Re: [EVGRAY] Re: Neutral spike

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Mick and all others interested!  Rather interesting concepts here!     
Here is the whole document that I down loaded as a PDF file!

United States Patent Application 20070296373
Kind Code A1
Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007

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Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in Motor, 
Generator, and Product Components

Abstract
A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series parallel 
combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of a complete 
cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to the tank 
circuit, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor, current is 
stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is charged. During the second 
quarter cycle; current is released from the inductor as the capacitor 
discharges current to another parallel inductor or resistive load. 
During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the 
opposite direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from 
the capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in 
the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or 
resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor 
releases current to incoming power line.

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Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
STUDIO CITY
CA
91604-1260
US

Serial No.: 426571
Series Code: 11
Filed: June 26, 2006

U.S. Current Class: 318/727
U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24

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Claims

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1. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an 
electric power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an 
electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical 
power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power 
source;an inductor circuit that has a first associated reactance, 
wherein the inductor circuit is comprised of at least one winding in the 
electromechanical device;a capacitor circuit that has a second 
associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the capacitor 
circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a resonance 
that occurs at a particular frequency when the first reactance is 
matched to the second reactance such that electrical energy oscillates 
between a magnetic field of the inductor and an electric field 
associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is arranged such 
that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further arranged 
for operation from one of an AC power source, a standard AC power 
outlet, and a DC power source.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a power inverter that 
is arranged to condition an AC power source to a DC electric power input 
for the apparatus.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit that 
is arranged to selectively charge the inductor circuit.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a 
first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the first 
and second transistors are selectively activated during a first interval 
to charge a first winding of the inductor circuit in a first direction, 
the third and fourth transistors are selectively activated during a 
second interval to charge a second winding of the inductor circuit in a 
second direction; anda first, second, third, and fourth rectifier 
circuit, wherein: the first and second rectifiers are arranged to charge 
the capacitor circuit during the second interval, and the third and 
fourth rectifiers are arranged to charge the capacitor during the first 
interval.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a 
first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the first 
transistor circuit includes a first collector that is coupled to a first 
terminal for a first winding of the inductor circuit, the second 
transistor circuit includes a second collector that is coupled to a 
second terminal for the first winding of the inductor circuit, the third 
transistor circuit includes a third collector that is coupled to a first 
terminal for a second winding of the inductor circuit, the fourth 
transistor circuit includes a fourth collector that is coupled to the 
second terminal for the second winding of the inductor circuit; anda 
first, second, third, and fourth rectifier circuit, wherein: the first 
rectifier circuit is coupled between a first terminal of the capacitor 
circuit and the first terminal of the first winding, the second 
rectifier circuit is coupled between the second terminal of the first 
winding and a second terminal of the capacitor circuit, the third 
rectifier circuit is coupled between the first terminal of the capacitor 
circuit and the second terminal of the second winding, the fourth 
rectifier circuit is coupled between the first terminal of the second 
winding and the second terminal of the capacitor circuit.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first transistor circuit 
includes a first emitter that is arranged for operation from a first 
terminal of the power source, wherein the second transistor circuit 
includes a second emitter that is arranged for operation from a second 
terminal of the power source, wherein the third transistor circuit 
includes a third emitter that is arranged for operation from the first 
terminal of the power source, and wherein the fourth transistor circuit 
includes a fourth emitter that is arranged for operation from the second 
terminal of the power source.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit 
arranged to drive: a first current in a first winding of the inductor 
circuit, and a second current in a second winding of the inductor 
circuit, wherein a first direction associated with the first current is 
opposite a second direction associated with the second current.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first and second windings of 
the inductor circuit are arranged as a double-wire winding.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a third and a fourth 
winding of the inductor circuit;a second capacitor circuit that has a 
second associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the 
capacitor circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a 
resonance that occurs at a particular frequency when the first reactance 
is matched to the second reactance such that electrical energy 
oscillates between a magnetic field of the inductor and an electric 
field associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is arranged 
such that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an improved drive 
circuit, the improved drive circuit comprising:a rectifier circuit that 
is coupled to an AC input power source, wherein the rectifier circuit is 
arranged to provide a DC power source;a first inductive winding 
circuit;a second inductive winding circuit;a first H-bridge drive 
circuit that is arranged for operation from the DC power source, wherein 
the first H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the first 
inductive winding circuit; anda second H-bridge drive circuit that is 
also arranged for operation from the DC power source, wherein the second 
H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the second inductive 
winding circuit.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, the first inductive winding circuit 
further comprising at least one of: a single wire winding that is 
coupled in series to a first capacitor circuit that is coupled in 
parallel with a component circuit, and a double wire winding that is 
coupled in parallel to the component circuit, wherein the component 
circuit comprises at least one of: a second rectifier circuit, a second 
capacitor, and the second capacitor coupled to an output of the second 
rectifier circuit.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, the second inductive winding circuit 
further comprising at least one of: a first single wire winding that is 
coupled in parallel with a first capacitor, a second single wire winding 
that is coupled in series with a second capacitor, and a double wire 
winding that is coupled in parallel with a third capacitor.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, the electromechanical device comprising at 
least one of: a motor, a generator, a light bulb, a shaded motor, a 
stator motor, an induction motor, a steel-laminated core motor, a 
squirrel cage motor, a single-phase motor, a two-phase motor, a 
three-phase motor, a four-phase motor, and a multi-phase motor.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising at least one 
of a parallel resonance circuit and a series resonance circuit.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first 
single wire winding in the electromechanical device that is coupled in 
series with the capacitor circuit, and a component circuit that is 
coupled in parallel with the capacitor circuit, wherein the component 
circuit comprises at least one of: a second single wire winding in the 
electromechanical device, a first resistor, a second resistor that is 
series coupled to a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a primary side 
of a transformer, and a rectifier circuit.

17. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first 
single wire winding in the electromechanical device, and a second single 
wire winding in the electromechanical device, wherein the capacitor 
circuit is series coupled between the first single wire winding and the 
second single wire winding.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, the tank circuit further comprising: a 
component circuit that is coupled in parallel with the capacitor 
circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a 
first resistor, a second resistor that is coupled in series with a 
second capacitor, a third capacitor, a third single wire winding in the 
electromechanical device, a primary side of a transformer, and a 
rectifier circuit.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit further comprising: a 
first core in the electromechanical device, a second core in the 
electromechanical device, and a parallel circuit that is coupled between 
the first core and the second core, wherein the parallel circuit 
comprises at least one of: the capacitor circuit, the inductor circuit, 
a resistor circuit, a first parallel combination of the resistor circuit 
and the capacitor circuit, and a second parallel combination of the 
capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising: a double wire 
winding core in the electromechanical device that is wired in at least 
one of a series configuration and a parallel configuration, wherein the 
double wire winding core is coupled to at least one of: the capacitor 
circuit, the inductor circuit, a first parallel combination of the 
capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit, a resistor circuit, a second 
parallel combination of the resistor circuit and the capacitor circuit, 
and a second double wire winding core in the electromechanical device.

21. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double 
wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second 
winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that is 
wound around a core, wherein the second winding is comprised of a second 
wire that is wound around the core in a common direction with the first 
wire, and wherein the first wire and the second wire are arranged 
according to one of: a single layer arrangement and a multiple layer 
arrangement.

22. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double 
wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second 
winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that is 
wound around a core from a starting position, wherein the second winding 
is comprised of a second wire that is wound around the core in a common 
direction with the first wire from the same starting position, wherein 
the first and second wires are further wound around the core a second 
time from the same starting position to form a multi-layer arrangement.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the double wire winding inductive 
coil is arranged such that the first wire and the second wire each 
include a negative end and a positive end, wherein the negative end of 
the first wire is located adjacent to the positive end of the second 
wire, and wherein the positive end of the first wire is located adjacent 
to the negative end of the second wire.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a first power line 
node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire and a second 
power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the second wire, 
wherein a component circuit is coupled between the positive end of the 
first wire and the positive end of the second wire, wherein the 
component circuit comprises at least one of: a wire, the capacitor 
circuit, a single wire winding inductive coil, a second double wire 
winding inductive coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier circuit, a 
primary side of a transformer, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel 
with the second double wire winding inductive coil, the capacitor 
circuit coupled in parallel with the resistor circuit, the capacitor 
circuit coupled in parallel with the rectifier circuit, and the 
capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the primary side of the 
transformer, wherein the tank circuit is arranged to operate when power 
is applied across the first power line node and the second power line node.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first double wire winding 
inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is coupled 
to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of the second 
wire, and a second power line node is coupled to the positive end of the 
first wire and the negative end of the second wire through a component 
circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a 
wire, the capacitor circuit, a resistor circuit, and the capacitor 
circuit in parallel with the resistor circuit, wherein the tank circuit 
is arranged to operate when power is applied across the first power line 
node and the second power line node.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a second double wire 
winding inductive coil that includes a third winding and a fourth 
winding, wherein the third winding is comprised of a third wire that is 
wound around a second core, wherein the fourth winding is comprised of a 
fourth wire that is wound around the second core in a second common 
direction with the third wire, wherein the second double wire winding 
inductive coil is arranged such that the third wire and the fourth wire 
each include a negative end and a positive end, wherein the negative end 
of the third wire is located adjacent to the positive end of the fourth 
wire, and wherein the positive end of the third wire is located adjacent 
to the negative end of the fourth wire.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising: a first power line 
node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire, and a second 
power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the second wire, 
wherein the second double wire winding inductive coil is arranged such 
that the negative end of the third wire is coupled to the positive end 
of the second wire and the negative end of the fourth wire is coupled to 
the positive end of the first wire, wherein the tank circuit is arranged 
to operate when power is applied across the first power line node and 
the second power line node.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a component circuit 
that is coupled between the positive end of the third wire and the 
positive end of the fourth wire, wherein the component circuit comprises 
at least one of: the capacitor circuit, a single wire winding inductive 
coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier circuit, a primary side of a 
transformer, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the single 
wire winding inductive coil, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel 
with the resistor circuit, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel 
with the rectifier circuit, and the capacitor circuit coupled in 
parallel with the primary side of the transformer.

29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first double wire winding 
inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is coupled 
to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of the second 
wire, and the positive end of the first wire and the negative end of the 
second wire are coupled to a first node, and wherein the second double 
wire winding inductive coil is arranged such that: a second power line 
node is coupled to the positive end of the third wire and the negative 
end of the fourth wire, and the negative end of the third wire and the 
positive end of the fourth wire are coupled to a second node, wherein 
the first node is coupled to the second node through a component circuit 
that comprises at least one of: a wire, the capacitor circuit, a 
resistor circuit, and the capacitor circuit in parallel with the 
resistor circuit, wherein the tank circuit is arranged to operate when 
power is applied across the first power line node and the second power 
line node.

30. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from a 
power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an 
electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical 
power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power 
source;an inductive winding in the electromechanical device;a capacitor 
circuit that is arranged in cooperation with the inductive winding to 
form a resonant circuit, wherein the resonant circuit is arranged such 
that:during a first quarter cycle associated with the electric power 
source, a first current from the electric power source is stored in the 
inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit is charged with the first 
current from a first direction;during a second quarter cycle associated 
with the electric power source, the stored current is released from the 
inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit discharges to a component 
circuit in a forward direction;during a third quarter cycle associated 
with the electric power source, a second current charges the capacitor 
circuit from a second direction that is opposite the first direction; 
andduring a fourth quarter cycle associated with the electric power 
source, the capacitor circuit discharges to the component circuit in a 
backward direction and the inductive winding releases current to the 
electric power source, wherein the apparatus is arranged such that power 
conservation is improved by more than 100%.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the component circuit comprises 
at least one of a second inductive winding in the electromechanical 
device, and a resistive load circuit.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the inductive winding is wound 
around a core.

33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the electromechanical device 
comprises least one of a motor and a generator.

34. A method for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an 
electric power source to mechanical power in an electromechanical 
device, the method comprising:during a first quarter cycle associated 
with the electric power source:providing a first current from the 
electric power source,storing the first current in an inductor circuit 
associated with the electromechanical device, andcharging a capacitor 
circuit with the first current from a first direction;during a second 
quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:releasing stored 
current from the inductor to a selected one of a load circuit and a 
second inductor circuit that is also associated with the 
electromechanical device, anddischarging the capacitor circuit to the 
selected one of the load circuit and the second inductor circuit in a 
forward direction;during a third quarter cycle associated with the 
electric power source:charging the capacitor circuit from a second 
direction that is opposite the first direction; andduring a fourth 
quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:discharging the 
capacitor circuit to the selected one of the load circuit and the second 
inductor circuit in a backward direction, andreleasing current to the 
electric power source, wherein the method is arranged such that power 
conservation is improved by more than100%.
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Description

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001]a) Field of the Invention

[0002]The present disclosure relates generally to an apparatus, system 
and method for conserving energy in electromagnetic circuits that may 
include an inductor, motor, generator, and capacitor or condenser.

[0003]b) Background Art

[0004]The presently described invention has a variety of applications 
including the ability to reduce reliance on gasoline and diesel fuel. As 
will be described, an energy-efficient electromagnetic circuit can be 
utilized to power electric motors, generators, and other power related 
applications. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the cost and 
availability of gasoline and diesel fuel, the presently described 
features have the potential to reduce the use of petrochemical fuel by 
conserving electrical energy.

[0005]Electric motor efficiency is the measure of the ability of an 
electric motor to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. An 
energy-efficient motor is a motor that gives the same mechanical output 
strength but uses less electrical energy input. To increase electric 
motor efficiency, the electric power consumption and motor losses must 
be reduced. Energy-efficient motors conserve electrical energy and may 
be used for a variety of uses, including within hybrid cars, to increase 
fuel-efficiency. Electrical motor power consumption efficiency 
(Efficiency) can be calculated by the following equation:

Efficiency=(100%).times.(Mechanical power output)/(Electrical power input).

