capacitive coup[ling only The dielectric 
>>>>>>>> insulation was not compromised therefore no electrical 
>>>>>>>> connection.  The Chinese motor experiment was isolated, 
>>>>>>>> (electrically) when the reversing action was in transient. 
>>>>>>>> (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral in the 120VAC 
>>>>>>>> input.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would you 
>>>>>>>>> concur
>>>>>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only 
>>>>>>>>> due to
>>>>>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from 
>>>>>>>>> source in
>>>>>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation 
>>>>>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC 
>>>>>>>>> unit with
>>>>>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down 
>>>>>>>>> for the
>>>>>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even 
>>>>>>>>> acted as
>>>>>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated 
>>>>>>>>> battery
>>>>>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection 
>>>>>>>>> to an earth
>>>>>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only 
>>>>>>>>> conceivable
>>>>>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic 
>>>>>>>>> aside from
>>>>>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be 
>>>>>>>>> predicated
>>>>>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though 
>>>>>>>>> the neutral
>>>>>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already 
>>>>>>>>> figured out
>>>>>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it 
>>>>>>>>> does create
>>>>>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and 
>>>>>>>>> transformers with
>>>>>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical 
>>>>>>>>> isolation
>>>>>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme danger.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Mick
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

Norm,

Even with GFI I don't agree with the unit being grounded for the same
reason as the Carlson lab iso transformer same as the alleged water
heater issue.  Most of the new gear runs off a switching supply which is
buck converted to a bypolar +- 15 volts.  Everything should be floated
and the mic cables for baptisms should only have terminals 2-3
connected.  Many units use phantom power which is run off a voltage
divider of two 6.8k resistors between terminals 2-3 with the shield 1 as
the return.  Most PA mics are dynamics so do not require phantom power
so no need for the shield to be connected.  Even though phantom power is
very low current 48 volts DC it should also be blocked in the cable for
extra safety with a pair of capacitors. 

Sounds like a product to market if not already out there.  Safe baby
baptismal mic cables.

Most of the new gear is chip op amps and the whimpy 30v power supplies
are unlikely to have the juice to take someone out even in water so I
don't think the water heater claim is as unlikely as it first sounds.  I
have a saying here at the studio that if there is not enough voltage to
kill you it probably sounds like shit.  48 volts is supposed to be the
minimal voltage to kill so the old discrete mixing op amps with the +-
24 volt supply are minimally acceptable in my book.  Most of the mic
preamp stuff here runs off bipolar 600 volt supplies as it is class A
push pull balanced tube.   The solid state pre's runs at about 120v dc. 
Both tube and solid state have big current available too for the bass
frequencies.
Bass needs current.  On most mixing boards plug in one channel it sounds
great then sixteen channels of mics and the bass starts to disappear
because there is not enough current.  In the old days with the big
mixing consoles we used to piggy back extra power supplies for this
reason, often three of them were ordered form the mfg instead of one.


On 11/5/2018 3:07 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Please understand that in the US there are approximately 400,000
> Baptisms performed annually. In most cases there is water and an audio
> system involved. There are a lot of electrocutions that we never hear
> of as quoted here:
>
> This type of death happens annually. Therefore, sound operators should
> be aware of potential electrical hazards associated with sound
> reinforcement systems. We have a responsibility for producing quality
> sound but also doing so in a safe environment.
>
> /Disclaimer: "Please note this article is meant to discuss safety
> issues with baptismal amplification. In no way is it meant to claim
> cause of or accuse those involved in any negligence."/
>
> /See:  https://www.behindthemixer.com/baptismal-amplification-and-safety//
>
> /I have heard of three such cases while living in Texas.  The last was
> the Waco Pastor and I find the Court explanation rather lacking in
> that a damaged Calrod water heater was to blame.   You cannot sue in
> Court if the Pastors' own amplifier was to blame so you search for a
> supposed responsible party.  I don't know, I just read the news and
> form my own opinion!/
>
> /https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Family-settles-lawsuit-in-electrocution-death-of-1881419.php
> /
>
>
> On 11/4/2018 12:21 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Norm,
>>
>> I really hope that was an accident and not a prank, how awful! 
>>
>> Assuming that was a class AB if push pull as most of the old tube
>> Push Pull PA amps were biased AB instead of solid class A due to heat
>> dissipation. Single ended up until the push pull current buffer
>> because this section requires a phase inverter tube to make it push pull.
>>
>> Unlikely it still worked with a shorted plate supply cap, probably
>> had not been tested in awhile or shorted at the moment.
>>
>> What a horrible spectacle for a baptism, hope the child was not harmed.
>>
>>
>> On 11/4/2018 5:50 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:

>>>  
>>>
>>> Mick!  Your comment about some people dying from pranks!  True
>>> Story! Back in the early 80s a pastor at a Duncanville Church
>>> (suburb of Dallas) was preforming a live Baptism at his church on a
>>> typical Sunday morning!  His audio amp was the old vintage single
>>> end class A push-pull tube amp.  As he descended into the Baptism
>>> pool in front of congregation and flipped on the hand held mic
>>> switch has was instantly fried by 450VDC plate voltage on chassis
>>> ground.  Coroners report showed that an electrolytic cap in the HVDC
>>> plate power supply had gone to ground in effect energizing chassis
>>> at the 450VDC potential. All those vintage amps had the old two pin
>>> 120VAC plugs before the 3 pin safety grounds we now have. 
>>>
>>> http://www.angelfire.com/electronic/funwithtubes/Amp-Power_Supply.html
>>>
>>> Having gone through DeVry Electronics back in 1953, I totally
>>> understood the lethality of such an event!
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/3/2018 7:55 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>> Norm,
>>>>
>>>> The interconnects used for home audio should be illegal for bad
>>>> sound, but even a properly designed mic cable with an XLR on each
>>>> end with a hot a cold and a shield one will notice only on female
>>>> side the shield connects to the chassis of the connector.  It is a
>>>> single shield run on #1 to both sides though as the connections are
>>>> designed balanced for just the reason you mentioned.
>>>>
>>>> XLR's are the best connector for long run connections but I make my
>>>> own cable with silver plated aircraft cable with teflon insulation,
>>>> a pain to work with but sound is great.
>>>>
>>>> For short single ended runs the RCA end sucks and it should have
>>>> been BNC or the extra small microwave connectors that look like
>>>> mini BNC's  If one removes the RCA connectors and replaces with BNC
>>>> and high quality aircraft cable and the rest of the gear is good
>>>> enough one will notice the difference.  Networking cable Cat 5 or 6
>>>> can also sound great as speaker cable.
>>>>
>>>> The story gets worse though as the old tube guitar amp had a switch
>>>> that would toggle chassis ground between either connector on the
>>>> power connection for the purpose of preventing ground loops when
>>>> some live show venue had the outlets wired with hot and neutral
>>>> reversed.  Well when that guitarist also happens to be a vocalist
>>>> and touched a mic stand with the ground switched wrong it was not
>>>> pretty if the shield was run to both chassis of the connectors. 
>>>> This was an old soundman trick to get back at the rude ego asshole
>>>> guitar players using the special fully grounded mic cable.  I am
>>>> sure some people died from this prank where 220 was used.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:46 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>> Mick!  Just had to laugh at your remark about floating grounds in
>>>>> the recording studio!  Ha! Ha!  Way back when I was learning about
>>>>> fine audio, I ran a shielded line level audio cable to hook two
>>>>> sound systems together, about 100 ft run.  When I turned on the
>>>>> systems and selected line in on the 2nd system, I had the
>>>>> prettiest motor boat you ever heard!  Lol  Yep! I had grounded
>>>>> both ends of a shielded cable and got a good example of a ground loop!
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:54 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>  
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Thanks for that.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I love Mr Calrsons lab, I could happily live there for quite
>>>>>> awhile with all that awesome vintage gear.  I have seen isolation
>>>>>> transformers wired like that and it's so insane but I am used to
>>>>>> testing all the grounding points.  When building a recording
>>>>>> studio we have to float all the grounds so they are single point
>>>>>> at the service panel and not looped anywhere else.  Often they
>>>>>> are lifted at the outlet j-box due to the lack of control in a
>>>>>> prewired building.  Ironically we also used to use autoformers
>>>>>> for all of the light dimmers to prevent noise, so we often
>>>>>> referred to the variacs as light dimmers.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I still don't completely trust a scope on an isolation
>>>>>> transformer even if the ground is properly isolated/ lifted due
>>>>>> to the somewhat rare magnetic emp events we are talking about
>>>>>> like when I kicked off all my ground faults in the house through one.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 2:03 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Mick! Here is a helpful video regarding scopes and isolation
>>>>>>> transformers on the test bench!
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBsQ3sZ45Fk&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaELqAo4kkQ
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 12:36 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Thanks for the nudge in the right direction.  Now the process
>>>>>>>> demands repeating with a totally isolated battery source
>>>>>>>> configured the same way.   Funny how I was concentrating on
>>>>>>>> isolating and connecting saturated inductive charge without the
>>>>>>>> first magnetic variable taken into account.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> I have had no problem creating the event with my grid power
>>>>>>>> source and even warned Sven that an isolation transformer will
>>>>>>>> not always protect his scope when messing around with this
>>>>>>>> energy.  My scope probe sitting on a bench shot me in the leg
>>>>>>>> when I walked by when performing the experiments from my bench
>>>>>>>> supply.  The bench supply has an isolation transformer of
>>>>>>>> sorts. Being it is torroidal there is more inter-winding
>>>>>>>> capacitive coupling and mutual inductance than with the proper
>>>>>>>> EI transformer though there is at least the electrostatic
>>>>>>>> shield and galvanic isolation.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Thanks for that reference. the Brit guy was funny, although I'm
>>>>>>>> very familiar with iso transformers in audio work used for
>>>>>>>> galvanic isolation and balancing to eliminate common mode noise.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> On 11/3/2018 4:42 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Mick!     Your DUH reference is funny!   To understand
>>>>>>>>> Isolation, best to study and understand the Isolation
>>>>>>>>> Transformer.   The super high quality ones are built to
>>>>>>>>> eliminate noise and DC components that effect sensitive
>>>>>>>>> instruments like EEG and EKG instruments. This will give you
>>>>>>>>> an idea as to construction and purpose::
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_transformer
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> A little tutorial as to how they work!
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfzy5IQMzyc&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14kPQif9P7c&feature=youtu.be
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> https://toroid.com/Products/Medical-Isolation-Transformers
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> The 230VAC, 5 HP locked rotor experiment was an example of
>>>>>>>>> electrically isolated electrical circuitry when mains
>>>>>>>>> contactor was opened since there was no neutral involve. There
>>>>>>>>> is magnetic and capacitive coup[ling only   The dielectric
>>>>>>>>> insulation was not compromised therefore no electrical
>>>>>>>>> connection.  The Chinese motor experiment was isolated,
>>>>>>>>> (electrically) when the reversing action was in transient.
>>>>>>>>> (Floating neutral) since there is a line neutral in the 120VAC
>>>>>>>>> input.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On 11/2/2018 2:44 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>  
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Norm,
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Since you have performed mass research on this event would
>>>>>>>>>> you concur
>>>>>>>>>> with my long distance observation that the event is not only
>>>>>>>>>> due to
>>>>>>>>>> charge isolation but inclusive of a magnetic connection from
>>>>>>>>>> source in
>>>>>>>>>> addition to the saturated and lifted inductive load?
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Your bell buzzer and bell transformer acting as an isolation
>>>>>>>>>> transformer.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Both motor experiments, the small Emerson type and the HVAC
>>>>>>>>>> unit with
>>>>>>>>>> only two hot's no neutral, must have been powered by an isolation
>>>>>>>>>> transformer of some type also such as the utility step down
>>>>>>>>>> for the
>>>>>>>>>> neighborhood or dedicated delta or wye for commercial or even
>>>>>>>>>> acted as
>>>>>>>>>> such from the dual windings of the HVAC motor.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Have you reliably produced the NS from any type of isolated
>>>>>>>>>> battery
>>>>>>>>>> system, or in all such cases was there a magnetic connection
>>>>>>>>>> to an earth
>>>>>>>>>> bonding in another spot?
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> My thoughts being one side of a transformer acting as a source is
>>>>>>>>>> grounded and the secondary side isolated so that the only
>>>>>>>>>> conceivable
>>>>>>>>>> ground bonding on the sink might be considered as magnetic
>>>>>>>>>> aside from
>>>>>>>>>> the bonded motor frame or what not producing the reconnection.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> I may be pissing up a rope notwithstanding the NS seems to be
>>>>>>>>>> predicated
>>>>>>>>>> on a B field connection somewhere in the source feed though
>>>>>>>>>> the neutral
>>>>>>>>>> is isolated electrically.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Perhaps this is a simple "Duh" to you that you had already
>>>>>>>>>> figured out
>>>>>>>>>> assuming everyone else at least this smart.  Either way it
>>>>>>>>>> does create
>>>>>>>>>> an interesting position in which to view 3 phase and
>>>>>>>>>> transformers with
>>>>>>>>>> an extra resonant winding.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> By the way, ironic your implication that the large medical
>>>>>>>>>> isolation
>>>>>>>>>> transformers create a heretofore unknown vector of extreme
>>>>>>>>>> danger.
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>> Mick
>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

Sven,

Excellent work!

I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30 volts
or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps, and blew some
very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000 amp so I imagine
you have gone through your share of silicon parts. At least the TVS
diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the pulse width adjustment.

What is your reactive power/input power ?

How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in capacitors?
If you have rotoverter use like this -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser


On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull inverter
> for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz 650Hz is fully
> adjustable and the pulse width.
> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works
> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V peaks.
> I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and this
> one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum housing
> and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all gone. By
> shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in the lines
> apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets are very hot
> although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off voltage at the drain
> increases in the kilovolt range when the transverter is connected. The
> complete line to Transverter is also shielded. I now wanted to build
> an Energy Recovery Snubber to recycle that energy. First test show
> that you can drive the transverter so much more efficient. I have to
> build this inverter even more reliable or change.
> Best regards
> Sven
>
>

Hi Norm,

How did you locate that application, what were you searching for?

Odd way to wire a transformer but I like the pair of H bridges working
against each other for power correction.

Do not have time yet to study it in depth, what is your opinion of the
most salient points?



On 11/15/2018 9:45 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Please review this Patent.
>
> United States Patent Application 20070296373
> Kind Code A1
> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in Motor,
> Generator, and Product Components
>
> Abstract
> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series
> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of
> a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to
> the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor,
> current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is charged.
> During the second quarter cycle; current is released from the inductor
> as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel inductor or
> resistive load. During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the
> capacitor from the opposite direction, the capacitor is charged,
> current pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power line, and
> current is stored in the inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle:
> the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, current parallel
> to another inductor or resistive load flows in the opposite direction,
> and the inductor releases current to incoming power line.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
> STUDIO CITY
> CA
> 91604-1260
> US
>
> Serial No.: 426571
> Series Code: 11
> Filed: June 26, 2006
>
> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>
>
> On 11/15/2018 10:51 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Sven,
>>
>> Excellent work!
>>
>> I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30
>> volts or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps, and
>> blew some very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000 amp
>> so I imagine you have gone through your share of silicon parts. At
>> least the TVS diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the
>> pulse width adjustment.
>>
>> What is your reactive power/input power ?
>>
>> How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in
>> capacitors?
>> If you have rotoverter use like this -
>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser
>>
>>
>> On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>  
>>>
>>> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull inverter
>>> for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz 650Hz is
>>> fully adjustable and the pulse width.
>>> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works
>>> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V
>>> peaks. I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and
>>> this one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum
>>> housing and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all gone.
>>> By shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in the
>>> lines apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets are
>>> very hot although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off voltage at
>>> the drain increases in the kilovolt range when the transverter is
>>> connected. The complete line to Transverter is also shielded. I now
>>> wanted to build an Energy Recovery Snubber to recycle that energy.
>>> First test show that you can drive the transverter so much more
>>> efficient. I have to build this inverter even more reliable or change.
>>> Best regards
>>> Sven
>>>
>

Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull inverter for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz 650Hz is fully adjustable and the pulse width.
A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V peaks. I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and this one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum housing and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all gone. By shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in the lines apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets are very hot although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off voltage at the drain increases in the kilovolt range when the transverter is connected. The complete line to Transverter is also shielded. I now wanted to build an Energy Recovery Snubber to recycle that energy. First test show that you can drive the transverter so much more efficient. I have to build this inverter even more reliable or change.
Best regards
Sven

Oh shit it's doing the magnetic reconnect!

