Chernetsky

https://www.nuenergy.org/chernetsky-plasma-generator/ https://www.nuenergy.org/chernetsky-plasma-generator/

 

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT-94c1Q6Ms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT-94c1Q6Ms

Kone,

I have had membership there for years under same name.  Wesley is a good
guy but something happened he was threatened I think.  I know his videos
are sometimes very jumbled but just drop in at 23:40 and he breaks it
down.  This video I don't think is even on his own youtube account.

I will look for his latest stuff on OU.  As I said before this was due
to an unrelated search I found his video.


On 6/28/2018 2:36 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Hi Mick
> Very recent circuits and explanations on overunity.com on Wesley
> kapadanze stuff.
> Join overunity.com establish alias...
> Go to "Wesley and kapadanze devices and FE discussion" topic and thread.
> 12 pages very recent circuits posted and much info.
> Kone
>
>

During the testing of our MRA, spring of 1995 Hal Puthoff sent me the 
following letter regarding his trip to Russia to test the Chernetsky Device!




This is his trip to Russia after destroying our MRA with a faulty test 
proceedure which made MRA only 50% of unity!    I talked to Puthoff 
after his trip and he said the Chernetsky Device was not over-unity.
Norm
>
> Hi Mick
> Chernetsky was murdered shortly after meeting in Russia with US 
> government agent and disinfo asshole-bigshot Hal Putoff in early 90s.
> His spark experiment explains some of mystery of backemf/recoil 
> flyback energy....
> My Energy site used to be all Bruce Perrault experiments and theories 
> looks like he sold his site and name to some green-company...
> BP used to be member here I kicked him out when he bragged about 
> hiring hit man to beat up savant-
> genius from Toronto who visited BP and BP claimed he then stole some 
> of his secrets plus tried to kiss his daughter so he had him beat up.
> Someone from Canada wrote.me and said this genius guy in Toronto had 
> all sorts of very advanced FE circuits and prototypes but is very 
> under the radar and has a team of handlers managing him since he lacks 
> social skills let's say (genius savant)
> This true story and when BP saying more or less good riddance upon 
> murder of Eugene Mallove prompted me to ban him from evgray for good
> ..have other stories too. I suspect BP involved in EM murder too as 
> the narc who reported him to nsa or cia or whoever ordered hit...maybe 
> same guys he paid for Toronto hit were hired again as initially EM was 
> beat up in driveway left for dead then hour or two later some guys 
> came back and actually killed him then.
>
> VAll that said here is that Wesley video in next post you sent me in 
> email showing looping kapdandze type device...guy translating accent 
> so thick, video so shaky sound so bad hard to make heads or tails from 
> it... lots of info and circuits on Wesley device on overunity.com
> Kone
>
>

Hi Mick
Chernetsky was murdered shortly after meeting in Russia with US government agent and disinfo asshole-bigshot Hal Putoff in early 90s.
His spark experiment explains some of mystery of backemf/recoil flyback energy....
My Energy site used to be all Bruce Perrault experiments and theories looks like he sold his site and name to some green-company...
BP used to be member here I kicked him out when he bragged about hiring hit man to beat up savant- 
genius from Toronto who visited BP and BP claimed he then stole some of his secrets plus tried to kiss his daughter so he had him beat up.
Someone from Canada wrote.me and said this genius guy in Toronto had all sorts of very advanced FE circuits and prototypes but is very under the radar and has a team of handlers managing him since he lacks social skills let's say (genius savant)
This true story and when BP saying more or less good riddance upon murder of Eugene Mallove prompted me to ban him from evgray for good
..have other stories too.  I suspect BP involved in EM murder too as the narc who reported him to nsa or cia or whoever ordered hit...maybe same guys he paid for Toronto hit were hired again  as initially EM was beat up in driveway left for dead then hour or two later some guys came back and actually killed him then.

VAll that said here is that Wesley video in next post you sent me in email showing looping kapdandze type device...guy translating accent so thick, video so shaky sound so bad hard to make heads or tails from it... lots of info and circuits on Wesley device on overunity.com
Kone

Wesley link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mw4zyvuZgVU&list=PLRYhzUMB2BkITQeQQwYa6_UajoZ22h1iD&index=2

FYI,  The transformer set up depicted by Puthoff has a very high turns 
ratio which would properly explain the differential in bulb 
brilliance.   The MRA had a 1/1 turns ratio on the very first MRA that 
he tested!  The subsequent MRAs built had a turns ration based on PHI 1: 
1.6  ratio which would obviate his argument! SIMPLE PHYSICS!  In a phone 
call, Hal Puthoff called the fact that the 100mw bulb would not glow in 
primary was due to slipping potential past bulb via RF.  Ha Ha!

Norm



On 6/28/2018 8:51 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> During the testing of our MRA, spring of 1995 Hal Puthoff sent me the 
> following letter regarding his trip to Russia to test the Chernetsky 
> Device!
>
>
>
>
> This is his trip to Russia after destroying our MRA with a faulty test 
> proceedure which made MRA only 50% of unity!    I talked to Puthoff 
> after his trip and he said the Chernetsky Device was not over-unity.
> Norm
>>
>> Hi Mick
>> Chernetsky was murdered shortly after meeting in Russia with US 
>> government agent and disinfo asshole-bigshot Hal Putoff in early 90s.
>> His spark experiment explains some of mystery of backemf/recoil 
>> flyback energy....
>> My Energy site used to be all Bruce Perrault experiments and theories 
>> looks like he sold his site and name to some green-company...
>> BP used to be member here I kicked him out when he bragged about 
>> hiring hit man to beat up savant-
>> genius from Toronto who visited BP and BP claimed he then stole some 
>> of his secrets plus tried to kiss his daughter so he had him beat up.
>> Someone from Canada wrote.me and said this genius guy in Toronto had 
>> all sorts of very advanced FE circuits and prototypes but is very 
>> under the radar and has a team of handlers managing him since he 
>> lacks social skills let's say (genius savant)
>> This true story and when BP saying more or less good riddance upon 
>> murder of Eugene Mallove prompted me to ban him from evgray for good
>> ..have other stories too. I suspect BP involved in EM murder too as 
>> the narc who reported him to nsa or cia or whoever ordered 
>> hit...maybe same guys he paid for Toronto hit were hired again as 
>> initially EM was beat up in driveway left for dead then hour or two 
>> later some guys came back and actually killed him then.
>>
>> VAll that said here is that Wesley video in next post you sent me in 
>> email showing looping kapdandze type device...guy translating accent 
>> so thick, video so shaky sound so bad hard to make heads or tails 
>> from it... lots of info and circuits on Wesley device on overunity.com
>> Kone
>>
>> 
>

NuEnergy not my energy site(correction)

Hi Mick
Very recent circuits and explanations on overunity.com on Wesley kapadanze stuff.
Join overunity.com  establish alias...
Go to "Wesley and kapadanze devices and FE discussion" topic and thread.
12 pages very recent circuits posted and much info.
Kone

Hi Mick
 Yes check it out there about the latest stuff on Wesley....as usual, the main topic thread was corrupted by the endless arguments that always happen there,,...so they seem to have started a new thread, same subject but more serious leaving all that behind is what it seems at least and  now only 12 pages long...
 What I saw was some nice looking circuits put up within just a few days.
 Kone

Hi Norman
 Remember the Hal Putoff one watt challenge? 
 Was all this or before or after or during that big cash money prize to anyone who can "prove without doubt to him" that you have something overunity....and only one watt is all it will take....
 Cant remember what the prize was but I would guess this contest was meant to bring all the inventors and scientists out of the woodwork and contact hin - now a nice list is created pf who to threaten, who to cancel any hope of patenting device, who to steal tech from, who to steal and patent yourself via corporate CIA controlled business, so tech never sees light of day, who to discourage with his "brilliant"lump resistive load testing set up to ruin everything make it look 10% efficient when in actuality it is 7 times overunity....
 Chernetsky was murdered I am sure the CIA made it look like the Russians did it, as supposedly he wanted to come to USA  (to win and claim the one watt challenge?) But I would guess HP made some  classified reports to interested parties in black suits who took a short vacation to Russia......
 Kone

Here's some data on Hal, Kone my friend...
 

 http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1144 http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1144

Hello! Kone and all EVGRAY followers!

Your question regarding the One Watt Challenge!    I was at the New 
Energy Conference in Denver1994 and heard Hal Puthoff issue the 
Challenge!  Pay attention to the key words (stand alone"!! Here is the 
challenge!

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES:
Good News/Bad News and "The 1-Watt Challenge"

H. E. Puthoff, Ph.D.
Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin
Austin, Texas

Presented at:
International Symposium on New Energy
Denver, Colorado
May 12-15,1994

ABSTRACT

In researching innovative energy sources, we are faced with a good 
news/bad news situation. On the good news side, new arenas of research 
activity are being opened up and pursued vigorously. These range from 
relatively mainstream approaches to develop solar energy, to highly 
innovative approaches to extract energy from vacuum fluctuations. On the 
bad news side, despite varying degrees of claimed success, there are as 
yet no standalone devices in this class (with the exception of solar 
devices) that unambiguously demonstrate the generation of net excess 
energy to the satisfaction of the consens ual research community. It is 
suggested here that the credibility of these efforts requires meeting 
what we call "The IWatt Challenge," the demonstration of a device that 
can continuously generate, on a stand-alone, self-powered basis, a 
minimum of at least I watt excess average output power."
-------

Please (all) note that when Joel & I asked Puthoff to test and validate 
the MRA, we were not entering the 1 watt challenge. We simply wanted 
verification that the MRA displayed over-unity gain. Now some background 
is needed here for all of you guys!

Joel and I demonstrated and gave to Tom Bearden a working MRA at his 
home in Huntsville. Tom Bearden told us that with all of their efforts 
on the Floyd Sweet VTA there was no way to close the loop even with it's 
fantastic measured gain ratio.  Joel and I experienced the same 
frustration with trying to close the loop and get sustained stand alone 
operation. Here is a paper from Floyd Sweet himself that will help you 
understand this Spook Energy.

Abstract
The Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA) invented by Floyd Sweet consists of two
ferrite magnets and two to four coreless wire coils. It is self powered 
in the
preferred configuration and produces in excess of one KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ
power in the form of energy that resembles electricity. This energy is 
referred to
as negative energy. The VTA development history, its anti-gravity 
characteristics,
negative energy proper- ties, and some of the personalities involved are
discussed.
FLOYD SWEET'S VTA UNIT
by Walt Rosenthal
This is a story of Floyd Sweet's trials and tribulations involving a mystery
wrapped in an enigma. God revealed to Floyd sufficient information to 
build a
machine to provide energy that resembles electricity. However, God did not
provide solutions to the frustrating string of problems that would 
surface in
converting the idea into a working device. There are several people in 
this story
that have provided help and some who have hindered.
When Tom Bearden met Floyd, the device Floyd had developed was producing a
few watts of alternating current at 28 volts. Tom saw in Floyd's device the
physical embodiment of a principle he had theorized many years before. Tom
had never designed or constructed a physical device to access this elusive
energy source. Tom's name for the extraction process is 'Four Wave Phase
Conjugate Mixing'. The energy source is the intense non-cohered energy 
that is
thought to be present everywhere in the universe. Various researchers 
through
the years have given this energy different names, such as "Zero Point 
Energy",
"Gravity Field Energy", "Radiant Energy", and others.
Tom Bearden gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier" or VTA.
The machine provides a small amount of its output fed back to the 
equivalent of a
grid which gates or coheres a large amount of energy which appears at the
device output terminal as something that resembles electricity! Negative
Electricity.
This energy can be utilized by devices designed to convert electricity 
to light,
heat, or mechanical work or anything else for which normal electricity 
is used.
The properties of this energy, although superficially resembling the 120 
VRMS 60
HZ power we normally use, are unique and sufficiently different from
conventional electricity, so that it should be classified as an entirely 
new energy
form. It will require careful extended study by a wide range of people 
in order to
document its properties in the manner scientists have done with conventional
electricity.
Tom Bearden refers to this energy as negative energy, and he states that
negative time must be utilized. In negative time according to Bearden, 
gravity is a
repulsive force.
Floyd's experiments demonstrated that the VTA loses weight in proportion 
to the
amount of generated "Negative Energy". This was carefully documented by 
Floyd
on a kitchen scale. The machine weight was observed decreasing with 
increased
load in a quite orderly fashion until a point was suddenly reached when 
Floyd
heard an immense sound, as if he were at the center of a giant whirlwind but
without actual air movement. The sound was heard by his wife Rose in another
room of their apartment and was heard by others outside the apartment. The
experience was very frightening and the experiment has not been repeated.
Some observers of the light emanating from ordinary 120 volt 100 watt
incandescent bulbs powered by the VTA claim the light is different, 
softer, than
normal incandescent light. The VTA magnets and coils when powering loads of
over a kilowatt become cold and temperatures of 20 degrees Fahrenheit below
ambient have been observed. Similar reports of below ambient temperature of
energy machine components have been reported by other inventors, such as
John Bedini and John R.R. Searl.
When the VTA output wires had been accidentally shortened, first an 
extremely
brilliant flash occurred. When the wires involved were examined shortly
afterward, they were found covered with frost. Unfortunately this also 
caused the
VTA magnet to fracture and the machine ceased operating. In one instance the
machine operation ceased during a local earthquake. The physical 
shacking was
not believed to be sufficiently severe to disrupt the machine 
magnet/coil relative
placement or physical shock to the magnet such as a hammer blow might 
impart.
The best speculation is that the machine was affected by the intense
electromagnetic pulse known to originate from earthquakes.
Conventional instruments used to measure volts, amps, or watts appear to
correlate machine output as coupled to loads, but only up to 
approximately 1 KW;
above that value they may indicate zero or some other value not related 
to the
known actual load. Floyd's attempts to use conventional electrical design
formulas relating number of coil turns, amp turns on drive coils, and 
any other
parameter to predict observed outputs have all resulted in failures with
calculations. Empirical formulas based on actual tests have been documented.
Observation of machine output voltage of approximately 120 VRMS while the
load was changed in 100 watt increments from 100 watts to 1000 watts has
shown no observable output voltage change, which suggests an extremely low
internal equivalent impedance. The 20 gauge magnet wire in the output coils
consisting of several hundred turns has significant DC resistance which 
is not
correlated with the unvarying output terminal voltage at different 
loads. It is
speculated that this energy does not travel within the copper wire or 
its passage
through the copper wire does not generate a voltage drop- a most useful 
feature
when transferring energy from one place to another.
One frustrating aspect of the VTA has been its failures, evidenced by 
the output
voltage slowly decaying to zero over a few seconds or minutes. There 
also has
been spontaneous in- stances of the voltage rising above 120 VRMS as
observed by the increased lamp load bank brightness. The volt meters, 
ammeter,
and power meter did not correlate with the brightness change except when the
machine would the fail to produce any power.
Many times the VTA was normally left on powering a lamp load bank 24 hours a
day. During a period of time when it appeared to be functioning properly 
all day
long, Floyd got up at 3:00 AM to go to the bathroom. As he walked past 
the room
where the VTA was located, he noticed that the lights appeared dim. He
measured the voltage at 70 VRMS. Being tired at the moment, he returned to
bed. The next morning when he rose, the voltage was back to the normal 120
VRMS and stayed there all day. The next night Floyd got up at 4:30 AM. The
voltage was measured at 85 VRMS. Floyd returned to bed. The voltage was
normal the entire next day.
A possible clue to this anomaly has appeared in an article by E.W. 
Silvertooth
title 'Motion Through The Ether' where Silver- tooth describes a dual 
path laser
interferometer experiment that conclusively demonstrated the presence of an
ether that flows through our portion of the universe at greater than the 
speed of
light with its vector in the direction of the constellation Leo. Floyd's 
VTA may be
orientation sensitive to this ether velocity vector.
The VTA consists of two 4" X 6" X .5" grade 5 or grade 8 ferrite magnets 
spaced
3 inches apart in the attractive orientation, with the output and drive 
coils in
between. The output coils are wound with 20 gage magnet wire. Their axis is
parallel to the magnetic lines of force between the two magnets. The two 
drive
(or excitation) coil axes are positioned at 90 degrees to the output 
coil axis. The
VTA excitation coils may be driven by the VTA output voltage or a 
separate sine
wave oscillator source.
The "SECRET" to the machine is the process that "conditions" the 
magnets. This
conditioning process determines the output frequency and also prepares the
machine for operation. The same machine could be just as well "told" to 
output
50 HZ or 400 HZ. The conditioning technique is so novel, it is doubtful 
anyone
would ever guess how it is done. Oscilloscope observation of the VTA output
voltage waveform shows an apparently perfect sine wave that is not phase
locked to the local 60 HZ power line voltage.
The VTA can be started by momentary connection of a 9 volt battery to 
the drive
coils when the machine is operated in the self-powered mode. The 
operation is
stopped by momentary interruption of power to the power coils.
The VTA "likes" to always see a minimum load of 25 watts.
Electrical shock to humans from the VTA may be more damaging than contact
with a 120 VRMS 60 HZ conventional powerline volt- age. Floyd has 
accidentally
had VTA current pass from his thumb to his smallest finger. It appears 
to freeze
the flesh and was extremely painful for at least two weeks.
The mechanism by which negative energy makes copper conductors cold but will
also heat light bulb filaments is not understood. Tom Bearden has coined the
term "Gravito Stiction" for this process and has described how he 
believes it
works.
On the human side of the VTA development, some incidents are worth telling.
Two people from Australia, who claimed they wanted to help Floyd, stole 
his note
book and promptly asked John Bedini for help in replicating the VTA based on
the notebook contents. John recognized the notebook as belonging to 
Floyd and
promptly asked them to leave. However, the notebook was never recovered.
Floyd has received many death threats over the phone, and some threats 
face to
face. A well dressed gentleman in a expensive suit, tie, hat, and 
hundred dollar
shoes approached Floyd on the sidewalk of the street where he lives and
introduced himself as Cecil Brown. He showed him a picture of Floyd 
inside his
apartment. Cecil then told him that he represented a conglomerate that 
did not
want Floyd's device to appear in the world at this time. He further 
stated that
sometimes unfortunate things happen to people who do not comply with the
wishes of others. He then retrieved the picture and departed. Incidences 
like this
do impart significant concern in Floyd's mind!
One real unsung hero of the human side of this story is Al Margolin, who for
many years has provided test equipment, fabrication help, and 
transportation for
Floyd and Rose whenever needed, and it was needed many times.
Floyd's long time friend and former employer Bill Lawry has provided 
living and
project expenses and fabrication help when needed.
The reliable conditioning of the magnets in a manner that assures long time
operation is the Achilles heel of this device. With the help of enough 
of the right
people this device may change our world and open a new field of physics! 
This
adventure of course is an on going and the final goal of powering the 
world with
the VTA is still a long ways off.

Negative electricity!  Joel and I experienced all of the effects that 
Bearden, Sweet and all others saw!

Yes!  Doug, Kone, Been there, done that! Norm


On 6/28/2018 12:52 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hi Norman
>
> Remember the Hal Putoff one watt challenge?
>
> Was all this or before or after or during that big cash money prize to 
> anyone who can "prove without doubt to him" that you have something 
> overunity....and only one watt is all it will take....
>
> Cant remember what the prize was but I would guess this contest was 
> meant to bring all the inventors and scientists out of the woodwork 
> and contact hin - now a nice list is created pf who to threaten, who 
> to cancel any hope of patenting device, who to steal tech from, who to 
> steal and patent yourself via corporate CIA controlled business, so 
> tech never sees light of day, who to discourage with his 
> "brilliant"lump resistive load testing set up to ruin everything make 
> it look 10% efficient when in actuality it is 7 times overunity....
>
> Chernetsky was murdered I am sure the CIA made it look like the 
> Russians did it, as supposedly he wanted to come to USA  (to win and 
> claim the one watt challenge?) But I would guess HP made some  
> classified reports to interested parties in black suits who took a 
> short vacation to Russia......
>
> Kone
>
>
>

Rex Research <http://rexresearch.com/>


  Rex Research <http://rexresearch.com/>

	


	

  * Home <http://rexresearch.com/>
  * Main Index <http://rexresearch.com/1index.htm>

    **
    *rexresearch.com <http://rexresearch.com/index.htm>*
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------


    *Floyd A. SWEET*

    *Space Quanta Magnifier*
    *(Vacuum Triode Amplifier)

    *

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------




    ------------------------------------------------------------------------


    *
    Floyd A. "Sparky" Sweet*

    *Contents*

    *(1) F. Sweet : Nothing is Something...*
    *(2) F. Sweet & T. Bearden : Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to
    Tap Vacuum Energy*
    *(3) W. Rosenthal : Floyd Sweet's VTA*
    *(4) Notes*
    *(5) Diagrams, Photographs & Video*
    *(6) Jerry Decker : A Possible Key to the VTA*
    *(7) Letter : T. Bearden to Dr Jon Noring*
    *(8) T. Bearden : Progress report on the Sweet Vacuum Triode*

    *Special thanks to: Jerry Decker/KeelyNet,  J.L. Naudin, Tom Bearden
    & Walt Rosenthal*
    *Discussion Group: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sweet_VTA*

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------


    *Nothing Is Something:*
    *The Theory and Operation of a Phase-Conjugated Vacuum Triode*

    by
    *
    Floyd A. "Sparky" Sweet*

    (June 24th, 1988)

    *[ Source: http://jnaudin.free.fr ]*

    *Theoretical Overview*

    /Nothing/, on the cosmological scale, is virtually everything. It is
    the home of all the invisible fields, rippling with the activity of
    every real force. Every kind of matter produces a field, the field
    all mesh in complex ways, often causing interference with other
    fields. Fields are the "stuff" of the virtual vacuum. A light
    particle is nothing more than a large interference in the
    electromagnetic field. Apart from interaction with matter of other
    fields a field will not be changed in the vacuum. It will not go
    away; it cannot. Fields are a fundamental part of the vacuum
    structure itself. Fields in their most quiescent state form the
    virtual vacuum itself. Even when everything that can be removed from
    a vacuum has been removed, the Higgs field remains. `"Imagine the
    entire universe permeated with a constant magnetic field". One need
    not imagine, for it is true. It is clear from experimentation that
    certain results appear that are not explainable without the presence
    of a field. The field consists of an infinite number of
    one-dimensional North and South poles in an incoherent state-
    incoherent due to the presence of a multitude of other interfering
    fields formed by other North and South poles, or particles or
    quanta. Thus the virtual vacuum is far from empty, far from nothing,
    it is rather seething with potential energy as the primordial
    powerhouse of everything in the universe.

    PROMOTED STORIES

      * 20 Prom Dresses No Teen Should Be Wearing The Stir
        <http://thestir.cafemom.com/tweens_teens/184065/14_prom_dresses_no_teen?utm_medium=sem2&utm_source=outbrain-pvs&utm_campaign=outbrain_pvs&utm_content=%7Bsite%7D>

      * These Celebrities Died Without Anyone Knowing OK! Celeb
        <http://okceleb.com/celebrities-you-didnt-know-passed-away/?utm_campaign=ok-desk-us-passed03&utm_medium=5419792&utm_source=outbrain&utm_content=1d21a2>

      * If You Don't Want to Look Older, Add These 10 Things to Your
        Routine! factfalcon
        <http://factfalcon.com/makeup-tricks-to-shed-years-off-your-face/?utm_source=outbrain&utm_medium=referral&utm_term=5419792&utm_campaign=22makeup3>


      * Hillary is ready to take on the NRA. Say you're with her. Paid
        for Hillary Victory Fund, hillaryclinton.com/go
        <https://www.hillaryclinton.com/forms/om-hvf-end-gun-violence/?utm_medium=om2016&utm_source=ob&utm_campaign=lb-gunviolence&utm_content=46488740>

      * How To: Fix Crepey Skin [Watch] Beverly Hills MD
        <http://beverlyhills-md.com/cmd.php?ad=765085>
      * This Is The Before Photo, You Won't Believe The After HGTV
        <http://www.hgtv.com/shows/fixer-upper/fixer-upper-tackling-the-beast-pictures?c1=OB_DGTL_HGTV_Shows&c2=Outbrain&c3=HGTV_Shows_%7Borigsrcid%7D&c4=%7Bdoc_id%7D>


    Recommended by<http://www.outbrain.com/what-is/default/en>

    As postulated by Einstein in his famous equation E = MC^2 , energy
    is a kind of matter. So even the energy of distant starlight must be
    accounted for in any holistic view of physical reality. The vacuum
    itself is literally popping with virtual particles that appear and
    disappear in the field during instants too brief to be measured.
    Virtual particles with lifetimes or dwelltimes too short for the
    name "particles" to be appropriate. As a result the generated fields
    are always in some state of flux. However, under the influence of a
    generated Motional Electromagnetic field parts of the normally
    chaotic virtual field break off from randomness and form a more
    coherent region. This region consists of a structured portion of the
    spacetime continuum which by its very nature seems to attract more
    virtual particles (This increase in particle density has been
    verified by lab experiments conducted the week of June 19, 1988).
    This higher concentration of particles develops a warping of the
    spacetime continuum where negative energy is produced in abundance.
    The existence of this condition via direct engineering of the
    virtual state allows for the safe generation of electrical energy.
    This condition, in essence, forms the underlying principle of
    operation of the Phase-Conjugated Vacuum Triode. This device,
    however, produces negative energy which is the reverse of the
    conventional positive energy generated by all devices in service
    today. The arc generated by a short-circuit in a negative energy
    system is excessively bright and cold, producing barely an audible
    hiss with no explosive force. Melting of conductors does not occur
    and this type of negative current passes through the human body with
    only the feeling of a chill. Conductors remain cool under load while
    only tiny cross-sectional areas of copper are required to convey
    many hundreds of watts of power. Although all of this seems nearly
    unbelievable, only what has been demonstrated in the laboratory has
    been described in this paper. The source of energy is unlimited, the
    virtual vacuum of space itself structured by a motional
    electromagnetic field is the powerhouse.

    *The Nature of Space*

    Space itself is the ability to accommodate energy. Consider for a
    moment the following illustration: A signal (energy) is transmitted
    from point A to point B. A and B are separated by a finite distance.
    Consider three periods of time:

    1) The signal is launched from A.
    2) The signal resides in the space between A and B.
    3) The signal arrives at B.

    If (3) occurs simultaneously with (1) we say that the signal has
    traveled at infinite velocity. The signal has never resided in the
    intervening space and therefore _there exists no space between A and
    B_. A is virtually at the same point in space as B. For real space
    to exist between A and B it is necessary that a signal travelling
    between them be "lost" with reference to both points for a finite
    period of time.

    Now we know that for real space to exist between two points a signal
    travelling between them will propagate at a finite velocity . If a
    signal will not travel between two points, as in the case when c =
    0, then we can also conclude that there is no link or intervening
    space between them. We have no means of detecting either an infinite
    velocity-supporting space or zero-velocity space, so they do not
    exist as usable scientific concepts. If space cannot accommodate a
    signal it has no function and no reality. We are left then with the
    only real space, the home of the real and virtual vacuum. Space
    which supports a finite, nonzero velocity where .

    The above discussion dealt with a definition of space and the
    propagation velocity it will support. A similar argument applies to
    the impedance of space. A medium can only accommodate positive
    energy if the medium resists it to a reasonable degree. Neither an
    infinitely strong spring nor an infinitely weak one can absorb or
    accommodate energy by being compressed. Neither an infinitely large
    mass nor an infinitely light mass can absorb or accommodate energy
    imparted by collision. The same holds true for space. Energy cannot
    enter space of zero impedance (i.e; ) any more than a force can bear
    on a mass of zero magnitude. Similarly, energy could not enter space
    of infinite impedance. It follows therefore, that necessary
    properties of real space are:

    1) finite propagation velocity
    2) finite impedance.

    Continuing our discussion of space and the values of c, Z_o , µ, we
    take as given that real space sustains non-zero finite impedance and
    velocity as follows:

    where: µ and are characteristics of a unit volume.

    As yet we have not arrived at volume, which implies real space. At
    this point in our discussion we have merely described c and Z_o .
    Therefore, we can only define µ and in terms of them. Algebraically
    it can be shown that:

    Although we have said that the fundamental characteristics of space
    are c and Z_o , perhaps it is better to say that they are t and Z_o
    , where t is the time delay through a finite segment of space
    replacing c, the velocity through that segment. It is profitable to
    move away from the idea of constant velocity c travelling through
    space which leads one to conceptualization of a segment of space
    which traversed in 1 nanosecond (nsec) is 1 foot long. If one starts
    with a conceptual frame in which space is in terms of t, a segment
    of space can easily be though of as 1 nsec wide, and the energy
    entering it appears leaving it 1 nsec later. Subsidiary concepts of
    length and velocity can then be deduced as needed. We could
    alternately say that space was (a) 1 foot wide with a propagation
    velocity of 1 foot/nsec, or (b) 2 feet wide with a velocity of 2
    feet/nsec. Fundamental to the proposed world view is the reality
    that no experiment could help us decide between (a) and (b). The
    essence of space is time, not distance, and only one propagation
    velocity () is possible through a segment of space. Thus, time
    through a segment is
    intimately related to the length of the segment. Propagation which
    is not at the speed of light cannot exist according to this world view.

    *General Description of Energy Transfer*

    Consider energy, flowing straight and level down the proximity of a
    transmission line. The energy does not know the width of the channel
    through which it is passing. If the energy reaches a point where the
    dielectric changes (but not the geometry), some of it will continue
    on and some of it will reflect. If the energy reaches a change in
    the width of the transmission line some will reflect and some will
    continue as well. The energy current will not know whether:

    (a) the dielectric is changing, or
    (b) the geometry is changing.

    Energy current does not have directional inertia, so that (a) is
    equivalent to (b). Energy current _does_ have an aspect ratio. If
    the aspect ratio is forced to change, some of the flowing energy
    will reflect in order to assure that its _total_ aspect ratio
    remains constant. Crudely, the aspect ratio is similar to the ratio
    of E to H, or the same as the ratio of to µ. The aspect ratio of
    energy current is much like the aspect ratio of space. While the
    aspect ratio of space can change, it fundamental velocity cannot
    really change. This parameter becomes merely our way of
    conceptualizing time delay when energy resides in a region of space.


    A /B = Aspect Ratio

    Uniform space has only two parameters:

    1) aspect ratio
    2) time delay.

    Aspect ratio defines the shape of energy entering a given region of
    space, but not its amplitude. Velocity or length define the time
    during which the properly shaped energy can be accommodated by a
    region of space. Aspect ratio is really a definition of the relative
    compatibility of adjacent regions of space. Does flowing energy
    current largely travel unimpeded through an interface, or does it
    largely reflect at the interface? Space has quiet zones through
    which energy glides virtually unreflected. There are also noisy
    zones where energy current becomes incoherent, bounces about and
    splits apart. Noisy zones in space have either rapidly changing
    geometry or rapidly changing impedance ().

    *Electromagnetic Energy*

    The rate of flow of energy through a surface can be calculated as a
    function of E and H. Specifically this flow is equivalent to E*.*H
    per unit area. This energy flows at the speed of light through a
    medium where . E and H are in quadrature and are normal to the
    direction of the energy flow. The energy density is therefore:
    E*.*H/c. If two signals of equal magnitude (assume E/2 & H/2) are
    travelling through each other in opposite directions the energy
    density is calculated as follows:

    If the directions of the two signals are such that opposite H-fields
    cancel and E-fields add, an apparently steady E-field will be
    created. The energy density of the fields remain as calculated
    above, but the value of the E-field will double from E/2 to E. It is
    a simple matter using the equations and for a team wave to get rid
    of H and c and so convert the first equation into the well known
    equation for energy density in the so-called electrostatic field:

    Similarly, if two signals flow through each other in such a way as
    to give the appearance of a steady magnetic field as a result of
    their E-field canceling it is easily shown using the above equations
    to cancel out H and c so that:

    Modern physics is based upon the faulty assumption that
    electromagnetics contains two kinds of energy: electric and
    magnetic. This assumption leads to a Baroque view of physical
    reality. Under that view energy seems to be associated with the
    square of the field intensity rather than a more reasonable view
    that it is linearly proportional to field intensity. It is worth
    remembering that neither Einstein nor most modern physicists were or
    are familiar with the concept of energy currents described herein.
    However, their work still survives by ignoring the energy current
    concept, scalar electromagnetics, the works of T. E. Bearden,
    Kaluza-Klein, and others who dispute Heaviside's interpretations of
    Maxwell's equations.

    *The Fallacy of Displacement Current*

    Conventional electromagnetic theory proposes that when an electric
    current flows down a wire into a capacitor it spreads out across the
    plate, producing an electric charge on the plate which in turn leads
    to an electric field between the capacitor plates. The valuable
    concept of continuity is then retained by postulating "after
    Maxwell" a displacement current. This current is a manipulation of
    the electric field (E) between the capacitor plates which has the
    dimensions of electric current and completes the flow of electricity
    in the circuit. This approach permits us to retain Kirchoff's laws
    and other valuable concepts even though superficially it appears
    that at the capacitor there is a break in the continuous flow of
    electric current. The flaw in this model appears when we notice that
    the current entered the capacitor at only one point on the capacitor
    plate. We then are left with the major difficulty of explaining how
    the electric charge flowing down the wire suddenly distributes
    itself uniformly across the entire capacitor plate, at a velocity in
    excess of the speed of light. This paradoxical situation is created
    by a flaw in the basic model. Work in high speed logic conducted by
    Ivor Catt has shown that the model of lumped capacitance is faulty
    and displacement current is an artifact of the faulty model. Since
    any capacitor behaves similarly to a transmission line it is no more
    necessary to postulate a displacement current for the capacitor than
    it is necessary to do so for a transmission line. The excision of
    "displacement current" from electromagnetic theory has been based on
    arguments which are independent of the classic dispute over whether
    the electric current causes the electromagnetic field, or vice versa.

    *The Motional E-Field*

    Of all the known fields --- electric, magnetic, gravitational and
    motional E-field --- the only ones incapable of being shielded are
    the induced motional E-field and the gravitational field. The nature
    of the motionally induced electric field is quite unique; in order
    understand it more fully we must start by parting with a few
    misleading paradigms. When magnetic flux is moved perpendicularly
    across a conductor an electromotive force (emf) is
    electromagnetically induced "within'' the conductor. "Within" is an
    artifact of the commonly used analogy comparing the flow of electric
    current within a wire to the flow of water within a pipe. This is a
    most misleading model theoretically. The true phenomenon taking
    place has little been thought of as involving the production of a
    spatially distributed electric field. We can see that the model's
    origins likely arose from the operation called "flux cutting", a
    most deceiving and misleading term. A better term, "time varying
    flux modulation", does not imply any separation of lines of flux.
    Truly, lines of flux are always in closure upon themselves and are
    mathematically expressed as line integrals. It is fallacious to use
    the term "cutting", which implies time varying separation which does
    not in fact ever occur. A motionally induced E-field is actually
    created within the space occupied by the moving magnetic flux
    described above. This field is present therein, whether or not a
    conductor is present in the space. In terms of a definition we can
    say that, when magnetic flux of vector intensity moved across a
    region of space with vector velocity, electromagnetically induced
    electric field vector BxV appears in the space at right angles to
    both and. Therefore,

    (1)

    It is this field that is related to gravity, it is virtually
    unshieldable. This field may be called the Motional E-field.
    According to T.E. Bearden, "It seems that the charged particles in
    the atom (electrons and protons) act like tiny magnets. Their motion
    in the space surrounding the atom would create this motional
    E-field". The field created by both the positive and negative
    charges would cancel to some degree, but due to the high orbital
    velocity of the negative electron relative to that of the positive
    proton the induced field of the electron should dominate the
    resulting field. The field produced as a result of these charges
    would vary proportionally to the inverse square of distance similar
    to gravity. The field produced by the translational motion of the
    charges would vary inversely as the cube of distance. This concept
    totally unites the electromagnetic and gravitational field theories
    and accounts for the strong and weak forces within the atom.

    *Field Super-Position & The Vacuum Triode*

    Electromagnetic induction with no measurable magnetic field is not
    new. It is well known that in the space surrounding a properly wound
    toroidal coil there is no magnetic field. This is due to the
    superposition of the fields. However, when alternating current is
    surging through a transformer an electric field surrounds it. When
    we apply the principle of superposition to the vacuum triode it
    becomes more obvious how the device is in fact operating.

