Body
Oh shit it's doing the magnetic reconnect!
On 11/15/2018 11:13 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>
> Mick and all others interested! Rather interesting concepts here!
> Here is the whole document that I down loaded as a PDF file!
>
> United States Patent Application 20070296373
> Kind Code A1
> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in Motor,
> Generator, and Product Components
>
> Abstract
> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series
> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters of
> a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is applied to
> the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor,
> current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor is charged.
> During the second quarter cycle; current is released from the inductor
> as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel inductor or
> resistive load. During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the
> capacitor from the opposite direction, the capacitor is charged,
> current pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power line, and
> current is stored in the inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle:
> the capacitor discharges in the opposite direction, current parallel
> to another inductor or resistive load flows in the opposite direction,
> and the inductor releases current to incoming power line.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
> STUDIO CITY
> CA
> 91604-1260
> US
>
> Serial No.: 426571
> Series Code: 11
> Filed: June 26, 2006
>
> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> Claims
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> 1. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an
> electric power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an
> electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical
> power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power
> source;an inductor circuit that has a first associated reactance,
> wherein the inductor circuit is comprised of at least one winding in
> the electromechanical device;a capacitor circuit that has a second
> associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the capacitor
> circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a resonance
> that occurs at a particular frequency when the first reactance is
> matched to the second reactance such that electrical energy oscillates
> between a magnetic field of the inductor and an electric field
> associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is arranged such
> that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.
>
> 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further arranged
> for operation from one of an AC power source, a standard AC power
> outlet, and a DC power source.
>
> 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a power inverter that
> is arranged to condition an AC power source to a DC electric power
> input for the apparatus.
>
> 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit
> that is arranged to selectively charge the inductor circuit.
>
> 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a
> first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the
> first and second transistors are selectively activated during a first
> interval to charge a first winding of the inductor circuit in a first
> direction, the third and fourth transistors are selectively activated
> during a second interval to charge a second winding of the inductor
> circuit in a second direction; anda first, second, third, and fourth
> rectifier circuit, wherein: the first and second rectifiers are
> arranged to charge the capacitor circuit during the second interval,
> and the third and fourth rectifiers are arranged to charge the
> capacitor during the first interval.
>
> 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the DC drive circuit comprises:a
> first, second, third, and fourth transistor circuit, wherein: the
> first transistor circuit includes a first collector that is coupled to
> a first terminal for a first winding of the inductor circuit, the
> second transistor circuit includes a second collector that is coupled
> to a second terminal for the first winding of the inductor circuit,
> the third transistor circuit includes a third collector that is
> coupled to a first terminal for a second winding of the inductor
> circuit, the fourth transistor circuit includes a fourth collector
> that is coupled to the second terminal for the second winding of the
> inductor circuit; anda first, second, third, and fourth rectifier
> circuit, wherein: the first rectifier circuit is coupled between a
> first terminal of the capacitor circuit and the first terminal of the
> first winding, the second rectifier circuit is coupled between the
> second terminal of the first winding and a second terminal of the
> capacitor circuit, the third rectifier circuit is coupled between the
> first terminal of the capacitor circuit and the second terminal of the
> second winding, the fourth rectifier circuit is coupled between the
> first terminal of the second winding and the second terminal of the
> capacitor circuit.
>
> 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first transistor circuit
> includes a first emitter that is arranged for operation from a first
> terminal of the power source, wherein the second transistor circuit
> includes a second emitter that is arranged for operation from a second
> terminal of the power source, wherein the third transistor circuit
> includes a third emitter that is arranged for operation from the first
> terminal of the power source, and wherein the fourth transistor
> circuit includes a fourth emitter that is arranged for operation from
> the second terminal of the power source.
>
> 8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a DC drive circuit
> arranged to drive: a first current in a first winding of the inductor
> circuit, and a second current in a second winding of the inductor
> circuit, wherein a first direction associated with the first current
> is opposite a second direction associated with the second current.
>
> 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first and second windings of
> the inductor circuit are arranged as a double-wire winding.
>
> 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a third and a fourth
> winding of the inductor circuit;a second capacitor circuit that has a
> second associated reactance, wherein the inductor circuit and the
> capacitor circuit are arranged to operate as a tank circuit that has a
> resonance that occurs at a particular frequency when the first
> reactance is matched to the second reactance such that electrical
> energy oscillates between a magnetic field of the inductor and an
> electric field associated with the capacitor, wherein the apparatus is
> arranged such that power conservation is improved by more than 100%.
>
> 11. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an improved drive
> circuit, the improved drive circuit comprising:a rectifier circuit
> that is coupled to an AC input power source, wherein the rectifier
> circuit is arranged to provide a DC power source;a first inductive
> winding circuit;a second inductive winding circuit;a first H-bridge
> drive circuit that is arranged for operation from the DC power source,
> wherein the first H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the
> first inductive winding circuit; anda second H-bridge drive circuit
> that is also arranged for operation from the DC power source, wherein
> the second H-bridge drive circuit is configured to drive the second
> inductive winding circuit.
>
> 12. The apparatus of claim 11, the first inductive winding circuit
> further comprising at least one of: a single wire winding that is
> coupled in series to a first capacitor circuit that is coupled in
> parallel with a component circuit, and a double wire winding that is
> coupled in parallel to the component circuit, wherein the component
> circuit comprises at least one of: a second rectifier circuit, a
> second capacitor, and the second capacitor coupled to an output of the
> second rectifier circuit.
>
> 13. The apparatus of claim 11, the second inductive winding circuit
> further comprising at least one of: a first single wire winding that
> is coupled in parallel with a first capacitor, a second single wire
> winding that is coupled in series with a second capacitor, and a
> double wire winding that is coupled in parallel with a third capacitor.
>
> 14. The apparatus of claim 1, the electromechanical device comprising
> at least one of: a motor, a generator, a light bulb, a shaded motor, a
> stator motor, an induction motor, a steel-laminated core motor, a
> squirrel cage motor, a single-phase motor, a two-phase motor, a
> three-phase motor, a four-phase motor, and a multi-phase motor.
>
> 15. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising at least one
> of a parallel resonance circuit and a series resonance circuit.
>
> 16. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first
> single wire winding in the electromechanical device that is coupled in
> series with the capacitor circuit, and a component circuit that is
> coupled in parallel with the capacitor circuit, wherein the component
> circuit comprises at least one of: a second single wire winding in the
> electromechanical device, a first resistor, a second resistor that is
> series coupled to a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a primary
> side of a transformer, and a rectifier circuit.
>
> 17. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising: a first
> single wire winding in the electromechanical device, and a second
> single wire winding in the electromechanical device, wherein the
> capacitor circuit is series coupled between the first single wire
> winding and the second single wire winding.
>
> 18. The apparatus of claim 17, the tank circuit further comprising: a
> component circuit that is coupled in parallel with the capacitor
> circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a
> first resistor, a second resistor that is coupled in series with a
> second capacitor, a third capacitor, a third single wire winding in
> the electromechanical device, a primary side of a transformer, and a
> rectifier circuit.
>
> 19. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit further comprising: a
> first core in the electromechanical device, a second core in the
> electromechanical device, and a parallel circuit that is coupled
> between the first core and the second core, wherein the parallel
> circuit comprises at least one of: the capacitor circuit, the inductor
> circuit, a resistor circuit, a first parallel combination of the
> resistor circuit and the capacitor circuit, and a second parallel
> combination of the capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit.
>
> 20. The apparatus of claim 1, the tank circuit comprising: a double
> wire winding core in the electromechanical device that is wired in at
> least one of a series configuration and a parallel configuration,
> wherein the double wire winding core is coupled to at least one of:
> the capacitor circuit, the inductor circuit, a first parallel
> combination of the capacitor circuit and the inductor circuit, a
> resistor circuit, a second parallel combination of the resistor
> circuit and the capacitor circuit, and a second double wire winding
> core in the electromechanical device.