[0006]The present disclosure has evaluated numerous conventional 
motor-related circuits and identified new methods that realize power 
conservation that is approximately 150% to around 200% better than 
conventionally available motors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007]FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the system with a direct connection 
to the electric power source.

[0008]FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the system with conventional 
H-Bridge Drive Circuit.

[0009]FIG. 1C is a block diagram of the system with DC Drive.

[0010]FIG. 1D is a block diagram of the system with Two-Bridge Drive 
Circuit.

[0011]FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a conventional H-Bridge Drive.

[0012]FIG. 2B is an illustrative plot of the timing waveform for the 
H-Bridge Drive.

[0013]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a DC Drive.

[0014]FIG. 3B is an illustrative graph of current versus signal versus 
voltage for the DC Drive.

[0015]FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a Two H-Bridge Drive.

[0016]FIG. 4B illustrates the circuit options for Drive 1 in the Two 
H-Bridge Drive.

[0017]FIG. 4C illustrates the circuit options for Drive 2 in the Two 
H-Bridge Drive.

[0018]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a conventional series circuit.

[0019]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a conventional parallel circuit.

[0020]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding 
circuit.

[0021]FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding 
circuit.

[0022]FIG. 9 is circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding 
circuit.

[0023]FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0024]FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0025]FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0026]FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire 
winding circuit.

[0027]FIG. 14 is a graphical illustration of a double wire inductive 
coil winding.

[0028]FIG. 15 is a graphical illustration of a cross-section of a double 
wire multi-layer same-directional winding.

[0029]FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0030]FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0031]FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0032]FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0033]FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0034]FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0035]FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0036]FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0037]FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0038]FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0039]FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0040]FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0041]FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0042]FIG. 29A is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit with core.

[0043]FIG. 29B is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit with core.

[0044]FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit with two cores.

[0045]FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit.

[0046]FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire 
winding circuit, core, and single wire winding.

[0047]FIG. 33 is a graphical illustration of a multi-layer 
same-directional double wire winding core.

[0048]FIG. 34 is a graphical illustration of double wire winding for a 
shaded motor.

[0049]FIG. 35 is a cross-section depicting the winding for a stator motor.

[0050]FIG. 36 is graphical illustration of wiring for a squirrel cage motor

[0051]FIG. 37 is a cross-section depicting the wiring for a single-phase 
squirrel motor.

[0052]FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series for the 
single-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0053]FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series and 
parallel for the single-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0054]FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in parallel for the 
single-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0055]FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of circuit with two capacitors and 
a centrifugal switch.

[0056]FIG. 42A is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 0 Degrees 
in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0057]FIG. 42B is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 45 Degrees 
in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0058]FIG. 42C is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 90 Degrees 
in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0059]FIG. 42D is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 135 
Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.

[0060]FIG. 42E is an illustrative plot of the four-phase clock timing 
waveform.

[0061]FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram of a 4-phase drive motor.

[0062]FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of a 2-phase drive motor.

[0063]FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of a 3-phase drive motor.

[0064]FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment using a light bulb.

[0065]APPENDIX 1 is a graphical illustration of the test setup for 
comparing a conventional single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase 
motor.

[0066]APPENDIX 2 is a detailed description of the test configuration and 
resulting data from comparative tests for the conventional single-phase 
motor and the re-wound single-phase motor of APPENDIX 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0067]Throughout the specification, and in the claims, the term 
"connected" means a direct electrical connection between the things that 
are connected, without any intermediary devices. The term "coupled" 
means either a direct electrical connection between the things that are 
connected, or an indirect connection through one or more passive or 
active intermediary devices. The term "circuit" means one or more 
passive and/or active components that are arranged to cooperate with one 
another to provide a desired function. The term "signal" means at least 
one current signal, voltage signal, electromagnetic wave signal, or data 
signal The meaning of "a", "an", and "the" include both singular and 
plural references. The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on".

[0068]Overview

[0069]Briefly stated, the present disclosure is related to an apparatus, 
system, and method of circuits and windings for electromagnetic power 
used to drive inductors, motors, generators, or any electromagnetic 
power source.

[0070]Electric power consumption for the electromagnetic power source is 
reduced yielding increased power conservation on the order of 150% to 
200% more energy conservation than those conventionally available. One 
example system includes a capacitor, an inductor, and a power line that 
are arranged in a series parallel combination tank circuit that operates 
over four quarters of a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: 
power is applied to the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor 
to the capacitor, current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor 
is charged. During the second quarter cycle;

[0071]current is released from the inductor as the capacitor discharges 
current to another parallel inductor or resistive load. During a third 
quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the opposite 
direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from the 
capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in 
the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or 
resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor 
releases current to incoming power line.

[0072]FIGS. 1A-D are block diagrams that provide an overview of the 
present disclosure. FIG. 1A illustrates that the circuits discussed 
herein may be directly connected to a standard outlet if there is no 
need to control the speed of the motor. FIG. 1B illustrates that a 
conventional H-bridge drive may be used to provide the AC electrical 
output for any of the circuits discussed herein. FIG. 1C illustrates 
that the Electric Power Source may be an inverting DC electric power 
input used in conjunction with an inductive winding. FIG. 1D illustrates 
that an improved drive circuit, using two H-bridge drives, may be used 
to convert AC input electric power source into AC electrical output. The 
circuits described include an inductor or motor/generator with an 
inductive winding; and a capacitor or condenser. A conventional 
single-wire winding or double-wire winding, which is winding multiple 
layers in one direction, may be used with the presently described 
apparatus. Examples of the motors that may be used as the inductive 
windings will also be discussed.

[0073]Unlike the conventional series or parallel separate circuits, the 
present disclosure uses a series parallel combination tank circuit that 
is designed to utilize resonance theory, where the exchange of energy 
between the capacitor and inductor results in increased power output. 
The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and backward 
direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from one 
inductor to another inductor or resistive load two times: one in the 
forward direction and one in the backward direction. Current flows in 
and out of a coil of the inductor such that an electromagnetic force of 
power is created that can be used for various applications.

[0074]The presently disclosed invention may be used with many different 
electro-mechanical apparatus including, but not limited to: 
steel-laminated core motors, shaded motors, stator motors, induction 
motors, single-phase motors, and multi-phase motors, to name a few.

[0075]Evaluated Circuits, Theories, and Topologies

[0076]A variety of conventional electrical resonant circuits have been 
identified and evaluated in contemplation of the present disclosure. One 
example conventional electro-magnetic machine is described in U.S. Pat. 
No. 4,959,573 to Roberts, which describes a single-phase dynamo-electric 
machine that can be a motor or generator that has regulated magnetic 
symmetry. Such resonant circuits can be formed from capacitors and 
inductors. Capacitors store energy in the form of an electric field, and 
electrically manifest that stored energy as a potential that is 
measurable as a voltage. Inductors store energy in the form of a 
magnetic field, and electrically manifest that stored energy as a 
kinetic motion of electrons that is measurable as a current. Capacitors 
and inductors can be arranged to store and release energy in 
complementary modes with a process that resembles the movement of a 
mechanical pendulum.