    The principle of superposition states that "In order to calculate
    the resultant intensity of superimposed fields, each field must be
    dealt with individually as though the other were not present". The
    resultant is obtained by vector addition of each field considered
    singularly. Consider for a moment the construction of the triode
    which includes the bifilar coils located within the fields of the
    two conditioned magnets. When the current in one half of the
    conductors in the coils (i.e., one of the bifilar elements in each
    coil) of the device is moving up, both the current and the magnetic
    field follow the right-hand rule. The resultant motional E-field
    would be vertical to both and inwardly directed. At the same time
    the current in the other half of the conductors in the coils is
    moving down and both the current and magnetic field follow the
    right-hand rule. The resulting motion E-field is again vertical to
    both and inwardly directed. Thus, the resultant field intensity is
    double the intensity attributable to either one of the set of coil
    conductors taken singularly. Expressed mathematically;

    where:

        (2) 


    The first term in the equation represents the flow of the magnetic
    field when the electrons are moving in one direction, while the
    second term defines the flow of the magnetic field when the
    electrons are moving in the other direction. These measurements
    indicate that field intensity is directly proportional to the square
    of the current required by the load placed on the device. This is
    due to its proportional relationship with the virtual value of the
    magnetic field which theory states is proportional to the current.
    Electrometer readings were always close to parabolic, thus
    indicating that the source was of infinite capacity. It was further
    determined through experiment that the magnetic field does not
    change with temperature. Also, there is no reason yet identified
    which would lead one to believe that electron drift velocity
    changes. It has been found remarkable that the vacuum triode runs
    approximately 20°F below ambient.

    *Induced Electromotive Force: Positive Energy*

    When an emf. is impressed on a closed metallic circuit, current
    results. The emf along a closed path C in space is defined as the
    work per unit charge (W/Q) done by the electromagnetic fields on a
    small test charge moved along path C. Since work is the line
    integral of force (F), the work per unit charge is the line integral
    of force per unit charge. Letting F/Q denote the vector
    electromagnetic force per unit charge (in newtons per coulomb) we have

    (3)

    The scalar product (F/Q) dtdl is the product of (F/Q) * cos dl with
    denoting the angle between vectors F/Q and dl.

    The electric force per unit charge is the electric field intensity
    (E) in volts/meter. The magnetic force per unit charge is V x B
    where V denotes the velocity of the test charge in meters per second
    and B denotes the magnetic flux density in webers/M^2 . In terms of
    the smaller angle between V and B, the cross product of V and B is a
    vector having the magnitude VB sin. The direction of vector VxB is
    normal to the plane which contains vectors V and B in accordance
    with the right-hand rule (i.e., VxB is in the direction of the thumb
    while the fingers curl through the angle from V toward B). Since the
    total force per unit charge is E + VB the total emf in terms of the
    fields is:

    (4)

    It appears from eq. (4) that the emf depends on the forward velocity
    with which the test charge is moved along the path C. This, however,
    is not the case. If V and dl in eq. (4) have the same direction then
    their associated scalar product is zero. Thus, only the component of
    V which is not in-line with dl (i.e. = 0) can contribute to the
    emf.. This component has value only if the differential path length
    dl has a sideways motion. Thus, V in eq. (4) represents the sideways
    motion, if any, of dl. The fields E and B in eq.(4) could well be
    represented as functions of time as well as functions of the space
    coordinates. In addition, the velocity V of each differential path
    length dl may vary with time. However, eq. (4) correctly expresses
    the emf or voltage drop along path C as a function of time. That
    component of the emf consisting of the line integral V x B is the
    motional E-field since it has value ony when path C is moving
    through a magnetic field, traversing lines of magnetic flux. For
    stationary paths there is no motional E-field and the voltage drop
    is simply the integral of the electric field E. Emfs are generated
    by devices that separate charge. A familiar example is the battery
    which utilizes chemical forces to separate charge. Other examples
    include the heating of a thermocouple, exposure of a photovoltaic
    cell to incident light, or the rubbing together of different
    materials (electrostatic charge separation). Electric fields are
    also produced by time varying magnetic fields. This principle is
    extensively exploited to produce conventional electric power in the
    utility industry.

    The line integral of electric field intensity E around any closed
    path C equals -d/dt, with representing the magnetic flux over any
    surface S having the closed path C as its contour. The positive side
    of the surface S and the direction of the line integral  around
    contour C are related by the right-hand rule (the curled fingers are
    oriented so as to point around the loop in the direction of the
    integration and the extended thumb points out the positive side of
    the surface S.) The magnetic flux is the surface integral of
    magnetic flux density B as shown below:

    (5)

    In eq. (5) the vector differential surface ds has an area of ds and
    is directionally normal to the plane of ds out of the positive side.
    The partial time derivative of is defined as:

    (6)

    This is referred to as the _magnetic current_ through surface S. For
    moving surface S the limits of the surface integral in eq. (6) are
    functions of time but the equation is still applicable. It is
    important to clarify at this point that when we evaluate the value
    of d/dt over a surface that is moving in the proximity of magnetic
    field activity _we treat the surface for the instant under
    consideration as though it were stationary_. The partial time
    derivative ofis the time rate of change of flux through surface S
    due only to a changing magnetic field density B. Any increase ofdue
    to the motion of the surface in the B-field is _not_ included in
    that calculation.

    Continuing this discussion leads us to note that an electric field
    must be present in any region containing a time varying magnetic
    field. This is shown by eq. (7) displayed below:

    (7)

    In this equation is the magnetic flux in webers out of the positive
    side of any surface having path C as its contour. Combining eq. (7)
    above with eq. (4) we are able to calculate the emf about a closed
    path C. This is shown below:

    (8)

    and in another form

    (9)

    Thus, the emf around a closed path consists in general of two
    components. The component d/dt is the variational emf and the second
    component is the motional E-field. In eq.(9) (V x B)dl can be means
    of a vector identity be replaced with B*(V x dl)A. V is the sideways
    velocity of dl, the vector Vxdl has magnitude Vdl and a direction
    normal to the surface ds swept out by moving length dl in time d.
    Letting B_n denote the component of B normal to this area we can see
    that -B*(v x dl) becomes -B_n Vdl and eq.(9) can be rewritten as:

    (10)

    Clearly, the integral of B_n V around the closed contour C with
    sideways velocity of magnitude V for each length dl traversed is
    simply the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the
    surface bounded by C. This change is due directly to the passage of
    path C through lines of magnetic flux. Hence, the complete
    expression of emf above in eq.(10) is the time rate of change of the
    magnetic flux over any surface S bounded by the closed path C, due
    to the changing magnetic field and the movement of the path through
    the magnetic field. eq.(10) may be written:

    (11)

    /Note/: The only difference between eq.(7) and eq.(11) is that
    eq.(7) contains only the variational emf while eq.(11) is the sum of
    the variational and motional emf's. In eq.(7) the partial time
    derivative of magnetic fluxis the rate of flux change due only to
    the time varying magnetic field while eq.(11) includes the total
    time derivative of the rate of flux change due to the time varying
    magnetic field and path C's passage through the magnetic field. If
    the closed path C is not passing through lines of magnetic flux then
    eq.(7) and eq.(11) are equivalent.

    It is also important to point out that d/dt in eq.(11) does not
    necessarily mean the total time rate of change of the fluxover the
    surface S. For example, the flux over surface S is bounded by the
    closed contour C of the left portion of the electric circuit shown
    in Figure 1. The flux is

    changing as the coil is unwound by the rotation of the cylinder as
    illustrated. However, since B is static there is no variational emf
    and since the conductors are not modulating lines of flux there is
    no motional emf. Thus, d/dt in eq.(11) is zero even the flux is
    changing with time. Note that d/dt was defined as representing the
    right hand part of the expression in e.(10) and d/dt must not be
    more broadly interpreted.

    In the application of the presented equations it is required that
    one refer all flux densities and movements to a single specified
    coordinate system. In particular, the velocities will all be with
    respect to this system alone and not interpreted as relative
    velocities between conductors or moving lines of flux. The
    coordinate system is arbitrarily selected and the magnitudes of
    variational and motional fields depend upon the selection.

    *Example #1*

    A fundamental electric generator is shown in Figure 2. The parallel
    stationary conductors separated by distance l have a moving
    conductor connected to across them.

    The circuit is completed by a moving conductor connected to the
    parallel conductors by means of two sliding taps. This conductor is
    located at y = 0 when time t = 0, and moves to the right at a
    constant velocity V = Vay. The applied flux B is represented by dots
    on Figure 2 and has a magnitude that equals B = B_o cosB_y cos wt
    ax. The unit vectors in the directions of the respective coordinate
    axes are ax, ay, and az.

    /Solution/: Let S denote the plane rectangular surface bounded by
    the closed electric circuit, with a positive side selected as the
    side facing the reader. The counterclockwise emf around the circuit
    is d/dt with signifying the magnetic flux out of the positive side
    of S (As ds = 1 dy ax). The scalar product B*ds is B_o l cos B_y ,
    cost dy; integrating from y = 0 to y = y gives:

    (12)

    with y_1 denoting the instantaneous y position of the moving wire.
    The counterclockwise emf is found by replacing y with vt and
    evaluating d/dt. The result is

    (13)

    The variational (transformer) component is which is determined with
    aid of eq.(12) to bewhere y = vt. This is the first component on the
    right side of eq.(13).

    /Note/: y_1 was treated as a constant when evaluating the partial
    time derivative of.

    The motional E-field is the line integral of V x B along the path of
    the moving conductor. As V x B is and As dl is dz ax evaluation of
    the integral of/dz/ from Z = 0 to Z = 1 results in a motional E-field of

    This component results from modulation of the lines of flux by the
    moving conductor. If the voltmeter draws no current, there can be no
    electromagnetic force on the free electrons of the wire. Therefore,
    the emf along the path of the metal conductors including the moving
    conductor is zero.

    *Example #2*

    Suppose the conductor with the sliding taps is stationary (V = 0)
    and it is located at y = y_1 . Also suppose the magnetic field B is
    produced by a system of moving conductors not shown in Figure 2
    which are travelling with a constant velocity V = Vay . At time t =
    0 the magnetic field B is Bo sinBy ax. Determine the voltage across
    the voltmeter.

    /Solution/: There is no motional E-field because the conductors in
    Figure 2 are at rest (stationary) with respect to our selected
    coordinate system. However, the magnetic field at points fixed with
    respect to the coordinate system is changing with time and as a
    result there is a variational e.m.f. Since the B-field at t = 0 is B
    0 sinBy ax and has a velocity of V = Vay it can be calculated that
    the B-field as a function of time is B_o sin [B(y-vt)] ax. This is
    verified by noting that an observer located at y at time t = 0 who
    is travelling at the constant velocity (V = Vay) of the moving
    current would have a y coordinate of y = y + Vt and an accordingly
    different expression for B. He would observe a constant field where
    the magnetic current density is:

    The counterclockwise emf can be arrived at by taking the negative of
    an integral of the above expression for the rectangular surface
    bounded by the electric circuit with the positive side facing the
    reader with the limits of zero and y. The resulting emf equals:

    which is the voltage across the meter.

    *Induced Motional Field: Negative Energy*

    Conventional theory says that electric fields and magnetic fields
    are different things. Consider for a moment a charge with an
    electric field around it. If the charge is moved a magnetic field
    develops and the moving charge constitutes a current. If an observer
    were to move along with the charge, he would see no relative motion,
    no current, and no magnetic field. A stationary observer would see
    motion, current and a magnetic field. It would appear that a
    magnetic field is an electric field observed from a motional
    reference frame. Similarly, if we take a mass with a gravity field
    around it and we move the mass and create a mass current, a new
    field is also created. It is a different kind of gravity field with
    no source and no sink. It is called the Protational field also known
    as the "Lense-Thirring Effect". This field an its governing
    principles will form the basis for future anti-gravity devices.

    Within the confined area of the Vacuum Triode box, the spacetime
    continuum is reversed by the fields that are produced in the
    presence of excited coherent space flux quanta. These quanta have
    been attracted from and ultimately extracted from the virtual
    vacuum, the infinitely non-exhaustible Dirac Sea. For a more
    detailed mathematical format see Appendix A, a paper on "The Phase
    Conjugate Vacuum Triode" by T.E. Bearden, April 23, 1987. Much of
    the theory which likely applies to the vacuum triode has been
    developed in the field of phase conjugate optics.

    With regards to over-unity phenomena it is important to note that so
    long as positive energy is present in a positive/flowing time regime
    unity and over-unity power gains are not possible. The summation of
    the losses due to resistance, impedance, friction, magnetic
    hysteresis and eddy currents and windage losses of rotating
    machinery will always reduce overall efficiency below unity for a
    closed system. The laws of conservation of energy always apply to
    all systems. However, the induced motional E-field changes the
    system upon which those laws need be applied. Since the vacuum
    triode operates in dimensions more than four and provides a line
    between the multi-dimensional reality of the quantum state and a
    link between Dirac Sea we are now dealing with an open-ended system,
    not the closed system within which all conservation and
    thermodynamic laws were developed. To achieve unity, the summation
    of all magnetic and ohmic losses must equal zero. To achieve this
    state negative energy and resistance moves to zero and all energy
    flows along the outside of conductors in the form of a special space
    field. Negative energy is fully capable of lighting incandescent
    lights, running motors, and performing all of the functions of
    positive energy tested to date. When run in parallel with positive
    energy however, cancellation (annihilation) of opposing power types
    occurs. This has been fully tested in the laboratory.

    Once unity has been achieved and the gate to the Dirac Sea opened,
    over-unity is affected by loading the open gate more and more which
    opens it further to the point where direct communication/interaction
    with the nucleus of the atom itself is achieved. Output of the
    vacuum triode is not proportional to the excitation input as the
    output produced by the device is directly proportional to the load
    which is placed upon it. That load is the only dependent variable
    for device output. The triode's output voltage and frequency always
    remains constant due to the conditioning of the motional E-field in
    the permanent magnets and the small regulated excitation signal
    which is provided through a small oscillator. Regulation remains
    constant, output locks into an in-phase condition (cos = 1 Kvar = 1)
    under all load characteristics.

    The vacuum triode is a solid state device consisting of conditioned
    permanent magnets capable of producing a motional field. This field
    opens the gate to the Dirac Sea where negative energy is able to
    flow from an into the triode's receiving coils. The coils are very
    small diameter copper wire but are capable of producing in excess of
    5 kilowatts of useful power; this in itself is a clear indicator
    that the type of electrical energy provided by the device is not
    conventional. The wire sizes employed by the device would not be
    capable of carrying such large currents without excessive heat gain,
    however, the triode's coils actually run cooler when loaded at 5 kW.

    The fundamental magnets have been broken free of their binding
    forces which constrained them to be steadystate single pole uniform
    magnetic flux devices. They are now able to simply support mass, as
    demonstrated with the transformer steel illustration. They can now
    easily be made to adopt a dynamic motional field by applying a tiny
    amount of excitation. Specifically, 10V @ 1 mA (10 mW) of excitation
    at 60 Hz. will enable the coils of the triode to receive from the
    Dirac Sea in excess of 5000 watts of usable negative energy; how
    much more can safely be removed has not yet been determined.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /
    Proc. 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference/
    (August 4-9, 1991, Boston, MA):

    *Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy*

    by
    *Floyd Sweet*
    (Association of Distinguished American Scientists)

    *Thomas E. Bearden*
    (Association of Distinguished American Scientists)

    *Abstract*

    Based on E.T. Whittaker's previously unnoticed 1903-1904 papers
    which established a hidden bidirectional EM wave structure in a
    standing forcefield free scalar potential, a method of directly
    engineering the ambient potential of the vacuum has been developed
    and realized experimentally.

    Adding Whittaker's engineerable hidden variable theory to classical
    electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, and general  relativity
    produces supersets of each discipline. These supersets are joined by
    the common Whittaker subset, producing a unified field theory that
    is engineerable and tested.

    By treating the nucleus of the atom as a pumped phase conjugate
    mirror, several working model energy units have been produced which
    excite and organize the local vacuum, increase the local virtual
    photon flux between local vacuum and nucleus, establish coherent
    self-oscillations between the local excited vacuum and the affected
    nuclei, utilize the self-oscillating standing wave for self-pumping
    of the nuclei/mirrors, introduce a very tiny signal wave to the
    mirrors, and output into an external load circuit a powerful,
    amplified, time-reversed phase conjugate replica wave at 60 Hertz
    frequency and nominal 120 volt sine wave power.

    Several models have been built, ranging from 6 watts early on to one
    of 5 kilowatts. Both closed batteryless systems with damped positive
    feedback and open loop systems with battery-powered input have been
    successfully built. Open loop power gains of from 5 x 104 to 1.5 x
    106 have been achieved.

    Antigravity experiments have also been successfully conducted where
    the weight of the unit was reduced by 90% in controlled experiments,
    with a signal wave input of 175 microwatts and an output of 1 kilowatt.

    The basic theory of the device is briefly explained and experimental
    results presented. In the demonstration session, a videotape of one
    operating open-loop unit with a 1.5 x 106 power gain is planned, as
    is the demonstration of an actual working model closed-loop system
    with a nominal rating of 500 watts, and without external power input
    of any kind.

    The units are solid state, with no moving parts. Each of them
    comprises a unique form of self-powered vacuum triode of
    extraordinary gain, where the cathode power and plate power are
    freely furnished by the vacuum, and only a small grid signal need be
    furnished either from an external power source or by clamped
    positive feedback from the device's output. The output is negative
    energy, and some of its unique characteristics are pointed out.

    Implications of the experimental application of the Sweet vacuum
    triode, the Bearden approach to the nucleus as a pumped phase
    conjugate mirror, and the unified field theory based on Whittaker's
    engineerable hidden variable scalar EM potential theory, are also
    briefly addressed.

    Note: This paper has been prepared by Bearden, the second author
    listed, hereinafter called "the author", with full concurrence of
    the inventor of the vacuum triode, inventor and magnetics engineer
    Sweet, the first author listed.

    *Scalar Electromagnetics*

    In 1837 Sir W.R. Hamilton said, "The notion of time may be unfolded
    into an independent pure science... a science of pure time is
    possible."

    As is well known, the fundamental units utilized in physics are
    arbitrary. It is even possible to construct all of physics on a
    single unit, time. This oddity shows the truth in Hamilton's
    statement; it is even more odd, because quantum mechanically time is
    not an observable. This means that the observable world can be
    modeled completely in terms of the nonobservable, which is
    essentially what modern quantum mechanics is now doing.

    Hamilton viewed his magnificent quaternions as essentially having
    accomplished the mathematical structuring of time.  Maxwell's
    original EM theory, as is well-known, was modeled in Hamilton's
    quaternions, not in the highly curtailed Heaviside/Hertz vectors
    erroneously taught today as "Maxwell's theory."

    Not a single one of the present so-called "Maxwell's" vector
    equations ever appeared in a book or paper by James Clerk Maxwell.

    For some years the author has worked on an extended electromagnetics
    theory, involving the scalar component of the quaternion. [ref. 1]

    In Maxwell's original quaternion theory, this scalar component often
    remains when the directional components zero. Further, it then
    enfolds vectors and functions of vectors inside, in a hidden
    variable manner. Specifically, the author has patterned a unified
    field theory concept upon the previously unnoticed but remarkable
    early work of E.T. Whittaker. [ref. 2]

    In two fundamental papers in 1903 and 1904, Whittaker showed that
    all present vector EM can be replaced by scalar potential
    interferometry, and that bidirectional harmonic EM plane wave sets
    could be used to produce a standing wave of force-field-free
    potential (Figures 1 and 2).

            |  phi(x)
            |  Potential
          |       +  +
            |          +           +  <---- Organized Local Space-Time
            |       + + Curvature
            |     +       EM          +
            |   +  Substructure     +
            |  + +
            | + +
    |+__________________________________+_______________________________+__
    + +
    X --> + EM +
    + Substructure     +
    + +
    + +
    + +
    + +

    Figure 1:  Cross-section of Whittaker spherical EM potential wave.

    Thus Whittaker anticipated the quantum mechanical Aharonov/Bohm
    effect by 55 years, including extending it to the macroscopic world
    instead of the mesoscopic realm where it has been established to
    date. [ref. 3]

    In modern terms, Whittaker showed how to turn EM wave energy into
    electrogravitational potential energy, then how to interfere two
    such scalar potential waves to recover electromagnetic energy, even
    at a distance. [ref. 4]

    This unrecognized work is of great importance: when applied to
    modern physics, it produces supersets of quantum mechanics (QM),
    classical electromagnetics (EM), and general relativity (GR).

    Further, all three extended disciplines unify on their common
    Whittaker subset, in a testable and engineerable fashion. [ref. 5]

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 2: Infolded EM plane wave structure of a Whittaker wave.

    *The Nucleus as a PPCM and Triode*

    The author has also considered the highly nonlinear nucleus of the
    atom as a pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM), having found no
    other consideration of same in the literature.

    The author also dubbed a PPCM a "triode," since the amplified phase
    conjugate replica of the signal wave is much like the amplified
    output of a triode, and the signal wave input to a PPCM is much like
    a triode's grid signal input. The PPCM pump wave then corresponds
    roughly to the power input to the cathode and plate of a triode.
    [ref. 6]

    Figure 3 diagrammatically shows the PPCM with correspondence to a
    triode. [Referring to figure 3]

    Up to all the power in the pump waves A1 and A2 may be output in
    phase conjugate replica wave A3 in response to a small signal wave
    input A1.

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 3: A pumped phase conjugate mirror.

    *Vacuum Triode background*

    About seven years ago, the author was privileged to see and examine
    an invention of Mr. Floyd Sweet, that produced about 6 watts of
    electrical power from the vacuum itself.

    This remarkable device, which the author dubbed a vacuum triode, in
    a single unit utilized most of the scalar EM concepts the author had
    so painfully and slowly formulated over the years.

    Sweet, a brilliant inventor with a remarkable knowledge of
    magnetics, had utilized barium ferrite magnets and special coils to
    produce a solid-state device that successfully tapped the vacuum
    energy.

    The author quickly put together a theoretical concept for the
    energy-tapping mechanism, based on treatment of the nucleus as a
    PPCM and Whittaker's scalar EM potential unified field theory. [ref. 7]

    The author furnished the technical concept, treating the nucleus as
    a pumped phase conjugate mirror, to the inventor along with copies
    of Whittaker's papers.

    *Sweet's Synthesis and Extension*

    Sweet is also a brilliant EM theoretician, working in four, five, or
    even six dimensions with ease. He immediately synthesized the entire
    PPCM and Whittaker theory, and developed a complete theoretical
    treatment of the device. [ref. 8]

    He also increased the nuclear potential utilized in the activated
    nuclei of the device, which increased the pumping energy and hence
    the energy output. He next produced an open-loop vacuum triode (VT)
    with an output of 500 watts, for an input of 33 microwatts.

    Thereafter he produced several other models, including closed-loop
    systems and one with 5-KW output.

    *Purpose of This Paper*

    Our purpose is to explain the detailed scalar EM concept of the
    operation of the vacuum triode, since it is a universal method for
    cohering and tapping useful EM energy from the vacuum.

    The author believes that this mechanism is the fundamental mechanism
    that must be invoked in any over-unity device that
    electromagnetically extracts vacuum energy as electromagnetic effects.

    We also intend to demonstrate a full working model of the device at
    this conference. Sweet's detailed theoretical treatment will be
    completed and submitted to a major journal shortly, to complete the
    scientific exposition of the new methodology.

    I must also express my deep admiration for my brilliant inventor
    colleague. It has been a privilege to work with him, though under
    great difficulties and at a distance. He has developed several other
    related devices that are of great importance to the emerging new
    physics of vacuum engineering, in the sense referred to by Lee.
    [ref. 9]

    To mention just one, he has produced a magnetic lens which
    apparently can directly display the vacuum's virtual particle flux,
    or a good analog of it. So far as I am aware, this is the only
    extant instrument today that can perform this feat.

    When the vacuum triode has been proven to the scientific community,
    it is my intention to nominate Sweet for the Nobel Prize he so
    richly deserves, and seek high scientific endorsements for the
    recommendation.

    *Entropy*

    As is well known, in any closed dynamic system the order existing in
    it will gradually be dissipated, as more and more interactions
    occur. This leads to the notion of entropy as the increasing
    disorder in such systems. The assumptions are

    (1) a closed system, and
    (2) a positive flow of time for the components of the system.

    Actually no such thing as a completely closed system exists in
    nature. Every mass system is open to virtual particle flux exchange
    with the vacuum, for example, particularly in the nucleus of its
    atoms, where the bulk of its mass is located.

    However, the closed system assumption is reasonably approximated by
    a great many systems which are in stable thermodynamic equilibrium,
    or nearly so.

    On the other hand, in an open system far from thermodynamic
    equilibrium, the second law of thermodynamics does not necessarily
    apply, because the system violates both the closed system assumption
    and its equilibrium approximation. [ref.10]

    *Time Reversal*

    Since being discovered in 1972 in the open Soviet literature, the
    time-reversed (phase conjugate) EM wave has also been known. The
    phase conjugate EM wave is truly time-reversed, as has been shown
    experimentally. Since the time-reversed EM wave violates the second
    major assumption, the second law of thermodynamics need not
    necessarily hold for time-reversed entities.

    Putting all this together, if one wishes negentropy and hence
    increased energy in a system, the candidate suggested would appear
    to be a system that was strongly

    (1) open loop,
    (2) time-reversed, and
    (3) far from thermodynamic equilibrium.

    A good overview of time-reversal in physics has been provided by
    Sachs. [ref. 11]

    *Engineering the Nucleus*

    Since the nucleus already provides a myriad of time-reversed
    processes, engineering the nucleus of an atom is a very good
    candidate for practical negentropy.

    To engineer the nucleus directly, a Whittaker potential is first
    artificially constructed, by composing a harmonic set of
    phase-locked EM wave/antiwave pairs. It is accented that the
    antiwaves must be true phase conjugates; otherwise they will not
    constitute a gradient-free Whittaker standing potential wave.

    In addition, at least one harmonic interval must be used, and
    additional harmonic sets are most desirable. The reason is that a
    space-time lattice must be formed in the vacuum, where the energy is
    additive spatially but oppositive in t-dot, the rate of flow of
    time, in the fourth dimension.

    So a time-structure is required as well as a spatial structure,
    which is what is provided by /n/ bidirectional harmonic Whittaker EM
    wave sets, where /n/ is an integer greater than 1.

    Once a specific Whittaker structure has been chosen, the local
    lattice of space-time is established. This establishes phase-locked
    lattice groupings of coupled photon/antiphoton pairs, or of
    gravitons. In turn, this Whittaker-structured vacuum now contains
    specific graviton vacuum engines, which directly engineer and
    structure the vacuum's virtual particle flux (VPF) exchange with the
    nucleus. [ref.12]

    The nucleus is highly nonlinear, hence strongly phase conjugative,
    or time-reversed. The ambient potential of the local vacuum
    surrounding the nucleus is in a violent virtual photon exchange with
    it, accounting for its electrical charge.

    Since the preponderant charge is positive, from the viewpoint of the
    ordinary light observer whose light interacts with electron shells,
    the nucleus may be taken to exhibit time reversal (phase conjugation).

    *Energy, Time, and Gravitons*

    We take the definition of "energy" to be fundamentally an ordering
    imposed upon the VPF of vacuum. We take photon scattering from the
    electron shells of atoms to be the fundamental exterior mechanism
    producing forward flow of external observer time.

    It then follows that "time's arrow" for the EM observer is due to
    the universal scattering of photons from electron shells.

    In this view, forward (positive) time flow and entropy are due to
    the same primary action: photon scattering from electron shells. It
    is unfortunate that the concept of "positive" energy has been tied
    to, and defined in terms of, the scattering and dissipation of VPF
    order as work, or energy expended.

    Via the standard labeling, then, negative energy is the
    reconstitution of order in the vacuum VPF. It should be noted that,
    in a PPCM, dissipative or external pump wave stress energy can be
    scavenged and re-emitted in perfect order as the phase conjugate
    replica. This is a negentropic process, for it is capable of turning
    disorder into order. [ref. 13]

    In the time-reversed  PPCM  nucleus, we should expect to see
    appreciable negative energy, that is, energy removed from the EM
    scattering domain. This includes the binding energy of the nucleus,
    and the gravitational (G) potential energy of the EM energy removed
    from the "scattering interaction realm" and locked into the mass.

    Following Sakharov, we hold that the G-field is not a fundamental
    field of nature, but a composite caused by, or made from, other
    fields. [ref. 14]

    To the first order, we assume the G-potential is comprised of
    coupled photon/antiphoton pairs, on the average, where the
    statistical coupled spin-2 photon/antiphoton pair is a graviton.
    [ref. 15]

    We follow the modern view of the field: because of vacuum
    fluctuations, rigorously one no longer speaks of "the" field, but of
    the probability of a particular field configuration. [ref. 16]

    We also hold the vacuum to be composed of potentials, and regard the
    three terms space-time, vacuum, and scalar potential as essentially
    synonymous.

    *Newton's Third Law and the Detection Process*

    The VPF EM stress of the local vacuum immediately surrounding the
    nucleus may be decomposed a la Whittaker into opposing bidirectional
    EM plane waves/forces. Thus the nonlinear nucleus may be regarded as
    a pumped phase conjugate mirror, normally with a gain of one.

    In this view, Newton's third law reaction force is generated because
    the so-called "photon" interaction with an atom is in fact a
    graviton reaction involving a photon/antiphoton pair that is decoupled.

    The decoupled photon normally is absorbed and reradiated by an
    orbital electron, while the decoupled antiphoton interacts with the
    nucleus, producing a time-reversed twin of the external force, or,
    in other words, Newton's third law reaction force, which gives a
    slight recoil of the nucleus.

    Half of every measurement physicists normally make is discarded,
    with the missing half accounting only for Newtonian reaction in the
    meter or instrument, which is usually ignored.

    The fact that half of our measurement interactions are ignored is
    occasionally discovered and noted by physicists, who may even write
    a paper pointing it out, but no change is instituted in the
    foundations. [ref. 17 and 18]

    *Semiconducting Vacuum and Self-Oscillation*

    The vacuum immediately surrounding the nucleus is structured by the
    nucleus, and is itself nonlinear and capable of acting as a
    semiconductor. [ref. 19]

    Since both this immediately local semiconductor vacuum and the
    nucleus it surrounds are highly nonlinear, then nonlinear resonance
    can conceivably be established between them.

    Further, since the resonating system in such case is an open system
    away from thermodynamic equilibrium, the oscillation can be
    self-sustaining. Such self-oscillation of the pumping of a PCM is
    already well known in the nonlinear optical literature, particularly
    with compounds containing barium. [ref. 20]

    *The Vacuum Triode: The Basic Concept*

    As is well known, a stress can be decomposed into opposing sets of
    forces. But quantum mechanically, the forces we are interested in
    with our work here are all caused electromagnetically, by the
    exchange of virtual photons. Even mechanical force, according to QM,
    is caused in this manner. Thus opposing electromagnetic or
    mechanical "stress" sets of bidirectional EM forces are
    microscopically equivalent to the notion of pump waves in nonlinear
    optics.

    Hence under the proper conditions, it follows that trapped EM stress
    energy of the vacuum can be utilized to "pump" the nucleus. Treating
    the stress-pumped nonlinear nucleus as a PPCM, it follows that the
    stress energy of the vacuum can be tapped by a 4-wave mixing
    mechanism in the atomic nucleus, to provide amplified phase
    conjugate EM wave outputs from the atom in response to small signal
    wave inputs. [21]

    In the proper nonlinear material, the material may act as a PPCM, in
    which case there exists a suitable connection between the material's
    atomic nuclei and its external electromagnetic lattice bonds, and
    the amplified phase conjugate replica wave generated in the nucleus
    will be emitted from the material as an EM wave field. This field
    can then be tapped by suitable means and output to an external load
    circuit.

    Block Diagram of the Vacuum Triode*: *Figure 4 shows a basic block
    diagram of the vacuum triode process, utilized by Sweet in several
    laboratory vacuum energy devices. These devices have ranged from a
    nominal 500 watt output in a 6 lb device to 5 kilo watts for a
    heavier unit. Gains have ranged from 50,000 to 1,500,000 for
    open-loop systems. Both open-loop and closed-loop systems have been
    built and tested.

    Figure 4 shows a combined block diagram for either a closed-loop or
    open-loop system. In the open-loop system, a barium ferrite magnetic
    material is used as a pumped phase conjugate mirror.

    In the "standard" design, two opposing PPCMs are used. The advantage
    of this dual combination is the use of self-targeting (repetitive
    phase conjugation, signal by signal). This has the effect of

    (1) stabilizing the Whittaker field, and
    (2) producing a quantum potential between the two mirrors, so the
    mirrors and the Whittaker potential between them are essentially one
    single space-time entity.

    Discussion of a quantum potential is beyond the scope of this paper,
    but the technical mechanism for creating one has been previously
    presented by the author on several occasions. [ref. 22]

    First we will explain the open-loop operation of the vacuum triode.
    In Figure 4, on the right an external 60 Hz, nominal 10 volt AC sine
    wave of several tens of microwatts in power is input into the
    stabilized field of the barium ferrite magnet structure, where it
    modulates the field, producing a signal wave input into the atoms of
    the material.

    In the top right block, the EM signal wave interacts with the
    electron shell of an atom, which in turn is EM-coupled to the nucleus.

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 4: The Vacuum Triode Concept

    Thus an EM signal wave is input to the nucleus of the atom, which is
    highly nonlinear (middle top block). Earlier, Sweet had specifically
    conditioned the atomic nuclei with a proprietary process, wherein in
    the barium nucleus a trapped 60 Hz scalar EM spherical wave
    resonance (self-oscillation) exists between the structured
    semiconductor vacuum immediately surrounding the Ba nucleus.

    In the same activation process, the ambient potential of the
    surrounding vacuum was raised and stabilized, in the two leftmost
    blocks.

    At this point the nonlinear nucleus is effectively self-pumped by
    the trapped, excited, spherical scalar wave oscillation between the
    structured semiconductor vacuum and the nucleus. The nucleus is now
    a strongly pumped phase conjugate mirror.

    Consequently, when the signal wave input arrives, the PPCM nucleus
    emits an amplified phase conjugate replica (PCR) wave, which
    precisely backtracks the input signal wave. This precise
    backtracking (perfect retroreflection) is referred to as the
    "distortion correction theorem."

    In short, the powerful PCR wave returns precisely toward the
    external source, passing through the electron shells and arriving in
    the perturbed barium ferrite magnet assembly field, where it
    perturbs the field.

    A transformer-like system then extracts this magnetic field
    perturbation and conducts it to the external load circuit.

    However, the PCR contains negative energy. Short of the load, the
    internal circuits run cool, rather than heating. This is a signature
    of a true vacuum energy-tapping device.

    Indeed, if the output leads of the Sweet vacuum triode are
    physically shorted together, a brilliant flash occurs, and the leads
    instantly ice as if dipped in liquid oxygen. This is another
    signature of the true negentropic over-unity vacuum tap.

    Note that the energy extracted from the semiconducting vacuum
    adjacent to the nucleus is just instantly replaced by the
    surrounding vacuum's inexhaustible energy pool. This is an open-loop
    system, with a hidden energy source: the intense virtual particle
    flux of the vacuum's ambient charge.

    It is not possible to exhaust that flux, which is often calculated
    to have an energy density of some 10^100 or more grams per cm^3, if
    the energy were cohered and condensed into mass.

    As can be seen, even a VT gain of 1.5 x 10^6 represents a "vacuum
    tap" of an incredibly small efficiency, on the order of 10^-100 or
    so. However, the vacuum "river" is so energetic that such
    efficiencies are quite sufficient.

    We accent that the barium ferrite magnetic material must be
    activated so that stable self-oscillation between the barium nucleus
    and the surrounding semiconductor vacuum exists. Although
    self-oscillating/self-pumped PCMs are known at optical frequencies,
    Sweet has discovered and perfected a brilliant methodology for
    activating PPCM nuclei at ELF frequencies.