>
> 21. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double
> wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second
> winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that
> is wound around a core, wherein the second winding is comprised of a
> second wire that is wound around the core in a common direction with
> the first wire, and wherein the first wire and the second wire are
> arranged according to one of: a single layer arrangement and a
> multiple layer arrangement.
>
> 22. The apparatus of claim 1, the inductor circuit comprising a double
> wire winding inductive coil that includes a first winding and a second
> winding, wherein the first winding is comprised of a first wire that
> is wound around a core from a starting position, wherein the second
> winding is comprised of a second wire that is wound around the core in
> a common direction with the first wire from the same starting
> position, wherein the first and second wires are further wound around
> the core a second time from the same starting position to form a
> multi-layer arrangement.
>
> 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the double wire winding
> inductive coil is arranged such that the first wire and the second
> wire each include a negative end and a positive end, wherein the
> negative end of the first wire is located adjacent to the positive end
> of the second wire, and wherein the positive end of the first wire is
> located adjacent to the negative end of the second wire.
>
> 24. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a first power line
> node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire and a
> second power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the
> second wire, wherein a component circuit is coupled between the
> positive end of the first wire and the positive end of the second
> wire, wherein the component circuit comprises at least one of: a wire,
> the capacitor circuit, a single wire winding inductive coil, a second
> double wire winding inductive coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier
> circuit, a primary side of a transformer, the capacitor circuit
> coupled in parallel with the second double wire winding inductive
> coil, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the resistor
> circuit, the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the rectifier
> circuit, and the capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the
> primary side of the transformer, wherein the tank circuit is arranged
> to operate when power is applied across the first power line node and
> the second power line node.
>
> 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the first double wire winding
> inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is
> coupled to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of
> the second wire, and a second power line node is coupled to the
> positive end of the first wire and the negative end of the second wire
> through a component circuit, wherein the component circuit comprises
> at least one of: a wire, the capacitor circuit, a resistor circuit,
> and the capacitor circuit in parallel with the resistor circuit,
> wherein the tank circuit is arranged to operate when power is applied
> across the first power line node and the second power line node.
>
> 26. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising: a second double
> wire winding inductive coil that includes a third winding and a fourth
> winding, wherein the third winding is comprised of a third wire that
> is wound around a second core, wherein the fourth winding is comprised
> of a fourth wire that is wound around the second core in a second
> common direction with the third wire, wherein the second double wire
> winding inductive coil is arranged such that the third wire and the
> fourth wire each include a negative end and a positive end, wherein
> the negative end of the third wire is located adjacent to the positive
> end of the fourth wire, and wherein the positive end of the third wire
> is located adjacent to the negative end of the fourth wire.
>
> 27. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising: a first power line
> node that is coupled to the negative end of the first wire, and a
> second power line node that is coupled to the negative end of the
> second wire, wherein the second double wire winding inductive coil is
> arranged such that the negative end of the third wire is coupled to
> the positive end of the second wire and the negative end of the fourth
> wire is coupled to the positive end of the first wire, wherein the
> tank circuit is arranged to operate when power is applied across the
> first power line node and the second power line node.
>
> 28. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a component circuit
> that is coupled between the positive end of the third wire and the
> positive end of the fourth wire, wherein the component circuit
> comprises at least one of: the capacitor circuit, a single wire
> winding inductive coil, a resistor circuit, a rectifier circuit, a
> primary side of a transformer, the capacitor circuit coupled in
> parallel with the single wire winding inductive coil, the capacitor
> circuit coupled in parallel with the resistor circuit, the capacitor
> circuit coupled in parallel with the rectifier circuit, and the
> capacitor circuit coupled in parallel with the primary side of the
> transformer.
>
> 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first double wire winding
> inductive coil is arranged such that: a first power line node is
> coupled to the negative end of the first wire and the positive end of
> the second wire, and the positive end of the first wire and the
> negative end of the second wire are coupled to a first node, and
> wherein the second double wire winding inductive coil is arranged such
> that: a second power line node is coupled to the positive end of the
> third wire and the negative end of the fourth wire, and the negative
> end of the third wire and the positive end of the fourth wire are
> coupled to a second node, wherein the first node is coupled to the
> second node through a component circuit that comprises at least one
> of: a wire, the capacitor circuit, a resistor circuit, and the
> capacitor circuit in parallel with the resistor circuit, wherein the
> tank circuit is arranged to operate when power is applied across the
> first power line node and the second power line node.
>
> 30. An apparatus for efficient conversion of electrical energy from a
> power source to mechanical power, the apparatus comprising:an
> electromechanical device that is arranged to provide the mechanical
> power in response to the electrical energy from the electric power
> source;an inductive winding in the electromechanical device;a
> capacitor circuit that is arranged in cooperation with the inductive
> winding to form a resonant circuit, wherein the resonant circuit is
> arranged such that:during a first quarter cycle associated with the
> electric power source, a first current from the electric power source
> is stored in the inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit is charged
> with the first current from a first direction;during a second quarter
> cycle associated with the electric power source, the stored current is
> released from the inductor circuit and the capacitor circuit
> discharges to a component circuit in a forward direction;during a
> third quarter cycle associated with the electric power source, a
> second current charges the capacitor circuit from a second direction
> that is opposite the first direction; andduring a fourth quarter cycle
> associated with the electric power source, the capacitor circuit
> discharges to the component circuit in a backward direction and the
> inductive winding releases current to the electric power source,
> wherein the apparatus is arranged such that power conservation is
> improved by more than 100%.
>
> 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the component circuit comprises
> at least one of a second inductive winding in the electromechanical
> device, and a resistive load circuit.
>
> 32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the inductive winding is wound
> around a core.
>
> 33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the electromechanical device
> comprises least one of a motor and a generator.
>
> 34. A method for efficient conversion of electrical energy from an
> electric power source to mechanical power in an electromechanical
> device, the method comprising:during a first quarter cycle associated
> with the electric power source:providing a first current from the
> electric power source,storing the first current in an inductor circuit
> associated with the electromechanical device, andcharging a capacitor
> circuit with the first current from a first direction;during a second
> quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:releasing
> stored current from the inductor to a selected one of a load circuit
> and a second inductor circuit that is also associated with the
> electromechanical device, anddischarging the capacitor circuit to the
> selected one of the load circuit and the second inductor circuit in a
> forward direction;during a third quarter cycle associated with the
> electric power source:charging the capacitor circuit from a second
> direction that is opposite the first direction; andduring a fourth
> quarter cycle associated with the electric power source:discharging
> the capacitor circuit to the selected one of the load circuit and the
> second inductor circuit in a backward direction, andreleasing current
> to the electric power source, wherein the method is arranged such that
> power conservation is improved by more than100%.
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> Description
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------
>
> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
>
> [0001]a) Field of the Invention
>
> [0002]The present disclosure relates generally to an apparatus, system
> and method for conserving energy in electromagnetic circuits that may
> include an inductor, motor, generator, and capacitor or condenser.
>
> [0003]b) Background Art
>
> [0004]The presently described invention has a variety of applications
> including the ability to reduce reliance on gasoline and diesel fuel.
> As will be described, an energy-efficient electromagnetic circuit can
> be utilized to power electric motors, generators, and other power
> related applications. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the cost
> and availability of gasoline and diesel fuel, the presently described
> features have the potential to reduce the use of petrochemical fuel by
> conserving electrical energy.