[0077]A capacitor and inductor can be arranged in a resonant circuit. 
For such circuits, resonance occurs as the result of the collapsing 
magnetic field of the inductor generating an electric current in its 
windings that charges the capacitor and the discharging capacitor 
provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the 
inductor. The capacitor and inductor components will exchange energy 
back and forth between each other when either the capacitor or inductor 
starts out in a charged state. The exchange of energy results in the 
creating of AC voltages and currents for each respective component. The 
instantaneous application of voltage to the resonant circuit will result 
in the rapid charging of the capacitor, while the inductor will oppose 
the instantaneous change in current, leaving the capacitor in the 
charged state and the inductor in the discharged state.

[0078]The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, system, and method 
that encompass much more than a single motor or generator. The present 
disclosure describes a complete system for energy-efficiency that uses 
resonance in a combined series/parallel circuit, two 
inductors/motors/generators, and can output to a resistive load or 
resistor. Evaluated conventional designs are not as energy-efficient. 
Unlike the evaluated conventional designs, the present disclosure's 
combined parallel and series circuit, windings, and balanced inductor 
and capacitor arrangements conserve more energy. The same power input 
that normally powers one motor in the conventional art, can now power 
two motors/inductors.

[0079]In the present disclosure, current flows through the windings and 
charges the capacitor. At 90 degrees, there is no current flowing and 
the capacitor discharges into the inductor. At 180 degrees, the current 
is flowing from the opposite direction and charges the capacitor. At 270 
degrees, there is no current flowing and the capacitor discharges into 
the inductor.

[0080]Electric Power Source

[0081]FIGS. 2-4 illustrate example drive circuits that can utilize 
either an AC input source, or a DC input source as may be desired. A 
drive provides the excitation that causes an electrical motor to operate.

[0082]FIG. 2A illustrates a conventional inverter circuit that uses an 
H-bridge to convert DC power to AC Power. For example, a H-Bridge drive 
can be used in cars to convert battery power to AC power. AC power is 
applied to the input (AC IN) of a converter (e.g., a rectifier, a 
half-wave rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a single-phase rectifier, a 
multi-phase rectifier, a DC voltage regulator, a single-phase converter, 
a multi-phase converter, a pulse-width modulator converter, etc.). The 
converter is arranged to convert the AC input power to a DC power supply 
voltage (e.g., HI_DC and LO_DC, where HI_DC corresponds to the high 
power supply potential and LO_DC corresponds to the low power supply 
potential).

[0083]A driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged to selectively activate 
portions of the H-bridge driver to create a pulsed output signal. The 
driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged in cooperation with a timer control 
circuit (TIMER) to control the actuation of various switching mechanisms 
in the H-bridge circuit to adjust the various pulse widths of the AC 
output of the inverter.

[0084]The timing control circuit (TIMER) is responsive to a clock signal 
(CLOCK) to provide timing control signals to the driver circuit 
(DRIVER). The driver circuit is arranged to provide control signals to 
the H-bridge circuit such that the cycle-time for the actuation of each 
switching mechanism in the H-bridge driver circuit provides a desired AC 
output signal at the AC OUT terminals.

[0085]An example H-bridge circuit may include four transistors such as 
transistors Q1P, Q1M, Q2P, and Q2M. Transistor Q1P is an P-type bipolar 
junction transistor (BJT) that includes an emitter that is coupled to 
HI_DC, a collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 1, and a base that 
is coupled to signal CTL1P. Transistor Q1M is an N-type BJT that 
includes a collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 2, an emitter 
that is coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled to signal CTL1M. 
Transistor Q2P is a P-type BJT that includes a collector that is coupled 
to HI_DC, a emitter that is coupled to AC OUT 2, and a base that is 
coupled to signal CTL2P. Transistor Q2M is a N-type BJT that includes a 
collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 1, an emitter that is 
coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled to signal CTL2M. Depending 
on the device needed, four N-type (NPN) transistors or two N-type and 
two P-type or Darlington type transistors may be used.

[0086]The timer circuit cooperates with the driver circuit to provide 
signals CTL1P, CTL2P, CTL1M and CTL2M. Transistors Q1P and Q1M are 
selectively activated to generate a positive pulse between terminals AC 
OUT 1 and AC OUT 2, while transistors Q2P and Q2M are selectively 
activated to generate a negative pulse between terminals AC OUT 1 and AC 
OUT 2. The combination of the positive and negative pulses yields an AC 
output signal between terminals AC OUT 1 and AC OUT 2. The AC electrical 
output can connect to any of the circuits discussed herein. In FIG. 2B, 
the timing waveform for the H-Bridge Drive is compared with the clock 
signal.

[0087]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram that illustrates a DC drive 
circuit. The drive circuit includes four transistors (Q1P, Q2P, Q1M, and 
Q2M), six rectifiers (RCT1-RCT6), a double wire winding (D), and a 
capacitor (C). The four transistors are arranged to operate in a similar 
manner as the H-bridge driver of FIG. 2A. The physical wiring for the 
double wire winding is explained in the section, "Double Wire Winding." 
Current is traveling through the first winding of the double-wire 
winding (iD1) and current is traveling through the second winding of the 
double-wire winding (iD2).

[0088]As shown in FIG. 3A, the driver is separated for two inverting DC 
power to drive each winding of the double wire winding (D) in opposite 
directions. Transistors Q1M and Q1P are activated during a first half 
cycle relative to the input signal, and deactivated during a second half 
cycle. Similarly, transistors Q2M and Q2P are activated in the second 
half cycle and deactivated during the first half cycle.

[0089]When the power is on during the first half cycle, transistors Q1M 
and Q1P are active and an electrical current (iD1) flows through from 
Q1M through the first winding of the double wire winding (D) to Q1P 
until the end of the cycle. During the off-cycle, transistors Q1P and 
Q1M are off and the stored electrical current from the first winding 
(iD1) discharges through the first rectifier (RCT1) and the second 
rectifier (RCT2) to the capacitor (C), charging the capacitor (C).

[0090]During the second half cycle, Q2M and Q2P act the same as 
described for Q1M and Q1P. The current (iD2) flows from Q2M through the 
second winding of the double-wire winding (D) to Q2P. During the 
off-cycle, transistors Q2P and Q2M are off and the stored electrical 
current from the second winding discharges through the third rectifier 
(RCT3) and the fourth rectifier (RCT4) to the capacitor (C), charging 
the capacitor (C). Unlike the AC power input described in FIG. 2A, the 
DC drive circuit illustrated in FIG. 3A does not connect to the other 
circuits discussed herein. The inductive winding in FIG. 3A, however, 
may be replaced by the motors discussed herein.