    In a resistive load such as light bulbs, the resistive material
    accomplishes repetitive phase conjugation. Thus in the resistor,
    half the total energy is expressed as photon or dissipative energy
    in the external (electron shell) level.

    As the excited electrons decay, they emit scattered EM energy as
    light and heat. This is an exothermic interaction. The other half of
    the total energy reacts in the atomic nuclei, as a phase conjugative
    or endothermic interaction.

    We strongly accent that, Whittaker-wise, there are two
    electromagnetic channels and two kinds of EM:

    (1) external EM, the common electron-shell interacting, entropic,
    scattering, time-forward kind, and
    (2) the internal, unsuspected, hidden variable, nuclei interacting,
    negentropic, reordering/convergent kind.

    Internal EM travels strictly between atomic nuclei, normally not
    reacting with electron shells unless a pumped phase conjugate mirror
    reaction is invoked in the nucleus to produce a gain somewhat
    greater than unity.

    Thus if we wish to communicate with atomic nuclei directly, and
    engineer them directly, we must utilize the internal EM channel via
    applied Whittaker methods.

    *Antigravity Tests*

    Inherent in the preceding discussions is the possibility to turn EM
    energy into gravitational energy of either sign. In other words, one
    should be able to utilize Sweet's vacuum triode to produce and
    demonstrate antigravity.

    Indeed this is the case. Sweet has also discovered the special
    alterations necessary to perform straightforward transformation of
    the internal energy in the nucleus to antigravitational energy,
    producing a unilateral thrust upward.

    Note that the bulk of G-potential gradient (G-force-field) occurs
    Whittaker-wise at ELF frequencies. This explains why nonlinear phase
    conjugate opticians do not notice direct antigravity effects.

    At the optical frequencies at which they work, the effects are so
    miniscule that they are negligible. This is readily explained as
    follows: In QM, the quantum (photon) is comprised of action (angular
    momentum), not just energy. It is rather like a "piece of energy
    welded to a piece of time, with no seam in the middle."

    Since quantum change occurs in quanta, the decoupling of the energy
    and time components, in the continual interaction of photons with
    matter, exchanges energy between G-potential of vacuum and trapped
    mass of the atom or particle. In this exchange, small increments of
    time are continually being formed (and unformed, as photon emission
    occurs).

    Consequently, each mass is moving forward in time in small
    incremental jumps, usually of exceedingly small magnitude.  However,
    the energy and time trapped in a photon are canonical. The greater
    the piece of energy, the smaller the piece of time, and vice versa.

    So if one wishes to stress the "rate of flow of time" significantly,
    one needs to produce large amounts of photons that have very large
    pieces of time, and consequently little pieces of energy.

    Since the energy of the photon is directly proportional to its
    frequency, this means that the lower frequency photons have larger
    time increments, and hence endure over many "regular-sized photon
    absorption/emission changes" to appreciably stress the rate of time
    flow/production.

    The bottom line is that the standard pumped phase conjugate mirror
    can be adapted to produce antigravity at ELF frequencies, but
    precisely the same adaptation at optical frequencies will have
    negligible effect.

    With this in mind, the author requested Sweet to perform an
    antigravity experiment to prove the thesis. With Sweet's proprietary
    adaptation of his vacuum triode/PPCM, the experiment produced rather
    straightforward but spectacular results, as shown in Figure 5.

    The experiment was performed as follows: Rigged for antigravity, the
    6-lb device was placed on a scale so that its weight could be
    continuously monitored. A special external load box was utilized in
    which multiple electric light sockets were connected in parallel.

    Then the external load draw was adjusted by merely screwing in
    100-watt lamps, one at a time, with measurement and observation
    pauses in between. The output of the device was 120 volt, negative
    AC sine-wave power at 60 Hz.

    For each 100-watt increment, the load power was recorded and the
    weight was carefully recorded. The results are shown in the rather
    smooth, classic curve shown in Figure 5.

    At 1,000 watts load draw, the previously 6-lb device had reduced its
    weight due to gravity by 90 percent. At that point the signal-wave
    (grid) input to the open-loop vacuum triode was only 175.4 microamps
    at 10 volts, or just under two milliwatts.

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 5:  Antigravity Test of Sweet's Adapted Vacuum Triode.

    We accent that the nominal two milliwatt input is only a gating
    signal. It is the organized, gated vacuum energy that is performing
    the action.

    The experiment was stopped short of actual hovering and flying due
    to safety considerations. With the specific adaptation, magnetic
    monopoles are deposited in the magnet materials, producing internal
    tensile stress.

    Since no explosive controlled facilities were available, and there
    was no wish to destroy the VT, the experiment was terminated at 90%
    antigravity performance. It was completely successful, and
    adequately demonstrated the validity of the unified field theory
    concepts utilized in our approach.

    *Conclusions*

    A new unified field theory has been developed, tested, and at least
    partially verified experimentally. The concepts of the theory have
    been applied by Sweet in a series of inventions that produce readily
    usable, safe electromagnetic power directly from the vacuum.

    The methodology lends itself to formulation of power devices without
    moving parts. Antigravity, predicted by the concepts of the theory,
    has been demonstrated in actual practical demonstrations on the
    laboratory bench.

    Though not discussed in this paper, application of the concepts and
    methodology to a large variety of other fields, such as medical
    reversal of aging and curing of almost the entire range of present
    debilitating diseases, has been previously pointed out. [ref. 23]

    We have also pointed out the mechanism for Kaznacheyev's
    cytopathogenic effect, or the induction of cellular pathology at a
    distance by electromagnetic means. [ref. 24]

    We have also pointed out the specific mechanism involved in Priore's
    device, which in rigorous laboratory animal testing under the
    auspices of eminent French scientists, demonstrated nearly 100
    percent cures for terminal cancers and leukemias, sleeping sickness,
    artherosclerosis, and other debilitating diseases.[ref. 25]

    We believe we have also produced the concepts enabling the direct
    engineering and therapeutic manipulation of Popp's master cellular
    control system. [ref. 26]

    We conclude that the concepts we have utilized and experimentally
    demonstrated are universal, as implied by any notional unified field
    theory.

    Our conclusion is that the concepts, theory, and experiments, taken
    together, are sufficient for investigation and replication by the
    scientific community.

    If replicated and fully substantiated, we believe the work will
    directly point the way to, and usher in, a new unified field theory
    physics of universal application.

    *Speculated Implications*

    As can be seen, the implications of the new approach are profound.
    The authors believe they have ushered in the forerunner of a vast
    new physics, one which will change our lives, and our view of
    physical reality, in ways previously undreamed of.

    By mastering, controlling, and gating the vast, incredible energy of
    the seething vacuum, we can power our automobiles, flying machines,
    and technology inexhaustibly. Further, it can be done absolutely
    cleanly; there are no noxious chemical pollutants to poison the
    biosphere. With practical antigravity, ships can be developed to
    cross the solar system as readily as one crosses the ocean today.

    And the ships, automobiles, and technology will never run out of
    fuel; the inexhaustible vacuum fills every system, everywhere, to
    overflowing.

    Not discussed in this paper, it turns out that living systems, faced
    with the problem of achieving negentropy so as to maintain their
    form in a dissipative external physical reality, have always used
    the hidden internal channel for such things as mind, thought, cell
    control, and living functions.

    With the new methodology, one now faces the advent of access and
    engineering of the mind and life of the observer as readily as the
    observer's physical body.

    Transmutation of the elements, control of the weather, lighting and
    powering our cities and homes cheaply and cleanly, and provision of
    plenty for everyone is the vista for the future. We can in fact
    clean up the radioactive wastes, rid ourselves of coarse nuclear and
    petroleum powerplants.

    We strongly stress that, with the ability to engineer the
    Schroedinger equation itself, the new methodology allows the direct
    engineering and control of quantum change, and hence of physical
    reality itself.

    The methodology is extendable to hyperdimensions; nested virtual
    levels of the vacuum are already precisely that. The author has
    already pointed out the application of this emerging technology to
    the absolute cure of diseases such as AIDS, cancer, leukemia, etc.,
    and shown that the Priore device in France already proved the
    efficacy of the application in the 60s and 70s.

    We shall be able to rid ourselves and our descendents of diseases.
    With direct access to the actual software of life and mind, in the
    future we should be able to achieve levels of education previously
    unattainable, by directly inputting the relevant software.

    Previously we have also pointed out that four nations of the world
    are already embarked on weaponization of scalar EM unified field
    technology. It is sobering to think that, in addition to having the
    ability to make our planet a paradise for  humankind, we also will
    have the ability to make it a hades.

    For that reason, we are doing our best to clarify the technical
    concept and the theory in this 1991, hopefully with the view that
    humankind will seize upon the positive aspects, and develop and
    apply this technology for the betterment of all people everywhere.

    Long ago, Albert Einstein said these words: "It would of course be a
    great step forward if we succeeded in combining the gravitational
    field and the electromagnetic field into a single structure. Only so
    could the era in theoretical physics inaugurated by Faraday and
    Clerk Maxwell be brought to a satisfactory close."

    And Teilhard de Chardin wrote: "Someday, after we have mastered the
    winds, the waves, the tides and gravity, we shall harness for God
    the energies of love. Then for the second time in the history of the
    world man will have discovered fire."

    The authors fervently believe they have come upon fire for the
    second time, as allegorized by de Chardin. If so, let us all use the
    knowledge wisely.

    *References*

    [1] Maxwell's original quaternion EM theory is contained in some 200
    quaternion equations and differs extensively from the restricted
    Heaviside/Gibbs vector interpretation universally taught today as
    "Maxwell's Theory."  See James Clerk Maxwell, /A Treatise on
    Electricity and Magnetism/, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1873.
    The third edition is by Dover, 1954.

    [2] E.T. Whittaker, "On the Partial Differential Equations of
    Mathematical Physics," /Math. Ann./, Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355; "On
    an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field Due to Electrons by Means
    of Two Scalar Potential Functions," /Proc. Lond. Math. Soc/., Series
    2, Vol. 1, 1904, pp. 367-372. The first paper was in fact a detailed
    theory of the scalar standing potential wave that Nikola Tesla
    discovered four years earlier, on the night of July 3-4 1899, being
    radiated from thunderstorms, which he entered in his Colorado
    Springs Notebook on the morning of the 4th. More recently the
    Whittaker structure (WS) inside  potentials, including the
    Schroedinger potential, has been shown by V.K. Ignatovich, "The
    Remarkable Capabilities of Recursive Relations," /Am. J. Phys./,
    57(10), Oct. 1989, p. 873-878, without credit to Whittaker or to the
    presence of such structured scalar potentials in Maxwell's original
    quaternion EM theory. These WSs are universal to scalar potentials;
    e.g., for the same in acoustics, see Richard W. Ziolkowski,
    "Localized Transmission of Wave Energy," /Proc. SPIE/, Vol.1061,
    Microwave and Particle Beam Sources and Directed Energy Concepts,
    Jan. 1989, p. 396-397.

    [3] See Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic
    Potentials in the Quantum Theory," /Phys. Rev./, Second Series,
    115(3), Aug. 1, 1959, p. 458-491. This paper pointed out the primacy
    of the potentials. Instead of being causative agents, the force
    fields are actually effects generated from the potentials. This is
    in complete violation of both classical electromagnetics and
    classical dynamics, but it is absolutely required by quantum
    mechanics. For an extensive discussion of the Aharonov-Bohm effect
    and an extensive list of references, see S. Olariu and I. Iovitzu
    Popescu, "The Quantum Effects of Electromagnetic Fluxes," /Rev. Mod.
    Phys/. 57(2), Apr.1985. See Bertram Schwarzschild, "Currents in
    Normal-Metal Rings Exhibit Aharonov-Bohm Effect," /Physics Today/,
    39(1), Jan. 1986, p. 17-20 for confirmation that the Aharonov/Bohm
    effect has indeed been firmly proven experimentally.

    [4] It is pointed out that today all potentials are well known to be
    gravitational entities. However, this was not known in Whittaker's
    time, and so he himself did not realize that he had actually
    produced an engineerable, testable unified theory of
    electromagnetics and gravitation.

    [5] T.E. Bearden, "Possible Whittaker Unification of
    Electromagnetics, General Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics: Part
    I:  Background," Presented to Ala. Acad. Sci. Annual Symp., Univ.
    Jacksonville, Mar. 1991.

    [6]   For the theory of a pumped phase conjugate mirror, see David
    M. Pepper, "Nonlinear Optical Phase Conjugation," /Opt. Eng/.,
    21(2), Mar./Apr. 1982, p. 156-183; Amnon Yariv, /Optical
    Electronics/, 3rd Edn., Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1985.
    In a normal triode tube, the amplified plate signal is 180 degrees
    out of phase spatially with the grid input, but in-phase with it in
    respect to rate of flow through time. In a PPCM, the amplified phase
    conjugate replica wave is in phase spatially with the signal wave,
    but 180 degrees out of phase with it in respect to its rate of flow
    through time. It is pointed out that a PCM with a gain of unity
    produces a coupled EM wave/antiwave pair whose energy is additive in
    3-space but subtractive in the first derivative of the fourth
    dimension, time. Hence it is no longer an electromagnetic wave as
    such, but an oscillatory wave of stress upon the local rate of flow
    of time. Hence it is a powerful electrogravitational wave, whose EM
    nature is hidden in the guise of a scalar EM potential. It is also a
    wave of variation in the local gauge, and of variation in the local
    ST curvature.

    [7] See T.E. Bearden, /The Phase Conjugate Vacuum Triode/, Apr. 23,
    1987, privately published.  An earlier pencil draft was initially
    produced.

    [8] Sweet has continued to extend his theoretical treatment. A
    formal paper providing the complete mathematical theory of the
    vacuum triode has been drafted, is in final review, and will be
    submitted to a leading journal by mid-1991.

    [9] See Chapter 25: Outlook, "Possibility of Vacuum Engineering,"
    T.D. Lee, /Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory/,
    Harwood, New York, 1981, pp. 824-828.

    [10] In 1977 Ilya Prigogine received the Nobel Prize for extending
    thermodynamics; in particular, for the theory of dissipative
    structures in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In Prigogine systems,
    negentropy is known to be possible.

    [11] Robert G. Sachs, /The Physics of Time Reversal/, Univ. Chicago
    Press, Chicago, 1987.

    [12] Note that this moves the entire notion of the charge of a
    fundamental particle to a deeper and more extended level. Now the
    charge may be discretized, but it is not quantized in the hard
    conventional sense. Further, the internal Whittaker structure of the
    massless VPF photon exchange of vacuum and mass, which, quantum
    mechanically, is what the electrical charge of the particle is in
    the first place, is deterministically structured. Note that this
    violates the present assumption that all like charged particles are
    identical; now two electrons may have either the same or different
    magnitudes of charge, and even when the magnitudes are the same,
    their internal charge structures (Whittaker structures) and VPF
    exchange with the vacuum may differ. Also note that this resolves
    the severe QM problem of missing chaos (hidden order) in quantum
    change. The reason for the problem was the use of Gibbs statistics
    with its assumption of random variable change, which a priori
    excluded hidden order  (and hence chaos) from QM. That was only a
    special case, albeit an important one. There are now three QM cases:
    (1) the conventional case, where there is no hidden order; (2) the
    case where there is some hidden order, and the statistics is
    chaotic, not random; and (3) the case where the QM change is
    deterministic, with essentially total hidden order. Note that the
    Whittaker methodology allows one to directly engineer cases (2) and
    (3), including the Schroedinger equation itself.

    [13] The present second law of thermodynamics is written only for
    time-forward entities, and need not apply for the time-reversed
    case. Merely viewing the energy-dissipating forward time case in
    reverse allows an appreciation of the time-reversed case. In other
    words, the second law of thermodynamics is incomplete as presently
    stated. The complete law has a corollary to cover the increase in
    order as the time-reversal of the system increases. Thus the
    complete law consists of two parts: (1) the entropic, time-forward
    case, and (2) the negentropic time-reversed case. Since the
    re-ordering can be amplified at will by a PPCM process, the correct
    distinction between the two subsets of the complete law is
    important, and applies to real systems.

    [14] A.D. Sakharov, /Theor. Math. Phys/., Vol. 23, 1975, p. 435.

    [15] T.  E. Bearden, /Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics/, Tesla Book
    Co., 1991.

    [16] C.f. Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, and John Archibald
    Wheeler, /Gravitation/, W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1973,
    p. 1191.

    [17] E.g., see Richard Kidd, /et al/, "Evolution of the Modern
    Photon," /Am. J. Phys/., 57(1), Jan. 1989, pp. 27-35. See also R.
    Chen,  "Cancellation of Internal Forces," /Am. J. Phys./ 49(4), Apr.
    1981, p. 372.

    [18] A nonlinear material may simply emit a photon, or it may act as
    a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) and emit a phase conjugate replica of
    the absorbed photon. When the material emits a normal photon, it
    measurably recoils. When it emits a time-reversed photon, it does
    not recoil, as already experimentally established in nonlinear phase
    conjugate optics. The solution to the mystery is this: When emitting
    a normal photon, the material does not act as a PCM. In that case
    the matching antiphoton which split from the interacting graviton
    (the graviton that yielded the external photon) interacts with the
    nucleus, producing a recoil action with a gain of one. Thus
    Newtonian third-law recoil of the nucleus occurs. On the other hand,
    when the material acts as a PCM, it also emits the antiphoton
    outside the atom to "backtrack" the absorbed "signal wave" photon.
    In that case there is no Newtonian recoil of the nucleus, because
    the agent for causing recoil did not interact with the nucleus to
    produce it.

    [19] Richard E. Prange and Peter Strance, "The Semiconducting
    Vacuum," /Am. J. Phys./ 52(1), Jan. 1984, p. 19-21. Also, under
    nonlinear conditions, a particle can absorb more energy than is in
    the light incident on it, absorbing the energy from the vacuum VPF.
    Cf. Craig F. Bohren, "How Can a Particle Absorb More Than the Light
    Incident on It?"; /Am. J. Phys./ 51(4), Apr. 1983, p. 323-327.

    [20] Cf. Pepper, ibid. and Yariv, ibid. For a specific example, see
    Mary J. Miller, et al, /Appl. Phys. Lett./ 41(8), Oct. 15. 1982, p.
    689-691.

    [21] Again, for the theory of the PPCM, see Pepper, ibid., and
    Yariv, ibid.

    [22] E.g., see T.E. Bearden, /Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics/,
    Tesla Book Co., Chula Vista, CA, 1991, p. 33-36.

    [23] Bearden, /AIDS: Biological Warfare/, Tesla Book Co., 1988;
    /Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics/,  Tesla  Book  Co.,  1991;
    /Analysis of Scalar Electromagnetics/, Tesla Book Co., 1990.

    [24] Cf. Vlail P. Kaznacheyev and L.P. Mikhailova, /Ultraweak
    Radiations in Intercellular Interactions/, [in Russian],
    Novosibirsk, 1981; Vlail P. Kaznacheyev, "Electromagnetic
    Bioinformation in Intercellular Interactions," /Psi Research/, 1(1),
    Mar. 1982, p. 47-76;  N.D. Devyatkov, Ed., "Applications of 
    Low-Intensity Millimeter Wave Radiation in Biology and Medicine",
    [in  Russian], /IRE Akad. Nauk. SSSR/, Moscow, 1985.

    [25] Cf. Antoine Priore, "Method of Producing Radiations for
    Penetrating Living Cells," US Patent No. 3,280,816; Jean- Michel
    Graille, /Le Dossier Priore/, De Noel, Paris, 1984 [in French];
    Christopher Bird, "The Case of Antoine Priore and His Therapeutic
    Machine: A Scandal in the Politics of Science," Appx. I to Bearden,
    /AIDS: Biological Warfare/, 1988.

    [26] Cf. Fritz Albert Popp, "Photon  Storage  in Biological
    Systems," in  Fritz Albert Popp, /et al/, Eds., "Electromagnetic
    Bio-Information", /Proceedings of the Symposium/, Marburg, September
    5, 1977, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1979, p.123-149; also
    /Biophotonen: Ein neuer weg zur Losung des Krebsproblems/, Verlag
    fur Medizin, Heidelberg, 1976 [in German].

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Floyd Sweet's VTA Unit*

    by
    *Walt Rosenthal*

    (Excerpted from: /Space Energy Newsletter/ IV (1) March 13, 1993 ~
    PO Box 11422, Clearwater, FL 34616)

    The Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA) invented by Floyd Sweet consists
    of two ferrite magnets and two to four coreless wire coils. It is
    self-powered in the preferred configuration and produces in excess
    of one  KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ power in the form of energy that
    resembles electricity. This energy is referred to as negative
    energy. The VTA development history, its anti-gravity
    characteristics, negative energy properties, and some of the
    personalities involved are discussed.

    This is a story of Floyd Sweet's trials and tribulations involving a
    mystery wrapped in an enigma. God revealed to Floyd sufficient
    information to build a machine to provide energy that resembles
    electricity. However, God did not provide solutions to the
    frustrating string of problems that would surface in converting the
    idea into a working device. There are several people in this story
    that have provided help and some who have hindered.

    When Tom Bearden met Floyd, the device Floyd had developed was
    producing a few watts of alternating current at 28 volts. Tom saw in
    Floyd's device the physical embodiment of a principle he had
    theorized many years before. Tom had never designed  or constructed
    a physical device to access this elusive energy source.

    Tom's name for the extraction process is 'Four Wave Phase Conjugate
    Mixing'. The energy source is the intense non-cohered energy that is
    thought to be present everywhere in the universe. Various
    researchers through the years have given this energy different
    names, such as "Zero Point Energy", "Gravity Field Energy", "Radiant
    Energy", and others.

    Tom Bearden gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier"
    or VTA. The machine provides a small amount of its output fed back
    to the equivalent of a grid which gates or coheres a large amount of
    energy which appears at the device output terminal as something that
    resembles electricity! Negative Electricity.

    This energy can be utilized by devices designed to convert
    electricity to light, heat, or mechanical work or anything else for
    which normal electricity is used. The properties of this energy,
    although superficially resembling the 120 VRMS 60 HZ power we
    normally use, are unique and sufficiently different from
    conventional electricity, so that it should be classified as an
    entirely new energy form. It will require careful extended study by
    a wide range of people in order to document its properties in the
    manner scientists have done with conventional electricity.

    Tom Bearden refers to this energy as negative energy, and he states
    that negative time must be utilized. In negative time according to
    Bearden, gravity is a repulsive force.

    Floyd's experiments demonstrated that the VTA loses weight in
    proportion to the amount of generated "Negative Energy". This was
    carefully documented by Floyd on a kitchen scale. The machine weight
    was observed decreasing with increased load in a quite orderly
    fashion until a point was suddenly reached when Floyd heard an
    immense sound, as if he were at the center of a giant whirlwind but
    without actual air movement. The sound was heard by his wife Rose in
    another room of their apartment and was heard by others outside the
    apartment. The experience was very  frightening and the experiment
    has not been repeated.

    Some observers of the light emanating from ordinary 120 volt 100
    watt incandescent bulbs powered by the VTA claim the light is
    different, softer than normal incandescent light. The VTA magnets
    and coils when powering loads of over a kilowatt become cold and
    temperatures of 20 degrees F below ambient have been observed.
    Similar reports of below ambient temperature of energy machine
    components have been reported by other inventors, such as John
    Bedini and John R.R. Searl.

    When the VTA output wires had been accidentally shorted, first an
    extremely brilliant flash occurred. When the wires involved were
    examined shortly afterward, they were found covered with frost.
    Unfortunately this also caused the VTA magnet to fracture and the
    machine ceased operating. In one instance the machine operation
    ceased during a local earthquake. The physical shacking was not
    believed to be sufficiently severe to disrupt the machine
    magnet/coil relative placement or physical shock to the magnet such
    as a hammer blow might impart. The best speculation is that the
    machine was affected by the intense electromagnetic pulse known to
    originate from earthquakes.

    Conventional instruments used to measure volts, amps, or watts
    appear to correlate machine output as coupled to loads, but only up
    to approximately 1 KW; above that value they may indicate zero or
    some other value not related to the known actual load.

    Floyd's attempts to use conventional electrical design formulas
    relating number of coil turns, amp turns on drive coils, and any
    other parameter to predict observed outputs have all resulted in
    failures with calculations. Empirical formulas based on actual tests
    have been documented.

    Observation of machine output voltage of approximately 120 VRMS
    while the load was changed in 100 watt increments from 100 watts to
    1000 watts has shown no observable output voltage change, which
    suggests an extremely low internal equivalent impedance. The 20
    gauge magnet wire in the output coils consisting of several hundred
    turns has significant DC resistance which is not correlated with the
    unvarying output terminal voltage at different loads. It is
    speculated that this energy does not travel within the copper wire
    or its passage through the copper wire does not generate a voltage
    drop --- a most useful feature when transferring energy from one
    place to another.

    One frustrating aspect of the VTA has been its failures, evidenced
    by the output voltage slowly decaying to zero over a few seconds or
    minutes. There also have been spontaneous instances of the voltage
    rising above 120 VRMS as observed by the increased lamp load bank
    brightness. The volt meters, ammeter, and power meter did not
    correlate with the brightness change except when the machine would
    the fail to produce any power.

    Many times the VTA was normally left on powering a lamp load bank 24
    hours a day. During a period of time when it appeared to be
    functioning properly all day long, Floyd got up at 3:00 AM to go to
    the bathroom. As he walked past the room where the VTA was located,
    he noticed that the lights appeared dim. He measured the voltage at
    70 VRMS. Being tired at the moment, he returned to bed. The next
    morning when he rose, the voltage was back to the normal 120 VRMS
    and stayed there all day. The next night Floyd got up at 4:30 AM.
    The voltage was measured at 85 VRMS. Floyd returned to bed. The
    voltage was normal the entire next day.

    A possible clue to this anomaly has appeared in an article by E.W.
    Silvertooth titled 'Motion Through The Ether' where Silver tooth
    describes a dual path laser interferometer experiment that
    conclusively demonstrated the presence of an ether that flows
    through our portion of the universe at greater than the speed of
    light with its vector in the direction of the constellation Leo.
    Floyd's VTA may be orientation sensitive to this ether velocity vector.

    The VTA consists of two 4" X 6" X .5" grade 5 or grade 8 ferrite
    magnets spaced 3 inches apart in the attractive orientation, with
    the output and drive coils in between. The output coils are wound
    with 20 gage magnet wire. Their axis is parallel to the magnetic
    lines of force between the two magnets. The two drive (or
    excitation) coil axes are positioned at 90 degrees to the output
    coil axis. The VTA excitation coils may be driven by the VTA output
    voltage or a separate sinewave oscillator source.

    The "Secret" to the machine is the process that "conditions" the
    magnets. This conditioning process determines the output  frequency
    and also prepares the machine for operation. The same machine could
    be just as well "told" to output 50 HZ or 400  HZ. The conditioning
    technique is so novel, it is doubtful anyone would ever guess how it
    is done.

    Oscilloscope observation of the VTA output voltage waveform shows an
    apparently perfect sinewave that is not phase locked  to the local
    60 HZ powerline voltage.

    The VTA can be started by momentary connection of a 9-volt battery
    to the drive coils when the machine is operated in the self-powered
    mode. The operation is stopped by momentary interruption of power to
    the power coils.

    The VTA "likes" to always see a minimum load of 25 watts.

    Electrical shock to humans from the VTA may be more damaging than
    contact with a 120 VRMS 60 HZ conventional powerline voltage. Floyd
    has accidentally had VTA current pass from his  thumb to his
    smallest finger. It appears to freeze the flesh and was extremely
    painful for at least two weeks.

    The mechanism by which negative energy makes copper conductors cold
    but will also heat light bulb filaments is not understood. Tom
    Bearden has coined the term "Gravito-Striction" for this process and
    has described how he believes it works.

    On the human side of the VTA development, some incidents are worth
    telling. Two people from Australia, who claimed they wanted to help
    Floyd, stole his notebook and promptly asked John Bedini for help in
    replicating the VTA based on the notebook contents. John recognized
    the notebook as belonging to Floyd and promptly asked them to leave.
    However, the notebook was never recovered.

    Floyd has received many death threats over the phone, and some
    threats face to face. A well dressed gentleman in an expensive suit,
    tie, hat, and hundred dollar shoes approached Floyd on the sidewalk
    of the street where he lives and introduced himself as Cecil Brown.
    He showed him a picture of Floyd inside his apartment. Cecil then
    told him that he represented a conglomerate that did not want
    Floyd's device to appear in the world at this time. He further
    stated that sometimes unfortunate things happen to people who do not
    comply with the wishes of others. He then retrieved the picture and
    departed. Incidences like this do impart significant concern in
    Floyd's mind!

    One real unsung hero of the human side of this story is Al Margolin,
    who for many years has provided test equipment,  fabrication help,
    and transportation for Floyd and Rose whenever needed, and it was
    needed many times.

    Floyd's long time friend and former employer Bill Lawry has provided
    living and project expenses and fabrication help when needed.

    The reliable conditioning of the magnets in a manner that assures
    long time operation is the Achilles heel of this device. With the
    help of enough of the right people this device may change our world
    and open a new field of physics! This adventure of course is an on
    going and the final goal of powering the world with the VTA is still
    a long ways off.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *VTA Notes*

    by
    *Don Watson, et al.*

    *Floyd Sweet: Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA)*

    According to Floyd Sweet, who is now deceased, God "revealed"
    information to him about how to create a device that would provide
    energy "that resembles electricity." (1) Although Sweet may have
    claimed divine inspiration, don't let your skepticism deter you from
    reading on -- the end result is worth a good deal of consideration.

    "The virtual vacuum is the primordial powerhouse of everything in
    the universe." Floyd Sweet

    The Vacuum Triode Amplifier, the result of Sweet's hard work, is
    claimed to produce an overunity effect due to its interaction with
    the vacuum of space. Sweet declared that "the virtual vacuum is far
    from empty, far from nothing, it is rather seething with potential
    energy as the primordial powerhouse of everything in the universe."
    (2) This energy is referred to by Sweet's compatriot, free thinker
    and nuclear engineer Thomas Bearden, as negative energy. It was
    Bearden who gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier"
    or VTA. Tom saw in Floyd's invention the physical embodiment of a
    principle he had theorized many years before, but Bearden himself
    had never designed or constructed a physical device to access this
    elusive energy force. Upon meeting Sweet and examining the VTA,
    Thomas Bearden recognized what he calls "Four Wave Phase Conjugate
    Mixing," a type of energy extraction that taps what he, too,
    believes to be a universal, ever-present source of energy. Whether
    called "zero-point energy," "gravity field energy," or "radiant
    energy," its availability for conversion of electricity into heat,
    light, or mechanical work makes it a new form of energy worthy of
    extensive research. Bearden thinks it is negative energy, whose
    acquisition requires negative time. This means that if gravity were
    similarly utilized, it would be construed as a repelling force.

    In its physical form, the VTA consists of two magnets whose
    attractive sides are held about 3 inches apart by 2 to 4 coreless
    wire output and drive coils. The device is self-powered but can be
    started by connecting a 9-volt battery to the drive coils. One of
    the reasons that the Sweet vacuum unit falls into the free energy
    category is because it pertains to the wider technological domain
    that includes the prior research of other inventors such as Paul
    Baumann, of the Swiss commune, Methernitha, and Hans Coler (Germany
    1942). (See AEI website for more info.)

    The success of these three inventors' devices can be attributed to
    the work of Franz Kalusa and Oskar Kline in the first few decades of
    the twentieth century. By using "twin bifilar wound coils over
    permanent magnets," it is believed that the Sweet VTA, Swiss M-L
    converters, and Coler Magnetstromapparat utilize the same principle
    to acquire free energy. The coils are thought to cancel out the
    magnetic field that "the normal, excited EMF flow" causes. This
    allows the magnetism from the stack of permanent magnets to be
    directed into the 5th and 6th dimensions, which are "' curled up'
    within the other four dimensions," according to Kalusa. The magnets
    are then allowed to freely tap the space energy in those dimensions
    while the coil continues to distract the normal magnetic field, so
    to speak. The Sweet VTA is slightly different than the other two
    devices, in that "it uses special conditioned or activated permanent
    magnet material." It is therefore considered a "Stand alone device."
    This conditioning of the magnets is considered "the secret to the
    machine," since it could "be just as well 'told' to output 50 HZ or
    400 HZ." When the theory behind the source of free energy that runs
    these three devices was originally postulated, Einstein rejected it.
    Eventually he accepted the idea and allowed it to be published by
    the Prussian Science Academy.

    Floyd's homespun experiments with the Vacuum Triode Amplifier
    apparently tapped some very interesting forces. During one test in
    his apartment, the VTA actually weighed less and less the more that
    was applied to the load. In other words, the more "negative energy"
    generated, the more anti-gravity observed. At a certain point, a
    frighteningly loud sound jolted the inventor, and that particular
    experiment was forever retired.

    A recurring theme in other experiments is a decrease in temperature
    of the Sweet VTA. Sometimes the magnets and coils measure as much as
    20F below air temperature when the device is powering loads of over
    one kilowatt. Once when the wiring was accidentally shorted, a
    "brilliant flash" appeared and frost was observed on the wires.
    Sweet was even electrocuted by his device once, which appeared to
    freeze the skin through which the current passed, and he believes
    that it was more damaging than a shock from conventional voltage in
    a power line would be. Bearden calls the simultaneous cooling of the
    device and heating of what it powers "Gravito Striction." Similar
    reports of energy machine components that exhibit below-ambient
    temperatures have been observed by other inventors, such as John
    Bedini and John R.R. Searl. A theory that could explain this effect
    has been postulated by Victor Schauberger, Walter Russell, and other
    researchers. They think "nature uses two types of 'spin,' one
    clockwise, the other counterclockwise. The clockwise spin is a
    concentrating effect which generates Heat as a byproduct and is used
    in all modern power generation and utilization. The counterclockwise
    spin is an expanding effect associated with cold and the attempt of
    nature to regain the unity that prevails when force of any type
    (Aether, magnetic, light, electric, gravitic, etc.) is not
    polarized. In fact, the very existence of electricity, magnetism,
    gravity, heat, light, etc. is not possible unless the Aether is thus
    polarized to create the interferences necessary to provide potential
    differences."

    Other oddities of the VTA's performance have been reported. The
    device is known to have stopped working one day after an earthquake.
    Though it was not substantial enough to disrupt the VTA's set-up, it
    is believed that the earthquake's accompanying electromagnetic pulse
    interfered with the machine. Also, when Sweet left his device on for
    24 hours a day, he noticed that at night there was less voltage
    measured and the lights it powered were dim, while in the daytime
    there was more voltage and the lights were bright. Obviously, there
    is still a lot to learn about this new source of energy.

    Sweet's VTA unit is listed as an overunity device in the database of
    the Institute for New Energy (INE). The unit was tested by Tom
    Bearden on April 30, 1987, in front of multiple witnesses, and its
    most recent demonstration occurred in the 1990s (3). According to
    its own guidelines, INE rates the invention at the highest interest
    level, with the potential for "new physics and great impact." INE
    also believes that "the device seems to be scalable to a larger
    size." INE ranks the commercial aspects of Floyd Sweet's VTA unit as
    very high since "the operation techniques and measurements are being
    refined." Bearden vouches for the validity of his colleague's
    invention, which can produce 500 watts of electricity with only a
    330-microwatt input (4).

    Like many other inventors, Floyd Sweet ran into problems with
    threats and theft. Two Australians once offered their help to Sweet
    and then stole his work notebook. Upon asking John Bedini for help
    in understanding the notebook's contents in order to replicate the
    device, Bedini noticed it was Sweet's property and refused to
    cooperate. Sweet never recovered the notebook. The inventor also
    received death threats, over the phone and face to face. Reportedly,
    a well-dressed man wearing a very expensive suit and shoes
    approached Floyd on the street he lived on. He introduced himself as
    Cecil Brown, showed him a picture of Sweet inside his apartment, and
    said that he represented people who did not want Sweet's invention
    to be revealed to the public. The man then said "that sometimes
    unfortunate things happen to people who do not comply with the
    wishes of others," and walked away.