>
> [0005]Electric motor efficiency is the measure of the ability of an
> electric motor to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy. An
> energy-efficient motor is a motor that gives the same mechanical
> output strength but uses less electrical energy input. To increase
> electric motor efficiency, the electric power consumption and motor
> losses must be reduced. Energy-efficient motors conserve electrical
> energy and may be used for a variety of uses, including within hybrid
> cars, to increase fuel-efficiency. Electrical motor power consumption
> efficiency (Efficiency) can be calculated by the following equation:
>
> Efficiency=(100%).times.(Mechanical power output)/(Electrical power
> input).
>
> [0006]The present disclosure has evaluated numerous conventional
> motor-related circuits and identified new methods that realize power
> conservation that is approximately 150% to around 200% better than
> conventionally available motors.
>
> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
>
> [0007]FIG. 1A is a block diagram of the system with a direct
> connection to the electric power source.
>
> [0008]FIG. 1B is a block diagram of the system with conventional
> H-Bridge Drive Circuit.
>
> [0009]FIG. 1C is a block diagram of the system with DC Drive.
>
> [0010]FIG. 1D is a block diagram of the system with Two-Bridge Drive
> Circuit.
>
> [0011]FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a conventional H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0012]FIG. 2B is an illustrative plot of the timing waveform for the
> H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0013]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a DC Drive.
>
> [0014]FIG. 3B is an illustrative graph of current versus signal versus
> voltage for the DC Drive.
>
> [0015]FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a Two H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0016]FIG. 4B illustrates the circuit options for Drive 1 in the Two
> H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0017]FIG. 4C illustrates the circuit options for Drive 2 in the Two
> H-Bridge Drive.
>
> [0018]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a conventional series circuit.
>
> [0019]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a conventional parallel circuit.
>
> [0020]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0021]FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0022]FIG. 9 is circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire winding
> circuit.
>
> [0023]FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0024]FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0025]FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0026]FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative single wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0027]FIG. 14 is a graphical illustration of a double wire inductive
> coil winding.
>
> [0028]FIG. 15 is a graphical illustration of a cross-section of a
> double wire multi-layer same-directional winding.
>
> [0029]FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0030]FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0031]FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0032]FIG. 19 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0033]FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0034]FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0035]FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0036]FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0037]FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0038]FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0039]FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0040]FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0041]FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0042]FIG. 29A is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit with core.
>
> [0043]FIG. 29B is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit with core.
>
> [0044]FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit with two cores.
>
> [0045]FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit.
>
> [0046]FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram of an illustrative double wire
> winding circuit, core, and single wire winding.
>
> [0047]FIG. 33 is a graphical illustration of a multi-layer
> same-directional double wire winding core.
>
> [0048]FIG. 34 is a graphical illustration of double wire winding for a
> shaded motor.
>
> [0049]FIG. 35 is a cross-section depicting the winding for a stator
> motor.
>
> [0050]FIG. 36 is graphical illustration of wiring for a squirrel cage
> motor
>
> [0051]FIG. 37 is a cross-section depicting the wiring for a
> single-phase squirrel motor.
>
> [0052]FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series for the
> single-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0053]FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in series and
> parallel for the single-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0054]FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of the wiring in parallel for the
> single-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0055]FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of circuit with two capacitors
> and a centrifugal switch.
>
> [0056]FIG. 42A is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 0
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0057]FIG. 42B is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 45
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0058]FIG. 42C is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 90
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0059]FIG. 42D is a cross-section of windings for Phase Group 135
> Degrees in a multi-phase squirrel cage motor.
>
> [0060]FIG. 42E is an illustrative plot of the four-phase clock timing
> waveform.
>
> [0061]FIG. 43 is a schematic diagram of a 4-phase drive motor.
>
> [0062]FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of a 2-phase drive motor.
>
> [0063]FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of a 3-phase drive motor.
>
> [0064]FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment using a light bulb.
>
> [0065]APPENDIX 1 is a graphical illustration of the test setup for
> comparing a conventional single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase
> motor.
>
> [0066]APPENDIX 2 is a detailed description of the test configuration
> and resulting data from comparative tests for the conventional
> single-phase motor and the re-wound single-phase motor of APPENDIX 1.
>
> DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
>
> [0067]Throughout the specification, and in the claims, the term
> "connected" means a direct electrical connection between the things
> that are connected, without any intermediary devices. The term
> "coupled" means either a direct electrical connection between the
> things that are connected, or an indirect connection through one or
> more passive or active intermediary devices. The term "circuit" means
> one or more passive and/or active components that are arranged to
> cooperate with one another to provide a desired function. The term
> "signal" means at least one current signal, voltage signal,
> electromagnetic wave signal, or data signal The meaning of "a", "an",
> and "the" include both singular and plural references. The meaning of
> "in" includes "in" and "on".
>
> [0068]Overview
>
> [0069]Briefly stated, the present disclosure is related to an
> apparatus, system, and method of circuits and windings for
> electromagnetic power used to drive inductors, motors, generators, or
> any electromagnetic power source.
>
> [0070]Electric power consumption for the electromagnetic power source
> is reduced yielding increased power conservation on the order of 150%
> to 200% more energy conservation than those conventionally available.
> One example system includes a capacitor, an inductor, and a power line
> that are arranged in a series parallel combination tank circuit that
> operates over four quarters of a complete cycle. During the first
> quarter cycle: power is applied to the tank circuit, current flows
> through the inductor to the capacitor, current is stored in the
> inductor, and the capacitor is charged. During the second quarter cycle;
>
> [0071]current is released from the inductor as the capacitor
> discharges current to another parallel inductor or resistive load.
> During a third quarter cycle: current flows in the capacitor from the
> opposite direction, the capacitor is charged, current pushes out from
> the capacitor to the incoming power line, and current is stored in the
> inductor. During the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in
> the opposite direction, current parallel to another inductor or
> resistive load flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor
> releases current to incoming power line.
>
> [0072]FIGS. 1A-D are block diagrams that provide an overview of the
> present disclosure. FIG. 1A illustrates that the circuits discussed
> herein may be directly connected to a standard outlet if there is no
> need to control the speed of the motor. FIG. 1B illustrates that a
> conventional H-bridge drive may be used to provide the AC electrical
> output for any of the circuits discussed herein. FIG. 1C illustrates
> that the Electric Power Source may be an inverting DC electric power
> input used in conjunction with an inductive winding. FIG. 1D
> illustrates that an improved drive circuit, using two H-bridge drives,
> may be used to convert AC input electric power source into AC
> electrical output. The circuits described include an inductor or
> motor/generator with an inductive winding; and a capacitor or
> condenser. A conventional single-wire winding or double-wire winding,
> which is winding multiple layers in one direction, may be used with
> the presently described apparatus. Examples of the motors that may be
> used as the inductive windings will also be discussed.
>
> [0073]Unlike the conventional series or parallel separate circuits,
> the present disclosure uses a series parallel combination tank circuit
> that is designed to utilize resonance theory, where the exchange of
> energy between the capacitor and inductor results in increased power
> output. The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and
> backward direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from
> one inductor to another inductor or resistive load two times: one in
> the forward direction and one in the backward direction. Current flows
> in and out of a coil of the inductor such that an electromagnetic
> force of power is created that can be used for various applications.
>
> [0074]The presently disclosed invention may be used with many
> different electro-mechanical apparatus including, but not limited to:
> steel-laminated core motors, shaded motors, stator motors, induction
> motors, single-phase motors, and multi-phase motors, to name a few.
>
> [0075]Evaluated Circuits, Theories, and Topologies
>
> [0076]A variety of conventional electrical resonant circuits have been
> identified and evaluated in contemplation of the present disclosure.
> One example conventional electro-magnetic machine is described in U.S.
> Pat. No. 4,959,573 to Roberts, which describes a single-phase
> dynamo-electric machine that can be a motor or generator that has
> regulated magnetic symmetry. Such resonant circuits can be formed from
> capacitors and inductors. Capacitors store energy in the form of an
> electric field, and electrically manifest that stored energy as a
> potential that is measurable as a voltage. Inductors store energy in
> the form of a magnetic field, and electrically manifest that stored
> energy as a kinetic motion of electrons that is measurable as a
> current. Capacitors and inductors can be arranged to store and release
> energy in complementary modes with a process that resembles the
> movement of a mechanical pendulum.