On 11/15/2018 11:13 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Mick and all others interested!  Rather interesting concepts here!    
> Here is the whole document that I down loaded as a PDF file!
>
> United States Patent Application 20070296373
> Kind Code A1
> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in Motor,
> Generator, and Product Components
>
> Abstract
> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series
> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of
> a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to
> the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor,
> current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is charged.
> During the second quarter cycle; current is released from the inductor
> as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel inductor or
> resistive load. During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the
> capacitor from the opposite direction, the capacitor is charged,
> current pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power line, and
> current is stored in the inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle:
> the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, current parallel
> to another inductor or resistive load flows in the opposite direction,
> and the inductor releases current to incoming power line.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
> STUDIO CITY
> CA
> 91604-1260
> US
>
> Serial No.: 426571
> Series Code: 11
> Filed: June 26, 2006
>
> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> Claims
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> 1. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an
> electric power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an
> electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical
> power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power
> source;an inductor circuit that has a first associated reactance,
> wherein the inductor circuit is comprised of at least one winding in
> the electromechanical device;a capacitor circuit that has a second
> associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the capacitor
> circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a resonance
> that occurs at a particular frequency when the first reactance is
> matched to the second reactance such that electrical energy oscillates
> between a magnetic field of the inductor and an electric field
> associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is arranged such
> that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.
>
> 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further arranged
> for operation from one of an AC power source, a standard AC power
> outlet, and a DC power source.
>
> 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a power inverter that
> is arranged to condition an AC power source to a DC electric power
> input for the apparatus.
>
> 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit
> that is arranged to selectively charge the inductor circuit.
>
> 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a
> first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the
> first and second transistors are selectively activated during a first
> interval to charge a first winding of the inductor circuit in a first
> direction, the third and fourth transistors are selectively activated
> during a second interval to charge a second winding of the inductor
> circuit in a second direction; anda first, second, third, and fourth
> rectifier circuit, wherein: the first and second rectifiers are
> arranged to charge the capacitor circuit during the second interval,
> and the third and fourth rectifiers are arranged to charge the
> capacitor during the first interval.
>
> 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a
> first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the
> first transistor circuit includes a first collector that is coupled to
> a first terminal for a first winding of the inductor circuit, the
> second transistor circuit includes a second collector that is coupled
> to a second terminal for the first winding of the inductor circuit,
> the third transistor circuit includes a third collector that is
> coupled to a first terminal for a second winding of the inductor
> circuit, the fourth transistor circuit includes a fourth collector
> that is coupled to the second terminal for the second winding of the
> inductor circuit; anda first, second, third, and fourth rectifier
> circuit, wherein: the first rectifier circuit is coupled between a
> first terminal of the capacitor circuit and the first terminal of the
> first winding, the second rectifier circuit is coupled between the
> second terminal of the first winding and a second terminal of the
> capacitor circuit, the third rectifier circuit is coupled between the
> first terminal of the capacitor circuit and the second terminal of the
> second winding, the fourth rectifier circuit is coupled between the
> first terminal of the second winding and the second terminal of the
> capacitor circuit.
>
> 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first transistor circuit
> includes a first emitter that is arranged for operation from a first
> terminal of the power source, wherein the second transistor circuit
> includes a second emitter that is arranged for operation from a second
> terminal of the power source, wherein the third transistor circuit
> includes a third emitter that is arranged for operation from the first
> terminal of the power source, and wherein the fourth transistor
> circuit includes a fourth emitter that is arranged for operation from
> the second terminal of the power source.
>
> 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit
> arranged to drive: a first current in a first winding of the inductor
> circuit, and a second current in a second winding of the inductor
> circuit, wherein a first direction associated with the first current
> is opposite a second direction associated with the second current.
>
> 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first and second windings of
> the inductor circuit are arranged as a double-wire winding.
>
> 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a third and a fourth
> winding of the inductor circuit;a second capacitor circuit that has a
> second associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the
> capacitor circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a
> resonance that occurs at a particular frequency when the first
> reactance is matched to the second reactance such that electrical
> energy oscillates between a magnetic field of the inductor and an
> electric field associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is
> arranged such that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.
>
> 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an improved drive
> circuit, the improved drive circuit comprising:a rectifier circuit
> that is coupled to an AC input power source, wherein the rectifier
> circuit is arranged to provide a DC power source;a first inductive
> winding circuit;a second inductive winding circuit;a first H-bridge
> drive circuit that is arranged for operation from the DC power source,
> wherein the first H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the
> first inductive winding circuit; anda second H-bridge drive circuit
> that is also arranged for operation from the DC power source, wherein
> the second H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the second
> inductive winding circuit.
>
> 12. The apparatus of claim 11, the first inductive winding circuit
> further comprising at least one of: a single wire winding that is
> coupled in series to a first capacitor circuit that is coupled in
> parallel with a component circuit, and a double wire winding that is
> coupled in parallel to the component circuit, wherein the component
> circuit comprises at least one of: a second rectifier circuit, a
> second capacitor, and the second capacitor coupled to an output of the
> second rectifier circuit.
>
> 13. The apparatus of claim 11, the second inductive winding circuit
> further comprising at least one of: a first single wire winding that
> is coupled in parallel with a first capacitor, a second single wire
> winding that is coupled in series with a second capacitor, and a
> double wire winding that is coupled in parallel with a third capacitor.
>
> 14. The apparatus of claim 1, the electromechanical device comprising
> at least one of: a motor, a generator, a light bulb, a shaded motor, a
> stator motor, an induction motor, a steel-laminated core motor, a
> squirrel cage motor, a single-phase motor, a two-phase motor, a
> three-phase motor, a four-phase motor, and a multi-phase motor.
>
> 15. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising at least one
> of a parallel resonance circuit and a series resonance circuit.
>
> 16. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first
> single wire winding in the electromechanical device that is coupled in
> series with the capacitor circuit, and a component circuit that is
> coupled in parallel with the capacitor circuit, wherein the component
> circuit comprises at least one of: a second single wire winding in the
> electromechanical device, a first resistor, a second resistor that is
> series coupled to a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a primary
> side of a transformer, and a rectifier circuit.
>
> 17. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first
> single wire winding in the electromechanical device, and a second
> single wire winding in the electromechanical device, wherein the
> capacitor circuit is series coupled between the first single wire
> winding and the second single wire winding.
>
> 18. The apparatus of claim 17, the tank circuit further comprising: a
> component circuit that is coupled in parallel with the capacitor
> circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a
> first resistor, a second resistor that is coupled in series with a
> second capacitor, a third capacitor, a third single wire winding in
> the electromechanical device, a primary side of a transformer, and a
> rectifier circuit.
>
> 19. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit further comprising: a
> first core in the electromechanical device, a second core in the
> electromechanical device, and a parallel circuit that is coupled
> between the first core and the second core, wherein the parallel
> circuit comprises at least one of: the capacitor circuit, the inductor
> circuit, a resistor circuit, a first parallel combination of the
> resistor circuit and the capacitor circuit, and a second parallel
> combination of the capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit.
>
> 20. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising: a double
> wire winding core in the electromechanical device that is wired in at
> least one of a series configuration and a parallel configuration,
> wherein the double wire winding core is coupled to at least one of:
> the capacitor circuit, the inductor circuit, a first parallel
> combination of the capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit, a
> resistor circuit, a second parallel combination of the resistor
> circuit and the capacitor circuit, and a second double wire winding
> core in the electromechanical device.
>
> 21. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double
> wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second
> winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that
> is wound around a core, wherein the second winding is comprised of a
> second wire that is wound around the core in a common direction with
> the first wire, and wherein the first wire and the second wire are
> arranged according to one of: a single layer arrangement and a
> multiple layer arrangement.
>
> 22. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double
> wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second
> winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that
> is wound around a core from a starting position, wherein the second
> winding is comprised of a second wire that is wound around the core in
> a common direction with the first wire from the same starting
> position, wherein the first and second wires are further wound around
> the core a second time from the same starting position to form a
> multi-layer arrangement.
>
> 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the double wire winding
> inductive coil is arranged such that the first wire and the second
> wire each include a negative end and a positive end, wherein the
> negative end of the first wire is located adjacent to the positive end
> of the second wire, and wherein the positive end of the first wire is
> located adjacent to the negative end of the second wire.
>
> 24. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a first power line
> node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire and a
> second power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the
> second wire, wherein a component circuit is coupled between the
> positive end of the first wire and the positive end of the second
> wire, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a wire,
> the capacitor circuit, a single wire winding inductive coil, a second
> double wire winding inductive coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier
> circuit, a primary side of a transformer, the capacitor circuit
> coupled in parallel with the second double wire winding inductive
> coil, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the resistor
> circuit, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the rectifier
> circuit, and the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the
> primary side of the transformer, wherein the tank circuit is arranged
> to operate when power is applied across the first power line node and
> the second power line node.
>
> 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first double wire winding
> inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is
> coupled to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of
> the second wire, and a second power line node is coupled to the
> positive end of the first wire and the negative end of the second wire
> through a component circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises
> at least one of: a wire, the capacitor circuit, a resistor circuit,
> and the capacitor circuit in parallel with the resistor circuit,
> wherein the tank circuit is arranged to operate when power is applied
> across the first power line node and the second power line node.
>
> 26. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a second double
> wire winding inductive coil that includes a third winding and a fourth
> winding, wherein the third winding is comprised of a third wire that
> is wound around a second core, wherein the fourth winding is comprised
> of a fourth wire that is wound around the second core in a second
> common direction with the third wire, wherein the second double wire
> winding inductive coil is arranged such that the third wire and the
> fourth wire each include a negative end and a positive end, wherein
> the negative end of the third wire is located adjacent to the positive
> end of the fourth wire, and wherein the positive end of the third wire
> is located adjacent to the negative end of the fourth wire.
>
> 27. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising: a first power line
> node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire, and a
> second power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the
> second wire, wherein the second double wire winding inductive coil is
> arranged such that the negative end of the third wire is coupled to
> the positive end of the second wire and the negative end of the fourth
> wire is coupled to the positive end of the first wire, wherein the
> tank circuit is arranged to operate when power is applied across the
> first power line node and the second power line node.
>
> 28. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a component circuit
> that is coupled between the positive end of the third wire and the
> positive end of the fourth wire, wherein the component circuit
> comprises at least one of: the capacitor circuit, a single wire
> winding inductive coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier circuit, a
> primary side of a transformer, the capacitor circuit coupled in
> parallel with the single wire winding inductive coil, the capacitor
> circuit coupled in parallel with the resistor circuit, the capacitor
> circuit coupled in parallel with the rectifier circuit, and the
> capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the primary side of the
> transformer.
>
> 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first double wire winding
> inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is
> coupled to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of
> the second wire, and the positive end of the first wire and the
> negative end of the second wire are coupled to a first node, and
> wherein the second double wire winding inductive coil is arranged such
> that: a second power line node is coupled to the positive end of the
> third wire and the negative end of the fourth wire, and the negative
> end of the third wire and the positive end of the fourth wire are
> coupled to a second node, wherein the first node is coupled to the
> second node through a component circuit that comprises at least one
> of: a wire, the capacitor circuit, a resistor circuit, and the
> capacitor circuit in parallel with the resistor circuit, wherein the
> tank circuit is arranged to operate when power is applied across the
> first power line node and the second power line node.
>
> 30. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from a
> power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an
> electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical
> power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power
> source;an inductive winding in the electromechanical device;a
> capacitor circuit that is arranged in cooperation with the inductive
> winding to form a resonant circuit, wherein the resonant circuit is
> arranged such that:during a first quarter cycle associated with the
> electric power source, a first current from the electric power source
> is stored in the inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit is charged
> with the first current from a first direction;during a second quarter
> cycle associated with the electric power source, the stored current is
> released from the inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit
> discharges to a component circuit in a forward direction;during a
> third quarter cycle associated with the electric power source, a
> second current charges the capacitor circuit from a second direction
> that is opposite the first direction; andduring a fourth quarter cycle
> associated with the electric power source, the capacitor circuit
> discharges to the component circuit in a backward direction and the
> inductive winding releases current to the electric power source,
> wherein the apparatus is arranged such that power conservation is
> improved by more than 100%.
>
> 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the component circuit comprises
> at least one of a second inductive winding in the electromechanical
> device, and a resistive load circuit.
>
> 32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the inductive winding is wound
> around a core.
>
> 33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the electromechanical device
> comprises least one of a motor and a generator.
>
> 34. A method for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an
> electric power source to mechanical power in an electromechanical
> device, the method comprising:during a first quarter cycle associated
> with the electric power source:providing a first current from the
> electric power source,storing the first current in an inductor circuit
> associated with the electromechanical device, andcharging a capacitor
> circuit with the first current from a first direction;during a second
> quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:releasing
> stored current from the inductor to a selected one of a load circuit
> and a second inductor circuit that is also associated with the
> electromechanical device, anddischarging the capacitor circuit to the
> selected one of the load circuit and the second inductor circuit in a
> forward direction;during a third quarter cycle associated with the
> electric power source:charging the capacitor circuit from a second
> direction that is opposite the first direction; andduring a fourth
> quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:discharging
> the capacitor circuit to the selected one of the load circuit and the
> second inductor circuit in a backward direction, andreleasing current
> to the electric power source, wherein the method is arranged such that
> power conservation is improved by more than100%.
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> Description
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>
> [0001]a) Field of the Invention
>
> [0002]The present disclosure relates generally to an apparatus, system
> and method for conserving energy in electromagnetic circuits that may
> include an inductor, motor, generator, and capacitor or condenser.
>
> [0003]b) Background Art
>
> [0004]The presently described invention has a variety of applications
> including the ability to reduce reliance on gasoline and diesel fuel.
> As will be described, an energy-efficient electromagnetic circuit can
> be utilized to power electric motors, generators, and other power
> related applications. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the cost
> and availability of gasoline and diesel fuel, the presently described
> features have the potential to reduce the use of petrochemical fuel by
> conserving electrical energy.
>
> [0005]Electric motor efficiency is the measure of the ability of an
> electric motor to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. An
> energy-efficient motor is a motor that gives the same mechanical
> output strength but uses less electrical energy input. To increase
> electric motor efficiency, the electric power consumption and motor
> losses must be reduced. Energy-efficient motors conserve electrical
> energy and may be used for a variety of uses, including within hybrid
> cars, to increase fuel-efficiency. Electrical motor power consumption
> efficiency (Efficiency) can be calculated by the following equation:
>
> Efficiency=(100%).times.(Mechanical power output)/(Electrical power
> input).
>
> [0006]The present disclosure has evaluated numerous conventional
> motor-related circuits and identified new methods that realize power
> conservation that is approximately 150% to around 200% better than
> conventionally available motors.
>
> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
>
> [0007]FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the system with a direct
> connection to the electric power source.
>
> [0008]FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the system with conventional
> H-Bridge Drive Circuit.
>
> [0009]FIG. 1C is a block diagram of the system with DC Drive.
>
> [0010]FIG. 1D is a block diagram of the system with Two-Bridge Drive
> Circuit.
>
> [0011]FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a conventional H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0012]FIG. 2B is an illustrative plot of the timing waveform for the
> H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0013]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a DC Drive.
>
> [0014]FIG. 3B is an illustrative graph of current versus signal versus
> voltage for the DC Drive.
>
> [0015]FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a Two H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0016]FIG. 4B illustrates the circuit options for Drive 1 in the Two
> H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0017]FIG. 4C illustrates the circuit options for Drive 2 in the Two
> H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0018]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a conventional series circuit.
>
> [0019]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a conventional parallel circuit.
>
> [0020]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0021]FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0022]FIG. 9 is circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding
> circuit.
>
> [0023]FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0024]FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0025]FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0026]FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0027]FIG. 14 is a graphical illustration of a double wire inductive
> coil winding.
>
> [0028]FIG. 15 is a graphical illustration of a cross-section of a
> double wire multi-layer same-directional winding.
>
> [0029]FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0030]FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0031]FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0032]FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0033]FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0034]FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0035]FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0036]FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0037]FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0038]FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0039]FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0040]FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0041]FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0042]FIG. 29A is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit with core.
>
> [0043]FIG. 29B is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit with core.
>
> [0044]FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit with two cores.
>
> [0045]FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0046]FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit, core, and single wire winding.
>
> [0047]FIG. 33 is a graphical illustration of a multi-layer
> same-directional double wire winding core.
>
> [0048]FIG. 34 is a graphical illustration of double wire winding for a
> shaded motor.
>
> [0049]FIG. 35 is a cross-section depicting the winding for a stator
> motor.
>
> [0050]FIG. 36 is graphical illustration of wiring for a squirrel cage
> motor
>
> [0051]FIG. 37 is a cross-section depicting the wiring for a