    The VTA is not without problems. Although it is capable of producing
    "in excess of one KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ power," the latest VTA
    prototype "has not shown the ability to continue operation for
    extended periods of time." It is thought that electrical
    disturbances outside the device are responsible for disrupting the
    internal resonance. The device often fails altogether to produce a
    steady output, as it is common for the voltage to drop to zero
    within only seconds or minutes. It is not yet known how or if this
    problem can be solved.

    Another challenge is that conventional electrical design and
    instrumentation does not seem to be compatible with the VTA. Floyd
    tried to apply conventional design formulas in order to figure out
    how many coil turns and amp turns should be made to achieve
    desirable outputs. To his dismay, this method "resulted in
    calculation inconsistencies." When it came to using conventional
    instrumentation to measure watts, volts, or amps, it would not work
    properly over 1 kW; instead, it would "indicate zero or some other
    value not related to the known actual load." For instance, when the
    VTA's voltage surpassed 120 VRMS, indicated by the increased
    brightness of a lamp load, the ammeter, voltmeters, and power meter
    did not correlate with the change in brightness. These mysteries
    still plague the work of present researchers and scientists who are
    trying to further understand Sweet's device. The fact that they "are
    not quite sure why Sparky presents such flaws in his data releases"
    indicates either the difficulties Sweet ran into or the changing,
    unpredictable nature of the device's functioning (5). The
    painstaking process of duplicating the VTA's overunity effect
    coupled with the fact that "reliable conditioning of the magnets in
    a manner that assures long time operation is the Achilles heel of
    this device" mean that "we must await further troubleshooting and
    development of this unique Sweet VTA technology." Let's hope that it
    happens sooner than later.

    *Does Sweet's Work Explain Searl's Device?*

    Floyd Sweet claims to have obtained over unity electrical energy
    effects by applying a special magnetization process to some ferrite
    magnets. His setup consisted of one or more specially conditioned
    magnets and at least 2 coils. The magnets are fixed (stationary).
    One coil was used to excite or begin the oscillations of the magnets
    with a small AC field. The other coil(s) were used to "pick up" the
    magnet's large magnetic oscillations. (Clearly a non-linear effect
    occurs here for the excitation AC magnetic field is small compared
    to the output.)

    See, for example, Alan Dubla's web pages and this article for a more
    detailed description of Floyd Sweet's devices.

    I have also investigated Prof. John Searl
    <http://rexresearch.com/searl/searl2.htm>'s magnetic
    motor/generator. After spending a couple of years volunteering my
    time with D.I.S.C. Inc. USA to help Prof. Searl reproduce his device
    according to his explanations and instructions, I have not been able
    to figure out by what physical bases Prof. Searl claims his devices
    worked. (Note: I have not worked directly with Prof. Searl. However,
    the group working here in the USA was in direct and frequent contact
    with Prof. Searl.) He has developed a construction method which he
    calls "The Laws of Squares" which, in my opinion, is so far removed
    from the language of physics and engineering that one is left
    completely in the dark as to the cause of the motion in his devices.
    We are therefore free to think up our own methods and explanations
    for constructing a device in which magnets are "self-propelled".

    Here is a rough illustration [Not included here] of Searl's setup.
    For more detail on Searl's devices see the info at this web site or
    just search the web.

    What is most interesting for the following comparison is the
    similarity (but not perfect match) between Sweet's method of
    conditioning the magnets and Searl's magnetization process. In both
    cases, an AC field is applied to the material. (There is more
    detail, of course, to both Sweet's and Searl's magnetization
    process. I am only pointing out the most obvious similarity here.)

    So, is there a way to use Sweet's effect to produce a Searl-like
    magnetic motor?

    Consider "large" but "slow" magnetization vector oscillations
    cohered (in sync) to produce traveling waves. It would then be
    possible for the wave to "pull" (or "push") a disk magnet along with
    it. This is illustrated in the next figure [Not included here] in
    which a disk magnet (red) moves along a magnetization vector
    oscillation traveling wave.

    If such waves can be created around a cylinder (or ring) then it
    might be possible to move the stacks of disks around this center
    cylinder.

    In Sweet's work, a small AC excitation is needed to begin the larger
    magnetization oscillations. Applying this concept to the Searl-like
    arrangement, the disks rolling around the center cylinder would be
    "seen" by the center cylinder as small "excitation" magnetic
    oscillations.

    Searl says that his first devices needed to be "started". That is,
    the stack of disk magnets need an external source to start them
    rolling. This could have excited large magnitude oscillations in the
    center cylinder in a similar way that Sweet's small excitations
    started the large magnetization oscillations in his magnets.

    One problem that I see with this arrangement is that I would not
    expect the wave length to be so large that the disks fit between
    wave crests. I would expect the wave length on the center cylinder
    to be much smaller. Then it is doubtful that the disks would be
    carried along.

    This may be why Searl claims that both the center cylinder
    (actually, its a ring in Searl's set-up) and the disks need to be
    specially magnetized (conditioned). The result may be another
    magnetization wave around the disks. These waves in the disks
    coupled with the wave in the center cylinder may be like two gears
    in which their teeth mesh. (Searl says that the frequency used to
    magnetize the disks is not to be the same as that used for the
    center ring. So it is not clear whether or not this "gear" analogy
    is appropriate.)

    In a static condition (that is, considering the center cylinder
    alone with no disks around it) The magnetization vector wave might
    "stop" (might not be traveling around the cylinder) but it might
    retain its alternating "pattern" around the periphery of the
    cylinder. This might be the origin of the "pattern" that Prof. Searl
    claims is measured around his center ring.

    Both Sweet and Searl claim that once the oscillation started and
    they extracted energy from their devices the magnets would become
    very cold.

    I have read that in ferromagnets, the magnetization vectors of the
    material are constantly oscillating. But the oscillations are
    chaotic/random. Sweet may have found a way to cohere or "order"
    these oscillations with a non-linear oscillating result. And Searl
    (independent of Sweet) might be using these oscillations to "carry"
    the stacks of disk magnets around the center cylinder.

    It is claimed that another researcher by the name of Hans Coler was
    also able to induce "large" oscillations in ferromagnets. I don't
    think there was any kind of special "magnetization" process
    involved, but I could be wrong.

    As far as I can determine, "large" scale coherence of magnetic
    oscillations is not known to exist in "large" magnets. (But then
    neither are the over unity effects produced by Sweet, Searl and Coler!)

    On the other hand, "small" coherent oscillations are know to exist
    in magnetic material.

    If you want to read up on magnetic oscillations, take a look at the
    following books.

    /Magnetization Oscillations and Waves/, by A.G. Gurevich and G.A.
    Melkov, CRC Press, 1996
    /Theory of Magnetostatic Waves/, by D.D. Stancil, Springer-Verlag, 1993
    /Magnetostatic Waves and Their Application/, by P. Kabos and V.S.
    Stalmachov, Chapman & Hall, 1994

    These books mention the use of a DC magnetic "bias" field together
    with an AC magnetic field being applied to the magnetic material
    sample to induce various kinds of oscillations. This technique is
    called "parallel pumping". It is clear, to me, that AC magnetization
    techniques have been applied to small sample magnetic material now
    for many years. But the science folks don't seem to have applied
    such techniques on the "large scale" as have Sweet and Searl.

    *~~~~~*

    *Magnetic Bubbles*

    A fellow handed out a paper at the '94 INE Conference, which was
    sent to me (Alan Dubla), that had references to the Sweet VTA. It
    talked about creating a magnetic bubble and extracting energy out of
    it using methods similar to those described in articles written on
    Sweet's VTA. I was able to recreate a magnetic bubble, in small
    round BaFe magnets. I have had no success extracting energy out of
    it yet, but it is rather interesting and worth studying for a while.

    When the bubble is created and stable, the magnet has a very weak
    field. In the picture bellow, I have 8 1.25 inch diameter ring
    magnets lined up in two rows of four each. There is a strip of
    magnetic viewing paper laid across each of the rows. This paper will
    show the Bloc wall as a light green band. The Bloc wall, in easy to
    explain terms, is where the north and south pole meet in a magnet.
    On one side of the wall you have the north pole and on the other
    side you have the south pole. Looking at the magnets from right to
    left, top to bottom, you will notice that each magnet has a light
    green circular band over it, as seen with the viewing paper. The
    number above each magnet represents the number of joules it took to
    alter the original magnetic field to form the new, modified magnetic
    field. As the joules increase, the bubble shifts position from the
    outside of the magnet towards the middle. As the joules increase
    even more, the bubble starts moving towards the center. When that
    happens the original orientation of the magnetic field will be
    flipped 180 degrees. The bubble is created in the magnet as a result
    of partial demagnetization. By doing this, I am moving the Bloc wall
    and magnetic poles 90 degrees from their original position. After
    the field is modified, the north pole is now orientated towards the
    center of the magnet, and the south pole is along the outer edge of
    the magnet.  When the band is centered between the outer
    circumference and the inner, the magnet is at its weakest point and
    the poles flip very easily. Running a 60 Hz AC signal running
    through a small electromagnet at a 90 degree angle to the magnet
    face makes the poles flip-flop, and the magnetic bubble expands and
    contracts, back and forth.

    *Magnetizer*

    To create the magnetic bubbles, you need some high power magnetizing
    equipment. In the picture I have a box housing 8000 uf worth of
    caps, a giant resistor to slow current draw, and a 600 amp SCR for
    switching. The power supply is an old HP 300 VDC.

    The caps charge up, and with the push of a button the caps are
    discharged through a 1 ohm coil with the magnet in the middle. The
    small coil in the picture is what I used to make the magnetic
    bubbles. The big coil is designed for the 4X6 magnets, but more
    power is required. The amount of joules discharged is variable. The
    small BaFe magnets require around 205 joules to create the
    neutral/centered magnetic bubble.

    *~~~~~*

    /From:/ *Jerry Decker (Keelynet) ~ */Date:/ Sat, 29 Jul 2000 (07:55:22)

    *Gunderson & Sweet VTA*

    In a refreshing turn of events, however, a correspondent named
    Graham Gunderson recently Emailed me a very interesting defense of
    Bearden's view that EM waves can be longitudinal and still carry a
    polarization sense.

    And, relevant to outphased waves, Gunderson takes issue with another
    argument-- the one that asserts that self-cancelling coils "do
    nothing".

    He says they do indeed "do something", and describes some of his
    experimentation along these lines. This is what I like to see--
    calm, rational explanation and some experiments to back it up.

    With Gunderson's email posted at:
    http://www.tricountyi.net/~randerse/graham.htm

    and it does have a section about vibrating neodymium magnets...

    *~~~~~*

    From: Graham Gunderson ~ To: [email protected] ~ Sent: Saturday,
    29 July 2000 8:49 AM

    *A Way to Program Magnets*

    I have spoken with a fellow who had hired Don Watson several years
    ago to replicate the Sweet device; allegedly Watson was able to get
    about 3 watts from one model. The deal however went sour somehow,
    and work was not continued.

    Sweet, too, had a beginning model that output 6 watts until he did
    something *more* to excite the living you-know-what out of the
    barium nuclei - only after that was the phenomenal power gain (and
    500 watt nominal output) available to use (for a while - until it
    inevitably sputtered out).

    Watson is correct in mentioning one way to excite barium nuclei in a
    magnet. It is a weak method however, and does not cause much action
    (at least as I have done it)

    One experiment I tried on this angle some time ago, caused some odd
    effects.

    I had a 4x6x1" barium ferrite slab sitting on top of a large
    tupperware (polypropylene) container, about 2 feet off the floor.
    The slab was magnetized and its attraction held a steel alligator
    clip onto it, in electrical contact. The other end of the alligator
    clip wire (about 2 feet long) connected to one terminal of a neon
    sign transformer.

    The neon xfmr is rated 15 kV, center tapped, so each output
    represents about a 7.5 kV RMS AC signal, the two outputs being out
    of phase of course. The other end of the xfmr output was left open.
    Only one end was used. The transformer's case (center tap) was
    grounded.

    So the magnet sitting on the plastic container was oscillated with
    about 7.5 kVRMS at 60 Hz.

    I was living with a roommate at the time who came near the thing and
    didn't know it was "on". Glad he didn't touch it.

    He was curious what it was and said when he put his head near the
    magnet to have a look, it built up a "pressure" behind his forehead,
    which caused him a curious headache afterward.

    After I heard this I went down to the basement where it was and did
    the same thing, putting my head within about 2 feet of the magnet.
    It began to hurt in a way, it was a kind of pain from the thing that
    I remember feeling. It caused in me a persistent headache as well,
    and also a shift in mood, I became very "spacey" and somewhat disturbed

    This also seemed to make both me and my roommate prone to violence,
    we both began to get irritated at trivial things and ended up in a
    brief fist fight. This was very out of character for both of us. My
    (now ex) roommate still says I should do more with my "electric
    brainwhacker".

    The magnet, after a while of this treatment, does develop a *slight*
    and mellow buzz, as I am used to feeling it. However I doubt it
    would be immediately perceptible to the unaccustomed observer. It is
    a small thing. And it will not create magnetic bubbles, so far as I
    know.

    The excitation does decay rapidly, and usually will not hold for
    more than a period of ten minutes. It begins to decay immediately
    after excitation is removed, and the rate of decay appears to be
    exponential.

    This is in sharp contrast to other things I have done, in which the
    vibrations are stronger and fully perceptible to unaccustomed
    observers. The decay rate is not exponential, but seems to follow a
    curve similar to the run down of an alkaline cell - it holds for a
    while, then tapers off at a faster rate. And it can happen over
    days, not minutes. Also it travels, I have been able to take
    energized magnets on a 300 mile road trip with no acceleration in
    decay. There has been mention, for intance, of the Testatika's
    inability to continue power output when moved. (To me --- as good ol
    Einstein would have put it --- a "clew".)

    So it appears that there are various modes of BaFe excitation, and
    that they have distinct effects, as evidenced, in part, by the
    different curves of excitation-decay. For starters though, HV
    excitation will show you a bit of something... but no promises, if
    you don't think you see any effects :)

    Graham

    *~~~~*

    (From: Luc Corriveau ~ To: [email protected] ~ Sent: Tuesday, July
    25, 2000 1:39 AM)

    http://216.60.190.54/comm697.htm

    *Sweet VTA, ISNE & Miscellany (6/15/97)*

    In fact, Don Watson said the magnet to be programmed was to be
    excited between two plates that were charged
    with at least 20KV (DC or AC). This would cause a 'ringing' in the
    barium which would last for upwards
    of 15 minutes.

    During that time, the magnet could be subjected to a sharp pulse at
    roughly 260 degrees of a 60 cps
    sinewave. He said this was based on his own experiments and seemed
    to get the best results.

    Why would I believe Don Watson? Because he showed me two magnets,
    both 4" X 6" by 1/2" thick. One was
    'programmed', the other was not.

    Using a piece of magnetic field line viewing plastic to view the
    unprogrammed magnet, I could clearly see the south pole on one face
    and the north pole on the other face, separated at the middle of the
    1/2" magnet width by the Bloch wall.

    However, in the programmed magnet, the south pole did not stop at
    the midpoint, but wrapped up onto the face
    of the north pole section, extending inward from the edge by about
    1/4". That is where the Bloch wall HAD MOVED.

    It was like altering the duty cycle of a square wave, where a normal
    magnet would be analogous to a North/South relationship of 50:50,
    the programmed magnet was something like 30:70. Quite amazing!

    Additionally, there was a bubble within the top North pole face,
    looking much like an air bubble in water covered by plastic. And
    when you put another magnet near this bubble, IT MOVED away, just
    like pressing on a sheet of plastic to move the captive air bubble.

    Don said the programming did not always take, but that you could
    just do it again, using the same magnet until it did. Also that some
    magnets were imperfect, having internal fractures not visible
    without using the magnetic viewing plastic.

    The slabs were also sensitive to shock or outside stimulus which
    would kill the programmed effect and necessitate the magnet being
    reprogrammed.

    Luco

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Diagrams, Photographs & Video*

    *Ashley Gray's Diagrams:*

    *Post-Conditioner:*

    *Conditioning:*

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Video: VTA Demonstration with Lamps
    <http://rexresearch.com/sweet/vtavideo.mpg>*

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *KeelyNet --- 7-13-97*

    *A Possible Source to the VTA*

    *By Jerry Decker*

    During the year of 1993, I received a call from a fellow by the name
    of Donny Watson. He lived in Lancaster and had called to talk about
    various free energy devices, particularly Floyd Sweet’s VTA (Vacuum
    Triode Amplifier).

    Donny claimed he had made a device that was producing anomalous
    amounts of energy, not large quantities, but definitely overunity.
    This particular unit was a rotary mechanical unit that as I recall
    was based on collecting back emf. I of course asked to see the
    device, but Donny was reticent.

    We met for lunch and on several other occasions, becoming friends in
    the process. Though I never saw any machines, I did see Donny’s work
    area and he had a lot o parts and some equipment, but out of all the
    time I knew him, he showed me nothing.

    After several months of periodic discussion and meetings, we had a
    falling out and I did not hear from Dony again.

    At the ISNE conference in Denver, I was surprised to hear that a
    Donny Watson would be speaking on the Sweet VTA and his work to
    duplicate it. Turns out it was the same Donny Watson, we became
    reacquainted and ended up drinking beer late into the night,
    swapping all kinds of goodies.

    During the course o the conference, Donny showed me two magnets,
    they were both BaFe (barium ferrite) 4" x 6" x 1/2" thick. One was
    "programmed", the other was not.

    Using a piece of magnetic viewing plastic to view the unprogrammed
    magnet, I could clearly see the south pole on one face, separated at
    the middle of the ½ inch magnet width by the Bloch wall.

    However, in the programmed magnet, the south pole did not stop at
    the midpoint, but wrapped up onto the face of the north pole
    section, extending inward from the edge by about 1/4". That is where
    the Bloch wall had moved!

    It was like altering the duty cycle of a square wave, where a normal
    magnet would be analogous to a S-N relationship of 50:50, the
    programmed magnet was now something like 70:30. Quite amazing!

    Additionally, there was a bubble within the top N pole face, looking
    much like an air bubble in water covered by plastic. When you put
    another magnet near the bubble, it moved away, just like pressing on
    a sheet of plastic to move the captive air bubble.

    Donny said the programming did not always take, but that you could
    just do it again, using the same magnet until it did. Also that some
    magnets were imperfect, having internal fractures not visible
    without using the magnetic viewing plastic.

    The slabs were also sensitive to shock or outside stimulus which
    would kill the programmed effect and necessitate the magnet being
    reprogrammed.

    Although I’ve never seen any working models of the Sweet device from
    anyone, this observation of the magnets was the closest I’ve come,
    so Don Watson has my vote of confidence at this point and he is to
    be commended for figuring out how to produce the effect but also for
    sharing this information for other researchers…

    *New Insights ~*

    The reason I have written this short paper is because in the last
    few days, I’ve been thinking a lot about the VTA and it struck me
    what must be going on in the programmed slab magnet.

    The only way you could have a bubble inside of the N face is if that
    bubble was of a different polarity, i.e., S, with the bubble edge
    being another Bloch wall.

    You must have a difference to be able to measure anything,
    homogeneity means harmony, no polarity and equates to zero, though
    there appears to always be minor fluctuations since nothing is ever
    truly in balance.

    I always thought the trick of the VTA was to cause the Bloch wall to
    vibrate in the presence of a coil of wire. Anytime you have a change
    of magnetic polarity near a conductor, you have an induced current,
    when that polarity changes, the current changes and in effect, pumps
    the energy out.

    Since this artificially created S pole in te form of a moving bubble
    floating on the N pole face can easily move, it can easily be made
    to vibrate, possibly over a contained area.

    If you place a coil of wire around the bubble, creating a
    constrained area, you could push the bubble back and forth in a
    controlled fashion with very small magnetic impulses.

    Now, if you could place another coil of wire, in such a way that the
    bubble edge moves back and forth across this coil, then you will
    induce a changing current that can be extracted.

    If the coil tapping the energy is bifilar, it would not suffer
    magnetic repulsions due to back emf. If under load, it would work
    like a homopolar generator, where the dissipation of produced power
    for any size load would not increase the energy needed to drive the
    motor driving the generator.

    Another key point, I think, is that the bubble must be tuned to the
    frequency at which it will be driven, say 60 Hz, to get the greatest
    Q (coupling of energy).

    Resonance is thus necessary to be able to tap the extra energy. Much
    like tapping a swing at precisely the right moment, with precisely
    enough energy to overcome internal resistances, eventually the
    inertia of the mass (or energy) will reach a point where other
    forces can e added and tapped.

    Alan Dubla has recently put up a new site dedicated to the Sweet
    VTA. Alan has achieved what appears to be the same magnetic bubble
    that Don did.

    In closing, there is one other point I’d like to make; when I asked
    Donny about the programming of the magnet with the 60 Hz wave, he
    said it could be any frequency. Don also said that once a magnet was
    programmed, you could touch a scope probe to the magnet and you
    would see a very weak 60 Hz wave on the screen.

    I asked if this could be simply picking up background 60 Hz from the
    wall wiring and Don insisted it was not. I did not see this test
    since we were at the conference and he was just describing it.
    Perhaps he had programmed in another frequency and could see that on
    the scope, maybe even put the magnet and scope in a Faraday cage.
    Lots of room for experiment here…

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Letter: Tom Bearden to Dr Jon Noring*

    February 28, 1992

    Tom Bearden
    2311 Big Cove Road
    Huntsville, AL 35801

    Dr. Jon Noring
    1312 Carlton Place
    Livermore, CA 94550

    Dear Jon:

    Thanks for sending along the extract of comments on the papers.
    Perhaps I can add a thing or two that will shed a little more light
    on some of this. First, let's settle the matter of whether this is a
    scam by persons after money. It isn't. There are no stock plans.
    Nobody wants any "investment." No one would accept it if it were
    offered. The inventor presently has a sufficient small income for
    his small needs. I work every day as a senior engineer, and support
    myself adequately in that fashion. I'm also retired from the U.S.
    Army with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Also, it is certainly
    quite true that the burden of proof is fully upon Sweet and me. That
    proof can only be achieved by independent test and certification by
    agencies and scientists of impeccable credentials and with no formal
    connection to the project. Until that is done, we totally accept
    that what we have said will not be believed, and should not be
    believed. I will say this: I have absolutely no control of the
    invention, and absolutely no say in its direction. It is totally
    Sweet's invention.

    If I had had my own fervent wish, formal submission for independent
    testing and certification (or falsification) by the scientific
    community would have been accomplished in 1987. Let it also be noted
    that an inventor has agreements and/or (with other) parties
    involved; he is often not legally free to do exactly as he might
    wish. The best we can presently ask is that the readers keep an open
    but highly skeptical mind, until such independent certification is
    forthcoming. If it isn't forthcoming, then trash the whole thing in
    file 13.

    To try to address the gist of many of the other comments, let me
    point out that we are referring to two key mathematical papers:
    Whittaker 1903 as cited, and Whittaker 1904 as cited. Let me urge
    all persons who commented on the lack of mathematics to please at
    least study those two papers intensely. Let me summarize what they
    actually show, rigorously.

    In the first paper, Whittaker shows that, completely at odds with
    the present scientific view, the electrostatic scalar potential has
    a totally unsuspected and highly organized bidirectional EM internal
    structure. It's actually composed of paired EM waves, each going in
    opposite directions (and in my view, one being the phase conjugate
    of the other). Further, the bidirectional pairs are phaselocked and
    in a harmonic sequence. So what the potential is actually composed
    of is a Fourier-type harmonic expansion, directly coupled with its
    time-reversed twin set, in a one-to-one ratio, with all the harmonic
    twin waves phase-locked.

    Normally, in electromagnetics one just gives a magnitude to the
    potential at each point and leaves it at that. However, Whittaker
    shows that the potential at a point actually encompasses a
    magnificent, hidden, highly organized flow of EM waves and energy
    into and out of that point. Although there may be no net EM
    forcefield at the point, the "hidden interior" energy flow through
    the point to and from the surrounding space is filled with EM forces
    and waves in dynamic motion.

    This leads to a real quandary in the assumed nature of a scalar
    potential, in my view: Instead of being a passive or simple scalar
    sort of thing that just has a convolution magnitude and sometimes an
    external gradient in that magnitude, it's a new kind of entity that
    is scalar externally, with gradients between adjacent external
    points, but at the same time it's totally dynamic, vectorial, and
    energetically organized "inside."

    "Further, it would seem to be in hidden hyperspatial EM
    communication with every other point in the universe, at least in
    the simple case. The basic thing, I think, is that Whittaker seems
    to delocalize the notion of the potential, extending it into
    hyperspace with respect to its internal EM energy flow. If someone
    on the net could put that into more precise language, I'd be very
    grateful.

    In my picture of it, as shown by Whittaker the seemingly quite
    placid scalar potential is an unsuspecting vector EM dynamo inside.
    In early 1987 I simply took the Whittaker picture of the potential's
    internal bidirectional EM waves seriously, and realized that these
    internal hidden EM waves didn't translate electrons in the electron
    shells of atoms, but instead penetrated to the nucleus directly.
    That meant that, in simply having a stress potential added to a
    material, one effectively had "pumping" EM waves connected directly
    to the atomic nuclei through hyperspace, bypassing the electron
    shells' usual Faraday shielding interaction.

    One can fairly readily build EM wave oppositions in proper harmonic,
    phase-locked Whittaker fashion, and so one can make and use an EM
    gradient-free potential construction entirely of bidirectional
    waves. This construction is such that :

    (1) a normal electron-wiggle detector instrument doesn't even "see" it,

    (2) the internal wave EM reaches directly to the nucleus and affects
    it and

    (3) it consists of EM "pump" waves in the nonlinear phase conjugate
    mirror sense.

    All that was needed then was to simply extract the standard pumped
    phase conjugate mirror equations from nonlinear optics and apply
    them to this "potentialized" or "Whittaker-pumped" nucleus of the
    atom. That mean that the nucleus should now be a pumped phase
    conjugate mirror. However, it still needs one small thing added.
    Sweet did one additional thing: he superposed a 60-Hz modulation on
    the envelope of the Whittaker bidirectional waveset.

    In other words, the external amplitude of the artificially
    constructed stress potential was oscillated at 60 Hz. [Note that the
    external amplitude of the potential is what is in our 3-space; the
    internal Whittaker EM biwaves are BEYOND 3-space. The nucleus is a
    hyperspatial or higher topological entity when the Whittaker
    structures of its potentials are taken into account.]

    Sweet personally discovered the activation procedure (which he still
    holds proprietary) for causing this 60-Hz oscillation to be taken up
    and self-sustained by the barium nucleus (we assume that it's the
    barium nucleus involved, because it won't work with any other kind
    of magnet except a barium ferrite magnet). Self- oscillation of
    barium compounds is well-known in the phase conjugate mirror optical
    literature. However, most of the papers I've been able to find on
    self-pumping mirrors have achieved the self-pumping only at optical
    frequencies.

    I've not been able to find anything else at ELF self- oscillation
    frequencies. I will say that, if Sweet's 6-lb unit is not in the
    self-oscillation (activated, or self-pumping) condition, you won't
    get a microwatt out of it, no matter what you do! If it's in the
    self-oscillation condition but at essentially "normal" nuclear
    potential, you will only get a few watts out, say, something like
    six watts.

    Sweet increased the nuclear potential and its 60-Hz oscillation,
    trapping it in the barium nucleus also as part of the activation,
    whereupon much greater electrical power is extractable from the
    device. He also worked out the device design so that its objective
    output voltage was 120 volts, for an input voltage of 10 volts (at
    33 microamps). This small 1/3 milliwatt 60 Hz input corresponds to
    the signal wave in PPCM theory.

    The entire device is, in my view, just a special self-pumped phase
    conjugate mirror, precisely like what is already in the standard
    literature, self-pumping and all. It's just self-pumped at ELF
    frequencies, and in a very special manner. It is being fed by
    self-oscillating hidden EM biwave (pumpwave) energy directly from
    the surrounding vacuum. [The EM energy of the vacuum
    intercommunicates internally through the hyperspatial Whittaker
    channels of the vacuum. The gradient in the potential magnitude
    represents the EM energy entering our 3-space by local scalar
    interferometry.]

    I also quoted a reference that shows that the local vacuum
    immediately around a nucleus is structured by the nucleus and can be
    considered and treated as a special sort of semiconductor. One can
    visualize, then, that the 60-Hz trapped self-oscillation is between
    that local semiconductor vacuum and the potentialized barium
    nucleus. In other words, in the self-oscillating nuclear potential
    it is both the local vacuum and the nucleus that are oscillating, at
    180 degrees phase from each other. That means that there is a
    rhythmic inflow and outflow of potential (Whittaker biwaves)
    envelope magnitude gradient, to and from the nucleus, exchanged to
    and from the local semiconductor vacuum. Note what we're talking about.

    You've got to get the hyperspatial EM energy exchange of the vacuum
    "gated" or" shifted" into our 3-space, from hyperspace. Whittaker's
    1904 paper can be interpreted as showing that (1) the gradient in
    the potential represents the 3-space aspect, and (2) any such
    potential gradient in 3-space is produced by scalar interferometry
    (interference of the hyperspatial vector EM wave interiors of scalar
    potentials.)

    So Sweet's 60-Hz modulation of the nuclear potential's amplitude
    represents a 3-space oscillating flow of EM vector energy, in and
    out of the nucleus from the surrounding semiconductor vacuum. If you
    properly introduce a signal wave to that "activated" or self- pumped
    nucleus (once it's got a 3-space oscillating EM vector flow), then
    by standard textbook theory you are going to get out up to all the
    energy in the pump waves, coming forth from the "nucleus-mirror" as
    an amplified phase conjugate replica (PCR) of the small signal wave
    input.

    By the standard distortion correction theorem, that amplified PCR
    wave will travel back along the path taken by the signal wave. In
    other words, you've got organized EM energy coming out of the nuclei
    as a coherent EM wave, through the electron shells, into the
    material lattice, and on out of there into the external circuit. At
    that point, one simply taps onto it (e.g., by magnetic induction),
    and you can extract and gate the amplified energy wherever you wish
    in the external circuit. Note that the 60-Hz self-oscillation energy
    comes in from the local vacuum to the nucleus, on the inflow or
    "intake" cycle. If you gate some of it on out of the nucleus
    externally, instead of letting it flow back to the local
    semiconductor vacuum, the adjacent vacuum surrounding the
    semiconductor just promptly replenishes the local vacuum potential.
    It has to do so, because of the nonlocal hyperspatial EM energy flow
    in the Whittaker structure of the potential in the first place. You
    can draw EM energy out of those internal EM waves in the Whittaker
    structure of the potential, and the electrical charges establishing
    that potential will continue to "pump out" virtual photons and
    replenish the potential.

    It can be seen that the potentials between the self-pumping nuclei
    are self-cohering (in their internal EM) throughout the mirror
    material by what is called "self-targeting," but that is another
    story too long to detail here. The second (1904) Whittaker paper I
    cited is also quite revealing. Here's what it shows. Rigorously, you
    can replace all of classical forcefield EM with scalar potential
    interferometry. Period. Note that this paper actually incorporates
    the Aharonov-Bohm effect, decades before Aharonov and Bohm's seminal
    1959 paper. It also drastically extends it, for it is dealing with
    macroscopic effects, not just mesoscopic. Also, please note that
    scalar interferometry is not an oxymoron,in spite of being so
    labeled by one eminent scientist.

    If you realize that the scalar potential is totally vectorial in its
    Whittaker internal composition, and comprised of multiple EM waves,
    then when one interferes two scalar EM potentials, one is simply
    doing multiple wave interferometry simultaneously. It's perfectly
    good "wave" interferometry; it's just a whole bunch of it at once.
    And the wave interference actually connects hyperspace EM waves with
    3-space EM waves. The hyperspatial EM wave interference creates
    3-space EM potential gradients (forcefields), including both statics
    and dynamics. To sum up my view of the Whittaker papers, here's what
    they add to physics:

    (1) They add a second and completely new kind of electromagnetics, a
    hidden hyperspatial EM wave communication inside the scalar
    potential. Since the magnitude of the scalar potential from a single
    point charge does not reach zero until an infinite radial distance
    is reached, then each point charge communicates electromagnetically
    with each other point in the universe, through the hidden Whittaker
    EM hyperspace channel. It communicates via hidden (hyperspatial) EM
    waves that a normal EM detector does not even see.

    (2) The papers allow replacing all notions of external [3- space] EM
    force fields, waves, etc. with scalar interferometry of potentials
    [hyperspatial EM wave interferometry].

    (3) by adding the "internal" EM energy and its hyperspatial "hidden
    variable" communication, the two papers do in fact extend each of
    the three disciplines: classical EM, QM,and general relativity.

    Indeed, they force consideration of a sort of "action at a
    distance," where by scalar interferometry the local vacuum potential
    and the local spacetime itself are altered and interact with the
    system in unexpected manners.

    Since the Whittaker internal EM energy extension set is the same in
    each case, it is my view that adding the Whittaker internal EM does
    unify the three extended disciplines. Note that it does not change
    the three present subsets. We might also ask the following:

    Can anyone show any paper in the literature, other than the
    Whittaker work and the other two recent papers I cited, that deals
    with this internal organized EM inside the scalar potential? If so,
    I've personally been unable to find it, and would very much
    appreciate the reference.

    Does there exist any other paper in the literature that treats the
    atomic nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror? I would very much
    appreciate the references, if there are any.

    Are there any papers at all in the literature, where research has
    been conducted in actually making the Whittaker-type of simultaneous
    wave/antiwave structure as an artificial scalar potential, in beams,
    and performing scalar beam interferometry with it on materials and
    systems at a distance __ e.g., say at three feet in the laboratory?
    If so, I'd again very much appreciate the references.

    It is my strong feeling that we must get such things looked into by
    the universities and by sharp physicists and graduate students. The
    Whittaker approach and the concept of using the nucleus of the atom
    as a pumped phase conjugate mirror that one can externally engineer
    electromagnetically, do seem to lead to some startling things on the
    bench. But presently the phenomenology is so completely unknown and
    unexpected that I fear we may never have a true science and
    technology here unless university-level work is done on it. Indeed,
    it's going to take some good theorists and some good
    experimentalists both.

    I might add that Sweet is incorporating the Whittaker theory into
    his EM theory of the device, and I expect him to publish that in the
    future for peer review and examination. His wife died recently,
    however, and so that part of the effort has been setback for a time.
    Sweet is a good theorist (I am not), and he is an especially good
    magnetics engineer of high caliber. He is also, in my opinion, a
    genius on the experimental bench.

    *** He has other highly unusual EM inventions which may *** receive
    more publicity in the future.

    I believe that, for the quaternions, the best way to describe EM
    expressed in quaternions (or better yet, in Clifford algebra) is to
    note that the EM thus expressed has a higher topology. It seems that
    you can get EM effects in the higher topology that a rigorous
    orthodox EM analysis will never reveal or appreciate.

    A very interesting reference to check in this respect --- by a
    highly capable scientist, and with all the mathematics --- is T.W.
    Barrett, "Tesla's nonlinear oscillator-shuttle-circuit (OSC)
    theory," /Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie/, 16(1), 1991,p.
    23-41.

    Indeed, I'm attracted to the notion that my own concept of the
    nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror could also possibly be
    expressed in terms of Barrett's OSC exposition. This is particularly
    attractive because Barrett points out that in the higher topology
    the nonlinear optics effects are achievable by circuits and devices
    themselves, without the presence of laser- matter interactions as
    such. He also cites a document number 225395, 1988, U.S. Patent
    Office, where the OSC theory was originally disclosed.

    The complete mathematics for decomposition of the electrostatic
    scalar potential into bidirectional EM wave sets in harmonic phase-
    locked series is in E.T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential
    equations of mathematical physics," /Mathematische Annalen/, Vol.
    57, 1903, p. 333-355.

    The complete mathematical proof that classical EM can be completely
    replaced with scalar potential interferometry is in E.T. Whittaker,
    "On an expression of the electromagnetic field due to electrons by
    means of two scalar potential functions," /Proceedings of the London
    Mathematical Society/, Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372.