[0091]As shown in FIG. 3B, the transistors Q1P and Q1M are active in the 
first half of the charging cycle and the transistors Q2P and Q2M are 
active in the second half of the charging cycle. Likewise, the third and 
fourth rectifiers (RCT3, RCT4) charge the capacitor in the first half of 
the charging cycle and the first and second rectifiers (RCT1, RCT2) 
charge the capacitor in the second half of the charging cycle. 
Therefore, the capacitor is charged twice in one complete cycle. The 
current returns to the power source when the capacitor voltage is the 
same as the input power source (VDC). FIG. 3B compares the currents iD1 
and iD2 against the signals provided and voltage in the capacitor with 
respect to time.

[0092]FIG. 4A shows an improved drive circuit, using two H-Bridge drives 
with circuit options for Drive 1 and Drive 2. Unlike the AC power input 
described in FIG. 2A, the improved drive circuit illustrated in FIG. 4A 
does not connect to the other circuits discussed herein. The inductive 
windings in FIG. 4A, however, may be replaced by the motors discussed 
herein. In FIG. 4B, there are two circuit options for Drive 1. The first 
option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor 
(C1); said capacitor (C1) is coupled in parallel to a full-wave 
rectifier that is coupled in parallel to a capacitor (C2) or battery, as 
shown in Option 1. A second option is a double wire winding (D) coupled 
in parallel to a full-wave rectifier that is coupled in parallel with a 
capacitor (C), as shown in Option 2. In FIG. 4C, there are three options 
for Drive 2. The first option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in 
parallel to the capacitor (C), as shown in Option 1. The second option 
is a double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C), as 
shown in Option 2. The third option is a single wire winding (D) coupled 
in series to capacitor (C), as shown in Option 3.

[0093]In the two H-Bridge Drive, a converter is arranged to convert AC 
input power to a DC power supply, the DRIVER is arranged to selectively 
activate portions of the first bridge drive, and the TIMER controls the 
actuation of various switching for the first bridge drive, as previously 
discussed for a conventional H-bridge drive. DC power is input through H 
bridge drive 1 to drive the inductive winding (D). The rectifier then 
converts AC power to DC power to charge capacitor (C2) (or battery) and 
a second DRIVER and second TIMER provides the DC power input to H bridge 
drive 2, which drives another circuit with inductive winding (D) to 
yield an AC output signal as discussed above.

[0094]Inductive Winding for Inductor, Motor, or Generator

[0095]When wire is wound into a coil configuration, the current flowing 
in the coil produces a magnetic field around the coil. In the present 
disclosure, wire may be wound around a core (which produces the 
inductor), in the stator of a motor, or in the windings of a generator. 
The motor's coils will be referred by the term "windings".

[0096]According to the present disclosure, single or double wire 
windings may be used for the inductive winding, depending on the power 
output needed. The inductive winding may be connected in series or 
parallel as discussed herein. One skilled in the art will appreciate 
that various folds may be made to the inductor, stator in the motor, or 
windings in the generator without departing from the spirit and scope of 
the present invention.

[0097]Example Circuits

[0098]Illustrative examples of electric circuits in accordance with the 
system will be described in detail below. As it will be apparent to one 
skilled in the art, however, the present disclosure is in no way limited 
to the illustrated embodiment or implementation.

[0099]The following key shall be used for the circuit drawings:

TABLE-US-00001 Symbol Description IN Electric Power In C Capacitor or 
Condenser D Inductive Winding (can be inductor, stator of motor, or 
windings in generator) R Resistive Load T Transformer W Winding

[0100]In addition, the symbols + and - in the figures show the direction 
of current flow in the windings.

[0101]FIG. 5 shows a conventional series circuit. FIG. 6 shows a 
conventional parallel circuit.

[0102]In the present disclosure, the power output for the 
electromechanical device is increased by utilizing resonance theory. For 
example, in the series and combination circuit shown in FIG. 7, the wire 
in the inductive winding (D2) has two ends. One end of the wire connects 
to the second incoming AC power line node 10 and the other end is 
connected in series to one of two capacitor wires 12. The second 
capacitor wire connects to the first AC power line node 14. At the same 
time, two of the capacitor wires (16, 18) connect in parallel to another 
inductor (D1) or a resistive load (see FIG. 8), for example a light bulb.

[0103]When the power is applied, during the first quarter of cycle, 0 to 
90 degrees, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor. As the 
capacitor is charged, current is stored in the inductor. During the 
second quarter of cycle, 90 to 180 degrees, current releases from the 
inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel 
inductor or resistive load. During the third quarter of cycle, 180 to 
270 degrees, current flows in the capacitor from the opposite direction, 
as the capacitor is charged at the same time. Current pushes out from 
the capacitor to the incoming power line as current is stored in the 
inductor. During the fourth quarter of the power cycle, 270 to 360 
degrees, the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, and current 
parallel to another inductor or resistive load flows in the opposite 
direction and the inductor releases current to incoming power line. One 
power cycle is completed.

[0104]The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and backward 
direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from inductor to 
another inductor or resistive load two times: one in the forward 
direction and one in the backward direction. When current flows in and 
out of a coil of the inductor, it creates an electromagnetic force of 
power that can be used for various applications.

[0105]When incoming power is applied to the device, current stored in 
and out of the inductor charges the capacitor and the capacitor 
discharges to another inductor or resistive load. At the same time, 
there is voltage across the inductor. The voltage across the capacitor 
and the voltage across the inductor connected in parallel to the 
capacitor are equal.

[0106]There is voltage across the inductor connected in series to the 
capacitor and there is voltage across the inductor connected in parallel 
to the capacitor. Since Power=voltage.times.current, a single power 
input produces two branches of electromagnetic power output, increasing 
the power output. In the alternative, the present disclosure may have 
one electromagnetic power output with less energy input.

[0107]Single Wire Winding

[0108]FIGS. 7 through 13 illustrate circuits using single wire windings. 
FIG. 7 shows a series and parallel combination circuit. Two windings are 
coupled to the capacitor (C), one in series (D2) and one in parallel 
(D1). FIG. 8 shows the winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor 
(C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a resistive load (R). 
FIG. 9 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with a capacitor (C) coupled in 
between in series and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a high 
resistive load (R). When power is stopped, the capacitor discharges to 
the resistor for safety reasons. FIG. 10 shows two windings (D1 and D2) 
with capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and the capacitor (C) 
coupled in parallel to a low resistive load (R). FIG. 11 shows two 
windings (D1 and D2) with capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and 
the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to another capacitor (C2) series 
coupled to a (R) resistive load. FIG. 12 shows two cores (Core 1 and 
Core 2) with capacitor (C) coupled in between in series, and capacitor 
(C) coupled in parallel to a single wire winding (D). FIG. 13 shows two 
windings (D1 and D2) coupled with capacitor (C) in between in series and 
the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a transformer (T).

[0109]Double Wire Winding

[0110]In the preferred embodiment, double wire winding is used for the 
inductive winding. In the conventional art, wiring is done in opposite 
directions. The present disclosure conserves energy by wiring in a 
common direction FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 illustrate double wire winding. The 
figures show how two wires are wrapped around the core in the same 
direction. As soon as the end of the core is reached, the wires are 
brought straight back to the starting position and wrapped in the same 
direction again. The wiring is done in multiple layers.