>
> [0077]A capacitor and inductor can be arranged in a resonant circuit.
> For such circuits, resonance occurs as the result of the collapsing
> magnetic field of the inductor generating an electric current in its
> windings that charges the capacitor and the discharging capacitor
> provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the
> inductor. The capacitor and inductor components will exchange energy
> back and forth between each other when either the capacitor or
> inductor starts out in a charged state. The exchange of energy results
> in the creating of AC voltages and currents for each respective
> component. The instantaneous application of voltage to the resonant
> circuit will result in the rapid charging of the capacitor, while the
> inductor will oppose the instantaneous change in current, leaving the
> capacitor in the charged state and the inductor in the discharged state.
>
> [0078]The present disclosure relates to an apparatus, system, and
> method that encompass much more than a single motor or generator. The
> present disclosure describes a complete system for energy-efficiency
> that uses resonance in a combined series/parallel circuit, two
> inductors/motors/generators, and can output to a resistive load or
> resistor. Evaluated conventional designs are not as energy-efficient.
> Unlike the evaluated conventional designs, the present disclosure's
> combined parallel and series circuit, windings, and balanced inductor
> and capacitor arrangements conserve more energy. The same power input
> that normally powers one motor in the conventional art, can now power
> two motors/inductors.
>
> [0079]In the present disclosure, current flows through the windings
> and charges the capacitor. At 90 degrees, there is no current flowing
> and the capacitor discharges into the inductor. At 180 degrees, the
> current is flowing from the opposite direction and charges the
> capacitor. At 270 degrees, there is no current flowing and the
> capacitor discharges into the inductor.
>
> [0080]Electric Power Source
>
> [0081]FIGS. 2-4 illustrate example drive circuits that can utilize
> either an AC input source, or a DC input source as may be desired. A
> drive provides the excitation that causes an electrical motor to operate.
>
> [0082]FIG. 2A illustrates a conventional inverter circuit that uses an
> H-bridge to convert DC power to AC Power. For example, a H-Bridge
> drive can be used in cars to convert battery power to AC power. AC
> power is applied to the input (AC IN) of a converter (e.g., a
> rectifier, a half-wave rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a
> single-phase rectifier, a multi-phase rectifier, a DC voltage
> regulator, a single-phase converter, a multi-phase converter, a
> pulse-width modulator converter, etc.). The converter is arranged to
> convert the AC input power to a DC power supply voltage (e.g., HI_DC
> and LO_DC, where HI_DC corresponds to the high power supply potential
> and LO_DC corresponds to the low power supply potential).
>
> [0083]A driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged to selectively activate
> portions of the H-bridge driver to create a pulsed output signal. The
> driver circuit (DRIVER) is arranged in cooperation with a timer
> control circuit (TIMER) to control the actuation of various switching
> mechanisms in the H-bridge circuit to adjust the various pulse widths
> of the AC output of the inverter.
>
> [0084]The timing control circuit (TIMER) is responsive to a clock
> signal (CLOCK) to provide timing control signals to the driver circuit
> (DRIVER). The driver circuit is arranged to provide control signals to
> the H-bridge circuit such that the cycle-time for the actuation of
> each switching mechanism in the H-bridge driver circuit provides a
> desired AC output signal at the AC OUT terminals.
>
> [0085]An example H-bridge circuit may include four transistors such as
> transistors Q1P, Q1M, Q2P, and Q2M. Transistor Q1P is an P-type
> bipolar junction transistor (BJT) that includes an emitter that is
> coupled to HI_DC, a collector that is coupled to terminal AC OUT 1,
> and a base that is coupled to signal CTL1P. Transistor Q1M is an
> N-type BJT that includes a collector that is coupled to terminal AC
> OUT 2, an emitter that is coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled
> to signal CTL1M. Transistor Q2P is a P-type BJT that includes a
> collector that is coupled to HI_DC, a emitter that is coupled to AC
> OUT 2, and a base that is coupled to signal CTL2P. Transistor Q2M is a
> N-type BJT that includes a collector that is coupled to terminal AC
> OUT 1, an emitter that is coupled to LO_DC, and a base that is coupled
> to signal CTL2M. Depending on the device needed, four N-type (NPN)
> transistors or two N-type and two P-type or Darlington type
> transistors may be used.
>
> [0086]The timer circuit cooperates with the driver circuit to provide
> signals CTL1P, CTL2P, CTL1M and CTL2M. Transistors Q1P and Q1M are
> selectively activated to generate a positive pulse between terminals
> AC OUT 1 and AC OUT 2, while transistors Q2P and Q2M are selectively
> activated to generate a negative pulse between terminals AC OUT 1 and
> AC OUT 2. The combination of the positive and negative pulses yields
> an AC output signal between terminals AC OUT 1 and AC OUT 2. The AC
> electrical output can connect to any of the circuits discussed herein.
> In FIG. 2B, the timing waveform for the H-Bridge Drive is compared
> with the clock signal.
>
> [0087]FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram that illustrates a DC drive
> circuit. The drive circuit includes four transistors (Q1P, Q2P, Q1M,
> and Q2M), six rectifiers (RCT1-RCT6), a double wire winding (D), and a
> capacitor (C). The four transistors are arranged to operate in a
> similar manner as the H-bridge driver of FIG. 2A. The physical wiring
> for the double wire winding is explained in the section, "Double Wire
> Winding." Current is traveling through the first winding of the
> double-wire winding (iD1) and current is traveling through the second
> winding of the double-wire winding (iD2).
>
> [0088]As shown in FIG. 3A, the driver is separated for two inverting
> DC power to drive each winding of the double wire winding (D) in
> opposite directions. Transistors Q1M and Q1P are activated during a
> first half cycle relative to the input signal, and deactivated during
> a second half cycle. Similarly, transistors Q2M and Q2P are activated
> in the second half cycle and deactivated during the first half cycle.
>
> [0089]When the power is on during the first half cycle, transistors
> Q1M and Q1P are active and an electrical current (iD1) flows through
> from Q1M through the first winding of the double wire winding (D) to
> Q1P until the end of the cycle. During the off-cycle, transistors Q1P
> and Q1M are off and the stored electrical current from the first
> winding (iD1) discharges through the first rectifier (RCT1) and the
> second rectifier (RCT2) to the capacitor (C), charging the capacitor (C).
>
> [0090]During the second half cycle, Q2M and Q2P act the same as
> described for Q1M and Q1P. The current (iD2) flows from Q2M through
> the second winding of the double-wire winding (D) to Q2P. During the
> off-cycle, transistors Q2P and Q2M are off and the stored electrical
> current from the second winding discharges through the third rectifier
> (RCT3) and the fourth rectifier (RCT4) to the capacitor (C), charging
> the capacitor (C). Unlike the AC power input described in FIG. 2A, the
> DC drive circuit illustrated in FIG. 3A does not connect to the other
> circuits discussed herein. The inductive winding in FIG. 3A, however,
> may be replaced by the motors discussed herein.
>
> [0091]As shown in FIG. 3B, the transistors Q1P and Q1M are active in
> the first half of the charging cycle and the transistors Q2P and Q2M
> are active in the second half of the charging cycle. Likewise, the
> third and fourth rectifiers (RCT3, RCT4) charge the capacitor in the
> first half of the charging cycle and the first and second rectifiers
> (RCT1, RCT2) charge the capacitor in the second half of the charging
> cycle. Therefore, the capacitor is charged twice in one complete
> cycle. The current returns to the power source when the capacitor
> voltage is the same as the input power source (VDC). FIG. 3B compares
> the currents iD1 and iD2 against the signals provided and voltage in
> the capacitor with respect to time.