> single-phase squirrel motor.
>
> [0052]FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series for the
> single-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0053]FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series and
> parallel for the single-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0054]FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in parallel for the
> single-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0055]FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of circuit with two capacitors
> and a centrifugal switch.
>
> [0056]FIG. 42A is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 0
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0057]FIG. 42B is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 45
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0058]FIG. 42C is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 90
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0059]FIG. 42D is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 135
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0060]FIG. 42E is an illustrative plot of the four-phase clock timing
> waveform.
>
> [0061]FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram of a 4-phase drive motor.
>
> [0062]FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of a 2-phase drive motor.
>
> [0063]FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of a 3-phase drive motor.
>
> [0064]FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment using a light bulb.
>
> [0065]APPENDIX 1 is a graphical illustration of the test setup for
> comparing a conventional single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase
> motor.
>
> [0066]APPENDIX 2 is a detailed description of the test configuration
> and resulting data from comparative tests for the conventional
> single-phase motor and the re-wound single-phase motor of APPENDIX 1.
>
> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
>
> [0067]Throughout the specification, and in the claims, the term
> "connected" means a direct electrical connection between the things
> that are connected, without any intermediary devices. The term
> "coupled" means either a direct electrical connection between the
> things that are connected, or an indirect connection through one or
> more passive or active intermediary devices. The term "circuit" means
> one or more passive and/or active components that are arranged to
> cooperate with one another to provide a desired function. The term
> "signal" means at least one current signal, voltage signal,
> electromagnetic wave signal, or data signal The meaning of "a", "an",
> and "the" include both singular and plural references. The meaning of
> "in" includes "in" and "on".
>
> [0068]Overview
>
> [0069]Briefly stated, the present disclosure is related to an
> apparatus, system, and method of circuits and windings for
> electromagnetic power used to drive inductors, motors, generators, or
> any electromagnetic power source.
>
> [0070]Electric power consumption for the electromagnetic power source
> is reduced yielding increased power conservation on the order of 150%
> to 200% more energy conservation than those conventionally available.
> One example system includes a capacitor, an inductor, and a power line
> that are arranged in a series parallel combination tank circuit that
> operates over four quarters of a complete cycle. During the first
> quarter cycle: power is applied to the tank circuit, current flows
> through the inductor to the capacitor, current is stored in the
> inductor, and the capacitor is charged. During the second quarter cycle;
>
> [0071]current is released from the inductor as the capacitor
> discharges current to another parallel inductor or resistive load.
> During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the
> opposite direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from
> the capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the
> inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in
> the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or
> resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor
> releases current to incoming power line.
>
> [0072]FIGS. 1A-D are block diagrams that provide an overview of the
> present disclosure. FIG. 1A illustrates that the circuits discussed
> herein may be directly connected to a standard outlet if there is no
> need to control the speed of the motor. FIG. 1B illustrates that a
> conventional H-bridge drive may be used to provide the AC electrical
> output for any of the circuits discussed herein. FIG. 1C illustrates
> that the Electric Power Source may be an inverting DC electric power
> input used in conjunction with an inductive winding. FIG. 1D
> illustrates that an improved drive circuit, using two H-bridge drives,
> may be used to convert AC input electric power source into AC
> electrical output. The circuits described include an inductor or
> motor/generator with an inductive winding; and a capacitor or
> condenser. A conventional single-wire winding or double-wire winding,
> which is winding multiple layers in one direction, may be used with
> the presently described apparatus. Examples of the motors that may be
> used as the inductive windings will also be discussed.
>
> [0073]Unlike the conventional series or parallel separate circuits,
> the present disclosure uses a series parallel combination tank circuit
> that is designed to utilize resonance theory, where the exchange of
> energy between the capacitor and inductor results in increased power
> output. The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and
> backward direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from
> one inductor to another inductor or resistive load two times: one in
> the forward direction and one in the backward direction. Current flows
> in and out of a coil of the inductor such that an electromagnetic
> force of power is created that can be used for various applications.
>
> [0074]The presently disclosed invention may be used with many
> different electro-mechanical apparatus including, but not limited to:
> steel-laminated core motors, shaded motors, stator motors, induction
> motors, single-phase motors, and multi-phase motors, to name a few.
>
> [0075]Evaluated Circuits, Theories, and Topologies
>
> [0076]A variety of conventional electrical resonant circuits have been
> identified and evaluated in contemplation of the present disclosure.
> One example conventional electro-magnetic machine is described in U.S.
> Pat. No. 4,959,573 to Roberts, which describes a single-phase
> dynamo-electric machine that can be a motor or generator that has
> regulated magnetic symmetry. Such resonant circuits can be formed from
> capacitors and inductors. Capacitors store energy in the form of an
> electric field, and electrically manifest that stored energy as a
> potential that is measurable as a voltage. Inductors store energy in
> the form of a magnetic field, and electrically manifest that stored
> energy as a kinetic motion of electrons that is measurable as a
> current. Capacitors and inductors can be arranged to store and release
> energy in complementary modes with a process that resembles the
> movement of a mechanical pendulum.
>
> [0077]A capacitor and inductor can be arranged in a resonant circuit.
> For such circuits, resonance occurs as the result of the collapsing
> magnetic field of the inductor generating an electric current in its
> windings that charges the capacitor and the discharging capacitor
> provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the
> inductor. The capacitor and inductor components will exchange energy
> back and forth between each other when either the capacitor or
> inductor starts out in a charged state. The exchange of energy results
> in the creating of AC voltages and currents for each respective
> component. The instantaneous application of voltage to the resonant
> circuit will result in the rapid charging of the capacitor, while the
> inductor will oppose the instantaneous change in current, leaving the
> capacitor in the charged state and the inductor in the discharged state.
>
> [0078]The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, system, and
> method that encompass much more than a single motor or generator. The
> present disclosure describes a complete system for energy-efficiency
> that uses resonance in a combined series/parallel circuit, two
> inductors/motors/generators, and can output to a resistive load or
> resistor. Evaluated conventional designs are not as energy-efficient.
> Unlike the evaluated conventional designs, the present disclosure's
> combined parallel and series circuit, windings, and balanced inductor
> and capacitor arrangements conserve more energy. The same power input
> that normally powers one motor in the conventional art, can now power
> two motors/inductors.
>
> [0079]In the present disclosure, current flows through the windings
> and charges the capacitor. At 90 degrees, there is no current flowing
> and the capacitor discharges into the inductor. At 180 degrees, the
> current is flowing from the opposite direction and charges the
> capacitor. At 270 degrees, there is no current flowing and the
> capacitor discharges into the inductor.
>
> [0080]Electric Power Source
>
> [0081]FIGS. 2-4 illustrate example drive circuits that can utilize
> either an AC input source, or a DC input source as may be desired. A
> drive provides the excitation that causes an electrical motor to operate.
>
> [0082]FIG. 2A illustrates a conventional inverter circuit that uses an
> H-bridge to convert DC power to AC Power. For example, a H-Bridge
> drive can be used in cars to convert battery power to AC power. AC
> power is applied to the input (AC IN) of a converter (e.g., a
> rectifier, a half-wave rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a
> single-phase rectifier, a multi-phase rectifier, a DC voltage
> regulator, a single-phase converter, a multi-phase converter, a
> pulse-width modulator converter, etc.). The converter is arranged to
> convert the AC input power to a DC power supply voltage (e.g., HI_DC
> and LO_DC, where HI_DC corresponds to the high power supply potential
> and LO_DC corresponds to the low power supply potential).
>
> [0083]A driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged to selectively activate
> portions of the H-bridge driver to create a pulsed output signal. The
> driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged in cooperation with a timer
> control circuit (TIMER) to control the actuation of various switching
> mechanisms in the H-bridge circuit to adjust the various pulse widths
> of the AC output of the inverter.
>
> [0084]The timing control circuit (TIMER) is responsive to a clock
> signal (CLOCK) to provide timing control signals to the driver circuit
> (DRIVER). The driver circuit is arranged to provide control signals to
> the H-bridge circuit such that the cycle-time for the actuation of
> each switching mechanism in the H-bridge driver circuit provides a
> desired AC output signal at the AC OUT terminals.
>
> [0085]An example H-bridge circuit may include four transistors such as
> transistors Q1P, Q1M, Q2P, and Q2M. Transistor Q1P is an P-type
> bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that includes an emitter that is
> coupled to HI_DC, a collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 1,
> and a base that is coupled to signal CTL1P. Transistor Q1M is an
> N-type BJT that includes a collector that is coupled to terminal AC
> OUT 2, an emitter that is coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled
> to signal CTL1M. Transistor Q2P is a P-type BJT that includes a
> collector that is coupled to HI_DC, a emitter that is coupled to AC
> OUT 2, and a base that is coupled to signal CTL2P. Transistor Q2M is a
> N-type BJT that includes a collector that is coupled to terminal AC
> OUT 1, an emitter that is coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled
> to signal CTL2M. Depending on the device needed, four N-type (NPN)
> transistors or two N-type and two P-type or Darlington type
> transistors may be used.
>
> [0086]The timer circuit cooperates with the driver circuit to provide
> signals CTL1P, CTL2P, CTL1M and CTL2M. Transistors Q1P and Q1M are
> selectively activated to generate a positive pulse between terminals
> AC OUT 1 and AC OUT 2, while transistors Q2P and Q2M are selectively
> activated to generate a negative pulse between terminals AC OUT 1 and
> AC OUT 2. The combination of the positive and negative pulses yields
> an AC output signal between terminals AC OUT 1 and AC OUT 2. The AC
> electrical output can connect to any of the circuits discussed herein.
> In FIG. 2B, the timing waveform for the H-Bridge Drive is compared
> with the clock signal.
>
> [0087]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram that illustrates a DC drive
> circuit. The drive circuit includes four transistors (Q1P, Q2P, Q1M,
> and Q2M), six rectifiers (RCT1-RCT6), a double wire winding (D), and a
> capacitor (C). The four transistors are arranged to operate in a
> similar manner as the H-bridge driver of FIG. 2A. The physical wiring
> for the double wire winding is explained in the section, "Double Wire
> Winding." Current is traveling through the first winding of the
> double-wire winding (iD1) and current is traveling through the second
> winding of the double-wire winding (iD2).
>
> [0088]As shown in FIG. 3A, the driver is separated for two inverting
> DC power to drive each winding of the double wire winding (D) in
> opposite directions. Transistors Q1M and Q1P are activated during a
> first half cycle relative to the input signal, and deactivated during
> a second half cycle. Similarly, transistors Q2M and Q2P are activated
> in the second half cycle and deactivated during the first half cycle.
>
> [0089]When the power is on during the first half cycle, transistors
> Q1M and Q1P are active and an electrical current (iD1) flows through
> from Q1M through the first winding of the double wire winding (D) to
> Q1P until the end of the cycle. During the off-cycle, transistors Q1P
> and Q1M are off and the stored electrical current from the first
> winding (iD1) discharges through the first rectifier (RCT1) and the
> second rectifier (RCT2) to the capacitor (C), charging the capacitor (C).
>
> [0090]During the second half cycle, Q2M and Q2P act the same as
> described for Q1M and Q1P. The current (iD2) flows from Q2M through
> the second winding of the double-wire winding (D) to Q2P. During the
> off-cycle, transistors Q2P and Q2M are off and the stored electrical
> current from the second winding discharges through the third rectifier
> (RCT3) and the fourth rectifier (RCT4) to the capacitor (C), charging
> the capacitor (C). Unlike the AC power input described in FIG. 2A, the
> DC drive circuit illustrated in FIG. 3A does not connect to the other
> circuits discussed herein. The inductive winding in FIG. 3A, however,
> may be replaced by the motors discussed herein.
>
> [0091]As shown in FIG. 3B, the transistors Q1P and Q1M are active in
> the first half of the charging cycle and the transistors Q2P and Q2M
> are active in the second half of the charging cycle. Likewise, the
> third and fourth rectifiers (RCT3, RCT4) charge the capacitor in the
> first half of the charging cycle and the first and second rectifiers
> (RCT1, RCT2) charge the capacitor in the second half of the charging
> cycle. Therefore, the capacitor is charged twice in one complete
> cycle. The current returns to the power source when the capacitor
> voltage is the same as the input power source (VDC). FIG. 3B compares
> the currents iD1 and iD2 against the signals provided and voltage in
> the capacitor with respect to time.
>
> [0092]FIG. 4A shows an improved drive circuit, using two H-Bridge
> drives with circuit options for Drive 1 and Drive 2. Unlike the AC
> power input described in FIG. 2A, the improved drive circuit
> illustrated in FIG. 4A does not connect to the other circuits
> discussed herein. The inductive windings in FIG. 4A, however, may be
> replaced by the motors discussed herein. In FIG. 4B, there are two
> circuit options for Drive 1. The first option is a single wire winding
> (D) coupled in series to the capacitor (C1); said capacitor (C1) is
> coupled in parallel to a full-wave rectifier that is coupled in
> parallel to a capacitor (C2) or battery, as shown in Option 1. A
> second option is a double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to a
> full-wave rectifier that is coupled in parallel with a capacitor (C),
> as shown in Option 2. In FIG. 4C, there are three options for Drive 2.
> The first option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to
> the capacitor (C), as shown in Option 1. The second option is a double
> wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C), as shown in
> Option 2. The third option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in
> series to capacitor (C), as shown in Option 3.
>
> [0093]In the two H-Bridge Drive, a converter is arranged to convert AC
> input power to a DC power supply, the DRIVER is arranged to
> selectively activate portions of the first bridge drive, and the TIMER
> controls the actuation of various switching for the first bridge
> drive, as previously discussed for a conventional H-bridge drive. DC
> power is input through H bridge drive 1 to drive the inductive winding
> (D). The rectifier then converts AC power to DC power to charge
> capacitor (C2) (or battery) and a second DRIVER and second TIMER
> provides the DC power input to H bridge drive 2, which drives another
> circuit with inductive winding (D) to yield an AC output signal as
> discussed above.
>
> [0094]Inductive Winding for Inductor, Motor, or Generator
>
> [0095]When wire is wound into a coil configuration, the current
> flowing in the coil produces a magnetic field around the coil. In the
> present disclosure, wire may be wound around a core (which produces
> the inductor), in the stator of a motor, or in the windings of a
> generator. The motor's coils will be referred by the term "windings".
>
> [0096]According to the present disclosure, single or double wire
> windings may be used for the inductive winding, depending on the power
> output needed. The inductive winding may be connected in series or
> parallel as discussed herein. One skilled in the art will appreciate
> that various folds may be made to the inductor, stator in the motor,
> or windings in the generator without departing from the spirit and
> scope of the present invention.
>
> [0097]Example Circuits
>
> [0098]Illustrative examples of electric circuits in accordance with
> the system will be described in detail below. As it will be apparent
> to one skilled in the art, however, the present disclosure is in no
> way limited to the illustrated embodiment or implementation.
>
> [0099]The following key shall be used for the circuit drawings:
>
> TABLE-US-00001 Symbol Description IN Electric Power In C Capacitor or
> Condenser D Inductive Winding (can be inductor, stator of motor, or
> windings in generator) R Resistive Load T Transformer W Winding
>
> [0100]In addition, the symbols + and - in the figures show the
> direction of current flow in the windings.
>
> [0101]FIG. 5 shows a conventional series circuit. FIG. 6 shows a
> conventional parallel circuit.
>
> [0102]In the present disclosure, the power output for the
> electromechanical device is increased by utilizing resonance theory.
> For example, in the series and combination circuit shown in FIG. 7,
> the wire in the inductive winding (D2) has two ends. One end of the
> wire connects to the second incoming AC power line node 10 and the
> other end is connected in series to one of two capacitor wires 12. The
> second capacitor wire connects to the first AC power line node 14. At
> the same time, two of the capacitor wires (16, 18) connect in parallel
> to another inductor (D1) or a resistive load (see FIG. 8), for example
> a light bulb.
>
> [0103]When the power is applied, during the first quarter of cycle, 0
> to 90 degrees, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor. As
> the capacitor is charged, current is stored in the inductor. During
> the second quarter of cycle, 90 to 180 degrees, current releases from
> the inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel
> inductor or resistive load. During the third quarter of cycle, 180 to
> 270 degrees, current flows in the capacitor from the opposite
> direction, as the capacitor is charged at the same time. Current
> pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power line as current is
> stored in the inductor. During the fourth quarter of the power cycle,
> 270 to 360 degrees, the capacitor discharges in the opposite
> direction, and current parallel to another inductor or resistive load
> flows in the opposite direction and the inductor releases current to
> incoming power line. One power cycle is completed.
>
> [0104]The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and
> backward direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from
> inductor to another inductor or resistive load two times: one in the
> forward direction and one in the backward direction. When current
> flows in and out of a coil of the inductor, it creates an
> electromagnetic force of power that can be used for various applications.
>
> [0105]When incoming power is applied to the device, current stored in
> and out of the inductor charges the capacitor and the capacitor
> discharges to another inductor or resistive load. At the same time,
> there is voltage across the inductor. The voltage across the capacitor
> and the voltage across the inductor connected in parallel to the
> capacitor are equal.
>
> [0106]There is voltage across the inductor connected in series to the
> capacitor and there is voltage across the inductor connected in
> parallel to the capacitor. Since Power=voltage.times.current, a single
> power input produces two branches of electromagnetic power output,
> increasing the power output. In the alternative, the present
> disclosure may have one electromagnetic power output with less energy
> input.
>
> [0107]Single Wire Winding
>
> [0108]FIGS. 7 through 13 illustrate circuits using single wire
> windings. FIG. 7 shows a series and parallel combination circuit. Two
> windings are coupled to the capacitor (C), one in series (D2) and one
> in parallel (D1). FIG. 8 shows the winding (D) coupled in series to
> the capacitor (C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a
> resistive load (R). FIG. 9 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with a
> capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and the capacitor (C)
> coupled in parallel to a high resistive load (R). When power is
> stopped, the capacitor discharges to the resistor for safety reasons.
> FIG. 10 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with capacitor (C) coupled in
> between in series and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a low
> resistive load (R). FIG. 11 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with
> capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and the capacitor (C)
> coupled in parallel to another capacitor (C2) series coupled to a (R)
> resistive load. FIG. 12 shows two cores (Core 1 and Core 2) with
> capacitor (C) coupled in between in series, and capacitor (C) coupled
> in parallel to a single wire winding (D). FIG. 13 shows two windings
> (D1 and D2) coupled with capacitor (C) in between in series and the
> capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a transformer (T).
>
> [0109]Double Wire Winding
>
> [0110]In the preferred embodiment, double wire winding is used for the
> inductive winding. In the conventional art, wiring is done in opposite
> directions. The present disclosure conserves energy by wiring in a
> common direction FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 illustrate double wire winding.
> The figures show how two wires are wrapped around the core in the same
> direction. As soon as the end of the core is reached, the wires are
> brought straight back to the starting position and wrapped in the same
> direction again. The wiring is done in multiple layers.
>
> [0111]The two wires used to create a double wire winding are labeled
> Wire A and Wire B with the associated - or + sign to indicate the
> direction of current flow. In the figures to follow, the labels "A+,
> A-, B+, and B-" will be used to illustrate how the double wire winding
> is connected to the incoming power line and the capacitor. The
> negative (-) end of Wire B (B-) should be connected to the first
> incoming power line node and the negative (-) end of Wire A (A-)
> should be connected to the second incoming power line node. The
> positive (+) ends of Wire A (A+) and Wire B (B+) should be connected
> to the capacitor.
>
> [0112]FIGS. 16 through 32 illustrate circuits using double wire
> windings. FIG. 16 shows the incoming AC or inverting pulsating power
> connected to a double wire winding (D) coupled to a capacitor (C).
> FIG. 17 shows the double wire winding coupled in series. FIG. 18 shows
> a double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C) and
> the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to another double wire winding
> (D2). FIG. 19 shows the double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to
> the capacitor (C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to
> resistive load (R). FIG. 20 shows double wire winding (D) coupled in
> parallel to a capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel with
> a full-wave rectifier, which converts alternating current (AC) to
> direct current (DC), the full-wave rectifier coupled in parallel with
> capacitor (C2) or battery, and capacitor (C2) coupled in parallel with
> a resistive load (R). FIG. 21 shows the double wire winding (D)
> coupled in parallel to the capacitor (C), the capacitor (C) coupled in
> parallel to the primary transformer and the secondary transformer
> output coupled in parallel to a resistive load (R). FIG. 22 shows
> double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C1),
> capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2), double
> wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C2) and capacitor
> (C2) coupled in parallel to (R) resistive load. FIG. 23 shows a double
> wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C1), capacitor
> (C1) coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2), double wire
> winding (D2) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C2), and capacitor (C2)
> is coupled in parallel to single wire winding (D3). FIG. 24 shows