[0111]The two wires used to create a double wire winding are labeled 
Wire A and Wire B with the associated - or + sign to indicate the 
direction of current flow. In the figures to follow, the labels "A+, A-, 
B+, and B-" will be used to illustrate how the double wire winding is 
connected to the incoming power line and the capacitor. The negative (-) 
end of Wire B (B-) should be connected to the first incoming power line 
node and the negative (-) end of Wire A (A-) should be connected to the 
second incoming power line node. The positive (+) ends of Wire A (A+) 
and Wire B (B+) should be connected to the capacitor.

[0112]FIGS. 16 through 32 illustrate circuits using double wire 
windings. FIG. 16 shows the incoming AC or inverting pulsating power 
connected to a double wire winding (D) coupled to a capacitor (C). FIG. 
17 shows the double wire winding coupled in series. FIG. 18 shows a 
double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C) and the 
capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to another double wire winding (D2). 
FIG. 19 shows the double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to the 
capacitor (C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to resistive 
load (R). FIG. 20 shows double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to a 
capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel with a full-wave 
rectifier, which converts alternating current (AC) to direct current 
(DC), the full-wave rectifier coupled in parallel with capacitor (C2) or 
battery, and capacitor (C2) coupled in parallel with a resistive load 
(R). FIG. 21 shows the double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to 
the capacitor (C), the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to the primary 
transformer and the secondary transformer output coupled in parallel to 
a resistive load (R). FIG. 22 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in 
parallel to capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to double 
wire winding (D2), double wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C2) and capacitor (C2) coupled in parallel to (R) resistive 
load. FIG. 23 shows a double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to double wire 
winding (D2), double wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to capacitor 
(C2), and capacitor (C2) is coupled in parallel to single wire winding 
(D3). FIG. 24 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C), capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to double wire winding 
(D2), double wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to the primary 
transformer and the secondary transformer output coupled in parallel to 
a resistive load (R).

[0113]FIG. 25 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to the 
capacitor (C), capacitor (C) coupled in series with resistive load (R) 
or capacitor (C2) and this combination coupled in parallel to double 
wire winding (D2). FIG. 26 shows double wire winding (D1) and double 
wire winding (D2) each parallel wired together. Double wire winding (D1) 
is coupled in series to the capacitor (C), capacitor (C) is coupled in 
series to double wire winding (D2), and capacitor (C) is coupled in 
parallel to a high resistive resistor (R), which is added to release 
current when the incoming power stops. FIG. 27 shows double wire winding 
(D1) and double wire winding (D2) each parallel wired together. Double 
wire winding (D1) is coupled in series to capacitor (C1) and capacitor 
(C1) is coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2). Double wire 
winding (D1) may also be coupled in parallel with capacitor (C2). FIG. 
28 shows double wire winding (D) parallel wired together and coupled in 
series to capacitor (C). Capacitor (C) is coupled in parallel to 
resistive load (R).

[0114]FIG. 29A shows a double wire winding core that is either series or 
parallel connected to itself, coupled in series with the capacitor (C), 
and capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to winding (D). FIG. 29B shows a 
winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor (C) and capacitor (C) 
coupled in parallel to a double wire winding core that is either series 
or parallel connected to itself. FIG. 30 shows two double wire winding 
cores either series or parallel connected to itself with a capacitor (C) 
coupled in between in series and capacitor (c) coupled in parallel to 
singe wire winding (D).

[0115]FIG. 31 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to 
capacitor (C1) and capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to single wire 
winding (D2). FIG. 32 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel 
to capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in series to capacitor (C2) 
and double wire winding core (Core), and this combination coupled in 
parallel to single wire winding (D2).

[0116]Steel-Laminated Core

[0117]FIG. 33 depicts a steel-laminated core with double wire winding in 
multiple layers in a common direction. The two wires used to create a 
double wire winding are labeled Wire A and Wire B with the associated - 
or + sign to indicate the direction of current flow. The circuit 
diagrams in FIG. 33 illustrate how the double wire winding should be 
connected to the incoming power line when a core is used. If the wires 
are connected in series, the negative (-) end of Wire B (B-) is 
connected to the first incoming power line node, the positive (+) end of 
Wire B (B+) is connected to the positive (+) end of Wire A (A+), and the 
negative (-) end of Wire A is connected to the second incoming power 
line node. If the wires are connected in parallel, the positive (+) end 
of Wire A (A+) and the negative (-) end of Wire B (B-) is connected to 
the first incoming power line node and the negative (-) end of Wire A 
(A-) and the positive (+) end of Wire B (B+) is connected to the second 
incoming power line node.

[0118]The core, as used in the circuits described above, is not used as 
an inductor. The core increases power to the other 
inductor/motor/generator (D) shown in the drawings.

[0119]Motor/Generator Examples

[0120]Any of the motors described below can be used as the inductive 
windings shown in the previous circuit drawings. These are illustrative 
examples and one skilled in the art will recognize that modifications to 
the motors can be made, depending on the power output desired.

[0121]One skilled in the art will also recognize that any of the motors 
discussed herein may be converted into a generator, which converts 
mechanical motion into electrical energy, if torque is applied to the 
rotor and the device is driven above synchronous speed. The present 
disclosure is meant to encompass the use of a generator as well.

[0122]Shaded Motor

[0123]FIG. 34 illustrates a shaded motor with double wire winding in 
multiple layers in one direction. The motor can be connected in series 
or parallel to drive itself or connect to any of the above circuit 
drawings.

[0124]Stator Motor

[0125]FIG. 35 illustrates four winding groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4), each 
wrapped around a post in the stator motor. Winding Groups 1 (W1) and 3 
(W3) are connected to the capacitor (C) in series. Winding Group 2 (W2) 
and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with the positive ends 
of W2 and W4 connected together. The negative ends of this combination 
are connected in parallel to the capacitor.

[0126]For any phase, if the wiring is reversed, the motor will turn in 
the opposite direction, counter-clockwise. For example, if Winding Group 
2 (W2) and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with their 
negative ends connected together, and the positive ends of this 
combination are connected in parallel with the capacitor, the motor will 
rotate counter-clockwise.

[0127]Single Phase Wiring

[0128]For single-phase wiring, there are four major winding groups (W1, 
W2, W3, and W4). Each winding group has sub-groups and one skilled in 
the art will appreciate that the actual number of sub-groups may be 
varied depending upon the motor's physical size, horsepower and 
rotational speed. Each sub-group has a few hundred to thousands of turns 
of winding wire.

[0129]FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are diagrams of single-phase wiring in a 
squirrel cage motor or permanent magnet rotor, illustrating how the 
coils for each sub-group are wrapped around the teeth or slot. Each 
winding group has three sub-groups (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C, 
4A, 4B, 4C). FIG. 36A is a diagram of the cross section for wiring. FIG. 
36B shows the side view of wiring for one group. Although a squirrel 
cage motor is depicted, this is merely one example of the type of motors 
that may be used. For example, a motor with permanent magnets may also 
be used.