>
> [0092]FIG. 4A shows an improved drive circuit, using two H-Bridge
> drives with circuit options for Drive 1 and Drive 2. Unlike the AC
> power input described in FIG. 2A, the improved drive circuit
> illustrated in FIG. 4A does not connect to the other circuits
> discussed herein. The inductive windings in FIG. 4A, however, may be
> replaced by the motors discussed herein. In FIG. 4B, there are two
> circuit options for Drive 1. The first option is a single wire winding
> (D) coupled in series to the capacitor (C1); said capacitor (C1) is
> coupled in parallel to a full-wave rectifier that is coupled in
> parallel to a capacitor (C2) or battery, as shown in Option 1. A
> second option is a double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to a
> full-wave rectifier that is coupled in parallel with a capacitor (C),
> as shown in Option 2. In FIG. 4C, there are three options for Drive 2.
> The first option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to
> the capacitor (C), as shown in Option 1. The second option is a double
> wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C), as shown in
> Option 2. The third option is a single wire winding (D) coupled in
> series to capacitor (C), as shown in Option 3.
>
> [0093]In the two H-Bridge Drive, a converter is arranged to convert AC
> input power to a DC power supply, the DRIVER is arranged to
> selectively activate portions of the first bridge drive, and the TIMER
> controls the actuation of various switching for the first bridge
> drive, as previously discussed for a conventional H-bridge drive. DC
> power is input through H bridge drive 1 to drive the inductive winding
> (D). The rectifier then converts AC power to DC power to charge
> capacitor (C2) (or battery) and a second DRIVER and second TIMER
> provides the DC power input to H bridge drive 2, which drives another
> circuit with inductive winding (D) to yield an AC output signal as
> discussed above.
>
> [0094]Inductive Winding for Inductor, Motor, or Generator
>
> [0095]When wire is wound into a coil configuration, the current
> flowing in the coil produces a magnetic field around the coil. In the
> present disclosure, wire may be wound around a core (which produces
> the inductor), in the stator of a motor, or in the windings of a
> generator. The motor's coils will be referred by the term "windings".
>
> [0096]According to the present disclosure, single or double wire
> windings may be used for the inductive winding, depending on the power
> output needed. The inductive winding may be connected in series or
> parallel as discussed herein. One skilled in the art will appreciate
> that various folds may be made to the inductor, stator in the motor,
> or windings in the generator without departing from the spirit and
> scope of the present invention.
>
> [0097]Example Circuits
>
> [0098]Illustrative examples of electric circuits in accordance with
> the system will be described in detail below. As it will be apparent
> to one skilled in the art, however, the present disclosure is in no
> way limited to the illustrated embodiment or implementation.
>
> [0099]The following key shall be used for the circuit drawings:
>
> TABLE-US-00001 Symbol Description IN Electric Power In C Capacitor or
> Condenser D Inductive Winding (can be inductor, stator of motor, or
> windings in generator) R Resistive Load T Transformer W Winding
>
> [0100]In addition, the symbols + and - in the figures show the
> direction of current flow in the windings.
>
> [0101]FIG. 5 shows a conventional series circuit. FIG. 6 shows a
> conventional parallel circuit.
>
> [0102]In the present disclosure, the power output for the
> electromechanical device is increased by utilizing resonance theory.
> For example, in the series and combination circuit shown in FIG. 7,
> the wire in the inductive winding (D2) has two ends. One end of the
> wire connects to the second incoming AC power line node 10 and the
> other end is connected in series to one of two capacitor wires 12. The
> second capacitor wire connects to the first AC power line node 14. At
> the same time, two of the capacitor wires (16, 18) connect in parallel
> to another inductor (D1) or a resistive load (see FIG. 8), for example
> a light bulb.
>
> [0103]When the power is applied, during the first quarter of cycle, 0
> to 90 degrees, current flows through the inductor to the capacitor. As
> the capacitor is charged, current is stored in the inductor. During
> the second quarter of cycle, 90 to 180 degrees, current releases from
> the inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another parallel
> inductor or resistive load. During the third quarter of cycle, 180 to
> 270 degrees, current flows in the capacitor from the opposite
> direction, as the capacitor is charged at the same time. Current
> pushes out from the capacitor to the incoming power line as current is
> stored in the inductor. During the fourth quarter of the power cycle,
> 270 to 360 degrees, the capacitor discharges in the opposite
> direction, and current parallel to another inductor or resistive load
> flows in the opposite direction and the inductor releases current to
> incoming power line. One power cycle is completed.
>
> [0104]The inductor stores and releases current in a forward and
> backward direction. The capacitor charges and discharges current from
> inductor to another inductor or resistive load two times: one in the
> forward direction and one in the backward direction. When current
> flows in and out of a coil of the inductor, it creates an
> electromagnetic force of power that can be used for various applications.
>
> [0105]When incoming power is applied to the device, current stored in
> and out of the inductor charges the capacitor and the capacitor
> discharges to another inductor or resistive load. At the same time,
> there is voltage across the inductor. The voltage across the capacitor
> and the voltage across the inductor connected in parallel to the
> capacitor are equal.
>
> [0106]There is voltage across the inductor connected in series to the
> capacitor and there is voltage across the inductor connected in
> parallel to the capacitor. Since Power=voltage.times.current, a single
> power input produces two branches of electromagnetic power output,
> increasing the power output. In the alternative, the present
> disclosure may have one electromagnetic power output with less energy
> input.
>
> [0107]Single Wire Winding
>
> [0108]FIGS. 7 through 13 illustrate circuits using single wire
> windings. FIG. 7 shows a series and parallel combination circuit. Two
> windings are coupled to the capacitor (C), one in series (D2) and one
> in parallel (D1). FIG. 8 shows the winding (D) coupled in series to
> the capacitor (C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a
> resistive load (R). FIG. 9 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with a
> capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and the capacitor (C)
> coupled in parallel to a high resistive load (R). When power is
> stopped, the capacitor discharges to the resistor for safety reasons.
> FIG. 10 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with capacitor (C) coupled in
> between in series and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a low
> resistive load (R). FIG. 11 shows two windings (D1 and D2) with
> capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and the capacitor (C)
> coupled in parallel to another capacitor (C2) series coupled to a (R)
> resistive load. FIG. 12 shows two cores (Core 1 and Core 2) with
> capacitor (C) coupled in between in series, and capacitor (C) coupled
> in parallel to a single wire winding (D). FIG. 13 shows two windings
> (D1 and D2) coupled with capacitor (C) in between in series and the
> capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a transformer (T).
>
> [0109]Double Wire Winding
>
> [0110]In the preferred embodiment, double wire winding is used for the
> inductive winding. In the conventional art, wiring is done in opposite
> directions. The present disclosure conserves energy by wiring in a
> common direction FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 illustrate double wire winding.
> The figures show how two wires are wrapped around the core in the same
> direction. As soon as the end of the core is reached, the wires are
> brought straight back to the starting position and wrapped in the same
> direction again. The wiring is done in multiple layers.
>
> [0111]The two wires used to create a double wire winding are labeled
> Wire A and Wire B with the associated - or + sign to indicate the
> direction of current flow. In the figures to follow, the labels "A+,
> A-, B+, and B-" will be used to illustrate how the double wire winding
> is connected to the incoming power line and the capacitor. The
> negative (-) end of Wire B (B-) should be connected to the first
> incoming power line node and the negative (-) end of Wire A (A-)
> should be connected to the second incoming power line node. The
> positive (+) ends of Wire A (A+) and Wire B (B+) should be connected
> to the capacitor.
>
> [0112]FIGS. 16 through 32 illustrate circuits using double wire
> windings. FIG. 16 shows the incoming AC or inverting pulsating power
> connected to a double wire winding (D) coupled to a capacitor (C).