    I believe Whittaker actually orally delivered both papers in 1903.
    Review and commentary from the network scientists on the two
    Whittaker papers, and on the significance of the Whittaker papers or
    lack of it, would be most deeply appreciated. Particularly desired
    would be the results of any experiments performed in scalar
    potential interferometry, at a mild distance (say, three feet) where
    each of the two interfering potentials is artificially constructed
    of multiple phase-locked harmonics and their true phase conjugate
    waves in one-to-one magnitude ratio. We accent that at least one
    harmonic interval, and preferably more than that, are essential.

    Sincerely,

    Tom Bearden

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Progress Report on the Sweet Vacuum Triode*

    *T. E. Bearden*

    Updated Jan. 29, 1992

    *Phase I Operation Completed*

    In 1991 we ended Phase I, and began the opening round of Phase II of
    our decades-long operation. Phase I was to alert the free nations to
    the dangers of Soviet scalar EM weapons, and the necessity of
    countering them. That phase has been successfully completed. There
    are now three other nations --- not hostile to the U.S. --- that
    have developed and deployed scalar EM weaponry. The Soviets/KGB are
    soundly checked by these three nations, with regards to scalar EM
    weaponry.

    *Phase II Operation Begun*

    The goal of the phase II operation is to get cheap, clean energy
    from the vacuum, obtain antigravity, and develop scalar EM healing
    of notorious diseases such as cancer, leukemia, AIDS, etc. In this
    phase we are now publishing papers in the orthodox literature that
    carry the message. Our target is the bright young graduate students
    and postdoctoral candidates who are becoming increasingly curious in
    this area. We will try to get as many of these interested as
    possible. The idea is to have about 100 "seed cells", in major
    universities, so that these young tigers do the necessary
    phenomenology experiments and produce the necessary theory
    extensions. If we can reach that number of seed cells, then those
    young Turks will turn over the present physics. That Phase II
    operation has begun.

    *Two Fundamental Papers Published*

    For example, in mid-1991 we gave (in absentia) two fundamental
    papers to a very large symposium (IECEC '91) in the Boston area. The
    symposium was sponsored by IEEE, AIAA, and many of the other leading
    technical societies of the U.S. The two papers are published in the
    Proceedings by the American Nuclear Society.[1,2]

    One of these papers [1] tells what is wrong with quantum mechanics,
    electromagnetics, and general relativity - that is, what actually
    prevents their unification. It also tells what has to be done to
    unify them. I emphasize that the thesis in this paper is testable on
    the laboratory bench; it isn't just conjecture.

    The second paper [2] is rather unique, to say the least. In it I
    openly released the basic universal mechanism that is capable of
    directly tapping the potential energy of the vacuum,
    electromagnetically. That's a secret eventually worth billions of
    dollars; I freely gave it to everyone. I discovered the theoretical
    mechanism, so it was mine to give. The paper reported on Floyd
    Sweet's (my colleague for several years) vacuum triode which
    successfully taps the vacuum's virtual photon flux energy to produce
    500 watts of time-reversed electrical power, with only 330
    microwatts of normal power input. That device has been in existence
    since 1987 or earlier.

    *The Fundamental Mechanism Is Proven*

    There are several hundred papers in the nonlinear optics literature
    that prove that the fundamental pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM)
    mechanism works, in the macroscopic world. I seem to have been (in
    1986/87) the first person to openly treat the nucleus of the atom as
    a PPCM.

    In a proprietary 1986 draft and later 1987 paper given to Sweet, I
    produced the basic theory of how Sweet's vacuum triode device (which
    then was producing 6 watts output) was tapping the vacuum energy. To
    do so, I treated the Whittaker bidirectional EM wave components of a
    scalar EM potential --- introduced onto the nucleus --- as a set of
    wave/antiwave pairs or pump waves.

    This application simply uses the internal scalar potential's
    internal structuring as clearly established by Whittaker in 1903.[3]

    With the internal Whittaker wave/antiwave structure, one can
    establish a self-oscillation (self-pumping) on the barium nucleus,
    in and of the virtual photon flux (VPF) exchange between the nucleus
    and its immediately surrounding vacuum.[4]

    When that is successfully done, the material containing the barium
    (in Sweet's case, barium ferrite magnets) is activated. That is, VPF
    exchange energy is rhythmically flowing into the barium nucleus and
    back out again in a 60 Hz wave --- as a wave of pure VPF stress
    potential; a pure scalar EM wave, which is composed of (and can be
    decomposed into) phase-locked AM oscillations of the set of
    Whittaker biwaves composing the potential.

    With this Whittaker decomposition, the self-oscillating barium
    nucleus is then a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror. Note that this
    "nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror" approach is a universal
    scheme for tapping the trapped energy in a massless scalar EM
    potential in the vacuum, without depleting the potential.

    The potential in the vacuum is a function of vacuum VPF activity;
    the potential is continually replenished by the vacuum itself. The
    EM energy trapped inside the potential can be tapped forever, if the
    potential is not bled off by translating electrons (or other charged
    particles).

    Then all that remains to be done to tap this vacuum-furnished
    "pumping" energy, is to utilize standard 4-wave mixing theory from
    nonlinear optics, and introduce a small signal wave input. By
    standard textbook theory, up to all the energy in the pump waves
    will then be emitted by the nucleus as a phase conjugate replica
    (PCR) (time-reversed replica) of the signal wave input.

    In other words, an amplified EM energy wave --- in this case, 60 Hz
    --- will come from the self-pumped nuclei and will backtrack the
    path taken by the signal wave, in accordance with the so-called
    distortion correction theorem of orthodox nonlinear optics.[5]

    In this fashion, the energy in a potential established in vacuum can
    be directly tapped, taken from the VPF exchange with the nucleus,
    and gated out of the atom and into the external circuit, to power an
    external load.

    *The Secret of Overunity EM Devices*

    THIS "NUCLEUS AS A PUMPED PHASE CONJUGATE MIRROR" MECHANISM IS THE
    FUNDAMENTAL SECRET OF ALL LEGITIMATE OVER-UNITY DEVICES THAT TAP
    VACUUM ENERGY.

    The tapping device is not a closed system, but is open to the flow
    of energy from the vacuum to the nuclei and back. All systems
    everywhere are open to this in-and-out VPF flux exchange anyway.
    Normally, however, the two VPF flows --- in and out --- are equal
    and opposite, and so the energy exchange between vacuum and nucleus
    is in equilibrium. In that case, none of the VPF exchange energy is
    gated out to the external circuit.

    In the "activated" case, however, the two VPF flows (between the
    nucleus and the vacuum) are not equal, because part of the flow
    energy that accumulates in the in-surge into the nucleus is gated
    out of the atom and into the external circuit.

    Hence the vacuum/nucleus flux exchange system is not locally in
    equilibrium, because part of the in-flow is being gated by 4-wave
    mixing accomplished in the PPCM barium nuclei, into forming an
    organized PCR wave, which in turn goes on out of the atom instead of
    back to the vacuum. Any local vacuum energy extracted is just
    instantly replaced by the surrounding vacuum - just as a raging
    ocean instantly refills the hole left in dipping out a spoonful of
    water.

    So in the self-oscillating PPCM nucleus, part of the vacuum influx
    energy is gated into an organized phase conjugate replica (PCR)
    wave, instead of simply being flux-exchanged back to the local
    vacuum. This amplified PCR wave backtracks the path previously taken
    by the input 60 Hz signal wave, and thus proceeds out of the
    vacuum-pumped nuclei, through the atom's electron shells, into and
    through the material lattice, and arrives in the outer circuit,
    which is connected to the external electrical load.

    The device thus powers the external load directly off the energy
    organized and gated from the local vacua surrounding the excited,
    activated, self-pumped barium nuclei. Floyd Sweet's Vacuum Triode

    In his second vacuum triode, Sweet obtained 500 watts of negative
    electrical power out (at 60 Hz and 120 volts), with an input (signal
    wave, in nonlinear optical PPCM terminology) of only 330 microwatts
    (10 volts, 33 x 10^-6 amps) from a small 60 Hz oscillator. That's
    about a 1,500,000 power gain. Not too bad at all.

    Sweet later "close-looped" the device, tapping off a wee bit of the
    output, and using it as the rigidly clamped positive-feedback input.
    So his later devices put out 500 watts, directly from the vacuum,
    without any external input at all.

    Sweet has also built devices having 1,000 watt output and 5,000 watt
    output. The devices also are solid state, with no moving parts.

    A nominal Sweet device outputs 1,000 watts of time-reversed (PCR) EM
    power at 60 Hz and 120 volts. It weighs 6 pounds, and can be rigged
    to simultaneously produce antigravity, while it is producing its
    negative power.

    However, there are still some serious problems with stability, etc.
    Also, there are serious legal problems, and in fact the entire thing
    has been in litigation. It may be that nothing will ever be possible
    with this device, because of the horrendous legal entanglements. But
    the device is real, it works (albeit it is just a laboratory
    demonstration device, and not at all a production-ready model). It
    proves the principles, and the report is now in the standard
    literature.

    *World's First Antigravity Success*

    Also, to prove the scalar EM interpretation of gravity and
    antigravity, at my urgent request in 1987, Sweet specially rigged
    the device for antigravity production. In the cited paper we report
    on the highly successful result.

    The 6-lb. weight of the object was reduced in periodic stages by
    90%, on a scale on the lab bench, in a totally controlled, smooth,
    slow, sustained experiment without transients or sudden surges,
    jerks, etc. At the same time, the device was steadily producing
    negative electrical power.

    In fact, the method of producing antigravity in a "rigged" unit is
    simply to force it to process more negative power through the
    nucleus. Gravitational energy is negative energy, and gravitational
    power is negative power, as is well known.

    It follows that to first order, antigravity can be regarded as
    simply the outputting or ejecting of negative energy from the atomic
    nucleus, through the electron shells and into an external load,
    rather than return of the negative VPF energy back to the vacuum
    from the nucleus.

    The curve is reproduced in the paper, and printed in the
    proceedings. I had qualitatively predicted the results, prior to the
    experiment.

    What is not printed in the proceedings is that, with another more
    powerful model, Sweet has actually fully levitated the entire 6-lb
    unit, and "flown" it above the bench, via this approach to antigravity.

    So the scalar EM theory works. It's still tricky, and we're just at
    the stage that normal EM went through with "cat fur, glass rods, and
    pith balls." But slowly we're getting there. Still, we desperately
    need to develop good instrumentation for detecting (1) the absolute
    scalar potential, including its magnitude, and (2) the exact
    Whittaker bidirectional EM wave harmonic structure of the scalar
    potential. We know how to approach that problem, but it will be
    quite expensive, and funding to do that has simply never been
    available.

    *"Energy" Is Presently Incorrectly Defined*

    To illustrate just how poorly some of the foundations of normal
    science (including physics) are known, let me point out that the
    present definition of energy is totally wrong. Now there's a real
    attention grabber of a statement! Can I prove it? Let's see.

    The present "definition" of energy in science is usually stated
    something like this. "Energy is the capacity to do work." Well, that
    statement happens to be totally, hopelessly false. It isn't even
    correct logic. Here's why.

    What is work? Ultimately, work is the scattering (disordering) of
    energy. We can always resort to calorimetry, e.g., and determine the
    warming of a solution (such as water) by a mechanically-powered
    paddlewheel, to convert mechanical energy to heat energy, etc. But
    in QM, all mechanical forces are generated by the exchange of
    virtual photons, so even mechanical force is electromagnetic at
    base. Hence mechanical force times distance is also EM-generated, at
    its causative base. Eventually, mechanical and electromagnetic work
    involves the scattering of EM energy.

    So substituting for the term "work" in the accepted definition of
    energy, the standard definition is really this: "Energy is the
    (capacity to do) scattering of energy."[6] That's logically
    contradictory. It says that energy is just its own scattering! And
    that's nonsense.

    Try it on the notion of a fishhook. I can truthfully state: "A
    fishhook can be used to catch fish." That's perfectly okay. However,
    we cannot accurately define a fishhook as "A fishhook IS the
    capacity to catch fish." That's a non sequitur. We can say,
    accurately, that "a fishhook HAS the (innate) capacity to catch
    fish," and that is accurate. That's just a statement about
    fishhooks, it is not a definition. But we cannot say that "a
    fishhook IS the capacity to catch fish." Indeed, a fishhook IS a
    bent piece of wire, where one end is usually curved with a barb on
    the tip.

    Similarly, we can say that "energy HAS the capacity to do work," and
    that is logically accurate. In that form, it's just a statement of
    one of the things that energy can be used to do. One can, by
    scattering the energy, do work --- since work is just the scattering
    of energy in the first place. But one cannot say that "Energy IS the
    capacity to do work." A thing cannot be defined as just its own
    scattering!

    I find it remarkable --- even astounding --- that generations of
    scientists and engineers have apparently failed to notice this
    simple, elementary fact. Could it be that all the physicists and
    engineers are presently wrong in their notion as to precisely what
    energy IS? If so, then (one might say) what, pray tell, is it? What
    is energy anyway?

    *A Fundamental Redefinition of Energy*

    Here's the precise definition: ENERGY IS ANY ORDERING, EITHER STATIC
    OR DYNAMIC, IN THE VIRTUAL PARTICLE FLUX OF VACUUM. Period. Note
    that energy overall refers to the flux of any and all kinds of
    virtual particles in the vacuum. It can be any kind of ordering
    imposed in or on any or some or all of those particle fluxes.

    But when you put an adjective modifier in front of the word
    "energy", then you have selected a particular type of flux. In that
    case you have to discriminate the type of quantum particle of the
    field, comprising the flux that is being referred to. Like the
    following:

    *Definition of Electromagnetic Energy*

    Electromagnetic energy is any ordering, either static or dynamic, in
    the virtual photon flux of vacuum. In other words, for a field
    energy, one selects only the type of particle in the VPF that is the
    quantum particle of that field.

    Let's continue: Nowhere in physics --- in all of physics --- does
    there appear a legitimate definition of the electrostatic scalar
    potential. The normal "definition" utilized or advanced is a
    prescription for calculating its magnitude. I could not find a
    single physicist or electrical engineer who could accurately define
    it. So I went to QM and dug out what it is, myself. Let's continue:

    *Definitions of Some Types of Potentials*

    A potential is any ordering, either static or dynamic or combination
    thereof, in the virtual particle flux of vacuum.

    Note that, according to this definition, a potential is pure energy,
    a priori. But we must be careful. Because of the nature of the
    virtual particle flux comprising it, the potential is a collection
    of individual virtual energies --- a collection of the individual
    energies of a host of individually moving virtual particles. Each
    particle is still almost totally separate from each other, most of
    the time. In other words, as an informal analogy, potential is a
    sort of mostly disintegrated energy, which only has just a touch of
    integration, enough to allow it to be referred to as a single
    "collection" or "ordering."

    A scalar potential is any static (stationary) ordering in the
    virtual particle flux of vacuum. A vector potential is any dynamic
    (nonstationary) ordering in the virtual particle flux of vacuum. So
    scalar potentials and vector potentials are simply different subsets
    of the energy domain.

    An electrostatic scalar potential is any static (stationary)
    ordering in the virtual photon flux of vacuum. And so on.

    Now those are all precise definitions. To the best of my knowledge,
    they have not previously appeared in physics.

    *Internal Wave Structure of A Scalar Potential*

    However, with respect to the electrostatic scalar potential, one
    still has a conceptual problem. Any photon in the vacuum must of
    necessity be moving at an average velocity of c, it would seem. So
    how does one have a "stationary" ordering of these extremely fast
    photons? In other words, how do you catch and "hold stationary" a
    particle that's moving at luminal velocity, and have it still
    continuing to move that fast?

    It's simply a special case of a kind of "standing wave" stationary
    solution by another name. Indeed, Whittaker decomposes the scalar
    potential into bidirectional pairs (in a harmonic series) of EM
    waves.[7] In other words, a scalar electrostatic potential
    internally consists of --- and is composed of --- paired EM waves,
    passing through each other, in pairs in a harmonic set. Sort of like
    a Fourier expansion set of harmonic waves, coupled with its phase
    conjugate set that is present at the same time. Notice that the
    harmonic wavepairs are phase-locked in frequency and time.

    Hence this structure establishes an organized, standing, stationary
    spatiotemporal lattice directly in the vacuum potential. It is
    strongly pointed out that this represents a local organization and
    structuring of spacetime itself.

    Further, a given potential created by our circuits is a change in
    the trapped local EM energy of the vacuum. It therefore represents a
    local curvature of spacetime, and this local curvature is
    Whittaker-structured.

    *Gravitons, Photons, and Antiphotons*

    So we look at one pair of Whittaker waves, at its wave and antiwave
    components. We point out that the antiwave is a true phase conjugate
    (time-reversal) twin of the wave. In that wave/antiwave pair,
    photons in the wave are moving forward (say, from left to right) in
    one direction, and antiphotons in the antiwave are moving back (say,
    from right to left). In other words, photons and antiphotons are
    present and constantly meeting each other in each wave/antiwave pair.

    Further, the antiwave is precisely coupled to the wave by phase
    conjugation. This requires that photons and antiphotons are also
    continually and precisely coupling - which they can do and will do
    if one is a precise phase conjugate of the other --- and decoupling.
    But when momentarily coupled, the photon/antiphoton pair have
    helicity 2. In other words, at that moment the paired system
    (couple) is stationary. As a crude visual model, each may be
    visualized as "whirling around" (orbiting) the other momentarily, so
    that each has tangential velocity c, but oppositely directed,
    producing a spin-2 system that is momentarily "trapped" and not
    translating.[8] In this fashion a photon may be "spatially trapped"
    in a graviton system, but the individual photon may still be moving
    with tangential velocity c, even though the graviton system is
    stationary.

    Thus what we have in the Whittaker bidirectional wave structure of
    the scalar EM potential is the continual formation and dissolution
    of stationary spin-2 gravitons, with photons and antiphotons
    continually entering and exiting each coupling position. The
    gravitons resulting from the photon coupling/uncoupling are
    statistical, for they are continually being created and destroyed.

    Those statistical gravitons are what comprise the "electrostatic
    scalar potential," and constitute the convolution of the locally
    trapped photons. Consequently, the local EM energy trapped in the
    scalar EM potential exists in that form.

    Note that, because of the arrangement of the photon/antiphoton pairs
    into a harmonic series, all the EM waves in the entire Whittaker set
    are phase-locked, as are the gravitons. This means that the
    phase-locked graviton sets represent an ordered spacetime graviton
    lattice --- containing EM energy ordered both dynamically and
    statically in frequency, energy, space, and time.

    So, the scalar electrostatic potential is actually a hidden graviton
    latticing organization of local spacetime itself.

    *Photon Interaction And Newton's Third Law*

    It follows that, in photon interactions, normally we actually have a
    bust-up of a graviton, so that we have two photon interactions,[9]
    not one, as follows: (1) the freed forward-time photon interacts
    with the shell electrons of the atom, which is the reaction
    contained in the textbooks, and (2) the freed time-reversed
    antiphoton interacts with the nucleus of the atom to produce
    Newton's third law reaction force.[10]

    *The Scalar Potential Is Gravitational*

    Now that we know that the scalar potential is comprised of
    gravitons, we can understand why the potential is gravitational (as
    is well-known in general relativity.)[11] We also realize something
    even more important: We realize precisely how gravitational
    potential is made and sustained electromagnetically. In other words,
    we now understand electrogravitation. Note that, so far, we have
    described a very "linear" condition in spacetime, where the local
    spacetime from one point to its neighboring points does not change
    in the photon coupling constituency of the graviton lattice. Such a
    spacetime is locally flat.

    *Curved and Flat Local Spacetimes*

    However, it follows that we also should be able to do some nonlinear
    things to make the average photon/antiphoton coupling differ from
    spin-2. In that case, we can have some multiple photon couplings
    greater than helicity 2. We can also have the occasional failure of
    photon and antiphoton to couple, so that the average coupling is
    less than helicity 2.

    Because of the continual creation and annihilation of gravitons, in
    describing "the" graviton we are speaking of the average photon
    coupling over a finite time, where the average smooths and becomes a
    constant value, and where by "photon" we refer to both photons and
    antiphotons.

    If so, we then have this characteristic: If the average photon
    coupling in the vacuum EM potential is spin-2, then that's the
    "linear" coupling case, and the local spacetime is flat (uncurved).
    If the average coupling is less than spin-2, then the local
    spacetime is curved in one direction. It is deficient in photons for
    its preferred coupling, so it acts as a photon sink, or EM energy
    sink. So to speak, such a potential/vacuum/spacetime has "unfilled
    photon holes --- sort of a slightly depleted "Dirac photon sea." On
    the other hand, if the average coupling is greater than spin-2, the
    local spacetime is curved in the opposite direction. It has a
    surplus of photons, so it acts as a photon source --- in other
    words, as an EM energy source. In this case, it is a sort of
    "excited Dirac photon sea."

    Just as the spacetime/vacuum possesses a negative energy sea of
    Dirac electrons, so it possesses a negative energy sea of photons.
    When it's flat, all the negative energy "holes" are filled with
    virtual photons. When it's curved in one direction, some of the
    holes are empty, and the local spacetime will "absorb" some
    available photons. When it's curved in the other direction, an
    excess of virtual photons/antiphotons are crammed in there in excess
    of the holes, so the spacetime will emit photons and serve as an
    energy source.

    Remember that spacetime/vacuum to first order is just scalar
    potential. We can have a negative or a positive potential, as a
    delta compared to the normal or ambient vacuum potential. And when
    we speak of curved spacetime, we are just talking about a surplus or
    shortage of trapped photon energy coupling density to comprise the
    local vacuum/potential.

    *Potential, Vacuum, Spacetime, and Energy*

    The four words, potential, vacuum, spacetime, and static energy turn
    out to be essentially identities. Also, all of them have a dynamic
    substructure. That is, a vacuum per se is structured/ordered, since
    it is essentially a scalar potential. To first order, it is an
    electrostatic scalar EM potential, in the manner shown by Whittaker
    to have an internal bidirectional EM wave harmonic structure.

    A spacetime is internally structured; this provides direct access to
    "hyperspace" engineering, since the "internal" part of spacetime is
    hyperspatial, mathematically. But with the Whittaker approach, it is
    straightforward to directly engineer this internal hyperspace aspect.

    The ultimate engineering is hyperspatial engineering, vacuum
    engineering, engineering of potentials, engineering of vacuum
    engines, energizing the vacuum, energizing spacetime, structuring
    the local curvature of spacetime, engineering the internal
    electromagnetics, etc. All these things are identically the same
    thing. They are all part of scalar electromagnetics.

    Interference of vacua/potentials generates what we call EM waves in
    vacuum.[12] These waves may move either time-forward or time-
    reversed (antiwaves). You can also engineer this direct scalar
    interferometry to produce, stabilize, and control EM energy, in
    static or dynamic form, as Whittaker showed in 1904, even at a
    distance.[13]

    *Overunity Condition: Tapping The Potential*

    So, as you might surmise, in scalar EM we can curve local spacetime,
    and use it as either a source or a sink of EM energy. Once we pay to
    move a set of charges so as to establish a particular excitation and
    structure to the local or distant spacetime, so long as we do not
    allow the depletion of the charges, they continue to "pump" virtual
    photons (that is what electric charge is, according to QM) and
    sustain that particular active/excited/ energetic
    spacetime/vacuum/potential. If virtual EM photon energy is removed
    from that excited/activated vacuum region, the surrounding activated
    vacuum instantly replaces it, continually and forever.

    Now we are free to build a device which (1) establishes the excited
    vacuum/spacetime/potential in the first place, and (2) then taps off
    the virtual photon energy of the excited vacuum potential itself,
    without allowing depletion of the sustaining charged particles that
    are fixed in position and creating/pumping the virtual photon flux
    that creates the potential. We can tap the continual power of the
    Whittaker EM biwaves flowing through the excited vacuum potential
    forever, without exhausting it. It is simply comparable to putting a
    paddlewheel in a river, where in this case the Whittaker
    bidirectional EM wave structure is the river, and a special tapping
    device or process is the "paddlewheel." We can extract all the
    energy we wish, forever, from the stream, and the vacuum itself will
    continually and forever replenish the stream as fast as we extract
    the power.

    So we can build an over-unity machine, IF WE TAP THE LOCALLY ALTERED
    VACUUM POTENTIAL'S HIDDEN WHITTAKER RIVER, rather than releasing the
    sustaining electrical charges/VPF spray pumps we accumulated to
    create that altered potential.

    If you release the charges (the electrons, e.g.) as normal
    electrical engineers are trained to do, the charges translate and
    mechanically bang and clang their way through resistances, etc. on
    the way to electrical ground, depleting the potential in the
    process. This banging and clanging produces scattering of the
    order/energy in the potential and hence does work. But that way you
    only get one shot of it. It's a one-time thing, and then you've got
    to pay to move in some more charges, build another potential, and
    release the potential and the charges so the charges will go banging
    and clanging through the circuit again, scattering energy (order)
    and producing one-time work again.

    That's a very poor way to do business. It's rather like having some
    free, self-powered pumps, building a dam to hold some water
    pressure, moving in some of the pumps and pumping up water behind
    the dam to provide the pressure, then knocking down the dam and
    releasing the pumps and the water simultaneously, so that the water
    will rush out and push the pumps along to bump into things along the
    flow channel and do "banging and clanging" work. Yes, you can get
    some work done by the pumps one time that way. But it's a "hell of a
    way to run a railroad!" Yet all our present electrical engineers and
    electrical scientists are trained to plan, develop, build, and
    utilize just such crude EM systems!

    *Nature's Engines: Charged Particles Are Pumps*

    Charged particles, in quantum mechanics, are engaged in a violent
    virtual particle flux exchange with the vacuum. The violent virtual
    photon exchange between vacuum and mass particle is what creates and
    constitutes the electrical charge on that particle of mass. In other
    words, the electrically charged particle is nature's little "spray
    engine" or "spray pump," with respect to virtual photon flux or spray.

    The magnitude of the electrostatic scalar potential created by the
    accumulated charges (spray pumps) represents the local magnitude
    (flux/spray density) of that virtual photon "spray." It has nothing
    to do with the mass of the charges, except that nature has built
    those particular masses to be "little self-powered spray pumps."

    When we "charge up" an accumulator, such as a steel sphere or a
    capacitor, we push in the electrons so that they pack closer
    together, and we thus increase the virtual photon spray density
    because we've accumulated more sprayers in a confined volumetric
    region. The volumetric spray density represents the magnitude of the
    electrostatic scalar potential (ESP), in this analogy.

    Contrary to conventional wisdom, Whittaker proved that this scalar
    potential - this "spray density" --- is internally organized into
    hidden, flowing, bidirectional EM waves.[14] EM forcefield wave
    Energy is flowing in both directions. In the electrostatic scalar
    potential, the net Poynting vector resultant is zero, but it is a
    "sum-zero system" composed of an infinite set of opposite but equal
    finite Poynting vectors. That zero vector resultant is a scalar EM
    potential. It's got lots and lots of EM energy flowing both in and
    out simultaneously, but these flows are normally balanced and in
    equilibrium.

    *The Overunity Electrical Machine's Secret*

    However, if we could tap the EM energy in those hidden EM waves
    flowing oppositively inside the ESP, we could extract EM energy from
    the vacuum. We could "gate" some of the spray energy, that comes in
    from the vacuum to the charged particle, into the external circuit
    instead of back out to the vacuum. If so, we can use that "extracted
    and externally gated EM energy" to power a load. The "nucleus as a
    Whittaker-pumped phase conjugate mirror" mechanism I found in 1986,
    furnished to Floyd Sweet in early 1987, an released in 1991 allows
    precisely that tapping and gating capability.

    Here's the magic secret of all electrical over-unity machines:

    1) TAP THE VIRTUAL PHOTON SPRAY.

    2) TAP THE ENERGY IN THE MASSLESS VACUUM POTENTIAL.

    3) DO NOT RELEASE THE SPRAY PUMPS.

    4) DO NOT ALLOW CURRENT FLOW IN THAT PART OF THE CIRCUIT WHERE THE
    CHARGE PUMPS ARE COLLECTED TO CREATE THE POTENTIAL.

    5) OR AT LEAST ALLOW ONLY THE ABSOLUTE MINIMUM OF FLOW/BLEED-OFF
    THERE, OF THE PUMPS.

    6) ORGANIZE, GATE, AND APPLY THE POTENTIAL SPRAY TO THE EXTERNAL
    CIRCUIT, WHERE IT WILL ATTACH TO AVAILABLE ELECTRONS, FORMING FORCE
    FIELDS, VOLTAGE, AND CURRENTS TO PUMP ELECTRONS AROUND THE CIRCUIT.

    7) USE THOSE EXTERNALLY POWERED FIELDS AND CURRENTS TO POWER THE LOAD.

    You can freely tap the potential's VPF "spray" forever, once one is
    created in the vacuum. As fast as you scavenge out the power in the
    spray, it is just renewed by the continued pumping of the charged
    particle "spray pumps." Nature and nature's excited vacuum potential
    "flux-spray" provide and replenish that pumping and that power, for
    free, forever.

    So the altered vacuum (potential) is a universal "virtual-photon-
    flux fuel" if you construct your power units correctly. But you must
    engineer things one step deeper than the present seriously flawed
    electromagnetics prescribes.

    Similar constructions give the secret of gravity and antigravity,
    and how to engineer them as well. However, that is beyond the scope
    of this paper.

    *All Systems Are Open To Vacuum Flux Exchange*

    As we stated, our attention is no longer directed to scalar EM
    weapons, but to the Phase II operation. That is progressing; there
    are at present several legitimate devices or processes that produce
    overunity. We reiterate that this is nothing mystical; none of these
    systems or processes is a closed system, so closed-system energy
    conservation need not apply locally.

    Indeed, there is really no such thing in the universe as a truly
    closed system, anywhere. Every system is open to the vacuum's
    virtual particle flux, and is in fact already in a fantastic virtual
    particle exchange with the vacuum. Normally, however, the influx and
    the outflux are equal in absolute magnitude; hence the system is in
    internal equilibrium vis-a-vis the vacuum.

    However, if one breaks the equilibrium in this internal flux
    exchange, and organizes and gates a portion of that influx on out of
    the atom and into the external circuits, one can power an external
    electromagnetic load directly from the extracted vacuum energy. It
    is no more mysterious than placing a paddlewheel in a flowing
    stream, to extract some useful energy as shaft horsepower. We just
    have a more esoteric stream and a more esoteric paddlewheel.

    *In Conclusion*

    We also point out that there are no irrevocable "laws" of nature.
    Every so-called "law of physics" is just a great and useful
    generalization, based on certain fixed assumptions, that holds in a
    broad area. If the assumptions are violated, however, the law need
    no longer hold, and it can be violated.

    Scientific proof is proof by the experimental method, not by the
    authoritarian pronouncements of orthodox scientists. Unfortunately,
    orthodoxy as yet knows nothing of the process we are advancing, or
    of scalar electromagnetics. In the unorthodox experimental arena,
    however, scalar EM is still a newborn infant in the womb, but it is
    thriving and advancing. It is up to us to serve as midwives and get
    the infant born.

    NOTES AND REFERENCES ---

    1. T.E. Bearden and Walter Rosenthal, "On a testable unification of
    electromagnetics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics,"
    /Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering
    Conference/, August 4-9, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts.

    2. Floyd Sweet and T.E. Bearden, "Utilizing scalar electromagnetics
    to tap vacuum energy," /Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy
    Conversion Engineering Conference/ (IECEC '91), August 4- 9, 1991,
    Boston, Massachusetts.

    3. E.T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential equations of
    mathematical physics," /Mathematische Annalen/, Vol. 57, 1903, p.
    333-355. See also V.K. Ignatovich, "The remarkable capabilities of
    recursive relations," /American Journal of Physics/, 57(10), Oct.
    1989, p. 873-878. See also Richard W. Ziolkowski, "Localized
    transmission of wave energy," /Proc. SPIE/ Vol. 1061, Microwave and
    Particle Beam sources and Directed Energy Concepts, Jan. 1989, p.
    396-397.

    4. This self-oscillation in barium compounds is well-known in
    nonlinear optics, although it is usually experimentally accomplished
    in the optical frequency regime. Sweet brilliantly discovered how to
    initiate this self-oscillation or self-pumping at ELF frequencies,
    such as 60 Hz.

    5. For a statement of the distortion correction theorem, see Amnon
    Yariv, /Optical Electronics/, Third Edition, Holt, Rinehart and
    Winston, New York, 1985, p. 500-501. See also David M. Pepper,
    "Nonlinear optical phase conjugation," /Optical Engineering/, 21(2),
    March/April 1982, p. 156-183 for a good overview of optical phase
    conjugation.

    6. Shortly below, energy will be defined as a certain kind of order.
    So the present "definition" of energy actually is stating that
    "order is the disordering of order." In that form, the logical
    contradiction in the "definition" is immediately apparent.

    7. E.T. Whittaker, 1903, ibid.

    8. This is true because the wave and antiwave are interferring. Such
    interference produces galloping waves, whose instantaneous velocity
    varies from the speed of light.

    The galloping wave slows to, say, 0.01 c, then rushes forward again
    at 100 c, then slows, then speeds up, and so on. Its average
    velocity is c. But its instantaneous velocity is usually anything
    but c. See William G. Harter, John Evans, Roberto Vega, and Sanford
    Wilson. "Galloping waves and their relativistic properties."
    /American Journal of Physics/, 53(7), July 1985, p. 671-679.

    9. Occasionally yet another physicist discovers that photon
    interaction is actually binary, and that we ignore or discard half
    of almost all of our measurements. For example, see Richard Kidd et
    al, "Evolution of the Modern Photon," /American Journal of Physics/,
    57(1), Jan. 1989, p. 27-35. See also R. Chen, "Cancellation of
    Internal Forces," /American Journal of Physics/, 49(4), Apr. 1981,
    p. 372.

    10. Essentially this has been experimentally proven. E.g., when one
    has a phase conjugate material, it may emit either photons (a normal
    wave) or antiphotons (a time-reversed or phase-conjugate wave).

    Now, if I am right as to the genesis of Newtonian 3rd law reaction
    force, then when the material emits a time-reversed wave, or an
    antiphoton, the material should not recoil. Such experiments have in
    fact been done in nonlinear optics experiments, and "inexplicably" a
    phase conjugate mirror material does not recoil when it emits an
    antiphoton or a phase conjugate wave, seemingly violating Newton's
    third law! So it seems I am correct after all.

    11. In the modern GR view, all trapped energy is gravitational. It
    is the trapped EM energy in mass, e.g., that is gravitational. Mass
    is in fact a highly intense mass potential.

    Since any scalar potential is also a form of trapped EM energy, that
    energy --- and hence the potential also --- is gravitational in nature.

    12. E.T. Whittaker, "On an expression of the electromagnetic field
    due to electrons by means of two scalar potential functions,"
    Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, Vol. 1,
    1904, p. 367-372. Here Whittaker demonstrates that the present
    forcefield electromagnetics can be replaced by scalar potential
    interferometry. And I'm called a lunatic for speaking of scalar
    interferometry!

    Rigorously the scalar potential is composed of a dynamic, opposing
    vector forcefield wave internal structure. Internally it's
    vectorial; externally it's scalar. Whittaker 1903 tells how to make
    standing scalar potentials; these can be made as beams.

    And one can then interfere the two scalar EM beams to produce EM
    force fields directly in distant charged particle systems, by
    Whittaker 1904.

    13. E.T. Whittaker, 1904, ibid.

    14. Mathematically these hidden waves may be modeled as hyperspatial
    waves.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Tom Bearden/Sweet VTA Development*

    *From PESWiki*

    *by Leslie R. Pastor*

    /This page was created to enable Tom Bearden an opportunity to
    refute incorrect information and to explain his relationship with
    Floyd Sweet and John Bedini. I believe that future history will
    fully vindicate 'negative energy' and resolve our serious energy
    problem./

    /Responding to . . ./

    In an answer to the following post from the Sweet VTA Group....Tom
    Bearden provides a significant CORRECTION regarding: "'Bedini
    Patent' is referred to and in
    other posts John Bedini acknowledges that he worked for Sweet and
    obtained the magnets from a surplus shop. There was no actual test
    made of the magnet composition so
    it's unconfirmed what the magnet composition was."

    John Bedini posted comments and pictures of the VTA on the Keelynet
    website and can be looked up there.