> double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C),
> capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2), double
> wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to the primary transformer and
> the secondary transformer output coupled in parallel to a resistive
> load (R).
>
> [0113]FIG. 25 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to
> the capacitor (C), capacitor (C) coupled in series with resistive load
> (R) or capacitor (C2) and this combination coupled in parallel to
> double wire winding (D2). FIG. 26 shows double wire winding (D1) and
> double wire winding (D2) each parallel wired together. Double wire
> winding (D1) is coupled in series to the capacitor (C), capacitor (C)
> is coupled in series to double wire winding (D2), and capacitor (C) is
> coupled in parallel to a high resistive resistor (R), which is added
> to release current when the incoming power stops. FIG. 27 shows double
> wire winding (D1) and double wire winding (D2) each parallel wired
> together. Double wire winding (D1) is coupled in series to capacitor
> (C1) and capacitor (C1) is coupled in parallel to double wire winding
> (D2). Double wire winding (D1) may also be coupled in parallel with
> capacitor (C2). FIG. 28 shows double wire winding (D) parallel wired
> together and coupled in series to capacitor (C). Capacitor (C) is
> coupled in parallel to resistive load (R).
>
> [0114]FIG. 29A shows a double wire winding core that is either series
> or parallel connected to itself, coupled in series with the capacitor
> (C), and capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to winding (D). FIG. 29B
> shows a winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor (C) and
> capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a double wire winding core that
> is either series or parallel connected to itself. FIG. 30 shows two
> double wire winding cores either series or parallel connected to
> itself with a capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and capacitor
> (c) coupled in parallel to singe wire winding (D).
>
> [0115]FIG. 31 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to
> capacitor (C1) and capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to single wire
> winding (D2). FIG. 32 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in
> parallel to capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in series to
> capacitor (C2) and double wire winding core (Core), and this
> combination coupled in parallel to single wire winding (D2).
>
> [0116]Steel-Laminated Core
>
> [0117]FIG. 33 depicts a steel-laminated core with double wire winding
> in multiple layers in a common direction. The two wires used to create
> a double wire winding are labeled Wire A and Wire B with the
> associated - or + sign to indicate the direction of current flow. The
> circuit diagrams in FIG. 33 illustrate how the double wire winding
> should be connected to the incoming power line when a core is used. If
> the wires are connected in series, the negative (-) end of Wire B (B-)
> is connected to the first incoming power line node, the positive (+)
> end of Wire B (B+) is connected to the positive (+) end of Wire A
> (A+), and the negative (-) end of Wire A is connected to the second
> incoming power line node. If the wires are connected in parallel, the
> positive (+) end of Wire A (A+) and the negative (-) end of Wire B
> (B-) is connected to the first incoming power line node and the
> negative (-) end of Wire A (A-) and the positive (+) end of Wire B
> (B+) is connected to the second incoming power line node.
>
> [0118]The core, as used in the circuits described above, is not used
> as an inductor. The core increases power to the other
> inductor/motor/generator (D) shown in the drawings.
>
> [0119]Motor/Generator Examples
>
> [0120]Any of the motors described below can be used as the inductive
> windings shown in the previous circuit drawings. These are
> illustrative examples and one skilled in the art will recognize that
> modifications to the motors can be made, depending on the power output
> desired.
>
> [0121]One skilled in the art will also recognize that any of the
> motors discussed herein may be converted into a generator, which
> converts mechanical motion into electrical energy, if torque is
> applied to the rotor and the device is driven above synchronous speed.
> The present disclosure is meant to encompass the use of a generator as
> well.
>
> [0122]Shaded Motor
>
> [0123]FIG. 34 illustrates a shaded motor with double wire winding in
> multiple layers in one direction. The motor can be connected in series
> or parallel to drive itself or connect to any of the above circuit
> drawings.
>
> [0124]Stator Motor
>
> [0125]FIG. 35 illustrates four winding groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4),
> each wrapped around a post in the stator motor. Winding Groups 1 (W1)
> and 3 (W3) are connected to the capacitor (C) in series. Winding Group
> 2 (W2) and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with the
> positive ends of W2 and W4 connected together. The negative ends of
> this combination are connected in parallel to the capacitor.
>
> [0126]For any phase, if the wiring is reversed, the motor will turn in
> the opposite direction, counter-clockwise. For example, if Winding
> Group 2 (W2) and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with
> their negative ends connected together, and the positive ends of this
> combination are connected in parallel with the capacitor, the motor
> will rotate counter-clockwise.
>
> [0127]Single Phase Wiring
>
> [0128]For single-phase wiring, there are four major winding groups
> (W1, W2, W3, and W4). Each winding group has sub-groups and one
> skilled in the art will appreciate that the actual number of
> sub-groups may be varied depending upon the motor's physical size,
> horsepower and rotational speed. Each sub-group has a few hundred to
> thousands of turns of winding wire.
>
> [0129]FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are diagrams of single-phase wiring in a
> squirrel cage motor or permanent magnet rotor, illustrating how the
> coils for each sub-group are wrapped around the teeth or slot. Each
> winding group has three sub-groups (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B,
> 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C). FIG. 36A is a diagram of the cross section for
> wiring. FIG. 36B shows the side view of wiring for one group. Although
> a squirrel cage motor is depicted, this is merely one example of the
> type of motors that may be used. For example, a motor with permanent
> magnets may also be used.
>
> [0130]FIG. 37 is a schematic for the cross-section of the wiring for a
> single-phase motor. There are twenty four (24 slots) shown for twelve
> sub-groups. For each sub-group, the wire is wound in each stator slot
> and wire is wound in the same direction from negative to positive out.
> One skilled in the art will appreciate that the actual number of
> stator slots may be varied depending upon the motor's physical size,
> horsepower and rotational speed.
>
> [0131]FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of the present disclosure for
> single-phase motors with the sub-groups connected in series. FIG. 38
> shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the negative
> end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the negative end of
> 1B connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A, 3B, and 3C are
> also connected in series, with the positive end of 3A connected to the
> negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B connected to the
> negative end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is connected to the first
> power line node and the positive end of W3 is connected in series to
> the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also series connected to the
> positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1 is connected to the
> second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected in
> series, with the positive end of 4A connected to the negative end of
> 4B and the positive end of 4B is connected to the negative end of 4C.
> Sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C are also connected in series, with the
> negative end of 2A connected to the positive end of 2B and the
> negative end of 2B connected to the positive end of 2C. The positive
> end of W2 and W4 are connected in series. This combination is
> connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), with the negative ends of
> W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor.
>
> [0132]FIG. 39 illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure
> for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups for W1 and W3 connected
> in series and the sub-groups for W2 and W4 connected in parallel. FIG.
> 39 shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the
> negative end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the
> negative end of 1B connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A,
> 3B, and 3C are also connected in series, with the positive end of 3A
> connected to the negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B
> connected to the negative end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is
> connected to the first power line node and the positive end of W3 is
> connected in series to the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also
> series connected to the positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1
> is connected to the second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C
> are connected in series with sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive
> end of 2A is connected in series to the positive end of 4A, the
> positive end 2B is connected in series to the positive end of 4B, and
> the positive end of 2C is connected in series with the positive end of
> 4C. The negative ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are connected together. The
> negative ends of 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected together. This
> combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), with the
> negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor (C).
>
> [0133]FIG. 40 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present
> disclosure for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups connected in
> parallel. FIG. 40 shows subgroup 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together in
> parallel, with the positive ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together
> and the negative ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together. Subgroups
> 3A, 3B, and 3C are also connected together in parallel, with the
> positive ends of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together and the negative
> ends of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together. The negative end of W3 is
> connected to the first power line node and the positive end of W3 is
> connected in series to the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also
> series connected to the positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1
> is connected to the second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C
> are connected in series with sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive
> end of 2A is connected in series to the positive end of 4A, the
> positive end 2B is connected in series to the positive end of 4B, and
> the positive end of 2C is connected in series with the positive end of
> 4C. The negative ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are connected together. The
> negative ends of 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected together. This
> combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), with the
> negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor (C)
>
> [0134]FIG. 41 shows how the circuit can be modified to provide more
> torque for staring the device, using two capacitors (C1 and C2), four
> inductive windings (D1, D2, D3, and D4), and a centrifugal switch. C2,
> the bigger capacitor, can be added in parallel to C1 and the
> centrifugal switch can control the starting time and turn of C2.
>
> [0135]Multi-Phase Motor
>
> [0136]FIGS. 42A through 42D, combined, illustrate the cross-section
> for the windings of a multi-phase motor or generator and the sequence
> in which the coils are energized in order to cause the permanent
> magnet attached to the rotor to rotate. The multi-phase motor or
> generator includes four phases, each 45 degrees apart: 0 degrees, 45
> degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees and there are four winding groups
> for each phase (W1, W2, W3, and W4).
>
> [0137]For clarification purposes, each phase for the multiphase motor
> or generator is shown in a separate figure, although all four phases
> are located within the motor or generator. For each phase, there are
> four winding groups and two of the winding groups are formed from
> combining two subgroups. Each sub-group has a few hundred to thousands
> of turns of winding wire.
>
> [0138]FIGS. 42A through 42D illustrate how the winding groups for each
> phase are wrapped around the teeth or slot. For each winding group,
> the wire is wound in each stator slot and wire is wound in the same
> direction from negative to positive out. There are twenty four slots
> (S1 through S24); although one skilled in the art will appreciate that
> the actual number of stator slots may be varied depending upon the
> motor's physical size, horsepower and rotational speed.
>
> [0139]FIG. 42A illustrates the winding groups for Phase Group 0
> degrees. W1 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to S12, which
> forms the first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S2 to slot
> S11, which forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined
> to form W1. W2 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S9 to slot S16. W3
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S13 to slot S24, which forms the
> first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S14 to slot S23,
> which forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to
> form W3. W4 is formed from wrapping wire from slot S4 to slot S21.
>
> [0140]FIG. 42B shows the winding groups for Phase Group 45 degrees. W1
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S4 to S15, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S5 to slot S14, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S12 to slot S19. W3 is formed by
> wrapping wire from slot S2 to slot S17, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S3 to slot S16, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4
> is formed from wrapping wire from slot S7 to slot S24.
>
> [0141]FIG. 42C shows the winding groups for Phase Group 90 degrees. W1
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S7 to S18, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S8 to slot S17, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S15 to slot S22. W3 is formed by
> wrapping wire from slot S5 to slot S20, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S6 to slot S19, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4
> is formed from wrapping wire from slot S3 to slot S10.
>
> [0142]FIG. 42D shows the winding groups for Phase Group 135 degrees.
> W1 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S10 to S21, which forms the
> first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S11 to slot S20,
> which forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to
> form W1. W2 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to slot S18. W3 is
> formed by wrapping wire from slot S8 to slot S23, which forms the
> first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S9 to slot S22, which
> forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form
> W3. W4 is formed from wrapping wire from slot S6 to slot S13.
>
> [0143]The timing waveform for each phase, represented by a different
> design pattern, is shown in FIG. 42E. For each phase, the current
> flows at 0 degrees (on time) and then stops at 90 degrees (off time),
> then current flows in the opposite direction at 180 degrees (on time)
> and then stops at 270 degrees (off time).
>
> [0144]Connection of Motor to Capacitor
>
> [0145]FIG. 43 is a schematic of a 4-phase drive motor. Each phase
> group of the multiphase wire windings, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90
> degrees, and 135 degrees, connects to a capacitor (C). For each phase
> group, W1 and W3 are connected in series to the capacitor. W2 is
> connected in series to W4 and this combination is connected in
> parallel to the capacitor. The details of the wiring for a
> single-phase are discussed above.
>
> [0146]FIG. 44 illustrates how the four-phase drive motor can be
> converted into a two-phase motor or two-phase power output. Phase
> group 0 degrees and Phase group 45 degrees are combined and Phase
> group 90 degrees and Phase group 135 degrees are combined. The
> negative ends of W3 for Phase group 0 degrees and W3 for Phase group
> 45 degrees are connected together and this combination is then
> connected to the first incoming power line node. The negative ends of
> W1 for Phase group 0 degrees and W1 for Phase group 45 degrees are
> connected together and this combination is connected to the second
> incoming power line node. Likewise, the negative ends of W3 for Phase
> group 90 degrees and W3 for Phase group 135 degrees are connected
> together and this combination is then connected to the first incoming
> power line node. The negative ends of W1 for Phase group 90 degrees
> and W1 for Phase group 135 degrees are connected together and this
> combination is connected to the second incoming power line node.
>
> [0147]FIG. 45 is a schematic of a 3-phase drive motor. Each phase
> group, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, connects to a capacitor
> (c). For each phase group, W1 and W3 are connected in series to the
> capacitor. W2 is connected in series to W4 and this combination is
> connected in parallel to the capacitor. The details of the wiring for
> a single-phase are discussed above
>
> [0148]Light Bulb Energy Conservation
>
> [0149]FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure that
> conserves light bulb energy. In a test conducted, on Nov. 16, 1998, a
> light bulb was installed according to the schematic disclosed in FIG.
> 46 and is still running seven years later.
>
> [0150]Since Apparent Power (VA)=Current (A).times.Voltage (V), the
> calculations below illustrate energy conservation for a 60 W light
> bulb. The voltage applied at the power input is 115 V. The apparent
> power for the Power Input Line (Line PIN) is measured at 126.5 VA. The
> apparent power measured for the shed motor fan is 126.5 VA and the
> apparent power measured for the light bulb is 65 VA. Therefore, 126 VA
> is measured at the input and a total of 191.5 VA is measured at the
> output, indicating an approximately 1.5 gain Calculations are also
> shown for the energy savings for a 75W Bulb.
>
> [0151]60 W Bulb
>
> [0152]Line PIN=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA
>
> [0153]Light Bulb=0.52 A.times.125V=65 VA
>
> [0154]Shed Motor=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA
>
> [0155]Gain=(126.5 VA+65 VA)/126.5 VA=1.513 times
>
> [0156]75 W Bulb
>
> [0157]Line PIN=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA
>
> [0158]Light Bulb=0.57 A.times.100V=60.42 VA
>
> [0159]Shed Motor Fan=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA
>
> [0160]Gain=(111.55 VA+60.42 VA)/111.55=1.54 times
>
> [0161]Or
>
> [0162]Shed Motor Fan=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA
>
> [0163]Light Bulb=60 W
>
> [0164]Gain=(126.5 VA+60 VA)/111.55 VA=1.67 times
>
> Example Comparison Between Conventional Single-Phase Motor and
> Re-Wound Single-Phase Motor
>
> [0165]Appendix 1 illustrates the test setup for comparing a
> conventional single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase motor.
>
> [0166]Appendix 2 describes the test configuration and resulting data
> from the comparative tests. The tables compare the performance of a
> conventional Central Machinery Bench Grinder single-phase motor model
> #39798, 3450 rpm (already considered an energy-efficient motor),
> versus the same motor rewound using the inventive features of the
> present disclosure. The single-phase motor is rewound using four major
> winding groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4) with four sub-groups for W1 and W3
> and two sub-groups for W2 and W4, connected in series, as discussed
> above for wiring in series for a single-phase motor. FIG. 38 may be
> used as a guide, although there are three sub-groups for W1, W2, W3,
> and W4 shown.
>
> [0167]The tests do not provide figures for the true power consumption
> of the conventional motor and re-wound motor, but a comparison of the
> data between the two motors shows that the re-wound motor conserves
> more energy. For example, the Line PIN of the conventional motor on
> load is measured at 345 VA and the power output measured is at 373.75
> VA, whereas the Line PIN of the re-wound motor on load is measured at
> 184 VA and the power output measured is at 361 VA. The data
> illustrates that much less energy is consumed to generate a similar
> mechanical power output in the re-wound motor.
>
> [0168]In general, the presently described apparatus, system and
> methods conserve energy by utilizing resonance theory in a system that
> includes a motor and an electric circuit. The resonance in the
> electric circuit occurs at a particular frequency when the inductive
> reactance and the capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude, causing
> electrical energy to oscillate between the magnetic field of the
> inductor and the electric field of the capacitor. Although the
> preceding description describes various embodiments of the system, the
> present disclosure is not limited to such embodiments, but rather
> covers all modifications, alternatives, and equivalents that fall
> within the spirit and scope of the invention. Since many embodiments
> can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
> invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
>
> * * * * *
> Best Regards
> Stefan Sundström
>
>  Mick, I thought of this Patent Application when you guys were
> discussing the Ron Brandt wiring of the slots. I can see Knoe Going
> Nuts! Lol
>
> On 11/15/2018 12:18 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Hi Norm,
>>
>> How did you locate that application, what were you searching for?
>>
>> Odd way to wire a transformer but I like the pair of H bridges
>> working against each other for power correction.
>>
>> Do not have time yet to study it in depth, what is your opinion of
>> the most salient points?
>>
>>
>>
>> On 11/15/2018 9:45 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>  
>>>
>>> Please review this Patent.
>>>
>>> United States Patent Application 20070296373
>>> Kind Code A1
>>> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>>> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in
>>> Motor, Generator, and Product Components
>>>
>>> Abstract
>>> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series
>>> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters
>>> of a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is
>>> applied to the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to
>>> the capacitor, current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor
>>> is charged. During the second quarter cycle; current is released
>>> from the inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another
>>> parallel inductor or resistive load. During a third quarter cycle:
>>> current flows in the capacitor from the opposite direction, the
>>> capacitor is charged, current pushes out from the capacitor to the
>>> incoming power line, and current is stored in the inductor. During
>>> the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in the opposite
>>> direction, current parallel to another inductor or resistive load
>>> flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor releases current
>>> to incoming power line.
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>>> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
>>> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
>>> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
>>> STUDIO CITY
>>> CA
>>> 91604-1260
>>> US
>>>
>>> Serial No.: 426571
>>> Series Code: 11
>>> Filed: June 26, 2006
>>>
>>> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
>>> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
>>> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/15/2018 10:51 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>  
>>>>
>>>> Sven,
>>>>
>>>> Excellent work!
>>>>
>>>> I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30
>>>> volts or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps,
>>>> and blew some very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000
>>>> amp so I imagine you have gone through your share of silicon parts.
>>>> At least the TVS diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the
>>>> pulse width adjustment.
>>>>
>>>> What is your reactive power/input power ?
>>>>
>>>> How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in
>>>> capacitors?
>>>> If you have rotoverter use like this -
>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>  
>>>>>
>>>>> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull
>>>>> inverter for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz
>>>>> 650Hz is fully adjustable and the pulse width.
>>>>> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works
>>>>> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V
>>>>> peaks. I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and
>>>>> this one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum
>>>>> housing and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all
>>>>> gone. By shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in
>>>>> the lines apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets
>>>>> are very hot although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off
>>>>> voltage at the drain increases in the kilovolt range when the
>>>>> transverter is connected. The complete line to Transverter is also
>>>>> shielded. I now wanted to build an Energy Recovery Snubber to
>>>>> recycle that energy. First test show that you can drive the
>>>>> transverter so much more efficient. I have to build this inverter
>>>>> even more reliable or change.
>>>>> Best regards
>>>>> Sven
>>>>>
>