> FIG. 17 shows the double wire winding coupled in series. FIG. 18 shows
> a double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C) and
> the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to another double wire winding
> (D2). FIG. 19 shows the double wire winding (D) coupled in parallel to
> the capacitor (C) and the capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to
> resistive load (R). FIG. 20 shows double wire winding (D) coupled in
> parallel to a capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel with
> a full-wave rectifier, which converts alternating current (AC) to
> direct current (DC), the full-wave rectifier coupled in parallel with
> capacitor (C2) or battery, and capacitor (C2) coupled in parallel with
> a resistive load (R). FIG. 21 shows the double wire winding (D)
> coupled in parallel to the capacitor (C), the capacitor (C) coupled in
> parallel to the primary transformer and the secondary transformer
> output coupled in parallel to a resistive load (R). FIG. 22 shows
> double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C1),
> capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2), double
> wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C2) and capacitor
> (C2) coupled in parallel to (R) resistive load. FIG. 23 shows a double
> wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C1), capacitor
> (C1) coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2), double wire
> winding (D2) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C2), and capacitor (C2)
> is coupled in parallel to single wire winding (D3). FIG. 24 shows
> double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to capacitor (C),
> capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to double wire winding (D2), double
> wire winding (D2) coupled in parallel to the primary transformer and
> the secondary transformer output coupled in parallel to a resistive
> load (R).
>
> [0113]FIG. 25 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to
> the capacitor (C), capacitor (C) coupled in series with resistive load
> (R) or capacitor (C2) and this combination coupled in parallel to
> double wire winding (D2). FIG. 26 shows double wire winding (D1) and
> double wire winding (D2) each parallel wired together. Double wire
> winding (D1) is coupled in series to the capacitor (C), capacitor (C)
> is coupled in series to double wire winding (D2), and capacitor (C) is
> coupled in parallel to a high resistive resistor (R), which is added
> to release current when the incoming power stops. FIG. 27 shows double
> wire winding (D1) and double wire winding (D2) each parallel wired
> together. Double wire winding (D1) is coupled in series to capacitor
> (C1) and capacitor (C1) is coupled in parallel to double wire winding
> (D2). Double wire winding (D1) may also be coupled in parallel with
> capacitor (C2). FIG. 28 shows double wire winding (D) parallel wired
> together and coupled in series to capacitor (C). Capacitor (C) is
> coupled in parallel to resistive load (R).
>
> [0114]FIG. 29A shows a double wire winding core that is either series
> or parallel connected to itself, coupled in series with the capacitor
> (C), and capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to winding (D). FIG. 29B
> shows a winding (D) coupled in series to the capacitor (C) and
> capacitor (C) coupled in parallel to a double wire winding core that
> is either series or parallel connected to itself. FIG. 30 shows two
> double wire winding cores either series or parallel connected to
> itself with a capacitor (C) coupled in between in series and capacitor
> (c) coupled in parallel to singe wire winding (D).
>
> [0115]FIG. 31 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in parallel to
> capacitor (C1) and capacitor (C1) coupled in parallel to single wire
> winding (D2). FIG. 32 shows double wire winding (D1) coupled in
> parallel to capacitor (C1), capacitor (C1) coupled in series to
> capacitor (C2) and double wire winding core (Core), and this
> combination coupled in parallel to single wire winding (D2).
>
> [0116]Steel-Laminated Core
>
> [0117]FIG. 33 depicts a steel-laminated core with double wire winding
> in multiple layers in a common direction. The two wires used to create
> a double wire winding are labeled Wire A and Wire B with the
> associated - or + sign to indicate the direction of current flow. The
> circuit diagrams in FIG. 33 illustrate how the double wire winding
> should be connected to the incoming power line when a core is used. If
> the wires are connected in series, the negative (-) end of Wire B (B-)
> is connected to the first incoming power line node, the positive (+)
> end of Wire B (B+) is connected to the positive (+) end of Wire A
> (A+), and the negative (-) end of Wire A is connected to the second
> incoming power line node. If the wires are connected in parallel, the
> positive (+) end of Wire A (A+) and the negative (-) end of Wire B
> (B-) is connected to the first incoming power line node and the
> negative (-) end of Wire A (A-) and the positive (+) end of Wire B
> (B+) is connected to the second incoming power line node.
>
> [0118]The core, as used in the circuits described above, is not used
> as an inductor. The core increases power to the other
> inductor/motor/generator (D) shown in the drawings.
>
> [0119]Motor/Generator Examples
>
> [0120]Any of the motors described below can be used as the inductive
> windings shown in the previous circuit drawings. These are
> illustrative examples and one skilled in the art will recognize that
> modifications to the motors can be made, depending on the power output
> desired.
>
> [0121]One skilled in the art will also recognize that any of the
> motors discussed herein may be converted into a generator, which
> converts mechanical motion into electrical energy, if torque is
> applied to the rotor and the device is driven above synchronous speed.
> The present disclosure is meant to encompass the use of a generator as
> well.
>
> [0122]Shaded Motor
>
> [0123]FIG. 34 illustrates a shaded motor with double wire winding in
> multiple layers in one direction. The motor can be connected in series
> or parallel to drive itself or connect to any of the above circuit
> drawings.
>
> [0124]Stator Motor
>
> [0125]FIG. 35 illustrates four winding groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4),
> each wrapped around a post in the stator motor. Winding Groups 1 (W1)
> and 3 (W3) are connected to the capacitor (C) in series. Winding Group
> 2 (W2) and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with the
> positive ends of W2 and W4 connected together. The negative ends of
> this combination are connected in parallel to the capacitor.
>
> [0126]For any phase, if the wiring is reversed, the motor will turn in
> the opposite direction, counter-clockwise. For example, if Winding
> Group 2 (W2) and Winding Group 4 (W4) are connected in series, with
> their negative ends connected together, and the positive ends of this
> combination are connected in parallel with the capacitor, the motor
> will rotate counter-clockwise.
>
> [0127]Single Phase Wiring
>
> [0128]For single-phase wiring, there are four major winding groups
> (W1, W2, W3, and W4). Each winding group has sub-groups and one
> skilled in the art will appreciate that the actual number of
> sub-groups may be varied depending upon the motor's physical size,
> horsepower and rotational speed. Each sub-group has a few hundred to
> thousands of turns of winding wire.
>
> [0129]FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are diagrams of single-phase wiring in a
> squirrel cage motor or permanent magnet rotor, illustrating how the
> coils for each sub-group are wrapped around the teeth or slot. Each
> winding group has three sub-groups (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B,
> 3C, 4A, 4B, 4C). FIG. 36A is a diagram of the cross section for
> wiring. FIG. 36B shows the side view of wiring for one group. Although
> a squirrel cage motor is depicted, this is merely one example of the
> type of motors that may be used. For example, a motor with permanent
> magnets may also be used.
>
> [0130]FIG. 37 is a schematic for the cross-section of the wiring for a
> single-phase motor. There are twenty four (24 slots) shown for twelve
> sub-groups. For each sub-group, the wire is wound in each stator slot
> and wire is wound in the same direction from negative to positive out.
> One skilled in the art will appreciate that the actual number of
> stator slots may be varied depending upon the motor's physical size,
> horsepower and rotational speed.
>
> [0131]FIG. 38 illustrates one embodiment of the present disclosure for
> single-phase motors with the sub-groups connected in series. FIG. 38
> shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the negative
> end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the negative end of
> 1B connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A, 3B, and 3C are
> also connected in series, with the positive end of 3A connected to the
> negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B connected to the
> negative end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is connected to the first
> power line node and the positive end of W3 is connected in series to
> the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also series connected to the
> positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1 is connected to the
> second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected in
> series, with the positive end of 4A connected to the negative end of
> 4B and the positive end of 4B is connected to the negative end of 4C.
> Sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C are also connected in series, with the
> negative end of 2A connected to the positive end of 2B and the
> negative end of 2B connected to the positive end of 2C. The positive
> end of W2 and W4 are connected in series. This combination is
> connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), with the negative ends of
> W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor.
>
> [0132]FIG. 39 illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure
> for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups for W1 and W3 connected
> in series and the sub-groups for W2 and W4 connected in parallel. FIG.
> 39 shows sub-groups 1A, 1B, and 1C connected in series, with the
> negative end of 1A connected to the positive end of 1B and the
> negative end of 1B connected to the positive end of 1C. Sub-groups 3A,
> 3B, and 3C are also connected in series, with the positive end of 3A
> connected to the negative end of 3B and the positive end of 3B
> connected to the negative end of 3C. The negative end of W3 is
> connected to the first power line node and the positive end of W3 is
> connected in series to the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also
> series connected to the positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1
> is connected to the second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C
> are connected in series with sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive
> end of 2A is connected in series to the positive end of 4A, the
> positive end 2B is connected in series to the positive end of 4B, and
> the positive end of 2C is connected in series with the positive end of
> 4C. The negative ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are connected together. The
> negative ends of 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected together. This
> combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), with the
> negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor (C).
>
> [0133]FIG. 40 illustrates yet another embodiment of the present
> disclosure for single-phase motors, with the sub-groups connected in
> parallel. FIG. 40 shows subgroup 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together in
> parallel, with the positive ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together
> and the negative ends of 1A, 1B, and 1C connected together. Subgroups
> 3A, 3B, and 3C are also connected together in parallel, with the
> positive ends of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together and the negative
> ends of 3A, 3B, and 3C connected together. The negative end of W3 is
> connected to the first power line node and the positive end of W3 is
> connected in series to the capacitor (C). The capacitor (C) is also
> series connected to the positive end of W1 and the negative end of W1
> is connected to the second power line node. Sub-groups 4A, 4B, and 4C
> are connected in series with sub-groups 2A, 2B, and 2C. The positive
> end of 2A is connected in series to the positive end of 4A, the
> positive end 2B is connected in series to the positive end of 4B, and
> the positive end of 2C is connected in series with the positive end of
> 4C. The negative ends of 2A, 2B, and 2C are connected together. The
> negative ends of 4A, 4B, and 4C are connected together. This
> combination is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C), with the
> negative ends of W2 and W4 connected to the capacitor (C)
>
> [0134]FIG. 41 shows how the circuit can be modified to provide more
> torque for staring the device, using two capacitors (C1 and C2), four
> inductive windings (D1, D2, D3, and D4), and a centrifugal switch. C2,
> the bigger capacitor, can be added in parallel to C1 and the
> centrifugal switch can control the starting time and turn of C2.
>
> [0135]Multi-Phase Motor
>
> [0136]FIGS. 42A through 42D, combined, illustrate the cross-section
> for the windings of a multi-phase motor or generator and the sequence
> in which the coils are energized in order to cause the permanent
> magnet attached to the rotor to rotate. The multi-phase motor or
> generator includes four phases, each 45 degrees apart: 0 degrees, 45
> degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees and there are four winding groups
> for each phase (W1, W2, W3, and W4).
>
> [0137]For clarification purposes, each phase for the multiphase motor
> or generator is shown in a separate figure, although all four phases
> are located within the motor or generator. For each phase, there are
> four winding groups and two of the winding groups are formed from
> combining two subgroups. Each sub-group has a few hundred to thousands
> of turns of winding wire.
>
> [0138]FIGS. 42A through 42D illustrate how the winding groups for each
> phase are wrapped around the teeth or slot. For each winding group,
> the wire is wound in each stator slot and wire is wound in the same
> direction from negative to positive out. There are twenty four slots
> (S1 through S24); although one skilled in the art will appreciate that
> the actual number of stator slots may be varied depending upon the
> motor's physical size, horsepower and rotational speed.
>
> [0139]FIG. 42A illustrates the winding groups for Phase Group 0
> degrees. W1 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to S12, which
> forms the first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S2 to slot
> S11, which forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined
> to form W1. W2 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S9 to slot S16. W3
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S13 to slot S24, which forms the
> first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S14 to slot S23,
> which forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to
> form W3. W4 is formed from wrapping wire from slot S4 to slot S21.
>
> [0140]FIG. 42B shows the winding groups for Phase Group 45 degrees. W1
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S4 to S15, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S5 to slot S14, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S12 to slot S19. W3 is formed by
> wrapping wire from slot S2 to slot S17, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S3 to slot S16, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4
> is formed from wrapping wire from slot S7 to slot S24.
>
> [0141]FIG. 42C shows the winding groups for Phase Group 90 degrees. W1
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S7 to S18, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S8 to slot S17, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W1. W2
> is formed by wrapping wire from slot S15 to slot S22. W3 is formed by
> wrapping wire from slot S5 to slot S20, which forms the first
> sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S6 to slot S19, which forms
> the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form W3. W4
> is formed from wrapping wire from slot S3 to slot S10.
>
> [0142]FIG. 42D shows the winding groups for Phase Group 135 degrees.
> W1 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S10 to S21, which forms the
> first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S11 to slot S20,
> which forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to
> form W1. W2 is formed by wrapping wire from slot S1 to slot S18. W3 is
> formed by wrapping wire from slot S8 to slot S23, which forms the
> first sub-group, and from wire wrapped from slot S9 to slot S22, which
> forms the second sub-group. The two sub-groups are combined to form
> W3. W4 is formed from wrapping wire from slot S6 to slot S13.
>
> [0143]The timing waveform for each phase, represented by a different
> design pattern, is shown in FIG. 42E. For each phase, the current
> flows at 0 degrees (on time) and then stops at 90 degrees (off time),
> then current flows in the opposite direction at 180 degrees (on time)
> and then stops at 270 degrees (off time).
>
> [0144]Connection of Motor to Capacitor
>
> [0145]FIG. 43 is a schematic of a 4-phase drive motor. Each phase
> group of the multiphase wire windings, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90
> degrees, and 135 degrees, connects to a capacitor (C). For each phase
> group, W1 and W3 are connected in series to the capacitor. W2 is
> connected in series to W4 and this combination is connected in
> parallel to the capacitor. The details of the wiring for a
> single-phase are discussed above.
>
> [0146]FIG. 44 illustrates how the four-phase drive motor can be
> converted into a two-phase motor or two-phase power output. Phase
> group 0 degrees and Phase group 45 degrees are combined and Phase
> group 90 degrees and Phase group 135 degrees are combined. The
> negative ends of W3 for Phase group 0 degrees and W3 for Phase group
> 45 degrees are connected together and this combination is then
> connected to the first incoming power line node. The negative ends of
> W1 for Phase group 0 degrees and W1 for Phase group 45 degrees are
> connected together and this combination is connected to the second
> incoming power line node. Likewise, the negative ends of W3 for Phase
> group 90 degrees and W3 for Phase group 135 degrees are connected
> together and this combination is then connected to the first incoming
> power line node. The negative ends of W1 for Phase group 90 degrees
> and W1 for Phase group 135 degrees are connected together and this
> combination is connected to the second incoming power line node.
>
> [0147]FIG. 45 is a schematic of a 3-phase drive motor. Each phase
> group, 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees, connects to a capacitor
> (c). For each phase group, W1 and W3 are connected in series to the
> capacitor. W2 is connected in series to W4 and this combination is
> connected in parallel to the capacitor. The details of the wiring for
> a single-phase are discussed above
>
> [0148]Light Bulb Energy Conservation
>
> [0149]FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment of the present disclosure that
> conserves light bulb energy. In a test conducted, on Nov. 16, 1998, a
> light bulb was installed according to the schematic disclosed in FIG.