    "Bearden posts much of his information from HEARSAY as he did not
    observe the tests visually but obtained the info via telephone
    conversations with Sweet". This is a patently
    FALSE STATEMENT -- as Tom Bearden explains below:

    /Bearden Replies/

    Hi Les,

    Typical [mis]information. He charges "hearsay" and speaks entirely
    from hearsay himself.

    I did lots of experiments with Sweet, in Sweet's lab, on personal
    visits to California to work with him awhile (ask John Bedini, he
    was there). And John did not "work for"
    Sweet; to the contrary, he personally assisted Sweet to help him get
    going, for free. Without John's assistance, Sweet would have been a
    very much longer time in getting
    successful activation of persistent self-oscillation in his barium
    ferrite magnets.

    http://www.cheniere.org/misc/sweet.htm

    At the time I met him, Sweet knew nothing of phase conjugate optics
    (when he got his Master's degree from MIT in the 1940s, the subject
    was not even being taught in the U.S.,
    or even known here -- check it out). Information on phase conjugate
    optics was given to the U.S. by the Russians much later in a
    briefing by the Russians at a U.S. university, and
    even then it took quite a while for the U.S. to get going in phase
    conjugation. Again, check
    it out.

    I personally extracted the main phase conjugate equations from one
    of the first books on the subject, and furnished them to Sweet since
    he was entangled with -- among other
    things -- phase conjugate signals. At the time, his unit put out
    only 6 watts. That's S-I-X watts, not 500.

    Incorporating the results of phase conjugation for more proper
    handling, Sweet's next VTA put out 500 watts of power and had an
    amplification (COP)due to his new phase
    conjugate pumping of 1,500,000. Then since his unit also put out
    negative EM energy, and with high gain that makes antigravity
    possible, I designed the antigravity experiment for
    him, and gave it to him. At the time, I was very busy with my
    aerospace job at Computer Sciences Corporation, and could not travel
    again to California for some weeks. Hence
    Sweet built the necessary output unit and set up and performed the
    experiment there in California with me on the phone with him, here
    from Alabama. He read off the
    measurements there on the bench, and I wrote them down here in
    Huntsville.

    I later included these results in a joint paper, putting Sweet's
    name first which was proper, since he was the inventor, not me. The
    paper is Floyd Sweet and T. E. Bearden, "Utilizing
    Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy," Proc. 26th
    Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC '91),
    Boston, Massachusetts, 1991, p.
    370-375

    Contrary to your disinformation, the magnets were indeed barium
    ferrite magnets -- the old audio kind which were quite common in
    surplus shops at the time. Again, ask John Bedini.

    And for your information, I personally took a Sweet-activated barium
    ferrite magnet, placed a shim stock on it, and watched the shim
    stock oscillate continuously to and fro for
    an hour, fanning air and doing free work all the time. I then locked
    the self-oscillating magnet and its waving shim stock fan load) in a
    safe, and took the key with me. 24 hours
    later, when I reopened the safe, there sat the magnet with its shim
    stock still waving and fanning air and doing free work.

    Sweet himself had great difficulty in activating the magnets; only
    about one in 30 had a sufficiently "accurate" and even overall field
    to take and hold activation. He only got to that
    level of success when Walter Rosenthal built for him a device to
    allow much more precision in the activation process, and when he
    initiated a line-scanning process for
    checking the smoothness of the magnet's magnetic field. Too may
    ripples, the material construction was too variable and it would not
    hold activation. Thereafter, he could
    successfully activate one selected from about 30 "scanned" magnets,
    and that one would "hold" the activation for a long time (in some
    cases, a year or two at the least). Most
    unscanned and non-culled magnets would hold it only for a few
    seconds to a few hours as they lost their self-oscillation activation.

    You speak lightly of hearsay -- did you ever even meet Sweet, or
    Bedini? Or me either, for that matter? Did you meet Walter
    Rosenthal, who built Sweet's activation circuit and
    system for him, and who measured and examined several Sweet VTA
    systems, including the last one that was self-powering (closed
    clamped positive feedback loop system)? I
    never saw the closed-loop self-powering Sweet system.

    To my knowledge, the answer is no, you were not there, know nothing
    about what happened or what was done, and are just "spouting off".
    So everything you have uttered is
    the rankest hearsay, and in fact much of it is a flat lie.

    Since you seem to want to pose as a fount of all knowledge, then
    please explain precisely how Sweet was able to trick the negative
    binding energy of the barium nucleus in his
    barium ferrite magnets into long-lasting self-oscillation. The
    powerful negative energy binding forces in the nucleus are one of
    the few places one can get gains (COPs) on the
    order of 1,500,000. Once you have the original gain stably, however,
    it is fairly straightforward to increase it further if you are
    dealing with negative energy. I personally
    activated several sets of magnets in Sweet's lab when working with
    Sweet, but I also never knew the FULL activation secret which he
    kept very, very secret.

    One can produce negative energy in several ways; self-oscillation of
    the barium nucleus' negative binding energy is one. Sharp gradients
    (as used for nearly 20 years by Bedini in
    his battery chargers and other circuits) are another; the sharp
    gradient suddenly lifts normal electrons from the Dirac Sea,
    resulting in a sudden spurt of normal electron current (usually
    called the Lenz law effect). But accompanying it is the sudden spurt
    of currents of"Dirac Sea holes" in the opposite direction. And while
    they exist, those holes are pouring out
    negative EM energy. The longer they exist before swallowing up an
    electron, the more negative EM energy they freely emit.

    And a Dirac Sea hole is not a positron (that was a trick by the
    conventional physics community to get rid of negative energy
    arbitrarily). The Dirac Sea hole is actually a
    negative mass-energy electron. And as a source charge, it produces
    negative energy EM fields -- i.e., fields whose photons are of
    negative angular momentum, that is, they have
    (-delta E)x(t), rather than (+delta E)x(t).

    Please go and read some of Dr. Dan Solomon's papers, since his group
    has now strongly pointed out that it was an error and a mistake to
    arbitrarily eliminate negative energy from
    the Dirac Sea theory. Particularly see Dan Solomon, "Some new
    results concerning the vacuum in Dirac's hole theory," Physica
    Scripta, Vol. 74, 2006, p. 117-122. He has
    several other key papers on the subject also.

    Here's a quote from Dotson, dealing with the issue of the arbitrary
    exclusion of negative energy. Quoting:

    "I think if one had to point to a single place where science went
    profoundly and permanently off the track, it would be 1934 and the
    emasculation of Dirac's equation." .
    "Dirac's wave equation is a relativistic generalization of the
    Schrodinger wave equation. In 934 this brilliantly successful
    equation was shorn of half of its solutions by a questionable
    bit of mathematical slight-of-hand. Because it was 'politically
    correct,' this bit of juggling became the accepted interpretation.
    However, recent developments have shown the very
    basis of this mathematical trick to be invalid." "Dirac's complete
    equation, however, describes a quantum spinor field, which has as
    solutions four different kinds of electrons:
    electrons and positrons of positive energy, and electrons and
    positrons of negative energy." [D. L. Hotson, "Dirac's Equation and
    the Sea of Negative Energy, Part I, New Energy,
    Issue 43, 2002, pp. 1-20.]

    Indeed, Dirac got his positron with a sleight of hand bit of
    trickery. The "hole" itself has negative mass energy. If the hole
    (altered vacuum) movesaway and is replaced by a filled
    hole (normal vacuum), the CHANGE that will be observed is positive
    -- in short, a positron change. That is not the hole at all, but is
    the change resulting from the replacement
    of the empty hole by a filled hole. The (-1) negative energy of the
    hole increased by (+1) to get back to (0) (a filled hole).
    Identifying the (-1) hole as a (+1)replacement by a filled
    hole falsely assumes that 0 - 1 = +1, a violation of simple arithmetic.

    Quoting Dirac (who hated negative energy) himself, where E = energy:

    "One gets over the difficulty on the classical theory by arbitrarily
    excluding those solutions that have a negative E. One cannot do this
    in the quantum theory, since in general a
    perturbation will cause transitions from states with E positive to
    states with E negative." [Dirac, Proceedings of the Royal Society A,
    Vol. 117, p. 610.]

    Not only Dirac, but most other scientists also hated negative
    energy, and so they were determined to get rid of it at whatever costs.

    Quoting Farmelo:

    "Dirac. proposed that, if a negative-energy electron were for some
    reason 'displaced', experimenters should be able to observe it as a
    positive-energy particle with a positive
    charge. (The empty space will have become less negative, and
    therefore more positive.) At first, he identified these holes as
    protons, but by 1931 he had changed his mind and come
    to a much more radical conclusion: 'A hole, if there was one, would
    be a new kind of elementary particle, unknown to experimental
    physics, having the same mass and opposite
    charge to the electron.' ". [Graham Farmelo, "Pipped to the
    positron," New Scientist, 10 Aug. 2002, p. 48-49. Quote is from p. 48.]

    In other words, if you FILL the hole, the filling process will
    appear to be a positron appearance. But a FILLED hole and an empty
    hole are not at all the same thing, and
    assuming they are is a false assumption.

    I will tell you that most of this stuff with negative energy (and
    also antigravity) is also "old hat" for several decades now to
    several nations who have developed and deployed (in great secrecy)
    negative energy EMP weapons among other things. The Russian scientists
    have known all about negative energy since shortly after WW II, and
    they are probably the most knowledgeable in it today as well.

    Several persons have been able to activate barium ferrite magnets
    where the activation lasted for several hours or in a few cases even
    six weeks. While activated, they had the successful mechanism of a
    Sweet VTA operating. But so far as I'm aware, no one else (at
    least in the open community) except Sweet has been able to get
    extremely long and enduring activation (self-oscillation of the
    negative binding energy of the barium nucleus).

    Yours truly,

    Tom Bearden

    /In a follow-up email.........Tom Bearden clarifies further:/

    From: "Tom Bearden" <[email protected]>
    To: "'Leslie R. Pastor'" <[email protected]>
    Sent: Tuesday, October 02, 2007 11:15 AM
    Subject: RE: [Sweet-VTA] Re: VTA Development

    No Problem!

    John is telling it like it happened. He actually got Sparky started,
    and helped him immensely -- with work, parts, and even protection.
    All completely true. And John did
    save Sparky's life, just as he stated. And John is indeed the one
    who introduced me to Sparky, and arranged for me to meet him and
    work with him as I could.

    In my opinion, John Bedini is the only man living who really knows
    exactly how Sparky activated his magnets. And who can probably do
    it. And the "backers" and other folks
    who cluttered around Sparky were responsible for excluding Bedini,
    because in their view John knew exactly how the beast worked and how
    to make it.

    John Bedini has forgotten more crucial knowledge of strange circuits
    and overunity power systems than most people will know in ten
    lifetimes. And he's simply the best there is out
    there, to my knowledge and in my opinion. I do expect to see working
    Bedini units on the market soon, and am looking forward to it with
    great hopes. John just may be the man
    who saves the U.S. from a catastrophic economic collapse over the
    escalating oil crisis and energy problem.

    Best wishes,

    Tom

    http://physics.nad.ru/engboard/messages/1657.html
    http://www.ssrsi.org/sr2/Heat/fed.htm
    http://www.gopetition.com/petitions/time-for-an-energy-renaissance.html
    http://merlib.org/node/5282

    A Practical Guide To Free Energy Devices
    http://www.panaceauniversity.org/D5.pdf
    "http://peswiki.com/index.php/Site:LRP:Tom_Bearden/Sweet_VTA_Development"

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ...

    ...

------------------------------------------------------------------------



****Your Support Maintains This Service --

***BUY* ****
****
****TheRex Research <http://www.rexresearch.com/1index.htm> Civilization 
Kit ****

****... It's Your Best Bet & Investment in Sustainable Humanity on Earth 
... **** ****
Ensure & Enhance Your Survival & Genome Transmission ...****
****Everything @ rexresearch <http://www.rexresearch.com/index.htm>.com 
on a Data DVD ! ****

****<< USA / Canada : $ 13 Postpaid // Foreign : $18 Postpaid >>****

Price


Rex Research <http://www.rexresearch.com/1index.htm>, POB 19250, Jean, 
NV 89019 USA

------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROMOTED STORIES

  * 18 Chilling Photos of Most Legendary People In History LifeDaily
    <http://www.lifedaily.com/18-enchanting-photos-of-amazing-people-through-history/#utm_medium=referral&utm_source=outbrain&utm_term=5419792&utm_campaign=OB-AmazingPeople>

  * 22 Child Stars Who You Won't Recognize Today Fame10
    <http://www.fame10.com/entertainment/9-most-shocking-child-star-transformations/?utm_content=148efc&utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=outbrain&utm_campaign=FT_OBN_US_DESK&cus_widget=5419792&utm_content=single_article>

  * This guys saw his Microsoft coworkers struggle to manage their
    money, and it gave him the idea for a $150 million app Business &
    Finance News - Yahoo! Finance
    <http://finance.yahoo.com/news/guy-saw-microsoft-coworkers-struggle-150622249.html?utm_source=OutBrain&utm_medium=Content&utm_campaign=Content_OutBrain_YahooFinance-150MMAppIdea>

  * This May End Up Being A Very Short Marriage… Sharedable
    <http://sharedable.com/hilarious-wedding-moments-captured?utm_subid=33005&utm_campaign=3876&utm_source=outbrainsafe&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=5419792>


  * How To: Fix Visible Veins Beverly Hills MD
    <http://beverlyhills-md.com/cmd.php?ad=799961>
  * How To: Fix Crepey Skin [Watch] Beverly Hills MD
    <http://beverlyhills-md.com/cmd.php?ad=765085>
  * You Won't Believe What Honey Boo Boo Looks Like Now PressroomVIP
    <http://www.pressroomvip.com/g/what-does-honey-boo-boo-look-like-now/?ipp=1&utm_source=outbrain&utm_medium=HoneyBooBooUSDesktop&utm_campaign=HoneyBooBoo&utm_content=5419792>

  * Recent Research Suggests It May Be Possible to Reverse Mitochondrial
    Decay Elysium Health on Fast Company
    <https://www.fastcoexist.com/3041800/one-of-the-worlds-top-aging-researchers-has-a-pill-to-keep-you-feeling-young>


Recommended by<http://www.outbrain.com/what-is/default/en>


    Popular Pages

  * Home <http://rexresearch.com/>


    Quick Links

  * Home <http://rexresearch.com/>
  * Main Index <http://rexresearch.com/1index.htm>

------------------------------------------------------------------------
© 2016 rexresearch.com - All rights reserved.

  * Privacy Policy <http://rexresearch.com/privacy.html>

Rex Research <http://rexresearch.com/>


  Rex Research <http://rexresearch.com/>

	


	

  * Home <http://rexresearch.com/>
  * Main Index <http://rexresearch.com/1index.htm>

    **
    *rexresearch.com <http://rexresearch.com/index.htm>*
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------


    *Floyd A. SWEET*

    *Space Quanta Magnifier*
    *(Vacuum Triode Amplifier)

    *

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------




    ------------------------------------------------------------------------


    *
    Floyd A. "Sparky" Sweet*

    *Contents*

    *(1) F. Sweet : Nothing is Something...*
    *(2) F. Sweet & T. Bearden : Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to
    Tap Vacuum Energy*
    *(3) W. Rosenthal : Floyd Sweet's VTA*
    *(4) Notes*
    *(5) Diagrams, Photographs & Video*
    *(6) Jerry Decker : A Possible Key to the VTA*
    *(7) Letter : T. Bearden to Dr Jon Noring*
    *(8) T. Bearden : Progress report on the Sweet Vacuum Triode*

    *Special thanks to: Jerry Decker/KeelyNet,  J.L. Naudin, Tom Bearden
    & Walt Rosenthal*
    *Discussion Group: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Sweet_VTA*

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------


    *Nothing Is Something:*
    *The Theory and Operation of a Phase-Conjugated Vacuum Triode*

    by
    *
    Floyd A. "Sparky" Sweet*

    (June 24th, 1988)

    *[ Source: http://jnaudin.free.fr ]*

    *Theoretical Overview*

    /Nothing/, on the cosmological scale, is virtually everything. It is
    the home of all the invisible fields, rippling with the activity of
    every real force. Every kind of matter produces a field, the field
    all mesh in complex ways, often causing interference with other
    fields. Fields are the "stuff" of the virtual vacuum. A light
    particle is nothing more than a large interference in the
    electromagnetic field. Apart from interaction with matter of other
    fields a field will not be changed in the vacuum. It will not go
    away; it cannot. Fields are a fundamental part of the vacuum
    structure itself. Fields in their most quiescent state form the
    virtual vacuum itself. Even when everything that can be removed from
    a vacuum has been removed, the Higgs field remains. `"Imagine the
    entire universe permeated with a constant magnetic field". One need
    not imagine, for it is true. It is clear from experimentation that
    certain results appear that are not explainable without the presence
    of a field. The field consists of an infinite number of
    one-dimensional North and South poles in an incoherent state-
    incoherent due to the presence of a multitude of other interfering
    fields formed by other North and South poles, or particles or
    quanta. Thus the virtual vacuum is far from empty, far from nothing,
    it is rather seething with potential energy as the primordial
    powerhouse of everything in the universe.

    PROMOTED STORIES

      * 20 Prom Dresses No Teen Should Be Wearing The Stir
        <http://thestir.cafemom.com/tweens_teens/184065/14_prom_dresses_no_teen?utm_medium=sem2&utm_source=outbrain-pvs&utm_campaign=outbrain_pvs&utm_content=%7Bsite%7D>

      * These Celebrities Died Without Anyone Knowing OK! Celeb
        <http://okceleb.com/celebrities-you-didnt-know-passed-away/?utm_campaign=ok-desk-us-passed03&utm_medium=5419792&utm_source=outbrain&utm_content=1d21a2>

      * If You Don't Want to Look Older, Add These 10 Things to Your
        Routine! factfalcon
        <http://factfalcon.com/makeup-tricks-to-shed-years-off-your-face/?utm_source=outbrain&utm_medium=referral&utm_term=5419792&utm_campaign=22makeup3>


      * Hillary is ready to take on the NRA. Say you're with her. Paid
        for Hillary Victory Fund, hillaryclinton.com/go
        <https://www.hillaryclinton.com/forms/om-hvf-end-gun-violence/?utm_medium=om2016&utm_source=ob&utm_campaign=lb-gunviolence&utm_content=46488740>

      * How To: Fix Crepey Skin [Watch] Beverly Hills MD
        <http://beverlyhills-md.com/cmd.php?ad=765085>
      * This Is The Before Photo, You Won't Believe The After HGTV
        <http://www.hgtv.com/shows/fixer-upper/fixer-upper-tackling-the-beast-pictures?c1=OB_DGTL_HGTV_Shows&c2=Outbrain&c3=HGTV_Shows_%7Borigsrcid%7D&c4=%7Bdoc_id%7D>


    Recommended by<http://www.outbrain.com/what-is/default/en>

    As postulated by Einstein in his famous equation E = MC^2 , energy
    is a kind of matter. So even the energy of distant starlight must be
    accounted for in any holistic view of physical reality. The vacuum
    itself is literally popping with virtual particles that appear and
    disappear in the field during instants too brief to be measured.
    Virtual particles with lifetimes or dwelltimes too short for the
    name "particles" to be appropriate. As a result the generated fields
    are always in some state of flux. However, under the influence of a
    generated Motional Electromagnetic field parts of the normally
    chaotic virtual field break off from randomness and form a more
    coherent region. This region consists of a structured portion of the
    spacetime continuum which by its very nature seems to attract more
    virtual particles (This increase in particle density has been
    verified by lab experiments conducted the week of June 19, 1988).
    This higher concentration of particles develops a warping of the
    spacetime continuum where negative energy is produced in abundance.
    The existence of this condition via direct engineering of the
    virtual state allows for the safe generation of electrical energy.
    This condition, in essence, forms the underlying principle of
    operation of the Phase-Conjugated Vacuum Triode. This device,
    however, produces negative energy which is the reverse of the
    conventional positive energy generated by all devices in service
    today. The arc generated by a short-circuit in a negative energy
    system is excessively bright and cold, producing barely an audible
    hiss with no explosive force. Melting of conductors does not occur
    and this type of negative current passes through the human body with
    only the feeling of a chill. Conductors remain cool under load while
    only tiny cross-sectional areas of copper are required to convey
    many hundreds of watts of power. Although all of this seems nearly
    unbelievable, only what has been demonstrated in the laboratory has
    been described in this paper. The source of energy is unlimited, the
    virtual vacuum of space itself structured by a motional
    electromagnetic field is the powerhouse.

    *The Nature of Space*

    Space itself is the ability to accommodate energy. Consider for a
    moment the following illustration: A signal (energy) is transmitted
    from point A to point B. A and B are separated by a finite distance.
    Consider three periods of time:

    1) The signal is launched from A.
    2) The signal resides in the space between A and B.
    3) The signal arrives at B.

    If (3) occurs simultaneously with (1) we say that the signal has
    traveled at infinite velocity. The signal has never resided in the
    intervening space and therefore _there exists no space between A and
    B_. A is virtually at the same point in space as B. For real space
    to exist between A and B it is necessary that a signal travelling
    between them be "lost" with reference to both points for a finite
    period of time.

    Now we know that for real space to exist between two points a signal
    travelling between them will propagate at a finite velocity . If a
    signal will not travel between two points, as in the case when c =
    0, then we can also conclude that there is no link or intervening
    space between them. We have no means of detecting either an infinite
    velocity-supporting space or zero-velocity space, so they do not
    exist as usable scientific concepts. If space cannot accommodate a
    signal it has no function and no reality. We are left then with the
    only real space, the home of the real and virtual vacuum. Space
    which supports a finite, nonzero velocity where .

    The above discussion dealt with a definition of space and the
    propagation velocity it will support. A similar argument applies to
    the impedance of space. A medium can only accommodate positive
    energy if the medium resists it to a reasonable degree. Neither an
    infinitely strong spring nor an infinitely weak one can absorb or
    accommodate energy by being compressed. Neither an infinitely large
    mass nor an infinitely light mass can absorb or accommodate energy
    imparted by collision. The same holds true for space. Energy cannot
    enter space of zero impedance (i.e; ) any more than a force can bear
    on a mass of zero magnitude. Similarly, energy could not enter space
    of infinite impedance. It follows therefore, that necessary
    properties of real space are:

    1) finite propagation velocity
    2) finite impedance.

    Continuing our discussion of space and the values of c, Z_o , µ, we
    take as given that real space sustains non-zero finite impedance and
    velocity as follows:

    where: µ and are characteristics of a unit volume.

    As yet we have not arrived at volume, which implies real space. At
    this point in our discussion we have merely described c and Z_o .
    Therefore, we can only define µ and in terms of them. Algebraically
    it can be shown that:

    Although we have said that the fundamental characteristics of space
    are c and Z_o , perhaps it is better to say that they are t and Z_o
    , where t is the time delay through a finite segment of space
    replacing c, the velocity through that segment. It is profitable to
    move away from the idea of constant velocity c travelling through
    space which leads one to conceptualization of a segment of space
    which traversed in 1 nanosecond (nsec) is 1 foot long. If one starts
    with a conceptual frame in which space is in terms of t, a segment
    of space can easily be though of as 1 nsec wide, and the energy
    entering it appears leaving it 1 nsec later. Subsidiary concepts of
    length and velocity can then be deduced as needed. We could
    alternately say that space was (a) 1 foot wide with a propagation
    velocity of 1 foot/nsec, or (b) 2 feet wide with a velocity of 2
    feet/nsec. Fundamental to the proposed world view is the reality
    that no experiment could help us decide between (a) and (b). The
    essence of space is time, not distance, and only one propagation
    velocity () is possible through a segment of space. Thus, time
    through a segment is
    intimately related to the length of the segment. Propagation which
    is not at the speed of light cannot exist according to this world view.

    *General Description of Energy Transfer*

    Consider energy, flowing straight and level down the proximity of a
    transmission line. The energy does not know the width of the channel
    through which it is passing. If the energy reaches a point where the
    dielectric changes (but not the geometry), some of it will continue
    on and some of it will reflect. If the energy reaches a change in
    the width of the transmission line some will reflect and some will
    continue as well. The energy current will not know whether:

    (a) the dielectric is changing, or
    (b) the geometry is changing.

    Energy current does not have directional inertia, so that (a) is
    equivalent to (b). Energy current _does_ have an aspect ratio. If
    the aspect ratio is forced to change, some of the flowing energy
    will reflect in order to assure that its _total_ aspect ratio
    remains constant. Crudely, the aspect ratio is similar to the ratio
    of E to H, or the same as the ratio of to µ. The aspect ratio of
    energy current is much like the aspect ratio of space. While the
    aspect ratio of space can change, it fundamental velocity cannot
    really change. This parameter becomes merely our way of
    conceptualizing time delay when energy resides in a region of space.


    A /B = Aspect Ratio

    Uniform space has only two parameters:

    1) aspect ratio
    2) time delay.

    Aspect ratio defines the shape of energy entering a given region of
    space, but not its amplitude. Velocity or length define the time
    during which the properly shaped energy can be accommodated by a
    region of space. Aspect ratio is really a definition of the relative
    compatibility of adjacent regions of space. Does flowing energy
    current largely travel unimpeded through an interface, or does it
    largely reflect at the interface? Space has quiet zones through
    which energy glides virtually unreflected. There are also noisy
    zones where energy current becomes incoherent, bounces about and
    splits apart. Noisy zones in space have either rapidly changing
    geometry or rapidly changing impedance ().

    *Electromagnetic Energy*

    The rate of flow of energy through a surface can be calculated as a
    function of E and H. Specifically this flow is equivalent to E*.*H
    per unit area. This energy flows at the speed of light through a
    medium where . E and H are in quadrature and are normal to the
    direction of the energy flow. The energy density is therefore:
    E*.*H/c. If two signals of equal magnitude (assume E/2 & H/2) are
    travelling through each other in opposite directions the energy
    density is calculated as follows:

    If the directions of the two signals are such that opposite H-fields
    cancel and E-fields add, an apparently steady E-field will be
    created. The energy density of the fields remain as calculated
    above, but the value of the E-field will double from E/2 to E. It is
    a simple matter using the equations and for a team wave to get rid
    of H and c and so convert the first equation into the well known
    equation for energy density in the so-called electrostatic field:

    Similarly, if two signals flow through each other in such a way as
    to give the appearance of a steady magnetic field as a result of
    their E-field canceling it is easily shown using the above equations
    to cancel out H and c so that:

    Modern physics is based upon the faulty assumption that
    electromagnetics contains two kinds of energy: electric and
    magnetic. This assumption leads to a Baroque view of physical
    reality. Under that view energy seems to be associated with the
    square of the field intensity rather than a more reasonable view
    that it is linearly proportional to field intensity. It is worth
    remembering that neither Einstein nor most modern physicists were or
    are familiar with the concept of energy currents described herein.
    However, their work still survives by ignoring the energy current
    concept, scalar electromagnetics, the works of T. E. Bearden,
    Kaluza-Klein, and others who dispute Heaviside's interpretations of
    Maxwell's equations.

    *The Fallacy of Displacement Current*

    Conventional electromagnetic theory proposes that when an electric
    current flows down a wire into a capacitor it spreads out across the
    plate, producing an electric charge on the plate which in turn leads
    to an electric field between the capacitor plates. The valuable
    concept of continuity is then retained by postulating "after
    Maxwell" a displacement current. This current is a manipulation of
    the electric field (E) between the capacitor plates which has the
    dimensions of electric current and completes the flow of electricity
    in the circuit. This approach permits us to retain Kirchoff's laws
    and other valuable concepts even though superficially it appears
    that at the capacitor there is a break in the continuous flow of
    electric current. The flaw in this model appears when we notice that
    the current entered the capacitor at only one point on the capacitor
    plate. We then are left with the major difficulty of explaining how
    the electric charge flowing down the wire suddenly distributes
    itself uniformly across the entire capacitor plate, at a velocity in
    excess of the speed of light. This paradoxical situation is created
    by a flaw in the basic model. Work in high speed logic conducted by
    Ivor Catt has shown that the model of lumped capacitance is faulty
    and displacement current is an artifact of the faulty model. Since
    any capacitor behaves similarly to a transmission line it is no more
    necessary to postulate a displacement current for the capacitor than
    it is necessary to do so for a transmission line. The excision of
    "displacement current" from electromagnetic theory has been based on
    arguments which are independent of the classic dispute over whether
    the electric current causes the electromagnetic field, or vice versa.

    *The Motional E-Field*

    Of all the known fields --- electric, magnetic, gravitational and
    motional E-field --- the only ones incapable of being shielded are
    the induced motional E-field and the gravitational field. The nature
    of the motionally induced electric field is quite unique; in order
    understand it more fully we must start by parting with a few
    misleading paradigms. When magnetic flux is moved perpendicularly
    across a conductor an electromotive force (emf) is
    electromagnetically induced "within'' the conductor. "Within" is an
    artifact of the commonly used analogy comparing the flow of electric
    current within a wire to the flow of water within a pipe. This is a
    most misleading model theoretically. The true phenomenon taking
    place has little been thought of as involving the production of a
    spatially distributed electric field. We can see that the model's
    origins likely arose from the operation called "flux cutting", a
    most deceiving and misleading term. A better term, "time varying
    flux modulation", does not imply any separation of lines of flux.
    Truly, lines of flux are always in closure upon themselves and are
    mathematically expressed as line integrals. It is fallacious to use
    the term "cutting", which implies time varying separation which does
    not in fact ever occur. A motionally induced E-field is actually
    created within the space occupied by the moving magnetic flux
    described above. This field is present therein, whether or not a
    conductor is present in the space. In terms of a definition we can
    say that, when magnetic flux of vector intensity moved across a
    region of space with vector velocity, electromagnetically induced
    electric field vector BxV appears in the space at right angles to
    both and. Therefore,

    (1)

    It is this field that is related to gravity, it is virtually
    unshieldable. This field may be called the Motional E-field.
    According to T.E. Bearden, "It seems that the charged particles in
    the atom (electrons and protons) act like tiny magnets. Their motion
    in the space surrounding the atom would create this motional
    E-field". The field created by both the positive and negative
    charges would cancel to some degree, but due to the high orbital
    velocity of the negative electron relative to that of the positive
    proton the induced field of the electron should dominate the
    resulting field. The field produced as a result of these charges
    would vary proportionally to the inverse square of distance similar
    to gravity. The field produced by the translational motion of the
    charges would vary inversely as the cube of distance. This concept
    totally unites the electromagnetic and gravitational field theories
    and accounts for the strong and weak forces within the atom.

    *Field Super-Position & The Vacuum Triode*

    Electromagnetic induction with no measurable magnetic field is not
    new. It is well known that in the space surrounding a properly wound
    toroidal coil there is no magnetic field. This is due to the
    superposition of the fields. However, when alternating current is
    surging through a transformer an electric field surrounds it. When
    we apply the principle of superposition to the vacuum triode it
    becomes more obvious how the device is in fact operating.

    The principle of superposition states that "In order to calculate
    the resultant intensity of superimposed fields, each field must be
    dealt with individually as though the other were not present". The
    resultant is obtained by vector addition of each field considered
    singularly. Consider for a moment the construction of the triode
    which includes the bifilar coils located within the fields of the
    two conditioned magnets. When the current in one half of the
    conductors in the coils (i.e., one of the bifilar elements in each
    coil) of the device is moving up, both the current and the magnetic
    field follow the right-hand rule. The resultant motional E-field
    would be vertical to both and inwardly directed. At the same time
    the current in the other half of the conductors in the coils is
    moving down and both the current and magnetic field follow the
    right-hand rule. The resulting motion E-field is again vertical to
    both and inwardly directed. Thus, the resultant field intensity is
    double the intensity attributable to either one of the set of coil
    conductors taken singularly. Expressed mathematically;

    where:

        (2) 


    The first term in the equation represents the flow of the magnetic
    field when the electrons are moving in one direction, while the
    second term defines the flow of the magnetic field when the
    electrons are moving in the other direction. These measurements
    indicate that field intensity is directly proportional to the square
    of the current required by the load placed on the device. This is
    due to its proportional relationship with the virtual value of the
    magnetic field which theory states is proportional to the current.
    Electrometer readings were always close to parabolic, thus
    indicating that the source was of infinite capacity. It was further
    determined through experiment that the magnetic field does not
    change with temperature. Also, there is no reason yet identified
    which would lead one to believe that electron drift velocity
    changes. It has been found remarkable that the vacuum triode runs
    approximately 20°F below ambient.

    *Induced Electromotive Force: Positive Energy*

    When an emf. is impressed on a closed metallic circuit, current
    results. The emf along a closed path C in space is defined as the
    work per unit charge (W/Q) done by the electromagnetic fields on a
    small test charge moved along path C. Since work is the line
    integral of force (F), the work per unit charge is the line integral
    of force per unit charge. Letting F/Q denote the vector
    electromagnetic force per unit charge (in newtons per coulomb) we have

    (3)

    The scalar product (F/Q) dtdl is the product of (F/Q) * cos dl with
    denoting the angle between vectors F/Q and dl.

    The electric force per unit charge is the electric field intensity
    (E) in volts/meter. The magnetic force per unit charge is V x B
    where V denotes the velocity of the test charge in meters per second
    and B denotes the magnetic flux density in webers/M^2 . In terms of
    the smaller angle between V and B, the cross product of V and B is a
    vector having the magnitude VB sin. The direction of vector VxB is
    normal to the plane which contains vectors V and B in accordance
    with the right-hand rule (i.e., VxB is in the direction of the thumb
    while the fingers curl through the angle from V toward B). Since the
    total force per unit charge is E + VB the total emf in terms of the
    fields is:

    (4)

    It appears from eq. (4) that the emf depends on the forward velocity
    with which the test charge is moved along the path C. This, however,
    is not the case. If V and dl in eq. (4) have the same direction then
    their associated scalar product is zero. Thus, only the component of
    V which is not in-line with dl (i.e. = 0) can contribute to the
    emf.. This component has value only if the differential path length
    dl has a sideways motion. Thus, V in eq. (4) represents the sideways
    motion, if any, of dl. The fields E and B in eq.(4) could well be
    represented as functions of time as well as functions of the space
    coordinates. In addition, the velocity V of each differential path
    length dl may vary with time. However, eq. (4) correctly expresses
    the emf or voltage drop along path C as a function of time. That
    component of the emf consisting of the line integral V x B is the
    motional E-field since it has value ony when path C is moving
    through a magnetic field, traversing lines of magnetic flux. For
    stationary paths there is no motional E-field and the voltage drop
    is simply the integral of the electric field E. Emfs are generated
    by devices that separate charge. A familiar example is the battery
    which utilizes chemical forces to separate charge. Other examples
    include the heating of a thermocouple, exposure of a photovoltaic
    cell to incident light, or the rubbing together of different
    materials (electrostatic charge separation). Electric fields are
    also produced by time varying magnetic fields. This principle is
    extensively exploited to produce conventional electric power in the
    utility industry.

    The line integral of electric field intensity E around any closed
    path C equals -d/dt, with representing the magnetic flux over any
    surface S having the closed path C as its contour. The positive side
    of the surface S and the direction of the line integral  around
    contour C are related by the right-hand rule (the curled fingers are
    oriented so as to point around the loop in the direction of the
    integration and the extended thumb points out the positive side of
    the surface S.) The magnetic flux is the surface integral of
    magnetic flux density B as shown below:

    (5)

    In eq. (5) the vector differential surface ds has an area of ds and
    is directionally normal to the plane of ds out of the positive side.
    The partial time derivative of is defined as:

    (6)

    This is referred to as the _magnetic current_ through surface S. For
    moving surface S the limits of the surface integral in eq. (6) are
    functions of time but the equation is still applicable. It is
    important to clarify at this point that when we evaluate the value
    of d/dt over a surface that is moving in the proximity of magnetic
    field activity _we treat the surface for the instant under
    consideration as though it were stationary_. The partial time
    derivative ofis the time rate of change of flux through surface S
    due only to a changing magnetic field density B. Any increase ofdue
    to the motion of the surface in the B-field is _not_ included in
    that calculation.