Please review this Patent.

United States Patent Application 20070296373
Kind Code A1
Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007

----------------------------------------------------------
Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in Motor, 
Generator, and Product Components

Abstract
A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series parallel 
combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of a complete 
cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to the tank 
circuit, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor, current is 
stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is charged. During the second 
quarter cycle; current is released from the inductor as the capacitor 
discharges current to another parallel inductor or resistive load. 
During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the 
opposite direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from 
the capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in 
the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or 
resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor 
releases current to incoming power line.

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Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
STUDIO CITY
CA
91604-1260
US

Serial No.: 426571
Series Code: 11
Filed: June 26, 2006

U.S. Current Class: 318/727
U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24


On 11/15/2018 10:51 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Sven,
>
> Excellent work!
>
> I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30 
> volts or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps, and 
> blew some very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000 amp so 
> I imagine you have gone through your share of silicon parts. At least 
> the TVS diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the pulse width 
> adjustment.
>
> What is your reactive power/input power ?
>
> How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in capacitors?
> If you have rotoverter use like this -
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser
>
>
> On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull inverter 
>> for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz 650Hz is fully 
>> adjustable and the pulse width.
>> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works 
>> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V peaks. 
>> I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and this 
>> one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum housing 
>> and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all gone. By 
>> shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in the lines 
>> apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets are very hot 
>> although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off voltage at the drain 
>> increases in the kilovolt range when the transverter is connected. 
>> The complete line to Transverter is also shielded. I now wanted to 
>> build an Energy Recovery Snubber to recycle that energy. First test 
>> show that you can drive the transverter so much more efficient. I 
>> have to build this inverter even more reliable or change.
>> Best regards
>> Sven
>>
>

Mick and all others interested!  Rather interesting concepts here!     
Here is the whole document that I down loaded as a PDF file!

United States Patent Application 20070296373
Kind Code A1
Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007

----------------------------------------------------------
Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in Motor, 
Generator, and Product Components

Abstract
A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series parallel 
combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of a complete 
cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to the tank 
circuit, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor, current is 
stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is charged. During the second 
quarter cycle; current is released from the inductor as the capacitor 
discharges current to another parallel inductor or resistive load. 
During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the 
opposite direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from 
the capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in 
the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or 
resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor 
releases current to incoming power line.

----------------------------------------------------------
Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
STUDIO CITY
CA
91604-1260
US

Serial No.: 426571
Series Code: 11
Filed: June 26, 2006

U.S. Current Class: 318/727
U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24

----------------------------------------------------------

Claims

----------------------------------------------------------

1. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an 
electric power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an 
electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical 
power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power 
source;an inductor circuit that has a first associated reactance, 
wherein the inductor circuit is comprised of at least one winding in the 
electromechanical device;a capacitor circuit that has a second 
associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the capacitor 
circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a resonance 
that occurs at a particular frequency when the first reactance is 
matched to the second reactance such that electrical energy oscillates 
between a magnetic field of the inductor and an electric field 
associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is arranged such 
that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further arranged 
for operation from one of an AC power source, a standard AC power 
outlet, and a DC power source.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a power inverter that 
is arranged to condition an AC power source to a DC electric power input 
for the apparatus.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit that 
is arranged to selectively charge the inductor circuit.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a 
first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the first 
and second transistors are selectively activated during a first interval 
to charge a first winding of the inductor circuit in a first direction, 
the third and fourth transistors are selectively activated during a 
second interval to charge a second winding of the inductor circuit in a 
second direction; anda first, second, third, and fourth rectifier 
circuit, wherein: the first and second rectifiers are arranged to charge 
the capacitor circuit during the second interval, and the third and 
fourth rectifiers are arranged to charge the capacitor during the first 
interval.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a 
first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the first 
transistor circuit includes a first collector that is coupled to a first 
terminal for a first winding of the inductor circuit, the second 
transistor circuit includes a second collector that is coupled to a 
second terminal for the first winding of the inductor circuit, the third 
transistor circuit includes a third collector that is coupled to a first 
terminal for a second winding of the inductor circuit, the fourth 
transistor circuit includes a fourth collector that is coupled to the 
second terminal for the second winding of the inductor circuit; anda 
first, second, third, and fourth rectifier circuit, wherein: the first 
rectifier circuit is coupled between a first terminal of the capacitor 
circuit and the first terminal of the first winding, the second 
rectifier circuit is coupled between the second terminal of the first 
winding and a second terminal of the capacitor circuit, the third 
rectifier circuit is coupled between the first terminal of the capacitor 
circuit and the second terminal of the second winding, the fourth 
rectifier circuit is coupled between the first terminal of the second 
winding and the second terminal of the capacitor circuit.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first transistor circuit 
includes a first emitter that is arranged for operation from a first 
terminal of the power source, wherein the second transistor circuit 
includes a second emitter that is arranged for operation from a second 
terminal of the power source, wherein the third transistor circuit 
includes a third emitter that is arranged for operation from the first 
terminal of the power source, and wherein the fourth transistor circuit 
includes a fourth emitter that is arranged for operation from the second 
terminal of the power source.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit 
arranged to drive: a first current in a first winding of the inductor 
circuit, and a second current in a second winding of the inductor 
circuit, wherein a first direction associated with the first current is 
opposite a second direction associated with the second current.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first and second windings of 
the inductor circuit are arranged as a double-wire winding.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a third and a fourth 
winding of the inductor circuit;a second capacitor circuit that has a 
second associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the 
capacitor circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a 
resonance that occurs at a particular frequency when the first reactance 
is matched to the second reactance such that electrical energy 
oscillates between a magnetic field of the inductor and an electric 
field associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is arranged 
such that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an improved drive 
circuit, the improved drive circuit comprising:a rectifier circuit that 
is coupled to an AC input power source, wherein the rectifier circuit is 
arranged to provide a DC power source;a first inductive winding 
circuit;a second inductive winding circuit;a first H-bridge drive 
circuit that is arranged for operation from the DC power source, wherein 
the first H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the first 
inductive winding circuit; anda second H-bridge drive circuit that is 
also arranged for operation from the DC power source, wherein the second 
H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the second inductive 
winding circuit.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, the first inductive winding circuit 
further comprising at least one of: a single wire winding that is 
coupled in series to a first capacitor circuit that is coupled in 
parallel with a component circuit, and a double wire winding that is 
coupled in parallel to the component circuit, wherein the component 
circuit comprises at least one of: a second rectifier circuit, a second 
capacitor, and the second capacitor coupled to an output of the second 
rectifier circuit.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, the second inductive winding circuit 
further comprising at least one of: a first single wire winding that is 
coupled in parallel with a first capacitor, a second single wire winding 
that is coupled in series with a second capacitor, and a double wire 
winding that is coupled in parallel with a third capacitor.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, the electromechanical device comprising at 
least one of: a motor, a generator, a light bulb, a shaded motor, a 
stator motor, an induction motor, a steel-laminated core motor, a 
squirrel cage motor, a single-phase motor, a two-phase motor, a 
three-phase motor, a four-phase motor, and a multi-phase motor.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising at least one 
of a parallel resonance circuit and a series resonance circuit.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first 
single wire winding in the electromechanical device that is coupled in 
series with the capacitor circuit, and a component circuit that is 
coupled in parallel with the capacitor circuit, wherein the component 
circuit comprises at least one of: a second single wire winding in the 
electromechanical device, a first resistor, a second resistor that is 
series coupled to a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a primary side 
of a transformer, and a rectifier circuit.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first 
single wire winding in the electromechanical device, and a second single 
wire winding in the electromechanical device, wherein the capacitor 
circuit is series coupled between the first single wire winding and the 
second single wire winding.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, the tank circuit further comprising: a 
component circuit that is coupled in parallel with the capacitor 
circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a 
first resistor, a second resistor that is coupled in series with a 
second capacitor, a third capacitor, a third single wire winding in the 
electromechanical device, a primary side of a transformer, and a 
rectifier circuit.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit further comprising: a 
first core in the electromechanical device, a second core in the 
electromechanical device, and a parallel circuit that is coupled between 
the first core and the second core, wherein the parallel circuit 
comprises at least one of: the capacitor circuit, the inductor circuit, 
a resistor circuit, a first parallel combination of the resistor circuit 
and the capacitor circuit, and a second parallel combination of the 
capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising: a double wire 
winding core in the electromechanical device that is wired in at least 
one of a series configuration and a parallel configuration, wherein the 
double wire winding core is coupled to at least one of: the capacitor 
circuit, the inductor circuit, a first parallel combination of the 
capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit, a resistor circuit, a second 
parallel combination of the resistor circuit and the capacitor circuit, 
and a second double wire winding core in the electromechanical device.

21. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double 
wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second 
winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that is 
wound around a core, wherein the second winding is comprised of a second 
wire that is wound around the core in a common direction with the first 
wire, and wherein the first wire and the second wire are arranged 
according to one of: a single layer arrangement and a multiple layer 
arrangement.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double 
wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second 
winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that is 
wound around a core from a starting position, wherein the second winding 
is comprised of a second wire that is wound around the core in a common 
direction with the first wire from the same starting position, wherein 
the first and second wires are further wound around the core a second 
time from the same starting position to form a multi-layer arrangement.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the double wire winding inductive 
coil is arranged such that the first wire and the second wire each 
include a negative end and a positive end, wherein the negative end of 
the first wire is located adjacent to the positive end of the second 
wire, and wherein the positive end of the first wire is located adjacent 
to the negative end of the second wire.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a first power line 
node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire and a second 
power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the second wire, 
wherein a component circuit is coupled between the positive end of the 
first wire and the positive end of the second wire, wherein the 
component circuit comprises at least one of: a wire, the capacitor 
circuit, a single wire winding inductive coil, a second double wire 
winding inductive coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier circuit, a 
primary side of a transformer, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel 
with the second double wire winding inductive coil, the capacitor 
circuit coupled in parallel with the resistor circuit, the capacitor 
circuit coupled in parallel with the rectifier circuit, and the 
capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the primary side of the 
transformer, wherein the tank circuit is arranged to operate when power 
is applied across the first power line node and the second power line node.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first double wire winding 
inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is coupled 
to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of the second 
wire, and a second power line node is coupled to the positive end of the 
first wire and the negative end of the second wire through a component 
circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a 
wire, the capacitor circuit, a resistor circuit, and the capacitor 
circuit in parallel with the resistor circuit, wherein the tank circuit 
is arranged to operate when power is applied across the first power line 
node and the second power line node.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a second double wire 
winding inductive coil that includes a third winding and a fourth 
winding, wherein the third winding is comprised of a third wire that is 
wound around a second core, wherein the fourth winding is comprised of a 
fourth wire that is wound around the second core in a second common 
direction with the third wire, wherein the second double wire winding 
inductive coil is arranged such that the third wire and the fourth wire 
each include a negative end and a positive end, wherein the negative end 
of the third wire is located adjacent to the positive end of the fourth 
wire, and wherein the positive end of the third wire is located adjacent 
to the negative end of the fourth wire.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising: a first power line 
node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire, and a second 
power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the second wire, 
wherein the second double wire winding inductive coil is arranged such 
that the negative end of the third wire is coupled to the positive end 
of the second wire and the negative end of the fourth wire is coupled to 
the positive end of the first wire, wherein the tank circuit is arranged 
to operate when power is applied across the first power line node and 
the second power line node.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a component circuit 
that is coupled between the positive end of the third wire and the 
positive end of the fourth wire, wherein the component circuit comprises 
at least one of: the capacitor circuit, a single wire winding inductive 
coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier circuit, a primary side of a 
transformer, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the single 
wire winding inductive coil, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel 
with the resistor circuit, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel 
with the rectifier circuit, and the capacitor circuit coupled in 
parallel with the primary side of the transformer.

29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first double wire winding 
inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is coupled 
to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of the second 
wire, and the positive end of the first wire and the negative end of the 
second wire are coupled to a first node, and wherein the second double 
wire winding inductive coil is arranged such that: a second power line 
node is coupled to the positive end of the third wire and the negative 
end of the fourth wire, and the negative end of the third wire and the 
positive end of the fourth wire are coupled to a second node, wherein 
the first node is coupled to the second node through a component circuit 
that comprises at least one of: a wire, the capacitor circuit, a 
resistor circuit, and the capacitor circuit in parallel with the 
resistor circuit, wherein the tank circuit is arranged to operate when 
power is applied across the first power line node and the second power 
line node.

30. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from a 
power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an 
electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical 
power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power 
source;an inductive winding in the electromechanical device;a capacitor 
circuit that is arranged in cooperation with the inductive winding to 
form a resonant circuit, wherein the resonant circuit is arranged such 
that:during a first quarter cycle associated with the electric power 
source, a first current from the electric power source is stored in the 
inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit is charged with the first 
current from a first direction;during a second quarter cycle associated 
with the electric power source, the stored current is released from the 
inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit discharges to a component 
circuit in a forward direction;during a third quarter cycle associated 
with the electric power source, a second current charges the capacitor 
circuit from a second direction that is opposite the first direction; 
andduring a fourth quarter cycle associated with the electric power 
source, the capacitor circuit discharges to the component circuit in a 
backward direction and the inductive winding releases current to the 
electric power source, wherein the apparatus is arranged such that power 
conservation is improved by more than 100%.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the component circuit comprises 
at least one of a second inductive winding in the electromechanical 
device, and a resistive load circuit.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the inductive winding is wound 
around a core.

33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the electromechanical device 
comprises least one of a motor and a generator.

34. A method for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an 
electric power source to mechanical power in an electromechanical 
device, the method comprising:during a first quarter cycle associated 
with the electric power source:providing a first current from the 
electric power source,storing the first current in an inductor circuit 
associated with the electromechanical device, andcharging a capacitor 
circuit with the first current from a first direction;during a second 
quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:releasing stored 
current from the inductor to a selected one of a load circuit and a 
second inductor circuit that is also associated with the 
electromechanical device, anddischarging the capacitor circuit to the 
selected one of the load circuit and the second inductor circuit in a 
forward direction;during a third quarter cycle associated with the 
electric power source:charging the capacitor circuit from a second 
direction that is opposite the first direction; andduring a fourth 
quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:discharging the 
capacitor circuit to the selected one of the load circuit and the second 
inductor circuit in a backward direction, andreleasing current to the 
electric power source, wherein the method is arranged such that power 
conservation is improved by more than100%.
----------------------------------------------------------

Description

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001]a) Field of the Invention

[0002]The present disclosure relates generally to an apparatus, system 
and method for conserving energy in electromagnetic circuits that may 
include an inductor, motor, generator, and capacitor or condenser.

[0003]b) Background Art

[0004]The presently described invention has a variety of applications 
including the ability to reduce reliance on gasoline and diesel fuel. As 
will be described, an energy-efficient electromagnetic circuit can be 
utilized to power electric motors, generators, and other power related 
applications. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the cost and 
availability of gasoline and diesel fuel, the presently described 
features have the potential to reduce the use of petrochemical fuel by 
conserving electrical energy.

[0005]Electric motor efficiency is the measure of the ability of an 
electric motor to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. An 
energy-efficient motor is a motor that gives the same mechanical output 
strength but uses less electrical energy input. To increase electric 
motor efficiency, the electric power consumption and motor losses must 
be reduced. Energy-efficient motors conserve electrical energy and may 
be used for a variety of uses, including within hybrid cars, to increase 
fuel-efficiency. Electrical motor power consumption efficiency 
(Efficiency) can be calculated by the following equation:

Efficiency=(100%).times.(Mechanical power output)/(Electrical power input).

[0006]The present disclosure has evaluated numerous conventional 
motor-related circuits and identified new methods that realize power 
conservation that is approximately 150% to around 200% better than 
conventionally available motors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007]FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the system with a direct connection 
to the electric power source.

[0008]FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the system with conventional 
H-Bridge Drive Circuit.

[0009]FIG. 1C is a block diagram of the system with DC Drive.

[0010]FIG. 1D is a block diagram of the system with Two-Bridge Drive 
Circuit.

[0011]FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a conventional H-Bridge Drive.

[0012]FIG. 2B is an illustrative plot of the timing waveform for the 
H-Bridge Drive.

[0013]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a DC Drive.

[0014]FIG. 3B is an illustrative graph of current versus signal versus 
voltage for the DC Drive.

[0015]FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a Two H-Bridge Drive.

[0016]FIG. 4B illustrates the circuit options for Drive 1 in the Two 
H-Bridge Drive.

[0017]FIG. 4C illustrates the circuit options for Drive 2 in the Two 
H-Bridge Drive.

[0018]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a conventional series circuit.

[0019]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a conventional parallel circuit.

[0020]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding 
circuit.

[0021]FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding 
circuit.

[0022]FIG. 9 is circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding 
circuit.

[0023]FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0024]FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0025]FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0026]FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0027]FIG. 14 is a graphical illustration of a double wire inductive 
coil winding.

[0028]FIG. 15 is a graphical illustration of a cross-section of a double 
wire multi-layer same-directional winding.

[0029]FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0030]FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0031]FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0032]FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0033]FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0034]FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0035]FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0036]FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0037]FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0038]FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0039]FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0040]FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0041]FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0042]FIG. 29A is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit with core.

[0043]FIG. 29B is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit with core.

[0044]FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit with two cores.

[0045]FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0046]FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit, core, and single wire winding.

[0047]FIG. 33 is a graphical illustration of a multi-layer 
same-directional double wire winding core.

[0048]FIG. 34 is a graphical illustration of double wire winding for a 
shaded motor.

[0049]FIG. 35 is a cross-section depicting the winding for a stator motor.

[0050]FIG. 36 is graphical illustration of wiring for a squirrel cage motor

[0051]FIG. 37 is a cross-section depicting the wiring for a single-phase 
squirrel motor.

[0052]FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series for the 
single-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0053]FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series and 
parallel for the single-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0054]FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in parallel for the 
single-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0055]FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of circuit with two capacitors and 
a centrifugal switch.

[0056]FIG. 42A is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 0 Degrees 
in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0057]FIG. 42B is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 45 Degrees 
in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0058]FIG. 42C is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 90 Degrees 
in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0059]FIG. 42D is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 135 
Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0060]FIG. 42E is an illustrative plot of the four-phase clock timing 
waveform.

[0061]FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram of a 4-phase drive motor.

[0062]FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of a 2-phase drive motor.

[0063]FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of a 3-phase drive motor.

[0064]FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment using a light bulb.

[0065]APPENDIX 1 is a graphical illustration of the test setup for 
comparing a conventional single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase 
motor.

[0066]APPENDIX 2 is a detailed description of the test configuration and 
resulting data from comparative tests for the conventional single-phase 
motor and the re-wound single-phase motor of APPENDIX 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0067]Throughout the specification, and in the claims, the term 
"connected" means a direct electrical connection between the things that 
are connected, without any intermediary devices. The term "coupled" 
means either a direct electrical connection between the things that are 
connected, or an indirect connection through one or more passive or 
active intermediary devices. The term "circuit" means one or more 
passive and/or active components that are arranged to cooperate with one 
another to provide a desired function. The term "signal" means at least 
one current signal, voltage signal, electromagnetic wave signal, or data 
signal The meaning of "a", "an", and "the" include both singular and 
plural references. The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on".

[0068]Overview

[0069]Briefly stated, the present disclosure is related to an apparatus, 
system, and method of circuits and windings for electromagnetic power 
used to drive inductors, motors, generators, or any electromagnetic 
power source.

[0070]Electric power consumption for the electromagnetic power source is 
reduced yielding increased power conservation on the order of 150% to 
200% more energy conservation than those conventionally available. One 
example system includes a capacitor, an inductor, and a power line that 
are arranged in a series parallel combination tank circuit that operates 
over four quarters of a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: 
power is applied to the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor 
to the capacitor, current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor 
is charged. During the second quarter cycle;

[0071]current is released from the inductor as the capacitor discharges 
current to another parallel inductor or resistive load. During a third 
quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the opposite 
direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from the 
capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in 
the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or 
resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor 
releases current to incoming power line.

[0072]FIGS. 1A-D are block diagrams that provide an overview of the 
present disclosure. FIG. 1A illustrates that the circuits discussed 
herein may be directly connected to a standard outlet if there is no 
need to control the speed of the motor. FIG. 1B illustrates that a 
conventional H-bridge drive may be used to provide the AC electrical 
output for any of the circuits discussed herein. FIG. 1C illustrates 
that the Electric Power Source may be an inverting DC electric power 
input used in conjunction with an inductive winding. FIG. 1D illustrates 
that an improved drive circuit, using two H-bridge drives, may be used 
to convert AC input electric power source into AC electrical output. The 
circuits described include an inductor or motor/generator with an 
inductive winding; and a capacitor or condenser. A conventional 
single-wire winding or double-wire winding, which is winding multiple 
layers in one direction, may be used with the presently described 
apparatus. Examples of the motors that may be used as the inductive 
windings will also be discussed.

[0073]Unlike the conventional series or parallel separate circuits, the 
present disclosure uses a series parallel combination tank circuit that 
is designed to utilize resonance theory, where the exchange of energy 
between the capacitor and inductor results in increased power output. 
The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and backward 
direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from one 
inductor to another inductor or resistive load two times: one in the 
forward direction and one in the backward direction. Current flows in 
and out of a coil of the inductor such that an electromagnetic force of 
power is created that can be used for various applications.

[0074]The presently disclosed invention may be used with many different 
electro-mechanical apparatus including, but not limited to: 
steel-laminated core motors, shaded motors, stator motors, induction 
motors, single-phase motors, and multi-phase motors, to name a few.

[0075]Evaluated Circuits, Theories, and Topologies

[0076]A variety of conventional electrical resonant circuits have been 
identified and evaluated in contemplation of the present disclosure. One 
example conventional electro-magnetic machine is described in U.S. Pat. 
No. 4,959,573 to Roberts, which describes a single-phase dynamo-electric 
machine that can be a motor or generator that has regulated magnetic 
symmetry. Such resonant circuits can be formed from capacitors and 
inductors. Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and 
electrically manifest that stored energy as a potential that is 
measurable as a voltage. Inductors store energy in the form of a 
magnetic field, and electrically manifest that stored energy as a 
kinetic motion of electrons that is measurable as a current. Capacitors 
and inductors can be arranged to store and release energy in 
complementary modes with a process that resembles the movement of a 
mechanical pendulum.

[0077]A capacitor and inductor can be arranged in a resonant circuit. 
For such circuits, resonance occurs as the result of the collapsing 
magnetic field of the inductor generating an electric current in its 
windings that charges the capacitor and the discharging capacitor 
provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the 
inductor. The capacitor and inductor components will exchange energy 
back and forth between each other when either the capacitor or inductor 
starts out in a charged state. The exchange of energy results in the 
creating of AC voltages and currents for each respective component. The 
instantaneous application of voltage to the resonant circuit will result 
in the rapid charging of the capacitor, while the inductor will oppose 
the instantaneous change in current, leaving the capacitor in the 
charged state and the inductor in the discharged state.

[0078]The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, system, and method 
that encompass much more than a single motor or generator. The present 
disclosure describes a complete system for energy-efficiency that uses 
resonance in a combined series/parallel circuit, two 
inductors/motors/generators, and can output to a resistive load or 
resistor. Evaluated conventional designs are not as energy-efficient. 
Unlike the evaluated conventional designs, the present disclosure's 
combined parallel and series circuit, windings, and balanced inductor 
and capacitor arrangements conserve more energy. The same power input 
that normally powers one motor in the conventional art, can now power 
two motors/inductors.

[0079]In the present disclosure, current flows through the windings and 
charges the capacitor. At 90 degrees, there is no current flowing and 
the capacitor discharges into the inductor. At 180 degrees, the current 
is flowing from the opposite direction and charges the capacitor. At 270 
degrees, there is no current flowing and the capacitor discharges into 
the inductor.

[0080]Electric Power Source

[0081]FIGS. 2-4 illustrate example drive circuits that can utilize 
either an AC input source, or a DC input source as may be desired. A 
drive provides the excitation that causes an electrical motor to operate.

[0082]FIG. 2A illustrates a conventional inverter circuit that uses an 
H-bridge to convert DC power to AC Power. For example, a H-Bridge drive 
can be used in cars to convert battery power to AC power. AC power is 
applied to the input (AC IN) of a converter (e.g., a rectifier, a 
half-wave rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a single-phase rectifier, a 
multi-phase rectifier, a DC voltage regulator, a single-phase converter, 
a multi-phase converter, a pulse-width modulator converter, etc.). The 
converter is arranged to convert the AC input power to a DC power supply 
voltage (e.g., HI_DC and LO_DC, where HI_DC corresponds to the high 
power supply potential and LO_DC corresponds to the low power supply 
potential).

[0083]A driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged to selectively activate 
portions of the H-bridge driver to create a pulsed output signal. The 
driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged in cooperation with a timer control 
circuit (TIMER) to control the actuation of various switching mechanisms 
in the H-bridge circuit to adjust the various pulse widths of the AC 
output of the inverter.

[0084]The timing control circuit (TIMER) is responsive to a clock signal 
(CLOCK) to provide timing control signals to the driver circuit 
(DRIVER). The driver circuit is arranged to provide control signals to 
the H-bridge circuit such that the cycle-time for the actuation of each 
switching mechanism in the H-bridge driver circuit provides a desired AC 
output signal at the AC OUT terminals.

[0085]An example H-bridge circuit may include four transistors such as 
transistors Q1P, Q1M, Q2P, and Q2M. Transistor Q1P is an P-type bipolar 
junction transistor (BJT) that includes an emitter that is coupled to 
HI_DC, a collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 1, and a base that 
is coupled to signal CTL1P. Transistor Q1M is an N-type BJT that 
includes a collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 2, an emitter 
that is coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled to signal CTL1M. 
Transistor Q2P is a P-type BJT that includes a collector that is coupled 
to HI_DC, a emitter that is coupled to AC OUT 2, and a base that is 
coupled to signal CTL2P. Transistor Q2M is a N-type BJT that includes a 
collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 1, an emitter that is 
coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled to signal CTL2M. Depending 
on the device needed, four N-type (NPN) transistors or two N-type and 
two P-type or Darlington type transistors may be used.

[0086]The timer circuit cooperates with the driver circuit to provide 
signals CTL1P, CTL2P, CTL1M and CTL2M. Transistors Q1P and Q1M are 
selectively activated to generate a positive pulse between terminals AC 
OUT 1 and AC OUT 2, while transistors Q2P and Q2M are selectively 
activated to generate a negative pulse between terminals AC OUT 1 and AC 
OUT 2. The combination of the positive and negative pulses yields an AC 
output signal between terminals AC OUT 1 and AC OUT 2. The AC electrical 
output can connect to any of the circuits discussed herein. In FIG. 2B, 
the timing waveform for the H-Bridge Drive is compared with the clock 
signal.