[0130]FIG. 37 is a schematic for the cross-section of the wiring for a 
single-phase motor. There are twenty four (24 slots) shown for twelve 
sub-groups. For each sub-group, the wire is wound in each stator slot 
and wire is wound in the same direction from negative to positive out. 
One skilled in the art will appreciate that the actual number of stator 
slots may be varied depending upon the motor's physical size, horsepower 
and rotational speed.

[0131]FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of the present disclosure for 
single-phase motors with the sub-groups connected in series. FIG. 38 
shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the negative 
end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the negative end of 1B 
connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A, 3B, and 3C are also 
connected in series, with the positive end of 3A connected to the 
negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B connected to the negative 
end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is connected to the first power line 
node and the positive end of W3 is connected in series to the capacitor 
(C). The capacitor (C) is also series connected to the positive end of 
W1 and the negative end of W1 is connected to the second power line 
node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected in series, with the 
positive end of 4A connected to the negative end of 4B and the positive 
end of 4B is connected to the negative end of 4C. Sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 
2C are also connected in series, with the negative end of 2A connected 
to the positive end of 2B and the negative end of 2B connected to the 
positive end of 2C. The positive end of W2 and W4 are connected in 
series. This combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), 
with the negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor.

[0132]FIG. 39 illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure 
for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups for W1 and W3 connected in 
series and the sub-groups for W2 and W4 connected in parallel. FIG. 39 
shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the negative 
end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the negative end of 1B 
connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A, 3B, and 3C are also 
connected in series, with the positive end of 3A connected to the 
negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B connected to the negative 
end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is connected to the first power line 
node and the positive end of W3 is connected in series to the capacitor 
(C). The capacitor (C) is also series connected to the positive end of 
W1 and the negative end of W1 is connected to the second power line 
node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected in series with sub-groups 
2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive end of 2A is connected in series to the 
positive end of 4A, the positive end 2B is connected in series to the 
positive end of 4B, and the positive end of 2C is connected in series 
with the positive end of 4C. The negative ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are 
connected together. The negative ends of 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected 
together. This combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor 
(C), with the negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor (C).

[0133]FIG. 40 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present 
disclosure for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups connected in 
parallel. FIG. 40 shows subgroup 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together in 
parallel, with the positive ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together 
and the negative ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together. Subgroups 
3A, 3B, and 3C are also connected together in parallel, with the 
positive ends of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together and the negative ends 
of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together. The negative end of W3 is 
connected to the first power line node and the positive end of W3 is 
connected in series to the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also 
series connected to the positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1 is 
connected to the second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are 
connected in series with sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive end of 
2A is connected in series to the positive end of 4A, the positive end 2B 
is connected in series to the positive end of 4B, and the positive end 
of 2C is connected in series with the positive end of 4C. The negative 
ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are connected together. The negative ends of 4A, 
4B, and 4C are connected together. This combination is connected in 
parallel to the capacitor (C), with the negative ends of W2 and W4 
connected to the capacitor (C)

[0134]FIG. 41 shows how the circuit can be modified to provide more 
torque for staring the device, using two capacitors (C1 and C2), four 
inductive windings (D1, D2, D3, and D4), and a centrifugal switch. C2, 
the bigger capacitor, can be added in parallel to C1 and the centrifugal 
switch can control the starting time and turn of C2.

[0135]Multi-Phase Motor

[0136]FIGS. 42A through 42D, combined, illustrate the cross-section for 
the windings of a multi-phase motor or generator and the sequence in 
which the coils are energized in order to cause the permanent magnet 
attached to the rotor to rotate. The multi-phase motor or generator 
includes four phases, each 45 degrees apart: 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 
degrees, and 135 degrees and there are four winding groups for each 
phase (W1, W2, W3, and W4).

[0137]For clarification purposes, each phase for the multiphase motor or 
generator is shown in a separate figure, although all four phases are 
located within the motor or generator. For each phase, there are four 
winding groups and two of the winding groups are formed from combining 
two subgroups. Each sub-group has a few hundred to thousands of turns of 
winding wire.

[0138]FIGS. 42A through 42D illustrate how the winding groups for each 
phase are wrapped around the teeth or slot. For each winding group, the 
wire is wound in each stator slot and wire is wound in the same 
direction from negative to positive out. There are twenty four slots (S1 
through S24); although one skilled in the art will appreciate that the 
actual number of stator slots may be varied depending upon the motor's 
physical size, horsepower and rotational speed.

[0139]FIG. 42A illustrates the winding groups for Phase Group 0 degrees. 
W1 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to S12, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S2 to slot S11, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S9 to slot S16. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S13 to slot S24, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S14 to slot S23, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is 
formed from wrapping wire from slot S4 to slot S21.

[0140]FIG. 42B shows the winding groups for Phase Group 45 degrees. W1 
is formed by wrapping wire from slot S4 to S15, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S5 to slot S14, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S12 to slot S19. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S2 to slot S17, which forms the first sub-group, 
and from wire wrapped from slot S3 to slot S16, which forms the second 
sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is formed from 
wrapping wire from slot S7 to slot S24.

[0141]FIG. 42C shows the winding groups for Phase Group 90 degrees. W1 
is formed by wrapping wire from slot S7 to S18, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S8 to slot S17, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S15 to slot S22. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S5 to slot S20, which forms the first sub-group, 
and from wire wrapped from slot S6 to slot S19, which forms the second 
sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is formed from 
wrapping wire from slot S3 to slot S10.

[0142]FIG. 42D shows the winding groups for Phase Group 135 degrees. W1 
is formed by wrapping wire from slot S10 to S21, which forms the first 
sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S11 to slot S20, which forms 
the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2 is 
formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to slot S18. W3 is formed by 
wrapping wire from slot S8 to slot S23, which forms the first sub-group, 
and from wire wrapped from slot S9 to slot S22, which forms the second 
sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4 is formed from 
wrapping wire from slot S6 to slot S13.

[0143]The timing waveform for each phase, represented by a different 
design pattern, is shown in FIG. 42E. For each phase, the current flows 
at 0 degrees (on time) and then stops at 90 degrees (off time), then 
current flows in the opposite direction at 180 degrees (on time) and 
then stops at 270 degrees (off time).

[0144]Connection of Motor to Capacitor

[0145]FIG. 43 is a schematic of a 4-phase drive motor. Each phase group 
of the multiphase wire windings, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 
135 degrees, connects to a capacitor (C). For each phase group, W1 and 
W3 are connected in series to the capacitor. W2 is connected in series 
to W4 and this combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor. 
The details of the wiring for a single-phase are discussed above.