    Continuing this discussion leads us to note that an electric field
    must be present in any region containing a time varying magnetic
    field. This is shown by eq. (7) displayed below:

    (7)

    In this equation is the magnetic flux in webers out of the positive
    side of any surface having path C as its contour. Combining eq. (7)
    above with eq. (4) we are able to calculate the emf about a closed
    path C. This is shown below:

    (8)

    and in another form

    (9)

    Thus, the emf around a closed path consists in general of two
    components. The component d/dt is the variational emf and the second
    component is the motional E-field. In eq.(9) (V x B)dl can be means
    of a vector identity be replaced with B*(V x dl)A. V is the sideways
    velocity of dl, the vector Vxdl has magnitude Vdl and a direction
    normal to the surface ds swept out by moving length dl in time d.
    Letting B_n denote the component of B normal to this area we can see
    that -B*(v x dl) becomes -B_n Vdl and eq.(9) can be rewritten as:

    (10)

    Clearly, the integral of B_n V around the closed contour C with
    sideways velocity of magnitude V for each length dl traversed is
    simply the time rate of change of the magnetic flux through the
    surface bounded by C. This change is due directly to the passage of
    path C through lines of magnetic flux. Hence, the complete
    expression of emf above in eq.(10) is the time rate of change of the
    magnetic flux over any surface S bounded by the closed path C, due
    to the changing magnetic field and the movement of the path through
    the magnetic field. eq.(10) may be written:

    (11)

    /Note/: The only difference between eq.(7) and eq.(11) is that
    eq.(7) contains only the variational emf while eq.(11) is the sum of
    the variational and motional emf's. In eq.(7) the partial time
    derivative of magnetic fluxis the rate of flux change due only to
    the time varying magnetic field while eq.(11) includes the total
    time derivative of the rate of flux change due to the time varying
    magnetic field and path C's passage through the magnetic field. If
    the closed path C is not passing through lines of magnetic flux then
    eq.(7) and eq.(11) are equivalent.

    It is also important to point out that d/dt in eq.(11) does not
    necessarily mean the total time rate of change of the fluxover the
    surface S. For example, the flux over surface S is bounded by the
    closed contour C of the left portion of the electric circuit shown
    in Figure 1. The flux is

    changing as the coil is unwound by the rotation of the cylinder as
    illustrated. However, since B is static there is no variational emf
    and since the conductors are not modulating lines of flux there is
    no motional emf. Thus, d/dt in eq.(11) is zero even the flux is
    changing with time. Note that d/dt was defined as representing the
    right hand part of the expression in e.(10) and d/dt must not be
    more broadly interpreted.

    In the application of the presented equations it is required that
    one refer all flux densities and movements to a single specified
    coordinate system. In particular, the velocities will all be with
    respect to this system alone and not interpreted as relative
    velocities between conductors or moving lines of flux. The
    coordinate system is arbitrarily selected and the magnitudes of
    variational and motional fields depend upon the selection.

    *Example #1*

    A fundamental electric generator is shown in Figure 2. The parallel
    stationary conductors separated by distance l have a moving
    conductor connected to across them.

    The circuit is completed by a moving conductor connected to the
    parallel conductors by means of two sliding taps. This conductor is
    located at y = 0 when time t = 0, and moves to the right at a
    constant velocity V = Vay. The applied flux B is represented by dots
    on Figure 2 and has a magnitude that equals B = B_o cosB_y cos wt
    ax. The unit vectors in the directions of the respective coordinate
    axes are ax, ay, and az.

    /Solution/: Let S denote the plane rectangular surface bounded by
    the closed electric circuit, with a positive side selected as the
    side facing the reader. The counterclockwise emf around the circuit
    is d/dt with signifying the magnetic flux out of the positive side
    of S (As ds = 1 dy ax). The scalar product B*ds is B_o l cos B_y ,
    cost dy; integrating from y = 0 to y = y gives:

    (12)

    with y_1 denoting the instantaneous y position of the moving wire.
    The counterclockwise emf is found by replacing y with vt and
    evaluating d/dt. The result is

    (13)

    The variational (transformer) component is which is determined with
    aid of eq.(12) to bewhere y = vt. This is the first component on the
    right side of eq.(13).

    /Note/: y_1 was treated as a constant when evaluating the partial
    time derivative of.

    The motional E-field is the line integral of V x B along the path of
    the moving conductor. As V x B is and As dl is dz ax evaluation of
    the integral of/dz/ from Z = 0 to Z = 1 results in a motional E-field of

    This component results from modulation of the lines of flux by the
    moving conductor. If the voltmeter draws no current, there can be no
    electromagnetic force on the free electrons of the wire. Therefore,
    the emf along the path of the metal conductors including the moving
    conductor is zero.

    *Example #2*

    Suppose the conductor with the sliding taps is stationary (V = 0)
    and it is located at y = y_1 . Also suppose the magnetic field B is
    produced by a system of moving conductors not shown in Figure 2
    which are travelling with a constant velocity V = Vay . At time t =
    0 the magnetic field B is Bo sinBy ax. Determine the voltage across
    the voltmeter.

    /Solution/: There is no motional E-field because the conductors in
    Figure 2 are at rest (stationary) with respect to our selected
    coordinate system. However, the magnetic field at points fixed with
    respect to the coordinate system is changing with time and as a
    result there is a variational e.m.f. Since the B-field at t = 0 is B
    0 sinBy ax and has a velocity of V = Vay it can be calculated that
    the B-field as a function of time is B_o sin [B(y-vt)] ax. This is
    verified by noting that an observer located at y at time t = 0 who
    is travelling at the constant velocity (V = Vay) of the moving
    current would have a y coordinate of y = y + Vt and an accordingly
    different expression for B. He would observe a constant field where
    the magnetic current density is:

    The counterclockwise emf can be arrived at by taking the negative of
    an integral of the above expression for the rectangular surface
    bounded by the electric circuit with the positive side facing the
    reader with the limits of zero and y. The resulting emf equals:

    which is the voltage across the meter.

    *Induced Motional Field: Negative Energy*

    Conventional theory says that electric fields and magnetic fields
    are different things. Consider for a moment a charge with an
    electric field around it. If the charge is moved a magnetic field
    develops and the moving charge constitutes a current. If an observer
    were to move along with the charge, he would see no relative motion,
    no current, and no magnetic field. A stationary observer would see
    motion, current and a magnetic field. It would appear that a
    magnetic field is an electric field observed from a motional
    reference frame. Similarly, if we take a mass with a gravity field
    around it and we move the mass and create a mass current, a new
    field is also created. It is a different kind of gravity field with
    no source and no sink. It is called the Protational field also known
    as the "Lense-Thirring Effect". This field an its governing
    principles will form the basis for future anti-gravity devices.

    Within the confined area of the Vacuum Triode box, the spacetime
    continuum is reversed by the fields that are produced in the
    presence of excited coherent space flux quanta. These quanta have
    been attracted from and ultimately extracted from the virtual
    vacuum, the infinitely non-exhaustible Dirac Sea. For a more
    detailed mathematical format see Appendix A, a paper on "The Phase
    Conjugate Vacuum Triode" by T.E. Bearden, April 23, 1987. Much of
    the theory which likely applies to the vacuum triode has been
    developed in the field of phase conjugate optics.

    With regards to over-unity phenomena it is important to note that so
    long as positive energy is present in a positive/flowing time regime
    unity and over-unity power gains are not possible. The summation of
    the losses due to resistance, impedance, friction, magnetic
    hysteresis and eddy currents and windage losses of rotating
    machinery will always reduce overall efficiency below unity for a
    closed system. The laws of conservation of energy always apply to
    all systems. However, the induced motional E-field changes the
    system upon which those laws need be applied. Since the vacuum
    triode operates in dimensions more than four and provides a line
    between the multi-dimensional reality of the quantum state and a
    link between Dirac Sea we are now dealing with an open-ended system,
    not the closed system within which all conservation and
    thermodynamic laws were developed. To achieve unity, the summation
    of all magnetic and ohmic losses must equal zero. To achieve this
    state negative energy and resistance moves to zero and all energy
    flows along the outside of conductors in the form of a special space
    field. Negative energy is fully capable of lighting incandescent
    lights, running motors, and performing all of the functions of
    positive energy tested to date. When run in parallel with positive
    energy however, cancellation (annihilation) of opposing power types
    occurs. This has been fully tested in the laboratory.

    Once unity has been achieved and the gate to the Dirac Sea opened,
    over-unity is affected by loading the open gate more and more which
    opens it further to the point where direct communication/interaction
    with the nucleus of the atom itself is achieved. Output of the
    vacuum triode is not proportional to the excitation input as the
    output produced by the device is directly proportional to the load
    which is placed upon it. That load is the only dependent variable
    for device output. The triode's output voltage and frequency always
    remains constant due to the conditioning of the motional E-field in
    the permanent magnets and the small regulated excitation signal
    which is provided through a small oscillator. Regulation remains
    constant, output locks into an in-phase condition (cos = 1 Kvar = 1)
    under all load characteristics.

    The vacuum triode is a solid state device consisting of conditioned
    permanent magnets capable of producing a motional field. This field
    opens the gate to the Dirac Sea where negative energy is able to
    flow from an into the triode's receiving coils. The coils are very
    small diameter copper wire but are capable of producing in excess of
    5 kilowatts of useful power; this in itself is a clear indicator
    that the type of electrical energy provided by the device is not
    conventional. The wire sizes employed by the device would not be
    capable of carrying such large currents without excessive heat gain,
    however, the triode's coils actually run cooler when loaded at 5 kW.

    The fundamental magnets have been broken free of their binding
    forces which constrained them to be steadystate single pole uniform
    magnetic flux devices. They are now able to simply support mass, as
    demonstrated with the transformer steel illustration. They can now
    easily be made to adopt a dynamic motional field by applying a tiny
    amount of excitation. Specifically, 10V @ 1 mA (10 mW) of excitation
    at 60 Hz. will enable the coils of the triode to receive from the
    Dirac Sea in excess of 5000 watts of usable negative energy; how
    much more can safely be removed has not yet been determined.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /
    Proc. 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference/
    (August 4-9, 1991, Boston, MA):

    *Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy*

    by
    *Floyd Sweet*
    (Association of Distinguished American Scientists)

    *Thomas E. Bearden*
    (Association of Distinguished American Scientists)

    *Abstract*

    Based on E.T. Whittaker's previously unnoticed 1903-1904 papers
    which established a hidden bidirectional EM wave structure in a
    standing forcefield free scalar potential, a method of directly
    engineering the ambient potential of the vacuum has been developed
    and realized experimentally.

    Adding Whittaker's engineerable hidden variable theory to classical
    electromagnetics, quantum mechanics, and general  relativity
    produces supersets of each discipline. These supersets are joined by
    the common Whittaker subset, producing a unified field theory that
    is engineerable and tested.

    By treating the nucleus of the atom as a pumped phase conjugate
    mirror, several working model energy units have been produced which
    excite and organize the local vacuum, increase the local virtual
    photon flux between local vacuum and nucleus, establish coherent
    self-oscillations between the local excited vacuum and the affected
    nuclei, utilize the self-oscillating standing wave for self-pumping
    of the nuclei/mirrors, introduce a very tiny signal wave to the
    mirrors, and output into an external load circuit a powerful,
    amplified, time-reversed phase conjugate replica wave at 60 Hertz
    frequency and nominal 120 volt sine wave power.

    Several models have been built, ranging from 6 watts early on to one
    of 5 kilowatts. Both closed batteryless systems with damped positive
    feedback and open loop systems with battery-powered input have been
    successfully built. Open loop power gains of from 5 x 104 to 1.5 x
    106 have been achieved.

    Antigravity experiments have also been successfully conducted where
    the weight of the unit was reduced by 90% in controlled experiments,
    with a signal wave input of 175 microwatts and an output of 1 kilowatt.

    The basic theory of the device is briefly explained and experimental
    results presented. In the demonstration session, a videotape of one
    operating open-loop unit with a 1.5 x 106 power gain is planned, as
    is the demonstration of an actual working model closed-loop system
    with a nominal rating of 500 watts, and without external power input
    of any kind.

    The units are solid state, with no moving parts. Each of them
    comprises a unique form of self-powered vacuum triode of
    extraordinary gain, where the cathode power and plate power are
    freely furnished by the vacuum, and only a small grid signal need be
    furnished either from an external power source or by clamped
    positive feedback from the device's output. The output is negative
    energy, and some of its unique characteristics are pointed out.

    Implications of the experimental application of the Sweet vacuum
    triode, the Bearden approach to the nucleus as a pumped phase
    conjugate mirror, and the unified field theory based on Whittaker's
    engineerable hidden variable scalar EM potential theory, are also
    briefly addressed.

    Note: This paper has been prepared by Bearden, the second author
    listed, hereinafter called "the author", with full concurrence of
    the inventor of the vacuum triode, inventor and magnetics engineer
    Sweet, the first author listed.

    *Scalar Electromagnetics*

    In 1837 Sir W.R. Hamilton said, "The notion of time may be unfolded
    into an independent pure science... a science of pure time is
    possible."

    As is well known, the fundamental units utilized in physics are
    arbitrary. It is even possible to construct all of physics on a
    single unit, time. This oddity shows the truth in Hamilton's
    statement; it is even more odd, because quantum mechanically time is
    not an observable. This means that the observable world can be
    modeled completely in terms of the nonobservable, which is
    essentially what modern quantum mechanics is now doing.

    Hamilton viewed his magnificent quaternions as essentially having
    accomplished the mathematical structuring of time.  Maxwell's
    original EM theory, as is well-known, was modeled in Hamilton's
    quaternions, not in the highly curtailed Heaviside/Hertz vectors
    erroneously taught today as "Maxwell's theory."

    Not a single one of the present so-called "Maxwell's" vector
    equations ever appeared in a book or paper by James Clerk Maxwell.

    For some years the author has worked on an extended electromagnetics
    theory, involving the scalar component of the quaternion. [ref. 1]

    In Maxwell's original quaternion theory, this scalar component often
    remains when the directional components zero. Further, it then
    enfolds vectors and functions of vectors inside, in a hidden
    variable manner. Specifically, the author has patterned a unified
    field theory concept upon the previously unnoticed but remarkable
    early work of E.T. Whittaker. [ref. 2]

    In two fundamental papers in 1903 and 1904, Whittaker showed that
    all present vector EM can be replaced by scalar potential
    interferometry, and that bidirectional harmonic EM plane wave sets
    could be used to produce a standing wave of force-field-free
    potential (Figures 1 and 2).

            |  phi(x)
            |  Potential
          |       +  +
            |          +           +  <---- Organized Local Space-Time
            |       + + Curvature
            |     +       EM          +
            |   +  Substructure     +
            |  + +
            | + +
    |+__________________________________+_______________________________+__
    + +
    X --> + EM +
    + Substructure     +
    + +
    + +
    + +
    + +

    Figure 1:  Cross-section of Whittaker spherical EM potential wave.

    Thus Whittaker anticipated the quantum mechanical Aharonov/Bohm
    effect by 55 years, including extending it to the macroscopic world
    instead of the mesoscopic realm where it has been established to
    date. [ref. 3]

    In modern terms, Whittaker showed how to turn EM wave energy into
    electrogravitational potential energy, then how to interfere two
    such scalar potential waves to recover electromagnetic energy, even
    at a distance. [ref. 4]

    This unrecognized work is of great importance: when applied to
    modern physics, it produces supersets of quantum mechanics (QM),
    classical electromagnetics (EM), and general relativity (GR).

    Further, all three extended disciplines unify on their common
    Whittaker subset, in a testable and engineerable fashion. [ref. 5]

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 2: Infolded EM plane wave structure of a Whittaker wave.

    *The Nucleus as a PPCM and Triode*

    The author has also considered the highly nonlinear nucleus of the
    atom as a pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM), having found no
    other consideration of same in the literature.

    The author also dubbed a PPCM a "triode," since the amplified phase
    conjugate replica of the signal wave is much like the amplified
    output of a triode, and the signal wave input to a PPCM is much like
    a triode's grid signal input. The PPCM pump wave then corresponds
    roughly to the power input to the cathode and plate of a triode.
    [ref. 6]

    Figure 3 diagrammatically shows the PPCM with correspondence to a
    triode. [Referring to figure 3]

    Up to all the power in the pump waves A1 and A2 may be output in
    phase conjugate replica wave A3 in response to a small signal wave
    input A1.

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 3: A pumped phase conjugate mirror.

    *Vacuum Triode background*

    About seven years ago, the author was privileged to see and examine
    an invention of Mr. Floyd Sweet, that produced about 6 watts of
    electrical power from the vacuum itself.

    This remarkable device, which the author dubbed a vacuum triode, in
    a single unit utilized most of the scalar EM concepts the author had
    so painfully and slowly formulated over the years.

    Sweet, a brilliant inventor with a remarkable knowledge of
    magnetics, had utilized barium ferrite magnets and special coils to
    produce a solid-state device that successfully tapped the vacuum
    energy.

    The author quickly put together a theoretical concept for the
    energy-tapping mechanism, based on treatment of the nucleus as a
    PPCM and Whittaker's scalar EM potential unified field theory. [ref. 7]

    The author furnished the technical concept, treating the nucleus as
    a pumped phase conjugate mirror, to the inventor along with copies
    of Whittaker's papers.

    *Sweet's Synthesis and Extension*

    Sweet is also a brilliant EM theoretician, working in four, five, or
    even six dimensions with ease. He immediately synthesized the entire
    PPCM and Whittaker theory, and developed a complete theoretical
    treatment of the device. [ref. 8]

    He also increased the nuclear potential utilized in the activated
    nuclei of the device, which increased the pumping energy and hence
    the energy output. He next produced an open-loop vacuum triode (VT)
    with an output of 500 watts, for an input of 33 microwatts.

    Thereafter he produced several other models, including closed-loop
    systems and one with 5-KW output.

    *Purpose of This Paper*

    Our purpose is to explain the detailed scalar EM concept of the
    operation of the vacuum triode, since it is a universal method for
    cohering and tapping useful EM energy from the vacuum.

    The author believes that this mechanism is the fundamental mechanism
    that must be invoked in any over-unity device that
    electromagnetically extracts vacuum energy as electromagnetic effects.

    We also intend to demonstrate a full working model of the device at
    this conference. Sweet's detailed theoretical treatment will be
    completed and submitted to a major journal shortly, to complete the
    scientific exposition of the new methodology.

    I must also express my deep admiration for my brilliant inventor
    colleague. It has been a privilege to work with him, though under
    great difficulties and at a distance. He has developed several other
    related devices that are of great importance to the emerging new
    physics of vacuum engineering, in the sense referred to by Lee.
    [ref. 9]

    To mention just one, he has produced a magnetic lens which
    apparently can directly display the vacuum's virtual particle flux,
    or a good analog of it. So far as I am aware, this is the only
    extant instrument today that can perform this feat.

    When the vacuum triode has been proven to the scientific community,
    it is my intention to nominate Sweet for the Nobel Prize he so
    richly deserves, and seek high scientific endorsements for the
    recommendation.

    *Entropy*

    As is well known, in any closed dynamic system the order existing in
    it will gradually be dissipated, as more and more interactions
    occur. This leads to the notion of entropy as the increasing
    disorder in such systems. The assumptions are

    (1) a closed system, and
    (2) a positive flow of time for the components of the system.

    Actually no such thing as a completely closed system exists in
    nature. Every mass system is open to virtual particle flux exchange
    with the vacuum, for example, particularly in the nucleus of its
    atoms, where the bulk of its mass is located.

    However, the closed system assumption is reasonably approximated by
    a great many systems which are in stable thermodynamic equilibrium,
    or nearly so.

    On the other hand, in an open system far from thermodynamic
    equilibrium, the second law of thermodynamics does not necessarily
    apply, because the system violates both the closed system assumption
    and its equilibrium approximation. [ref.10]

    *Time Reversal*

    Since being discovered in 1972 in the open Soviet literature, the
    time-reversed (phase conjugate) EM wave has also been known. The
    phase conjugate EM wave is truly time-reversed, as has been shown
    experimentally. Since the time-reversed EM wave violates the second
    major assumption, the second law of thermodynamics need not
    necessarily hold for time-reversed entities.

    Putting all this together, if one wishes negentropy and hence
    increased energy in a system, the candidate suggested would appear
    to be a system that was strongly

    (1) open loop,
    (2) time-reversed, and
    (3) far from thermodynamic equilibrium.

    A good overview of time-reversal in physics has been provided by
    Sachs. [ref. 11]

    *Engineering the Nucleus*

    Since the nucleus already provides a myriad of time-reversed
    processes, engineering the nucleus of an atom is a very good
    candidate for practical negentropy.

    To engineer the nucleus directly, a Whittaker potential is first
    artificially constructed, by composing a harmonic set of
    phase-locked EM wave/antiwave pairs. It is accented that the
    antiwaves must be true phase conjugates; otherwise they will not
    constitute a gradient-free Whittaker standing potential wave.

    In addition, at least one harmonic interval must be used, and
    additional harmonic sets are most desirable. The reason is that a
    space-time lattice must be formed in the vacuum, where the energy is
    additive spatially but oppositive in t-dot, the rate of flow of
    time, in the fourth dimension.

    So a time-structure is required as well as a spatial structure,
    which is what is provided by /n/ bidirectional harmonic Whittaker EM
    wave sets, where /n/ is an integer greater than 1.

    Once a specific Whittaker structure has been chosen, the local
    lattice of space-time is established. This establishes phase-locked
    lattice groupings of coupled photon/antiphoton pairs, or of
    gravitons. In turn, this Whittaker-structured vacuum now contains
    specific graviton vacuum engines, which directly engineer and
    structure the vacuum's virtual particle flux (VPF) exchange with the
    nucleus. [ref.12]

    The nucleus is highly nonlinear, hence strongly phase conjugative,
    or time-reversed. The ambient potential of the local vacuum
    surrounding the nucleus is in a violent virtual photon exchange with
    it, accounting for its electrical charge.

    Since the preponderant charge is positive, from the viewpoint of the
    ordinary light observer whose light interacts with electron shells,
    the nucleus may be taken to exhibit time reversal (phase conjugation).

    *Energy, Time, and Gravitons*

    We take the definition of "energy" to be fundamentally an ordering
    imposed upon the VPF of vacuum. We take photon scattering from the
    electron shells of atoms to be the fundamental exterior mechanism
    producing forward flow of external observer time.

    It then follows that "time's arrow" for the EM observer is due to
    the universal scattering of photons from electron shells.

    In this view, forward (positive) time flow and entropy are due to
    the same primary action: photon scattering from electron shells. It
    is unfortunate that the concept of "positive" energy has been tied
    to, and defined in terms of, the scattering and dissipation of VPF
    order as work, or energy expended.

    Via the standard labeling, then, negative energy is the
    reconstitution of order in the vacuum VPF. It should be noted that,
    in a PPCM, dissipative or external pump wave stress energy can be
    scavenged and re-emitted in perfect order as the phase conjugate
    replica. This is a negentropic process, for it is capable of turning
    disorder into order. [ref. 13]

    In the time-reversed  PPCM  nucleus, we should expect to see
    appreciable negative energy, that is, energy removed from the EM
    scattering domain. This includes the binding energy of the nucleus,
    and the gravitational (G) potential energy of the EM energy removed
    from the "scattering interaction realm" and locked into the mass.

    Following Sakharov, we hold that the G-field is not a fundamental
    field of nature, but a composite caused by, or made from, other
    fields. [ref. 14]

    To the first order, we assume the G-potential is comprised of
    coupled photon/antiphoton pairs, on the average, where the
    statistical coupled spin-2 photon/antiphoton pair is a graviton.
    [ref. 15]

    We follow the modern view of the field: because of vacuum
    fluctuations, rigorously one no longer speaks of "the" field, but of
    the probability of a particular field configuration. [ref. 16]

    We also hold the vacuum to be composed of potentials, and regard the
    three terms space-time, vacuum, and scalar potential as essentially
    synonymous.

    *Newton's Third Law and the Detection Process*

    The VPF EM stress of the local vacuum immediately surrounding the
    nucleus may be decomposed a la Whittaker into opposing bidirectional
    EM plane waves/forces. Thus the nonlinear nucleus may be regarded as
    a pumped phase conjugate mirror, normally with a gain of one.

    In this view, Newton's third law reaction force is generated because
    the so-called "photon" interaction with an atom is in fact a
    graviton reaction involving a photon/antiphoton pair that is decoupled.

    The decoupled photon normally is absorbed and reradiated by an
    orbital electron, while the decoupled antiphoton interacts with the
    nucleus, producing a time-reversed twin of the external force, or,
    in other words, Newton's third law reaction force, which gives a
    slight recoil of the nucleus.

    Half of every measurement physicists normally make is discarded,
    with the missing half accounting only for Newtonian reaction in the
    meter or instrument, which is usually ignored.

    The fact that half of our measurement interactions are ignored is
    occasionally discovered and noted by physicists, who may even write
    a paper pointing it out, but no change is instituted in the
    foundations. [ref. 17 and 18]

    *Semiconducting Vacuum and Self-Oscillation*

    The vacuum immediately surrounding the nucleus is structured by the
    nucleus, and is itself nonlinear and capable of acting as a
    semiconductor. [ref. 19]

    Since both this immediately local semiconductor vacuum and the
    nucleus it surrounds are highly nonlinear, then nonlinear resonance
    can conceivably be established between them.

    Further, since the resonating system in such case is an open system
    away from thermodynamic equilibrium, the oscillation can be
    self-sustaining. Such self-oscillation of the pumping of a PCM is
    already well known in the nonlinear optical literature, particularly
    with compounds containing barium. [ref. 20]

    *The Vacuum Triode: The Basic Concept*

    As is well known, a stress can be decomposed into opposing sets of
    forces. But quantum mechanically, the forces we are interested in
    with our work here are all caused electromagnetically, by the
    exchange of virtual photons. Even mechanical force, according to QM,
    is caused in this manner. Thus opposing electromagnetic or
    mechanical "stress" sets of bidirectional EM forces are
    microscopically equivalent to the notion of pump waves in nonlinear
    optics.

    Hence under the proper conditions, it follows that trapped EM stress
    energy of the vacuum can be utilized to "pump" the nucleus. Treating
    the stress-pumped nonlinear nucleus as a PPCM, it follows that the
    stress energy of the vacuum can be tapped by a 4-wave mixing
    mechanism in the atomic nucleus, to provide amplified phase
    conjugate EM wave outputs from the atom in response to small signal
    wave inputs. [21]

    In the proper nonlinear material, the material may act as a PPCM, in
    which case there exists a suitable connection between the material's
    atomic nuclei and its external electromagnetic lattice bonds, and
    the amplified phase conjugate replica wave generated in the nucleus
    will be emitted from the material as an EM wave field. This field
    can then be tapped by suitable means and output to an external load
    circuit.

    Block Diagram of the Vacuum Triode*: *Figure 4 shows a basic block
    diagram of the vacuum triode process, utilized by Sweet in several
    laboratory vacuum energy devices. These devices have ranged from a
    nominal 500 watt output in a 6 lb device to 5 kilo watts for a
    heavier unit. Gains have ranged from 50,000 to 1,500,000 for
    open-loop systems. Both open-loop and closed-loop systems have been
    built and tested.

    Figure 4 shows a combined block diagram for either a closed-loop or
    open-loop system. In the open-loop system, a barium ferrite magnetic
    material is used as a pumped phase conjugate mirror.

    In the "standard" design, two opposing PPCMs are used. The advantage
    of this dual combination is the use of self-targeting (repetitive
    phase conjugation, signal by signal). This has the effect of

    (1) stabilizing the Whittaker field, and
    (2) producing a quantum potential between the two mirrors, so the
    mirrors and the Whittaker potential between them are essentially one
    single space-time entity.

    Discussion of a quantum potential is beyond the scope of this paper,
    but the technical mechanism for creating one has been previously
    presented by the author on several occasions. [ref. 22]

    First we will explain the open-loop operation of the vacuum triode.
    In Figure 4, on the right an external 60 Hz, nominal 10 volt AC sine
    wave of several tens of microwatts in power is input into the
    stabilized field of the barium ferrite magnet structure, where it
    modulates the field, producing a signal wave input into the atoms of
    the material.

    In the top right block, the EM signal wave interacts with the
    electron shell of an atom, which in turn is EM-coupled to the nucleus.

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 4: The Vacuum Triode Concept

    Thus an EM signal wave is input to the nucleus of the atom, which is
    highly nonlinear (middle top block). Earlier, Sweet had specifically
    conditioned the atomic nuclei with a proprietary process, wherein in
    the barium nucleus a trapped 60 Hz scalar EM spherical wave
    resonance (self-oscillation) exists between the structured
    semiconductor vacuum immediately surrounding the Ba nucleus.

    In the same activation process, the ambient potential of the
    surrounding vacuum was raised and stabilized, in the two leftmost
    blocks.

    At this point the nonlinear nucleus is effectively self-pumped by
    the trapped, excited, spherical scalar wave oscillation between the
    structured semiconductor vacuum and the nucleus. The nucleus is now
    a strongly pumped phase conjugate mirror.

    Consequently, when the signal wave input arrives, the PPCM nucleus
    emits an amplified phase conjugate replica (PCR) wave, which
    precisely backtracks the input signal wave. This precise
    backtracking (perfect retroreflection) is referred to as the
    "distortion correction theorem."

    In short, the powerful PCR wave returns precisely toward the
    external source, passing through the electron shells and arriving in
    the perturbed barium ferrite magnet assembly field, where it
    perturbs the field.

    A transformer-like system then extracts this magnetic field
    perturbation and conducts it to the external load circuit.

    However, the PCR contains negative energy. Short of the load, the
    internal circuits run cool, rather than heating. This is a signature
    of a true vacuum energy-tapping device.

    Indeed, if the output leads of the Sweet vacuum triode are
    physically shorted together, a brilliant flash occurs, and the leads
    instantly ice as if dipped in liquid oxygen. This is another
    signature of the true negentropic over-unity vacuum tap.

    Note that the energy extracted from the semiconducting vacuum
    adjacent to the nucleus is just instantly replaced by the
    surrounding vacuum's inexhaustible energy pool. This is an open-loop
    system, with a hidden energy source: the intense virtual particle
    flux of the vacuum's ambient charge.

    It is not possible to exhaust that flux, which is often calculated
    to have an energy density of some 10^100 or more grams per cm^3, if
    the energy were cohered and condensed into mass.

    As can be seen, even a VT gain of 1.5 x 10^6 represents a "vacuum
    tap" of an incredibly small efficiency, on the order of 10^-100 or
    so. However, the vacuum "river" is so energetic that such
    efficiencies are quite sufficient.

    We accent that the barium ferrite magnetic material must be
    activated so that stable self-oscillation between the barium nucleus
    and the surrounding semiconductor vacuum exists. Although
    self-oscillating/self-pumped PCMs are known at optical frequencies,
    Sweet has discovered and perfected a brilliant methodology for
    activating PPCM nuclei at ELF frequencies.

    In a resistive load such as light bulbs, the resistive material
    accomplishes repetitive phase conjugation. Thus in the resistor,
    half the total energy is expressed as photon or dissipative energy
    in the external (electron shell) level.

    As the excited electrons decay, they emit scattered EM energy as
    light and heat. This is an exothermic interaction. The other half of
    the total energy reacts in the atomic nuclei, as a phase conjugative
    or endothermic interaction.

    We strongly accent that, Whittaker-wise, there are two
    electromagnetic channels and two kinds of EM:

    (1) external EM, the common electron-shell interacting, entropic,
    scattering, time-forward kind, and
    (2) the internal, unsuspected, hidden variable, nuclei interacting,
    negentropic, reordering/convergent kind.

    Internal EM travels strictly between atomic nuclei, normally not
    reacting with electron shells unless a pumped phase conjugate mirror
    reaction is invoked in the nucleus to produce a gain somewhat
    greater than unity.

    Thus if we wish to communicate with atomic nuclei directly, and
    engineer them directly, we must utilize the internal EM channel via
    applied Whittaker methods.

    *Antigravity Tests*

    Inherent in the preceding discussions is the possibility to turn EM
    energy into gravitational energy of either sign. In other words, one
    should be able to utilize Sweet's vacuum triode to produce and
    demonstrate antigravity.

    Indeed this is the case. Sweet has also discovered the special
    alterations necessary to perform straightforward transformation of
    the internal energy in the nucleus to antigravitational energy,
    producing a unilateral thrust upward.

    Note that the bulk of G-potential gradient (G-force-field) occurs
    Whittaker-wise at ELF frequencies. This explains why nonlinear phase
    conjugate opticians do not notice direct antigravity effects.

    At the optical frequencies at which they work, the effects are so
    miniscule that they are negligible. This is readily explained as
    follows: In QM, the quantum (photon) is comprised of action (angular
    momentum), not just energy. It is rather like a "piece of energy
    welded to a piece of time, with no seam in the middle."

    Since quantum change occurs in quanta, the decoupling of the energy
    and time components, in the continual interaction of photons with
    matter, exchanges energy between G-potential of vacuum and trapped
    mass of the atom or particle. In this exchange, small increments of
    time are continually being formed (and unformed, as photon emission
    occurs).

    Consequently, each mass is moving forward in time in small
    incremental jumps, usually of exceedingly small magnitude.  However,
    the energy and time trapped in a photon are canonical. The greater
    the piece of energy, the smaller the piece of time, and vice versa.

    So if one wishes to stress the "rate of flow of time" significantly,
    one needs to produce large amounts of photons that have very large
    pieces of time, and consequently little pieces of energy.

    Since the energy of the photon is directly proportional to its
    frequency, this means that the lower frequency photons have larger
    time increments, and hence endure over many "regular-sized photon
    absorption/emission changes" to appreciably stress the rate of time
    flow/production.

    The bottom line is that the standard pumped phase conjugate mirror
    can be adapted to produce antigravity at ELF frequencies, but
    precisely the same adaptation at optical frequencies will have
    negligible effect.

    With this in mind, the author requested Sweet to perform an
    antigravity experiment to prove the thesis. With Sweet's proprietary
    adaptation of his vacuum triode/PPCM, the experiment produced rather
    straightforward but spectacular results, as shown in Figure 5.

    The experiment was performed as follows: Rigged for antigravity, the
    6-lb device was placed on a scale so that its weight could be
    continuously monitored. A special external load box was utilized in
    which multiple electric light sockets were connected in parallel.

    Then the external load draw was adjusted by merely screwing in
    100-watt lamps, one at a time, with measurement and observation
    pauses in between. The output of the device was 120 volt, negative
    AC sine-wave power at 60 Hz.

    For each 100-watt increment, the load power was recorded and the
    weight was carefully recorded. The results are shown in the rather
    smooth, classic curve shown in Figure 5.

    At 1,000 watts load draw, the previously 6-lb device had reduced its
    weight due to gravity by 90 percent. At that point the signal-wave
    (grid) input to the open-loop vacuum triode was only 175.4 microamps
    at 10 volts, or just under two milliwatts.

    [This figure could not be effectively depicted in ASCII. See the
    original paper]
    Figure 5:  Antigravity Test of Sweet's Adapted Vacuum Triode.

    We accent that the nominal two milliwatt input is only a gating
    signal. It is the organized, gated vacuum energy that is performing
    the action.

    The experiment was stopped short of actual hovering and flying due
    to safety considerations. With the specific adaptation, magnetic
    monopoles are deposited in the magnet materials, producing internal
    tensile stress.

    Since no explosive controlled facilities were available, and there
    was no wish to destroy the VT, the experiment was terminated at 90%
    antigravity performance. It was completely successful, and
    adequately demonstrated the validity of the unified field theory
    concepts utilized in our approach.

    *Conclusions*

    A new unified field theory has been developed, tested, and at least
    partially verified experimentally. The concepts of the theory have
    been applied by Sweet in a series of inventions that produce readily
    usable, safe electromagnetic power directly from the vacuum.

    The methodology lends itself to formulation of power devices without
    moving parts. Antigravity, predicted by the concepts of the theory,
    has been demonstrated in actual practical demonstrations on the
    laboratory bench.