[0087]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram that illustrates a DC drive 
circuit. The drive circuit includes four transistors (Q1P, Q2P, Q1M, and 
Q2M), six rectifiers (RCT1-RCT6), a double wire winding (D), and a 
capacitor (C). The four transistors are arranged to operate in a similar 
manner as the H-bridge driver of FIG. 2A. The physical wiring for the 
double wire winding is explained in the section, "Double Wire Winding." 
Current is traveling through the first winding of the double-wire 
winding (iD1) and current is traveling through the second winding of the 
double-wire winding (iD2).

[0088]As shown in FIG. 3A, the driver is separated for two inverting DC 
power to drive each winding of the double wire winding (D) in opposite 
directions. Transistors Q1M and Q1P are activated during a first half 
cycle relative to the input signal, and deactivated during a second half 
cycle. Similarly, transistors Q2M and Q2P are activated in the second 
half cycle and deactivated during the first half cycle.

[0089]When the power is on during the first half cycle, transistors Q1M 
and Q1P are active and an electrical current (iD1) flows through from 
Q1M through the first winding of the double wire winding (D) to Q1P 
until the end of the cycle. During the off-cycle, transistors Q1P and 
Q1M are off and the stored electrical current from the first winding 
(iD1) discharges through the first rectifier (RCT1) and the second 
rectifier (RCT2) to the capacitor (C), charging the capacitor (C).

[0090]During the second half cycle, Q2M and Q2P act the same as 
described for Q1M and Q1P. The current (iD2) flows from Q2M through the 
second winding of the double-wire winding (D) to Q2P. During the 
off-cycle, transistors Q2P and Q2M are off and the stored electrical 
current from the second winding discharges through the third rectifier 
(RCT3) and the fourth rectifier (RCT4) to the capacitor (C), charging 
the capacitor (C). Unlike the AC power input described in FIG. 2A, the 
DC drive circuit illustrated in FIG. 3A does not connect to the other 
circuits discussed herein. The inductive winding in FIG. 3A, however, 
may be replaced by the motors discussed herein.

[0091]As shown in FIG. 3B, the transistors Q1P and Q1M are active in the 
first half of the charging cycle and the transistors Q2P and Q2M are 
active in the second half of the charging cycle. Likewise, the third and 
fourth rectifiers (RCT3, RCT4) charge the capacitor in the first half of 
the charging cycle and the first and second rectifiers (RCT1, RCT2) 
charge the capacitor in the second half of the charging cycle. 
Therefore, the capacitor is charged twice in one complete cycle. The 
current returns to the power source when the capacitor voltage is the 
same as the input power source (VDC). FIG. 3B compares the currents iD1 
and iD2 against the signals provided and voltage in the capacitor with 
respect to time.

[0092]FIG. 4A shows an improved drive circuit, using two H-Bridge drives 
with circuit options for Drive 1 and Drive 2. Unlike the AC power input 
described in FIG. 2A, the improved drive circuit illustrated in FIG. 4A 
does not connect to the other circuits discussed herein. The inductive 
windings in FIG. 4A, however, may be replaced by the motors discussed 
herein. In FIG. 4B, there are two circuit options for Drive 1. The first 
option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor 
(C1); said capacitor (C1) is coupled in parallel to a full-wave 
rectifier that is coupled in parallel to a capacitor (C2) or battery, as 
shown in Option 1. A second option is a double wire winding (D) coupled 
in parallel to a full-wave rectifier that is coupled in parallel with a 
capacitor (C), as shown in Option 2. In FIG. 4C, there are three options 
for Drive 2. The first option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in 
parallel to the capacitor (C), as shown in Option 1. The second option 
is a double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C), as 
shown in Option 2. The third option is a single wire winding (D) coupled 
in series to capacitor (C), as shown in Option 3.

[0093]In the two H-Bridge Drive, a converter is arranged to convert AC 
input power to a DC power supply, the DRIVER is arranged to selectively 
activate portions of the first bridge drive, and the TIMER controls the 
actuation of various switching for the first bridge drive, as previously 
discussed for a conventional H-bridge drive. DC power is input through H 
bridge drive 1 to drive the inductive winding (D). The rectifier then 
converts AC power to DC power to charge capacitor (C2) (or battery) and 
a second DRIVER and second TIMER provides the DC power input to H bridge 
drive 2, which drives another circuit with inductive winding (D) to 
yield an AC output signal as discussed above.

[0094]Inductive Winding for Inductor, Motor, or Generator

[0095]When wire is wound into a coil configuration, the current flowing 
in the coil produces a magnetic field around the coil. In the present 
disclosure, wire may be wound around a core (which produces the 
inductor), in the stator of a motor, or in the windings of a generator. 
The motor's coils will be referred by the term "windings".

[0096]According to the present disclosure, single or double wire 
windings may be used for the inductive winding, depending on the power 
output needed. The inductive winding may be connected in series or 
parallel as discussed herein. One skilled in the art will appreciate 
that various folds may be made to the inductor, stator in the motor, or 
windings in the generator without departing from the spirit and scope of 
the present invention.

[0097]Example Circuits

[0098]Illustrative examples of electric circuits in accordance with the 
system will be described in detail below. As it will be apparent to one 
skilled in the art, however, the present disclosure is in no way limited 
to the illustrated embodiment or implementation.

[0099]The following key shall be used for the circuit drawings:

TABLE-US-00001 Symbol Description IN Electric Power In C Capacitor or 
Condenser D Inductive Winding (can be inductor, stator of motor, or 
windings in generator) R Resistive Load T Transformer W Winding

[0100]In addition, the symbols + and - in the figures show the direction 
of current flow in the windings.

[0101]FIG. 5 shows a conventional series circuit. FIG. 6 shows a 
conventional parallel circuit.

[0102]In the present disclosure, the power output for the 
electromechanical device is increased by utilizing resonance theory. For 
example, in the series and combination circuit shown in FIG. 7, the wire 
in the inductive winding (D2) has two ends. One end of the wire connects 
to the second incoming AC power line node 10 and the other end is 
connected in series to one of two capacitor wires 12. The second 
capacitor wire connects to the first AC power line node 14. At the same 
time, two of the capacitor wires (16, 18) connect in parallel to another 
inductor (D1) or a resistive load (see FIG. 8), for example a light bulb.

[0103]When the power is applied, during the first quarter of cycle, 0 to 
90 degrees, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor. As the 
capacitor is charged, current is stored in the inductor. During the 
second quarter of cycle, 90 to 180 degrees, current releases from the 
inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel 
inductor or resistive load. During the third quarter of cycle, 180 to 
270 degrees, current flows in the capacitor from the opposite direction, 
as the capacitor is charged at the same time. Current pushes out from 
the capacitor to the incoming power line as current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter of the power cycle, 270 to 360 
degrees, the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, and current 
parallel to another inductor or resistive load flows in the opposite 
direction and the inductor releases current to incoming power line. One 
power cycle is completed.

[0104]The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and backward 
direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from inductor to 
another inductor or resistive load two times: one in the forward 
direction and one in the backward direction. When current flows in and 
out of a coil of the inductor, it creates an electromagnetic force of 
power that can be used for various applications.

[0105]When incoming power is applied to the device, current stored in 
and out of the inductor charges the capacitor and the capacitor 
discharges to another inductor or resistive load. At the same time, 
there is voltage across the inductor. The voltage across the capacitor 
and the voltage across the inductor connected in parallel to the 
capacitor are equal.

[0106]There is voltage across the inductor connected in series to the 
capacitor and there is voltage across the inductor connected in parallel 
to the capacitor. Since Power=voltage.times.current, a single power 
input produces two branches of electromagnetic power output, increasing 
the power output. In the alternative, the present disclosure may have 
one electromagnetic power output with less energy input.

[0107]Single Wire Winding

[0108]FIGS. 7 through 13 illustrate circuits using single wire windings. 
FIG. 7 shows a series and parallel combination circuit. Two windings are 
coupled to the capacitor (C), one in series (D2) and one in parallel 
(D1). FIG. 8 shows the winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor 
(C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a resistive load (R). 
FIG. 9 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with a capacitor (C) coupled in 
between in series and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a high 
resistive load (R). When power is stopped, the capacitor discharges to 
the resistor for safety reasons. FIG. 10 shows two windings (D1 and D2) 
with capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and the capacitor (C) 
coupled in parallel to a low resistive load (R). FIG. 11 shows two 
windings (D1 and D2) with capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and 
the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to another capacitor (C2) series 
coupled to a (R) resistive load. FIG. 12 shows two cores (Core 1 and 
Core 2) with capacitor (C) coupled in between in series, and capacitor 
(C) coupled in parallel to a single wire winding (D). FIG. 13 shows two 
windings (D1 and D2) coupled with capacitor (C) in between in series and 
the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a transformer (T).

[0109]Double Wire Winding

[0110]In the preferred embodiment, double wire winding is used for the 
inductive winding. In the conventional art, wiring is done in opposite 
directions. The present disclosure conserves energy by wiring in a 
common direction FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 illustrate double wire winding. The 
figures show how two wires are wrapped around the core in the same 
direction. As soon as the end of the core is reached, the wires are 
brought straight back to the starting position and wrapped in the same 
direction again. The wiring is done in multiple layers.

[0111]The two wires used to create a double wire winding are labeled 
Wire A and Wire B with the associated - or + sign to indicate the 
direction of current flow. In the figures to follow, the labels "A+, A-, 
B+, and B-" will be used to illustrate how the double wire winding is 
connected to the incoming power line and the capacitor. The negative (-) 
end of Wire B (B-) should be connected to the first incoming power line 
node and the negative (-) end of Wire A (A-) should be connected to the 
second incoming power line node. The positive (+) ends of Wire A (A+) 
and Wire B (B+) should be connected to the capacitor.

[0112]FIGS. 16 through 32 illustrate circuits using double wire 
windings. FIG. 16 shows the incoming AC or inverting pulsating power 
connected to a double wire winding (D) coupled to a capacitor (C). FIG. 
17 shows the double wire winding coupled in series. FIG. 18 shows a 
double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C) and the 
capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to another double wire winding (D2). 
FIG. 19 shows the double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to the 
capacitor (C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to resistive 
load (R). FIG. 20 shows double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to a 
capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel with a full-wave 
rectifier, which converts alternating current (AC) to direct current 
(DC), the full-wave rectifier coupled in parallel with capacitor (C2) or 
battery, and capacitor (C2) coupled in parallel with a resistive load 
(R). FIG. 21 shows the double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to 
the capacitor (C), the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to the primary 
transformer and the secondary transformer output coupled in parallel to 
a resistive load (R). FIG. 22 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in 
parallel to capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to double 
wire winding (D2), double wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C2) and capacitor (C2) coupled in parallel to (R) resistive 
load. FIG. 23 shows a double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to double wire 
winding (D2), double wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to capacitor 
(C2), and capacitor (C2) is coupled in parallel to single wire winding 
(D3). FIG. 24 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C), capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to double wire winding 
(D2), double wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to the primary 
transformer and the secondary transformer output coupled in parallel to 
a resistive load (R).

[0113]FIG. 25 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to the 
capacitor (C), capacitor (C) coupled in series with resistive load (R) 
or capacitor (C2) and this combination coupled in parallel to double 
wire winding (D2). FIG. 26 shows double wire winding (D1) and double 
wire winding (D2) each parallel wired together. Double wire winding (D1) 
is coupled in series to the capacitor (C), capacitor (C) is coupled in 
series to double wire winding (D2), and capacitor (C) is coupled in 
parallel to a high resistive resistor (R), which is added to release 
current when the incoming power stops. FIG. 27 shows double wire winding 
(D1) and double wire winding (D2) each parallel wired together. Double 
wire winding (D1) is coupled in series to capacitor (C1) and capacitor 
(C1) is coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2). Double wire 
winding (D1) may also be coupled in parallel with capacitor (C2). FIG. 
28 shows double wire winding (D) parallel wired together and coupled in 
series to capacitor (C). Capacitor (C) is coupled in parallel to 
resistive load (R).

[0114]FIG. 29A shows a double wire winding core that is either series or 
parallel connected to itself, coupled in series with the capacitor (C), 
and capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to winding (D). FIG. 29B shows a 
winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor (C) and capacitor (C) 
coupled in parallel to a double wire winding core that is either series 
or parallel connected to itself. FIG. 30 shows two double wire winding 
cores either series or parallel connected to itself with a capacitor (C) 
coupled in between in series and capacitor (c) coupled in parallel to 
singe wire winding (D).

[0115]FIG. 31 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C1) and capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to single wire 
winding (D2). FIG. 32 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel 
to capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in series to capacitor (C2) 
and double wire winding core (Core), and this combination coupled in 
parallel to single wire winding (D2).

[0116]Steel-Laminated Core

[0117]FIG. 33 depicts a steel-laminated core with double wire winding in 
multiple layers in a common direction. The two wires used to create a 
double wire winding are labeled Wire A and Wire B with the associated - 
or + sign to indicate the direction of current flow. The circuit 
diagrams in FIG. 33 illustrate how the double wire winding should be 
connected to the incoming power line when a core is used. If the wires 
are connected in series, the negative (-) end of Wire B (B-) is 
connected to the first incoming power line node, the positive (+) end of 
Wire B (B+) is connected to the positive (+) end of Wire A (A+), and the 
negative (-) end of Wire A is connected to the second incoming power 
line node. If the wires are connected in parallel, the positive (+) end 
of Wire A (A+) and the negative (-) end of Wire B (B-) is connected to 
the first incoming power line node and the negative (-) end of Wire A 
(A-) and the positive (+) end of Wire B (B+) is connected to the second 
incoming power line node.

[0118]The core, as used in the circuits described above, is not used as 
an inductor. The core increases power to the other 
inductor/motor/generator (D) shown in the drawings.

[0119]Motor/Generator Examples

[0120]Any of the motors described below can be used as the inductive 
windings shown in the previous circuit drawings. These are illustrative 
examples and one skilled in the art will recognize that modifications to 
the motors can be made, depending on the power output desired.

[0121]One skilled in the art will also recognize that any of the motors 
discussed herein may be converted into a generator, which converts 
mechanical motion into electrical energy, if torque is applied to the 
rotor and the device is driven above synchronous speed. The present 
disclosure is meant to encompass the use of a generator as well.

[0122]Shaded Motor

[0123]FIG. 34 illustrates a shaded motor with double wire winding in 
multiple layers in one direction. The motor can be connected in series 
or parallel to drive itself or connect to any of the above circuit 
drawings.

[0124]Stator Motor

[0125]FIG. 35 illustrates four winding groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4), each 
wrapped around a post in the stator motor. Winding Groups 1 (W1) and 3 
(W3) are connected to the capacitor (C) in series. Winding Group 2 (W2) 
and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with the positive ends 
of W2 and W4 connected together. The negative ends of this combination 
are connected in parallel to the capacitor.

[0126]For any phase, if the wiring is reversed, the motor will turn in 
the opposite direction, counter-clockwise. For example, if Winding Group 
2 (W2) and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with their 
negative ends connected together, and the positive ends of this 
combination are connected in parallel with the capacitor, the motor will 
rotate counter-clockwise.

[0127]Single Phase Wiring

[0128]For single-phase wiring, there are four major winding groups (W1, 
W2, W3, and W4). Each winding group has sub-groups and one skilled in 
the art will appreciate that the actual number of sub-groups may be 
varied depending upon the motor's physical size, horsepower and 
rotational speed. Each sub-group has a few hundred to thousands of turns 
of winding wire.

[0129]FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are diagrams of single-phase wiring in a 
squirrel cage motor or permanent magnet rotor, illustrating how the 
coils for each sub-group are wrapped around the teeth or slot. Each 
winding group has three sub-groups (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 
4A, 4B, 4C). FIG. 36A is a diagram of the cross section for wiring. FIG. 
36B shows the side view of wiring for one group. Although a squirrel 
cage motor is depicted, this is merely one example of the type of motors 
that may be used. For example, a motor with permanent magnets may also 
be used.

[0130]FIG. 37 is a schematic for the cross-section of the wiring for a 
single-phase motor. There are twenty four (24 slots) shown for twelve 
sub-groups. For each sub-group, the wire is wound in each stator slot 
and wire is wound in the same direction from negative to positive out. 
One skilled in the art will appreciate that the actual number of stator 
slots may be varied depending upon the motor's physical size, horsepower 
and rotational speed.