[0146]FIG. 44 illustrates how the four-phase drive motor can be 
converted into a two-phase motor or two-phase power output. Phase group 
0 degrees and Phase group 45 degrees are combined and Phase group 90 
degrees and Phase group 135 degrees are combined. The negative ends of 
W3 for Phase group 0 degrees and W3 for Phase group 45 degrees are 
connected together and this combination is then connected to the first 
incoming power line node. The negative ends of W1 for Phase group 0 
degrees and W1 for Phase group 45 degrees are connected together and 
this combination is connected to the second incoming power line node. 
Likewise, the negative ends of W3 for Phase group 90 degrees and W3 for 
Phase group 135 degrees are connected together and this combination is 
then connected to the first incoming power line node. The negative ends 
of W1 for Phase group 90 degrees and W1 for Phase group 135 degrees are 
connected together and this combination is connected to the second 
incoming power line node.

[0147]FIG. 45 is a schematic of a 3-phase drive motor. Each phase group, 
0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, connects to a capacitor (c). For 
each phase group, W1 and W3 are connected in series to the capacitor. W2 
is connected in series to W4 and this combination is connected in 
parallel to the capacitor. The details of the wiring for a single-phase 
are discussed above

[0148]Light Bulb Energy Conservation

[0149]FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure that 
conserves light bulb energy. In a test conducted, on Nov. 16, 1998, a 
light bulb was installed according to the schematic disclosed in FIG. 46 
and is still running seven years later.

[0150]Since Apparent Power (VA)=Current (A).times.Voltage (V), the 
calculations below illustrate energy conservation for a 60 W light bulb. 
The voltage applied at the power input is 115 V. The apparent power for 
the Power Input Line (Line PIN) is measured at 126.5 VA. The apparent 
power measured for the shed motor fan is 126.5 VA and the apparent power 
measured for the light bulb is 65 VA. Therefore, 126 VA is measured at 
the input and a total of 191.5 VA is measured at the output, indicating 
an approximately 1.5 gain Calculations are also shown for the energy 
savings for a 75W Bulb.

[0151]60 W Bulb

[0152]Line PIN=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA

[0153]Light Bulb=0.52 A.times.125V=65 VA

[0154]Shed Motor=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA

[0155]Gain=(126.5 VA+65 VA)/126.5 VA=1.513 times

[0156]75 W Bulb

[0157]Line PIN=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA

[0158]Light Bulb=0.57 A.times.100V=60.42 VA

[0159]Shed Motor Fan=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA

[0160]Gain=(111.55 VA+60.42 VA)/111.55=1.54 times

[0161]Or

[0162]Shed Motor Fan=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA

[0163]Light Bulb=60 W

[0164]Gain=(126.5 VA+60 VA)/111.55 VA=1.67 times

Example Comparison Between Conventional Single-Phase Motor and Re-Wound 
Single-Phase Motor

[0165]Appendix 1 illustrates the test setup for comparing a conventional 
single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase motor.

[0166]Appendix 2 describes the test configuration and resulting data 
from the comparative tests. The tables compare the performance of a 
conventional Central Machinery Bench Grinder single-phase motor model 
#39798, 3450 rpm (already considered an energy-efficient motor), versus 
the same motor rewound using the inventive features of the present 
disclosure. The single-phase motor is rewound using four major winding 
groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4) with four sub-groups for W1 and W3 and two 
sub-groups for W2 and W4, connected in series, as discussed above for 
wiring in series for a single-phase motor. FIG. 38 may be used as a 
guide, although there are three sub-groups for W1, W2, W3, and W4 shown.

[0167]The tests do not provide figures for the true power consumption of 
the conventional motor and re-wound motor, but a comparison of the data 
between the two motors shows that the re-wound motor conserves more 
energy. For example, the Line PIN of the conventional motor on load is 
measured at 345 VA and the power output measured is at 373.75 VA, 
whereas the Line PIN of the re-wound motor on load is measured at 184 VA 
and the power output measured is at 361 VA. The data illustrates that 
much less energy is consumed to generate a similar mechanical power 
output in the re-wound motor.

[0168]In general, the presently described apparatus, system and methods 
conserve energy by utilizing resonance theory in a system that includes 
a motor and an electric circuit. The resonance in the electric circuit 
occurs at a particular frequency when the inductive reactance and the 
capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude, causing electrical energy 
to oscillate between the magnetic field of the inductor and the electric 
field of the capacitor. Although the preceding description describes 
various embodiments of the system, the present disclosure is not limited 
to such embodiments, but rather covers all modifications, alternatives, 
and equivalents that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
Since many embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit and 
scope of the present invention, the invention resides in the claims 
hereinafter appended.

* * * * *
Best Regards
Stefan Sundström

  Mick, I thought of this Patent Application when you guys were 
discussing the Ron Brandt wiring of the slots. I can see Knoe Going 
Nuts! Lol

On 11/15/2018 12:18 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hi Norm,
>
> How did you locate that application, what were you searching for?
>
> Odd way to wire a transformer but I like the pair of H bridges working 
> against each other for power correction.
>
> Do not have time yet to study it in depth, what is your opinion of the 
> most salient points?
>
>
>
> On 11/15/2018 9:45 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Please review this Patent.
>>
>> United States Patent Application 20070296373
>> Kind Code A1
>> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in 
>> Motor, Generator, and Product Components
>>
>> Abstract
>> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series 
>> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of 
>> a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to 
>> the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to the 
>> capacitor, current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is 
>> charged. During the second quarter cycle; current is released from 
>> the inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel 
>> inductor or resistive load. During a third quarter cycle: current 
>> flows in the capacitor from the opposite direction, the capacitor is 
>> charged, current pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power 
>> line, and current is stored in the inductor. During the fourth 
>> quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, 
>> current parallel to another inductor or resistive load flows in the 
>> opposite direction, and the inductor releases current to incoming 
>> power line.
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
>> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
>> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
>> STUDIO CITY
>> CA
>> 91604-1260
>> US
>>
>> Serial No.: 426571
>> Series Code: 11
>> Filed: June 26, 2006
>>
>> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
>> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
>> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>>
>>
>> On 11/15/2018 10:51 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Sven,
>>>
>>> Excellent work!
>>>
>>> I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30 
>>> volts or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps, and 
>>> blew some very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000 amp 
>>> so I imagine you have gone through your share of silicon parts. At 
>>> least the TVS diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the 
>>> pulse width adjustment.
>>>
>>> What is your reactive power/input power ?
>>>
>>> How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in 
>>> capacitors?
>>> If you have rotoverter use like this -
>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull 
>>>> inverter for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz 
>>>> 650Hz is fully adjustable and the pulse width.
>>>> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works 
>>>> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V 
>>>> peaks. I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and 
>>>> this one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum 
>>>> housing and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all gone. 
>>>> By shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in the 
>>>> lines apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets are 
>>>> very hot although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off voltage at 
>>>> the drain increases in the kilovolt range when the transverter is 
>>>> connected. The complete line to Transverter is also shielded. I now 
>>>> wanted to build an Energy Recovery Snubber to recycle that energy. 
>>>> First test show that you can drive the transverter so much more 
>>>> efficient. I have to build this inverter even more reliable or change.
>>>> Best regards
>>>> Sven
>>>>
>