> 46 and is still running seven years later.
>
> [0150]Since Apparent Power (VA)=Current (A).times.Voltage (V), the
> calculations below illustrate energy conservation for a 60 W light
> bulb. The voltage applied at the power input is 115 V. The apparent
> power for the Power Input Line (Line PIN) is measured at 126.5 VA. The
> apparent power measured for the shed motor fan is 126.5 VA and the
> apparent power measured for the light bulb is 65 VA. Therefore, 126 VA
> is measured at the input and a total of 191.5 VA is measured at the
> output, indicating an approximately 1.5 gain Calculations are also
> shown for the energy savings for a 75W Bulb.
>
> [0151]60 W Bulb
>
> [0152]Line PIN=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA
>
> [0153]Light Bulb=0.52 A.times.125V=65 VA
>
> [0154]Shed Motor=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA
>
> [0155]Gain=(126.5 VA+65 VA)/126.5 VA=1.513 times
>
> [0156]75 W Bulb
>
> [0157]Line PIN=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA
>
> [0158]Light Bulb=0.57 A.times.100V=60.42 VA
>
> [0159]Shed Motor Fan=0.97 A.times.115V=111.55 VA
>
> [0160]Gain=(111.55 VA+60.42 VA)/111.55=1.54 times
>
> [0161]Or
>
> [0162]Shed Motor Fan=1.1 A.times.115V=126.5 VA
>
> [0163]Light Bulb=60 W
>
> [0164]Gain=(126.5 VA+60 VA)/111.55 VA=1.67 times
>
> Example Comparison Between Conventional Single-Phase Motor and
> Re-Wound Single-Phase Motor
>
> [0165]Appendix 1 illustrates the test setup for comparing a
> conventional single-phase motor to a re-wound single-phase motor.
>
> [0166]Appendix 2 describes the test configuration and resulting data
> from the comparative tests. The tables compare the performance of a
> conventional Central Machinery Bench Grinder single-phase motor model
> #39798, 3450 rpm (already considered an energy-efficient motor),
> versus the same motor rewound using the inventive features of the
> present disclosure. The single-phase motor is rewound using four major
> winding groups (W1, W2, W3, and W4) with four sub-groups for W1 and W3
> and two sub-groups for W2 and W4, connected in series, as discussed
> above for wiring in series for a single-phase motor. FIG. 38 may be
> used as a guide, although there are three sub-groups for W1, W2, W3,
> and W4 shown.
>
> [0167]The tests do not provide figures for the true power consumption
> of the conventional motor and re-wound motor, but a comparison of the
> data between the two motors shows that the re-wound motor conserves
> more energy. For example, the Line PIN of the conventional motor on
> load is measured at 345 VA and the power output measured is at 373.75
> VA, whereas the Line PIN of the re-wound motor on load is measured at
> 184 VA and the power output measured is at 361 VA. The data
> illustrates that much less energy is consumed to generate a similar
> mechanical power output in the re-wound motor.
>
> [0168]In general, the presently described apparatus, system and
> methods conserve energy by utilizing resonance theory in a system that
> includes a motor and an electric circuit. The resonance in the
> electric circuit occurs at a particular frequency when the inductive
> reactance and the capacitive reactance are of equal magnitude, causing
> electrical energy to oscillate between the magnetic field of the
> inductor and the electric field of the capacitor. Although the
> preceding description describes various embodiments of the system, the
> present disclosure is not limited to such embodiments, but rather
> covers all modifications, alternatives, and equivalents that fall
> within the spirit and scope of the invention. Since many embodiments
> can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present
> invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
>
> * * * * *
> Best Regards
> Stefan Sundström
>
> Mick, I thought of this Patent Application when you guys were
> discussing the Ron Brandt wiring of the slots. I can see Knoe Going
> Nuts! Lol
>
> On 11/15/2018 12:18 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>>
>> Hi Norm,
>>
>> How did you locate that application, what were you searching for?
>>
>> Odd way to wire a transformer but I like the pair of H bridges
>> working against each other for power correction.
>>
>> Do not have time yet to study it in depth, what is your opinion of
>> the most salient points?
>>
>>
>>
>> On 11/15/2018 9:45 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>> Please review this Patent.
>>>
>>> United States Patent Application 20070296373
>>> Kind Code A1
>>> Lam; Dat D. December 27, 2007
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>>> Conservation of Electrical Energy and Electro-Magnetic Power in
>>> Motor, Generator, and Product Components
>>>
>>> Abstract
>>> A capacitor, inductor, and power line are arranged in a series
>>> parallel combination tank circuit that operates over four quarters
>>> of a complete cycle. During the first quarter cycle: power is
>>> applied to the tank circuit, current flows through the inductor to
>>> the capacitor, current is stored in the inductor, and the capacitor
>>> is charged. During the second quarter cycle; current is released
>>> from the inductor as the capacitor discharges current to another
>>> parallel inductor or resistive load. During a third quarter cycle:
>>> current flows in the capacitor from the opposite direction, the
>>> capacitor is charged, current pushes out from the capacitor to the
>>> incoming power line, and current is stored in the inductor. During
>>> the fourth quarter cycle: the capacitor discharges in the opposite
>>> direction, current parallel to another inductor or resistive load
>>> flows in the opposite direction, and the inductor releases current
>>> to incoming power line.
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------
>>> Inventors: Lam; Dat D.; (Spokane, WA)
>>> Correspondence Name and Address: RICHARD DAVID KATZ
>>> 12440 MOORPARK STREET SUITE 11
>>> STUDIO CITY
>>> CA
>>> 91604-1260
>>> US
>>>
>>> Serial No.: 426571
>>> Series Code: 11
>>> Filed: June 26, 2006
>>>
>>> U.S. Current Class: 318/727
>>> U.S. Class at Publication: 318/727
>>> Intern'l Class: H02P 1/24 20060101 H02P001/24
>>>
>>>
>>> On 11/15/2018 10:51 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Sven,
>>>>
>>>> Excellent work!
>>>>
>>>> I was experimenting with a ferroresonant transformer with about 30
>>>> volts or less at about one amp or less, more like 500 milliamps,
>>>> and blew some very highly rated TVS diodes something like 600v 1000
>>>> amp so I imagine you have gone through your share of silicon parts.
>>>> At least the TVS diodes saved the timer and comparator used for the
>>>> pulse width adjustment.
>>>>
>>>> What is your reactive power/input power ?
>>>>
>>>> How do you intend to make use of the reactive energy, store in
>>>> capacitors?
>>>> If you have rotoverter use like this -
>>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_condenser
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On 11/15/2018 3:11 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Hello to all those interested, I have now built a push-pull
>>>>> inverter for the transverter anti-drive to drive it. From 37 Hz
>>>>> 650Hz is fully adjustable and the pulse width.
>>>>> A simple square wave signal is generated and sent. It works
>>>>> wonderfully. The interference is a problem when switching 350V
>>>>> peaks. I have now wrapped all power lines with aluminum foil and
>>>>> this one-sided grounded. The boards I will install in an aluminum
>>>>> housing and also this ground, the disturbances are almost all
>>>>> gone. By shielding, the energy is no longer emitted and remains in
>>>>> the lines apparently, since the shielding, the high-power mosfets
>>>>> are very hot although they are used at most 10%. The cut-off
>>>>> voltage at the drain increases in the kilovolt range when the
>>>>> transverter is connected. The complete line to Transverter is also
>>>>> shielded. I now wanted to build an Energy Recovery Snubber to
>>>>> recycle that energy. First test show that you can drive the
>>>>> transverter so much more efficient. I have to build this inverter
>>>>> even more reliable or change.
>>>>> Best regards
>>>>> Sven
>>>>>
>