[0131]FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of the present disclosure for 
single-phase motors with the sub-groups connected in series. FIG. 38 
shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the negative 
end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the negative end of 1B 
connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A, 3B, and 3C are also 
connected in series, with the positive end of 3A connected to the 
negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B connected to the negative 
end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is connected to the first power line 
node and the positive end of W3 is connected in series to the capacitor 
(C). The capacitor (C) is also series connected to the positive end of 
W1 and the negative end of W1 is connected to the second power line 
node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected in series, with the 
positive end of 4A connected to the negative end of 4B and the positive 
end of 4B is connected to the negative end of 4C. Sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 
2C are also connected in series, with the negative end of 2A connected 
to the positive end of 2B and the negative end of 2B connected to the 
positive end of 2C. The positive end of W2 and W4 are connected in 
series. This combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), 
with the negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor.

[0132]FIG. 39 illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure 
for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups for W1 and W3 connected in 
series and the sub-groups for W2 and W4 connected in parallel. FIG. 39 
shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the negative 
end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the negative end of 1B 
connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A, 3B, and 3C are also 
connected in series, with the positive end of 3A connected to the 
negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B connected to the negative 
end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is connected to the first power line 
node and the positive end of W3 is connected in series to the capacitor 
(C). The capacitor (C) is also series connected to the positive end of 
W1 and the negative end of W1 is connected to the second power line 
node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected in series with sub-groups 
2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive end of 2A is connected in series to the 
positive end of 4A, the positive end 2B is connected in series to the 
positive end of 4B, and the positive end of 2C is connected in series 
with the positive end of 4C. The negative ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are 
connected together. The negative ends of 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected 
together. This combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor 
(C), with the negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor (C).

[0133]FIG. 40 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present 
disclosure for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups connected in 
parallel. FIG. 40 shows subgroup 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together in 
parallel, with the positive ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together 
and the negative ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together. Subgroups 
3A, 3B, and 3C are also connected together in parallel, with the 
positive ends of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together and the negative ends 
of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together. The negative end of W3 is 
connected to the first power line node and the positive end of W3 is 
connected in series to the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also 
series connected to the positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1 is 
connected to the second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are 
connected in series with sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive end of 
2A is connected in series to the positive end of 4A, the positive end 2B 
is connected in series to the positive end of 4B, and the positive end 
of 2C is connected in series with the positive end of 4C. The negative 
ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are connected together. The negative ends of 4A, 
4B, and 4C are connected together. This combination is connected in 
parallel to the capacitor (C), with the negative ends of W2 and W4 
connected to the capacitor (C)

[0134]FIG. 41 shows how the circuit can be modified to provide more 
torque for staring the device, using two capacitors (C1 and C2), four 
inductive windings (D1, D2, D3, and D4), and a centrifugal switch. C2, 
the bigger capacitor, can be added in parallel to C1 and the centrifugal 
switch can control the starting time and turn of C2.

[0135]Multi-Phase Motor

[0136]FIGS. 42A through 42D, combined, illustrate the cross-section for 
the windings of a multi-phase motor or generator and the sequence in 
which the coils are energized in order to cause the permanent magnet 
attached to the rotor to rotate. The multi-phase motor or generator 
includes four phases, each 45 degrees apart: 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 
degrees, and 135 degrees and there are four winding groups for each 
phase (W1, W2, W3, and W4).

[0137]For clarification purposes, each phase for the multiphase motor or 
generator is shown in a separate figure, although all four phases are 
located within the motor or generator. For each phase, there are four 
winding groups and two of the winding groups are formed from combining 
two subgroups. Each sub-group has a few hundred to thousands of turns of 
winding wire.

[0138]FIGS. 42A through 42D illustrate how the winding groups for each 
phase are wrapped around the teeth or slot. For each winding group, the 
wire is wound in each stator slot and wire is wound in the same 
direction from negative to positive out. There are twenty four slots (S1 
through S24); although one skilled in the art will appreciate that the 
actual number of stator slots may be varied depending upon the motor's 
physical size, horsepower and rotational speed.

[0139]FIG. 42A illustrates the winding groups for Phase Group 0 degrees. 
W1 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to S12, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S2 to slot S11, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S9 to slot S16. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S13 to slot S24, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S14 to slot S23, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is 
formed from wrapping wire from slot S4 to slot S21.

[0140]FIG. 42B shows the winding groups for Phase Group 45 degrees. W1 
is formed by wrapping wire from slot S4 to S15, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S5 to slot S14, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S12 to slot S19. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S2 to slot S17, which forms the first sub-group, 
and from wire wrapped from slot S3 to slot S16, which forms the second 
sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is formed from 
wrapping wire from slot S7 to slot S24.

[0141]FIG. 42C shows the winding groups for Phase Group 90 degrees. W1 
is formed by wrapping wire from slot S7 to S18, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S8 to slot S17, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S15 to slot S22. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S5 to slot S20, which forms the first sub-group, 
and from wire wrapped from slot S6 to slot S19, which forms the second 
sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is formed from 
wrapping wire from slot S3 to slot S10.

[0142]FIG. 42D shows the winding groups for Phase Group 135 degrees. W1 
is formed by wrapping wire from slot S10 to S21, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S11 to slot S20, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to slot S18. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S8 to slot S23, which forms the first sub-group, 
and from wire wrapped from slot S9 to slot S22, which forms the second 
sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is formed from 
wrapping wire from slot S6 to slot S13.

[0143]The timing waveform for each phase, represented by a different 
design pattern, is shown in FIG. 42E. For each phase, the current flows 
at 0 degrees (on time) and then stops at 90 degrees (off time), then 
current flows in the opposite direction at 180 degrees (on time) and 
then stops at 270 degrees (off time).

[0144]Connection of Motor to Capacitor

[0145]FIG. 43 is a schematic of a 4-phase drive motor. Each phase group 
of the multiphase wire windings, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 
135 degrees, connects to a capacitor (C). For each phase group, W1 and 
W3 are connected in series to the capacitor. W2 is connected in series 
to W4 and this combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor. 
The details of the wiring for a single-phase are discussed above.

[0146]FIG. 44 illustrates how the four-phase drive motor can be 
converted into a two-phase motor or two-phase power output. Phase group 
0 degrees and Phase group 45 degrees are combined and Phase group 90 
degrees and Phase group 135 degrees are combined. The negative ends of 
W3 for Phase group 0 degrees and W3 for Phase group 45 degrees are 
connected together and this combination is then connected to the first 
incoming power line node. The negative ends of W1 for Phase group 0 
degrees and W1 for Phase group 45 degrees are connected together and 
this combination is connected to the second incoming power line node. 
Likewise, the negative ends of W3 for Phase group 90 degrees and W3 for 
Phase group 135 degrees are connected together and this combination is 
then connected to the first incoming power line node. The negative ends 
of W1 for Phase group 90 degrees and W1 for Phase group 135 degrees are 
connected together and this combination is connected to the second 
incoming power line node.

[0147]FIG. 45 is a schematic of a 3-phase drive motor. Each phase group, 
0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, connects to a capacitor (c). For 
each phase group, W1 and W3 are connected in series to the capacitor. W2 
is connected in series to W4 and this combination is connected in 
parallel to the capacitor. The details of the wiring for a single-phase 
are discussed above

[0148]Light Bulb Energy Conservation

[0149]FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure that 
conserves light bulb energy. In a test conducted, on Nov. 16, 1998, a 
light bulb was installed according to the schematic disclosed in FIG. 46 
and is still running seven years later.

[0150]Since Apparent Power (VA)=Current (A).times.Voltage (V), the 
calculations below illustrate energy conservation for a 60 W light bulb. 
The voltage applied at the power input is 115 V. The apparent power for 
the Power Input Line (Line PIN) is measured at 126.5 VA. The apparent 
power measured for the shed motor fan is 126.5 VA and the apparent power 
measured for the light bulb is 65 VA. Therefore, 126 VA is measured at 
the input and a total of 191.5 VA is measured at the output, indicating 
an approximately 1.5 gain Calculations are also shown for the energy 
savings for a 75W Bulb.

[0151]60 W Bulb

[0152]Line PIN=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA

[0153]Light Bulb=0.52 A.times.125V=65 VA

[0154]Shed Motor=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA

[0155]Gain=(126.5 VA+65 VA)/126.5 VA=1.513 times

[0156]75 W Bulb

[0157]Line PIN=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA

[0158]Light Bulb=0.57 A.times.100V=60.42 VA

[0159]Shed Motor Fan=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA

[0160]Gain=(111.55 VA+60.42 VA)/111.55=1.54 times

[0161]Or

[0162]Shed Motor Fan=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA

[0163]Light Bulb=60 W

[0164]Gain=(126.5 VA+60 VA)/111.55 VA=1.67 times

Example Comparison Between Conventional Single-Phase Motor and Re-Wound 
Single-Phase Motor

[0165]Appendix 1 illustrates the test setup for comparing a conventional 
single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase motor.

[0166]Appendix 2 describes the test configuration and resulting data 
from the comparative tests. The tables compare the performance of a 
conventional Central Machinery Bench Grinder single-phase motor model 
#39798, 3450 rpm (already considered an energy-efficient motor), versus 
the same motor rewound using the inventive features of the present 
disclosure. The single-phase motor is rewound using four major winding 
groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4) with four sub-groups for W1 and W3 and two 
sub-groups for W2 and W4, connected in series, as discussed above for 
wiring in series for a single-phase motor. FIG. 38 may be used as a 
guide, although there are three sub-groups for W1, W2, W3, and W4 shown.

[0167]The tests do not provide figures for the true power consumption of 
the conventional motor and re-wound motor, but a comparison of the data 
between the two motors shows that the re-wound motor conserves more 
energy. For example, the Line PIN of the conventional motor on load is 
measured at 345 VA and the power output measured is at 373.75 VA, 
whereas the Line PIN of the re-wound motor on load is measured at 184 VA 
and the power output measured is at 361 VA. The data illustrates that 
much less energy is consumed to generate a similar mechanical power 
output in the re-wound motor.

[0168]In general, the presently described apparatus, system and methods 
conserve energy by utilizing resonance theory in a system that includes 
a motor and an electric circuit. The resonance in the electric circuit 
occurs at a particular frequency when the inductive reactance and the 
capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude, causing electrical energy 
to oscillate between the magnetic field of the inductor and the electric 
field of the capacitor. Although the preceding description describes 
various embodiments of the system, the present disclosure is not limited 
to such embodiments, but rather covers all modifications, alternatives, 
and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
Since many embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit and 
scope of the present invention, the invention resides in the claims 
hereinafter appended.

* * * * *
Best Regards
Stefan Sundström

  Mick, I thought of this Patent Application when you guys were 
discussing the Ron Brandt wiring of the slots. I can see Knoe Going 
Nuts! Lol

On 11/15/2018 12:18 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hi Norm,
>
> How did you locate that application, what were you searching for?
>
> Odd way to wire a transformer but I like the pair of H bridges working 
> against each other for power correction.
>
> Do not have time yet to study it in depth, what is your opinion of the 
> most salient points?
>
>
>
> On 11/15/2018 9:45 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Please review this Patent.
>>
>> United States Patent Application 20070296373
>> Kind Code A1
>> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in 
>> Motor, Generator, and Product Components
>>
>> Abstract
>> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series 
>> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of 
>> a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to 
>> the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to the 
>> capacitor, current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is 
>> charged. During the second quarter cycle; current is released from 
>> the inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel 
>> inductor or resistive load. During a third quarter cycle: current 
>> flows in the capacitor from the opposite direction, the capacitor is 
>> charged, current pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power 
>> line, and current is stored in the inductor. During the fourth 
>> quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, 
>> current parallel to another inductor or resistive load flows in the 
>> opposite direction, and the inductor releases current to incoming 
>> power line.
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
>> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
>> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
>> STUDIO CITY
>> CA
>> 91604-1260
>> US
>>
>> Serial No.: 426571
>> Series Code: 11
>> Filed: June 26, 2006
>>
>> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
>> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
>> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>>
>>
>> On 11/15/2018 10:51 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Sven,
>>>
>>> Excellent work!
>>>
>>> I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30 
>>> volts or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps, and 
>>> blew some very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000 amp 
>>> so I imagine you have gone through your share of silicon parts. At 
>>> least the TVS diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the 
>>> pulse width adjustment.
>>>
>>> What is your reactive power/input power ?
>>>
>>> How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in 
>>> capacitors?
>>> If you have rotoverter use like this -
>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull 
>>>> inverter for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz 
>>>> 650Hz is fully adjustable and the pulse width.
>>>> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works 
>>>> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V 
>>>> peaks. I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and 
>>>> this one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum 
>>>> housing and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all gone. 
>>>> By shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in the 
>>>> lines apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets are 
>>>> very hot although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off voltage at 
>>>> the drain increases in the kilovolt range when the transverter is 
>>>> connected. The complete line to Transverter is also shielded. I now 
>>>> wanted to build an Energy Recovery Snubber to recycle that energy. 
>>>> First test show that you can drive the transverter so much more 
>>>> efficient. I have to build this inverter even more reliable or change.
>>>> Best regards
>>>> Sven
>>>>
>

Ole,

Disregarding the issue at hand with the patent terminology and not
concerning ourselves with the patent just a very high Q tank.

If a reactive LC tank capacitor is then disconnected from the reactive
source then discharged to a resistive load then reconnected energized
back to the standing wave modality recharged disconnected discharged
etc.  If the reactive energy is harvested in this manner are you
claiming the same losses will occur as power factor correcting the
reactive back into real power?



On 11/15/2018 5:36 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote
>  
>
> I have only read to the following paragraph cited below. I wonder if
> the applicant knows about what he is writing.
>
> Citing paragraph 106 of the patent application
> (https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/53/7d/29/f7b4bd0194992d/US20070296373A1.pdf):
> "[0106] There is voltage across the inductor connected in series to
> the capacitor and there is voltage across the inductor connected in
> parallel to the capacitor. Since Power=voltage×current, a single power
> input produces two branches of electromagnetic power output,
> increasing the power output. In the alternative, the present
> disclosure may have one electromagnetic power output with less energy
> input."
>
>
>
> It isn't as simple as this. If using an oscilloscope for measuring the
> current and voltage it will show some phase displacement between the
> current and voltage which means reactive power. Look at the following
> small videos to see how one can be misled if not knowing how the phase
> between the current and voltage is: Only the the resistive part
> consumes (transforms) energy like R in figure 8.
>
> 0:42
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJEZMCCBV3U>
>
>
>       Overunity Device Cop 2,5 ? explanation part 3.
>       <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJEZMCCBV3U>
>
> 9.5K views5 years ago
> 1:01
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jamj3-2w0eE>
>
>
>       Overunity Device Cop 2,5 ? explanation part 2.
>       <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jamj3-2w0eE>
>
> 10K views5 years ago
> 1:00
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_E0ck3v40Y>
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_E0ck3v40Y>
>
>
>       Overunity Device Cop 2,5 ? part 1. but,
>       <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_E0ck3v40Y>
>
> 8K views5 years ago
>
> The numbers without the phase shift looks like overunity which isn't
> the case when taking into account the phase shift. Only real power is
> useful in doing work. Reactive power doesn't do work except for the
> small active part heating the the wires and other components because
> of their parasitic resistance. This part caused by current doing work
> against the resistance is active power and not actually reactive
> power. This is why the power distributing companies may charge
> costumers for having high reactive power going through their cables
> which heats the power lines without transferring active power to their
> costumers. It's just pure loss because the wires have resistance.
> Resistance converts electric power into heat.
>
> Just looked at the figures and found the description to figure 46:
> "[0149]FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure
> that conserves light bulb energy. In a test conducted, on Nov. 16,
> 1998, a light bulb was installed according to the schematic disclosed
> in FIG. 46 and is still running seven years later.
>
> [0150]Since Apparent Power (VA)=Current (A)×Voltage (V), the
> calculations below illustrate energy conservation for a 60 W light
> bulb. The voltage applied at the power input is 115 V. The apparent
> power for the Power Input Line (Line PIN) is measured at 126.5 VA. The
> apparent power measured for the shed motor fan is 126.5 VA and the
> apparent power measured for the light bulb is 65 VA. Therefore, 126 VA
> is measured at the input and a total of 191.5 VA is measured at the
> output, indicating an approximately 1.5 gain. Calculations are also
> shown for the energy savings for a 75W Bulb."
>
> It is the apparent power that is increased. The apparent power is the
> vector sum of the real power and the reactive power which makes it
> always greater than or equal to the real (or active or true) power.
>
>
> Source with description at:
> https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-11/true-reactive-and-apparent-power/
>
> Regards
> Ole
>