    Though not discussed in this paper, application of the concepts and
    methodology to a large variety of other fields, such as medical
    reversal of aging and curing of almost the entire range of present
    debilitating diseases, has been previously pointed out. [ref. 23]

    We have also pointed out the mechanism for Kaznacheyev's
    cytopathogenic effect, or the induction of cellular pathology at a
    distance by electromagnetic means. [ref. 24]

    We have also pointed out the specific mechanism involved in Priore's
    device, which in rigorous laboratory animal testing under the
    auspices of eminent French scientists, demonstrated nearly 100
    percent cures for terminal cancers and leukemias, sleeping sickness,
    artherosclerosis, and other debilitating diseases.[ref. 25]

    We believe we have also produced the concepts enabling the direct
    engineering and therapeutic manipulation of Popp's master cellular
    control system. [ref. 26]

    We conclude that the concepts we have utilized and experimentally
    demonstrated are universal, as implied by any notional unified field
    theory.

    Our conclusion is that the concepts, theory, and experiments, taken
    together, are sufficient for investigation and replication by the
    scientific community.

    If replicated and fully substantiated, we believe the work will
    directly point the way to, and usher in, a new unified field theory
    physics of universal application.

    *Speculated Implications*

    As can be seen, the implications of the new approach are profound.
    The authors believe they have ushered in the forerunner of a vast
    new physics, one which will change our lives, and our view of
    physical reality, in ways previously undreamed of.

    By mastering, controlling, and gating the vast, incredible energy of
    the seething vacuum, we can power our automobiles, flying machines,
    and technology inexhaustibly. Further, it can be done absolutely
    cleanly; there are no noxious chemical pollutants to poison the
    biosphere. With practical antigravity, ships can be developed to
    cross the solar system as readily as one crosses the ocean today.

    And the ships, automobiles, and technology will never run out of
    fuel; the inexhaustible vacuum fills every system, everywhere, to
    overflowing.

    Not discussed in this paper, it turns out that living systems, faced
    with the problem of achieving negentropy so as to maintain their
    form in a dissipative external physical reality, have always used
    the hidden internal channel for such things as mind, thought, cell
    control, and living functions.

    With the new methodology, one now faces the advent of access and
    engineering of the mind and life of the observer as readily as the
    observer's physical body.

    Transmutation of the elements, control of the weather, lighting and
    powering our cities and homes cheaply and cleanly, and provision of
    plenty for everyone is the vista for the future. We can in fact
    clean up the radioactive wastes, rid ourselves of coarse nuclear and
    petroleum powerplants.

    We strongly stress that, with the ability to engineer the
    Schroedinger equation itself, the new methodology allows the direct
    engineering and control of quantum change, and hence of physical
    reality itself.

    The methodology is extendable to hyperdimensions; nested virtual
    levels of the vacuum are already precisely that. The author has
    already pointed out the application of this emerging technology to
    the absolute cure of diseases such as AIDS, cancer, leukemia, etc.,
    and shown that the Priore device in France already proved the
    efficacy of the application in the 60s and 70s.

    We shall be able to rid ourselves and our descendents of diseases.
    With direct access to the actual software of life and mind, in the
    future we should be able to achieve levels of education previously
    unattainable, by directly inputting the relevant software.

    Previously we have also pointed out that four nations of the world
    are already embarked on weaponization of scalar EM unified field
    technology. It is sobering to think that, in addition to having the
    ability to make our planet a paradise for  humankind, we also will
    have the ability to make it a hades.

    For that reason, we are doing our best to clarify the technical
    concept and the theory in this 1991, hopefully with the view that
    humankind will seize upon the positive aspects, and develop and
    apply this technology for the betterment of all people everywhere.

    Long ago, Albert Einstein said these words: "It would of course be a
    great step forward if we succeeded in combining the gravitational
    field and the electromagnetic field into a single structure. Only so
    could the era in theoretical physics inaugurated by Faraday and
    Clerk Maxwell be brought to a satisfactory close."

    And Teilhard de Chardin wrote: "Someday, after we have mastered the
    winds, the waves, the tides and gravity, we shall harness for God
    the energies of love. Then for the second time in the history of the
    world man will have discovered fire."

    The authors fervently believe they have come upon fire for the
    second time, as allegorized by de Chardin. If so, let us all use the
    knowledge wisely.

    *References*

    [1] Maxwell's original quaternion EM theory is contained in some 200
    quaternion equations and differs extensively from the restricted
    Heaviside/Gibbs vector interpretation universally taught today as
    "Maxwell's Theory."  See James Clerk Maxwell, /A Treatise on
    Electricity and Magnetism/, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1873.
    The third edition is by Dover, 1954.

    [2] E.T. Whittaker, "On the Partial Differential Equations of
    Mathematical Physics," /Math. Ann./, Vol. 57, 1903, p. 333-355; "On
    an Expression of the Electromagnetic Field Due to Electrons by Means
    of Two Scalar Potential Functions," /Proc. Lond. Math. Soc/., Series
    2, Vol. 1, 1904, pp. 367-372. The first paper was in fact a detailed
    theory of the scalar standing potential wave that Nikola Tesla
    discovered four years earlier, on the night of July 3-4 1899, being
    radiated from thunderstorms, which he entered in his Colorado
    Springs Notebook on the morning of the 4th. More recently the
    Whittaker structure (WS) inside  potentials, including the
    Schroedinger potential, has been shown by V.K. Ignatovich, "The
    Remarkable Capabilities of Recursive Relations," /Am. J. Phys./,
    57(10), Oct. 1989, p. 873-878, without credit to Whittaker or to the
    presence of such structured scalar potentials in Maxwell's original
    quaternion EM theory. These WSs are universal to scalar potentials;
    e.g., for the same in acoustics, see Richard W. Ziolkowski,
    "Localized Transmission of Wave Energy," /Proc. SPIE/, Vol.1061,
    Microwave and Particle Beam Sources and Directed Energy Concepts,
    Jan. 1989, p. 396-397.

    [3] See Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, "Significance of Electromagnetic
    Potentials in the Quantum Theory," /Phys. Rev./, Second Series,
    115(3), Aug. 1, 1959, p. 458-491. This paper pointed out the primacy
    of the potentials. Instead of being causative agents, the force
    fields are actually effects generated from the potentials. This is
    in complete violation of both classical electromagnetics and
    classical dynamics, but it is absolutely required by quantum
    mechanics. For an extensive discussion of the Aharonov-Bohm effect
    and an extensive list of references, see S. Olariu and I. Iovitzu
    Popescu, "The Quantum Effects of Electromagnetic Fluxes," /Rev. Mod.
    Phys/. 57(2), Apr.1985. See Bertram Schwarzschild, "Currents in
    Normal-Metal Rings Exhibit Aharonov-Bohm Effect," /Physics Today/,
    39(1), Jan. 1986, p. 17-20 for confirmation that the Aharonov/Bohm
    effect has indeed been firmly proven experimentally.

    [4] It is pointed out that today all potentials are well known to be
    gravitational entities. However, this was not known in Whittaker's
    time, and so he himself did not realize that he had actually
    produced an engineerable, testable unified theory of
    electromagnetics and gravitation.

    [5] T.E. Bearden, "Possible Whittaker Unification of
    Electromagnetics, General Relativity, and Quantum Mechanics: Part
    I:  Background," Presented to Ala. Acad. Sci. Annual Symp., Univ.
    Jacksonville, Mar. 1991.

    [6]   For the theory of a pumped phase conjugate mirror, see David
    M. Pepper, "Nonlinear Optical Phase Conjugation," /Opt. Eng/.,
    21(2), Mar./Apr. 1982, p. 156-183; Amnon Yariv, /Optical
    Electronics/, 3rd Edn., Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1985.
    In a normal triode tube, the amplified plate signal is 180 degrees
    out of phase spatially with the grid input, but in-phase with it in
    respect to rate of flow through time. In a PPCM, the amplified phase
    conjugate replica wave is in phase spatially with the signal wave,
    but 180 degrees out of phase with it in respect to its rate of flow
    through time. It is pointed out that a PCM with a gain of unity
    produces a coupled EM wave/antiwave pair whose energy is additive in
    3-space but subtractive in the first derivative of the fourth
    dimension, time. Hence it is no longer an electromagnetic wave as
    such, but an oscillatory wave of stress upon the local rate of flow
    of time. Hence it is a powerful electrogravitational wave, whose EM
    nature is hidden in the guise of a scalar EM potential. It is also a
    wave of variation in the local gauge, and of variation in the local
    ST curvature.

    [7] See T.E. Bearden, /The Phase Conjugate Vacuum Triode/, Apr. 23,
    1987, privately published.  An earlier pencil draft was initially
    produced.

    [8] Sweet has continued to extend his theoretical treatment. A
    formal paper providing the complete mathematical theory of the
    vacuum triode has been drafted, is in final review, and will be
    submitted to a leading journal by mid-1991.

    [9] See Chapter 25: Outlook, "Possibility of Vacuum Engineering,"
    T.D. Lee, /Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory/,
    Harwood, New York, 1981, pp. 824-828.

    [10] In 1977 Ilya Prigogine received the Nobel Prize for extending
    thermodynamics; in particular, for the theory of dissipative
    structures in nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In Prigogine systems,
    negentropy is known to be possible.

    [11] Robert G. Sachs, /The Physics of Time Reversal/, Univ. Chicago
    Press, Chicago, 1987.

    [12] Note that this moves the entire notion of the charge of a
    fundamental particle to a deeper and more extended level. Now the
    charge may be discretized, but it is not quantized in the hard
    conventional sense. Further, the internal Whittaker structure of the
    massless VPF photon exchange of vacuum and mass, which, quantum
    mechanically, is what the electrical charge of the particle is in
    the first place, is deterministically structured. Note that this
    violates the present assumption that all like charged particles are
    identical; now two electrons may have either the same or different
    magnitudes of charge, and even when the magnitudes are the same,
    their internal charge structures (Whittaker structures) and VPF
    exchange with the vacuum may differ. Also note that this resolves
    the severe QM problem of missing chaos (hidden order) in quantum
    change. The reason for the problem was the use of Gibbs statistics
    with its assumption of random variable change, which a priori
    excluded hidden order  (and hence chaos) from QM. That was only a
    special case, albeit an important one. There are now three QM cases:
    (1) the conventional case, where there is no hidden order; (2) the
    case where there is some hidden order, and the statistics is
    chaotic, not random; and (3) the case where the QM change is
    deterministic, with essentially total hidden order. Note that the
    Whittaker methodology allows one to directly engineer cases (2) and
    (3), including the Schroedinger equation itself.

    [13] The present second law of thermodynamics is written only for
    time-forward entities, and need not apply for the time-reversed
    case. Merely viewing the energy-dissipating forward time case in
    reverse allows an appreciation of the time-reversed case. In other
    words, the second law of thermodynamics is incomplete as presently
    stated. The complete law has a corollary to cover the increase in
    order as the time-reversal of the system increases. Thus the
    complete law consists of two parts: (1) the entropic, time-forward
    case, and (2) the negentropic time-reversed case. Since the
    re-ordering can be amplified at will by a PPCM process, the correct
    distinction between the two subsets of the complete law is
    important, and applies to real systems.

    [14] A.D. Sakharov, /Theor. Math. Phys/., Vol. 23, 1975, p. 435.

    [15] T.  E. Bearden, /Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics/, Tesla Book
    Co., 1991.

    [16] C.f. Charles W. Misner, Kip S. Thorne, and John Archibald
    Wheeler, /Gravitation/, W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1973,
    p. 1191.

    [17] E.g., see Richard Kidd, /et al/, "Evolution of the Modern
    Photon," /Am. J. Phys/., 57(1), Jan. 1989, pp. 27-35. See also R.
    Chen,  "Cancellation of Internal Forces," /Am. J. Phys./ 49(4), Apr.
    1981, p. 372.

    [18] A nonlinear material may simply emit a photon, or it may act as
    a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) and emit a phase conjugate replica of
    the absorbed photon. When the material emits a normal photon, it
    measurably recoils. When it emits a time-reversed photon, it does
    not recoil, as already experimentally established in nonlinear phase
    conjugate optics. The solution to the mystery is this: When emitting
    a normal photon, the material does not act as a PCM. In that case
    the matching antiphoton which split from the interacting graviton
    (the graviton that yielded the external photon) interacts with the
    nucleus, producing a recoil action with a gain of one. Thus
    Newtonian third-law recoil of the nucleus occurs. On the other hand,
    when the material acts as a PCM, it also emits the antiphoton
    outside the atom to "backtrack" the absorbed "signal wave" photon.
    In that case there is no Newtonian recoil of the nucleus, because
    the agent for causing recoil did not interact with the nucleus to
    produce it.

    [19] Richard E. Prange and Peter Strance, "The Semiconducting
    Vacuum," /Am. J. Phys./ 52(1), Jan. 1984, p. 19-21. Also, under
    nonlinear conditions, a particle can absorb more energy than is in
    the light incident on it, absorbing the energy from the vacuum VPF.
    Cf. Craig F. Bohren, "How Can a Particle Absorb More Than the Light
    Incident on It?"; /Am. J. Phys./ 51(4), Apr. 1983, p. 323-327.

    [20] Cf. Pepper, ibid. and Yariv, ibid. For a specific example, see
    Mary J. Miller, et al, /Appl. Phys. Lett./ 41(8), Oct. 15. 1982, p.
    689-691.

    [21] Again, for the theory of the PPCM, see Pepper, ibid., and
    Yariv, ibid.

    [22] E.g., see T.E. Bearden, /Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics/,
    Tesla Book Co., Chula Vista, CA, 1991, p. 33-36.

    [23] Bearden, /AIDS: Biological Warfare/, Tesla Book Co., 1988;
    /Gravitobiology: A New Biophysics/,  Tesla  Book  Co.,  1991;
    /Analysis of Scalar Electromagnetics/, Tesla Book Co., 1990.

    [24] Cf. Vlail P. Kaznacheyev and L.P. Mikhailova, /Ultraweak
    Radiations in Intercellular Interactions/, [in Russian],
    Novosibirsk, 1981; Vlail P. Kaznacheyev, "Electromagnetic
    Bioinformation in Intercellular Interactions," /Psi Research/, 1(1),
    Mar. 1982, p. 47-76;  N.D. Devyatkov, Ed., "Applications of 
    Low-Intensity Millimeter Wave Radiation in Biology and Medicine",
    [in  Russian], /IRE Akad. Nauk. SSSR/, Moscow, 1985.

    [25] Cf. Antoine Priore, "Method of Producing Radiations for
    Penetrating Living Cells," US Patent No. 3,280,816; Jean- Michel
    Graille, /Le Dossier Priore/, De Noel, Paris, 1984 [in French];
    Christopher Bird, "The Case of Antoine Priore and His Therapeutic
    Machine: A Scandal in the Politics of Science," Appx. I to Bearden,
    /AIDS: Biological Warfare/, 1988.

    [26] Cf. Fritz Albert Popp, "Photon  Storage  in Biological
    Systems," in  Fritz Albert Popp, /et al/, Eds., "Electromagnetic
    Bio-Information", /Proceedings of the Symposium/, Marburg, September
    5, 1977, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore, 1979, p.123-149; also
    /Biophotonen: Ein neuer weg zur Losung des Krebsproblems/, Verlag
    fur Medizin, Heidelberg, 1976 [in German].

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Floyd Sweet's VTA Unit*

    by
    *Walt Rosenthal*

    (Excerpted from: /Space Energy Newsletter/ IV (1) March 13, 1993 ~
    PO Box 11422, Clearwater, FL 34616)

    The Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA) invented by Floyd Sweet consists
    of two ferrite magnets and two to four coreless wire coils. It is
    self-powered in the preferred configuration and produces in excess
    of one  KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ power in the form of energy that
    resembles electricity. This energy is referred to as negative
    energy. The VTA development history, its anti-gravity
    characteristics, negative energy properties, and some of the
    personalities involved are discussed.

    This is a story of Floyd Sweet's trials and tribulations involving a
    mystery wrapped in an enigma. God revealed to Floyd sufficient
    information to build a machine to provide energy that resembles
    electricity. However, God did not provide solutions to the
    frustrating string of problems that would surface in converting the
    idea into a working device. There are several people in this story
    that have provided help and some who have hindered.

    When Tom Bearden met Floyd, the device Floyd had developed was
    producing a few watts of alternating current at 28 volts. Tom saw in
    Floyd's device the physical embodiment of a principle he had
    theorized many years before. Tom had never designed  or constructed
    a physical device to access this elusive energy source.

    Tom's name for the extraction process is 'Four Wave Phase Conjugate
    Mixing'. The energy source is the intense non-cohered energy that is
    thought to be present everywhere in the universe. Various
    researchers through the years have given this energy different
    names, such as "Zero Point Energy", "Gravity Field Energy", "Radiant
    Energy", and others.

    Tom Bearden gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier"
    or VTA. The machine provides a small amount of its output fed back
    to the equivalent of a grid which gates or coheres a large amount of
    energy which appears at the device output terminal as something that
    resembles electricity! Negative Electricity.

    This energy can be utilized by devices designed to convert
    electricity to light, heat, or mechanical work or anything else for
    which normal electricity is used. The properties of this energy,
    although superficially resembling the 120 VRMS 60 HZ power we
    normally use, are unique and sufficiently different from
    conventional electricity, so that it should be classified as an
    entirely new energy form. It will require careful extended study by
    a wide range of people in order to document its properties in the
    manner scientists have done with conventional electricity.

    Tom Bearden refers to this energy as negative energy, and he states
    that negative time must be utilized. In negative time according to
    Bearden, gravity is a repulsive force.

    Floyd's experiments demonstrated that the VTA loses weight in
    proportion to the amount of generated "Negative Energy". This was
    carefully documented by Floyd on a kitchen scale. The machine weight
    was observed decreasing with increased load in a quite orderly
    fashion until a point was suddenly reached when Floyd heard an
    immense sound, as if he were at the center of a giant whirlwind but
    without actual air movement. The sound was heard by his wife Rose in
    another room of their apartment and was heard by others outside the
    apartment. The experience was very  frightening and the experiment
    has not been repeated.

    Some observers of the light emanating from ordinary 120 volt 100
    watt incandescent bulbs powered by the VTA claim the light is
    different, softer than normal incandescent light. The VTA magnets
    and coils when powering loads of over a kilowatt become cold and
    temperatures of 20 degrees F below ambient have been observed.
    Similar reports of below ambient temperature of energy machine
    components have been reported by other inventors, such as John
    Bedini and John R.R. Searl.

    When the VTA output wires had been accidentally shorted, first an
    extremely brilliant flash occurred. When the wires involved were
    examined shortly afterward, they were found covered with frost.
    Unfortunately this also caused the VTA magnet to fracture and the
    machine ceased operating. In one instance the machine operation
    ceased during a local earthquake. The physical shacking was not
    believed to be sufficiently severe to disrupt the machine
    magnet/coil relative placement or physical shock to the magnet such
    as a hammer blow might impart. The best speculation is that the
    machine was affected by the intense electromagnetic pulse known to
    originate from earthquakes.

    Conventional instruments used to measure volts, amps, or watts
    appear to correlate machine output as coupled to loads, but only up
    to approximately 1 KW; above that value they may indicate zero or
    some other value not related to the known actual load.

    Floyd's attempts to use conventional electrical design formulas
    relating number of coil turns, amp turns on drive coils, and any
    other parameter to predict observed outputs have all resulted in
    failures with calculations. Empirical formulas based on actual tests
    have been documented.

    Observation of machine output voltage of approximately 120 VRMS
    while the load was changed in 100 watt increments from 100 watts to
    1000 watts has shown no observable output voltage change, which
    suggests an extremely low internal equivalent impedance. The 20
    gauge magnet wire in the output coils consisting of several hundred
    turns has significant DC resistance which is not correlated with the
    unvarying output terminal voltage at different loads. It is
    speculated that this energy does not travel within the copper wire
    or its passage through the copper wire does not generate a voltage
    drop --- a most useful feature when transferring energy from one
    place to another.

    One frustrating aspect of the VTA has been its failures, evidenced
    by the output voltage slowly decaying to zero over a few seconds or
    minutes. There also have been spontaneous instances of the voltage
    rising above 120 VRMS as observed by the increased lamp load bank
    brightness. The volt meters, ammeter, and power meter did not
    correlate with the brightness change except when the machine would
    the fail to produce any power.

    Many times the VTA was normally left on powering a lamp load bank 24
    hours a day. During a period of time when it appeared to be
    functioning properly all day long, Floyd got up at 3:00 AM to go to
    the bathroom. As he walked past the room where the VTA was located,
    he noticed that the lights appeared dim. He measured the voltage at
    70 VRMS. Being tired at the moment, he returned to bed. The next
    morning when he rose, the voltage was back to the normal 120 VRMS
    and stayed there all day. The next night Floyd got up at 4:30 AM.
    The voltage was measured at 85 VRMS. Floyd returned to bed. The
    voltage was normal the entire next day.

    A possible clue to this anomaly has appeared in an article by E.W.
    Silvertooth titled 'Motion Through The Ether' where Silver tooth
    describes a dual path laser interferometer experiment that
    conclusively demonstrated the presence of an ether that flows
    through our portion of the universe at greater than the speed of
    light with its vector in the direction of the constellation Leo.
    Floyd's VTA may be orientation sensitive to this ether velocity vector.

    The VTA consists of two 4" X 6" X .5" grade 5 or grade 8 ferrite
    magnets spaced 3 inches apart in the attractive orientation, with
    the output and drive coils in between. The output coils are wound
    with 20 gage magnet wire. Their axis is parallel to the magnetic
    lines of force between the two magnets. The two drive (or
    excitation) coil axes are positioned at 90 degrees to the output
    coil axis. The VTA excitation coils may be driven by the VTA output
    voltage or a separate sinewave oscillator source.

    The "Secret" to the machine is the process that "conditions" the
    magnets. This conditioning process determines the output  frequency
    and also prepares the machine for operation. The same machine could
    be just as well "told" to output 50 HZ or 400  HZ. The conditioning
    technique is so novel, it is doubtful anyone would ever guess how it
    is done.

    Oscilloscope observation of the VTA output voltage waveform shows an
    apparently perfect sinewave that is not phase locked  to the local
    60 HZ powerline voltage.

    The VTA can be started by momentary connection of a 9-volt battery
    to the drive coils when the machine is operated in the self-powered
    mode. The operation is stopped by momentary interruption of power to
    the power coils.

    The VTA "likes" to always see a minimum load of 25 watts.

    Electrical shock to humans from the VTA may be more damaging than
    contact with a 120 VRMS 60 HZ conventional powerline voltage. Floyd
    has accidentally had VTA current pass from his  thumb to his
    smallest finger. It appears to freeze the flesh and was extremely
    painful for at least two weeks.

    The mechanism by which negative energy makes copper conductors cold
    but will also heat light bulb filaments is not understood. Tom
    Bearden has coined the term "Gravito-Striction" for this process and
    has described how he believes it works.

    On the human side of the VTA development, some incidents are worth
    telling. Two people from Australia, who claimed they wanted to help
    Floyd, stole his notebook and promptly asked John Bedini for help in
    replicating the VTA based on the notebook contents. John recognized
    the notebook as belonging to Floyd and promptly asked them to leave.
    However, the notebook was never recovered.

    Floyd has received many death threats over the phone, and some
    threats face to face. A well dressed gentleman in an expensive suit,
    tie, hat, and hundred dollar shoes approached Floyd on the sidewalk
    of the street where he lives and introduced himself as Cecil Brown.
    He showed him a picture of Floyd inside his apartment. Cecil then
    told him that he represented a conglomerate that did not want
    Floyd's device to appear in the world at this time. He further
    stated that sometimes unfortunate things happen to people who do not
    comply with the wishes of others. He then retrieved the picture and
    departed. Incidences like this do impart significant concern in
    Floyd's mind!

    One real unsung hero of the human side of this story is Al Margolin,
    who for many years has provided test equipment,  fabrication help,
    and transportation for Floyd and Rose whenever needed, and it was
    needed many times.

    Floyd's long time friend and former employer Bill Lawry has provided
    living and project expenses and fabrication help when needed.

    The reliable conditioning of the magnets in a manner that assures
    long time operation is the Achilles heel of this device. With the
    help of enough of the right people this device may change our world
    and open a new field of physics! This adventure of course is an on
    going and the final goal of powering the world with the VTA is still
    a long ways off.

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *VTA Notes*

    by
    *Don Watson, et al.*

    *Floyd Sweet: Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA)*

    According to Floyd Sweet, who is now deceased, God "revealed"
    information to him about how to create a device that would provide
    energy "that resembles electricity." (1) Although Sweet may have
    claimed divine inspiration, don't let your skepticism deter you from
    reading on -- the end result is worth a good deal of consideration.

    "The virtual vacuum is the primordial powerhouse of everything in
    the universe." Floyd Sweet

    The Vacuum Triode Amplifier, the result of Sweet's hard work, is
    claimed to produce an overunity effect due to its interaction with
    the vacuum of space. Sweet declared that "the virtual vacuum is far
    from empty, far from nothing, it is rather seething with potential
    energy as the primordial powerhouse of everything in the universe."
    (2) This energy is referred to by Sweet's compatriot, free thinker
    and nuclear engineer Thomas Bearden, as negative energy. It was
    Bearden who gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier"
    or VTA. Tom saw in Floyd's invention the physical embodiment of a
    principle he had theorized many years before, but Bearden himself
    had never designed or constructed a physical device to access this
    elusive energy force. Upon meeting Sweet and examining the VTA,
    Thomas Bearden recognized what he calls "Four Wave Phase Conjugate
    Mixing," a type of energy extraction that taps what he, too,
    believes to be a universal, ever-present source of energy. Whether
    called "zero-point energy," "gravity field energy," or "radiant
    energy," its availability for conversion of electricity into heat,
    light, or mechanical work makes it a new form of energy worthy of
    extensive research. Bearden thinks it is negative energy, whose
    acquisition requires negative time. This means that if gravity were
    similarly utilized, it would be construed as a repelling force.

    In its physical form, the VTA consists of two magnets whose
    attractive sides are held about 3 inches apart by 2 to 4 coreless
    wire output and drive coils. The device is self-powered but can be
    started by connecting a 9-volt battery to the drive coils. One of
    the reasons that the Sweet vacuum unit falls into the free energy
    category is because it pertains to the wider technological domain
    that includes the prior research of other inventors such as Paul
    Baumann, of the Swiss commune, Methernitha, and Hans Coler (Germany
    1942). (See AEI website for more info.)

    The success of these three inventors' devices can be attributed to
    the work of Franz Kalusa and Oskar Kline in the first few decades of
    the twentieth century. By using "twin bifilar wound coils over
    permanent magnets," it is believed that the Sweet VTA, Swiss M-L
    converters, and Coler Magnetstromapparat utilize the same principle
    to acquire free energy. The coils are thought to cancel out the
    magnetic field that "the normal, excited EMF flow" causes. This
    allows the magnetism from the stack of permanent magnets to be
    directed into the 5th and 6th dimensions, which are "' curled up'
    within the other four dimensions," according to Kalusa. The magnets
    are then allowed to freely tap the space energy in those dimensions
    while the coil continues to distract the normal magnetic field, so
    to speak. The Sweet VTA is slightly different than the other two
    devices, in that "it uses special conditioned or activated permanent
    magnet material." It is therefore considered a "Stand alone device."
    This conditioning of the magnets is considered "the secret to the
    machine," since it could "be just as well 'told' to output 50 HZ or
    400 HZ." When the theory behind the source of free energy that runs
    these three devices was originally postulated, Einstein rejected it.
    Eventually he accepted the idea and allowed it to be published by
    the Prussian Science Academy.

    Floyd's homespun experiments with the Vacuum Triode Amplifier
    apparently tapped some very interesting forces. During one test in
    his apartment, the VTA actually weighed less and less the more that
    was applied to the load. In other words, the more "negative energy"
    generated, the more anti-gravity observed. At a certain point, a
    frighteningly loud sound jolted the inventor, and that particular
    experiment was forever retired.

    A recurring theme in other experiments is a decrease in temperature
    of the Sweet VTA. Sometimes the magnets and coils measure as much as
    20F below air temperature when the device is powering loads of over
    one kilowatt. Once when the wiring was accidentally shorted, a
    "brilliant flash" appeared and frost was observed on the wires.
    Sweet was even electrocuted by his device once, which appeared to
    freeze the skin through which the current passed, and he believes
    that it was more damaging than a shock from conventional voltage in
    a power line would be. Bearden calls the simultaneous cooling of the
    device and heating of what it powers "Gravito Striction." Similar
    reports of energy machine components that exhibit below-ambient
    temperatures have been observed by other inventors, such as John
    Bedini and John R.R. Searl. A theory that could explain this effect
    has been postulated by Victor Schauberger, Walter Russell, and other
    researchers. They think "nature uses two types of 'spin,' one
    clockwise, the other counterclockwise. The clockwise spin is a
    concentrating effect which generates Heat as a byproduct and is used
    in all modern power generation and utilization. The counterclockwise
    spin is an expanding effect associated with cold and the attempt of
    nature to regain the unity that prevails when force of any type
    (Aether, magnetic, light, electric, gravitic, etc.) is not
    polarized. In fact, the very existence of electricity, magnetism,
    gravity, heat, light, etc. is not possible unless the Aether is thus
    polarized to create the interferences necessary to provide potential
    differences."

    Other oddities of the VTA's performance have been reported. The
    device is known to have stopped working one day after an earthquake.
    Though it was not substantial enough to disrupt the VTA's set-up, it
    is believed that the earthquake's accompanying electromagnetic pulse
    interfered with the machine. Also, when Sweet left his device on for
    24 hours a day, he noticed that at night there was less voltage
    measured and the lights it powered were dim, while in the daytime
    there was more voltage and the lights were bright. Obviously, there
    is still a lot to learn about this new source of energy.

    Sweet's VTA unit is listed as an overunity device in the database of
    the Institute for New Energy (INE). The unit was tested by Tom
    Bearden on April 30, 1987, in front of multiple witnesses, and its
    most recent demonstration occurred in the 1990s (3). According to
    its own guidelines, INE rates the invention at the highest interest
    level, with the potential for "new physics and great impact." INE
    also believes that "the device seems to be scalable to a larger
    size." INE ranks the commercial aspects of Floyd Sweet's VTA unit as
    very high since "the operation techniques and measurements are being
    refined." Bearden vouches for the validity of his colleague's
    invention, which can produce 500 watts of electricity with only a
    330-microwatt input (4).

    Like many other inventors, Floyd Sweet ran into problems with
    threats and theft. Two Australians once offered their help to Sweet
    and then stole his work notebook. Upon asking John Bedini for help
    in understanding the notebook's contents in order to replicate the
    device, Bedini noticed it was Sweet's property and refused to
    cooperate. Sweet never recovered the notebook. The inventor also
    received death threats, over the phone and face to face. Reportedly,
    a well-dressed man wearing a very expensive suit and shoes
    approached Floyd on the street he lived on. He introduced himself as
    Cecil Brown, showed him a picture of Sweet inside his apartment, and
    said that he represented people who did not want Sweet's invention
    to be revealed to the public. The man then said "that sometimes
    unfortunate things happen to people who do not comply with the
    wishes of others," and walked away.

    The VTA is not without problems. Although it is capable of producing
    "in excess of one KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ power," the latest VTA
    prototype "has not shown the ability to continue operation for
    extended periods of time." It is thought that electrical
    disturbances outside the device are responsible for disrupting the
    internal resonance. The device often fails altogether to produce a
    steady output, as it is common for the voltage to drop to zero
    within only seconds or minutes. It is not yet known how or if this
    problem can be solved.

    Another challenge is that conventional electrical design and
    instrumentation does not seem to be compatible with the VTA. Floyd
    tried to apply conventional design formulas in order to figure out
    how many coil turns and amp turns should be made to achieve
    desirable outputs. To his dismay, this method "resulted in
    calculation inconsistencies." When it came to using conventional
    instrumentation to measure watts, volts, or amps, it would not work
    properly over 1 kW; instead, it would "indicate zero or some other
    value not related to the known actual load." For instance, when the
    VTA's voltage surpassed 120 VRMS, indicated by the increased
    brightness of a lamp load, the ammeter, voltmeters, and power meter
    did not correlate with the change in brightness. These mysteries
    still plague the work of present researchers and scientists who are
    trying to further understand Sweet's device. The fact that they "are
    not quite sure why Sparky presents such flaws in his data releases"
    indicates either the difficulties Sweet ran into or the changing,
    unpredictable nature of the device's functioning (5). The
    painstaking process of duplicating the VTA's overunity effect
    coupled with the fact that "reliable conditioning of the magnets in
    a manner that assures long time operation is the Achilles heel of
    this device" mean that "we must await further troubleshooting and
    development of this unique Sweet VTA technology." Let's hope that it
    happens sooner than later.

    *Does Sweet's Work Explain Searl's Device?*

    Floyd Sweet claims to have obtained over unity electrical energy
    effects by applying a special magnetization process to some ferrite
    magnets. His setup consisted of one or more specially conditioned
    magnets and at least 2 coils. The magnets are fixed (stationary).
    One coil was used to excite or begin the oscillations of the magnets
    with a small AC field. The other coil(s) were used to "pick up" the
    magnet's large magnetic oscillations. (Clearly a non-linear effect
    occurs here for the excitation AC magnetic field is small compared
    to the output.)

    See, for example, Alan Dubla's web pages and this article for a more
    detailed description of Floyd Sweet's devices.

    I have also investigated Prof. John Searl
    <http://rexresearch.com/searl/searl2.htm>'s magnetic
    motor/generator. After spending a couple of years volunteering my
    time with D.I.S.C. Inc. USA to help Prof. Searl reproduce his device
    according to his explanations and instructions, I have not been able
    to figure out by what physical bases Prof. Searl claims his devices
    worked. (Note: I have not worked directly with Prof. Searl. However,
    the group working here in the USA was in direct and frequent contact
    with Prof. Searl.) He has developed a construction method which he
    calls "The Laws of Squares" which, in my opinion, is so far removed
    from the language of physics and engineering that one is left
    completely in the dark as to the cause of the motion in his devices.
    We are therefore free to think up our own methods and explanations
    for constructing a device in which magnets are "self-propelled".

    Here is a rough illustration [Not included here] of Searl's setup.
    For more detail on Searl's devices see the info at this web site or
    just search the web.

    What is most interesting for the following comparison is the
    similarity (but not perfect match) between Sweet's method of
    conditioning the magnets and Searl's magnetization process. In both
    cases, an AC field is applied to the material. (There is more
    detail, of course, to both Sweet's and Searl's magnetization
    process. I am only pointing out the most obvious similarity here.)

    So, is there a way to use Sweet's effect to produce a Searl-like
    magnetic motor?

    Consider "large" but "slow" magnetization vector oscillations
    cohered (in sync) to produce traveling waves. It would then be
    possible for the wave to "pull" (or "push") a disk magnet along with
    it. This is illustrated in the next figure [Not included here] in
    which a disk magnet (red) moves along a magnetization vector
    oscillation traveling wave.

    If such waves can be created around a cylinder (or ring) then it
    might be possible to move the stacks of disks around this center
    cylinder.

    In Sweet's work, a small AC excitation is needed to begin the larger
    magnetization oscillations. Applying this concept to the Searl-like
    arrangement, the disks rolling around the center cylinder would be
    "seen" by the center cylinder as small "excitation" magnetic
    oscillations.

    Searl says that his first devices needed to be "started". That is,
    the stack of disk magnets need an external source to start them
    rolling. This could have excited large magnitude oscillations in the
    center cylinder in a similar way that Sweet's small excitations
    started the large magnetization oscillations in his magnets.

    One problem that I see with this arrangement is that I would not
    expect the wave length to be so large that the disks fit between
    wave crests. I would expect the wave length on the center cylinder
    to be much smaller. Then it is doubtful that the disks would be
    carried along.

    This may be why Searl claims that both the center cylinder
    (actually, its a ring in Searl's set-up) and the disks need to be
    specially magnetized (conditioned). The result may be another
    magnetization wave around the disks. These waves in the disks
    coupled with the wave in the center cylinder may be like two gears
    in which their teeth mesh. (Searl says that the frequency used to
    magnetize the disks is not to be the same as that used for the
    center ring. So it is not clear whether or not this "gear" analogy
    is appropriate.)

    In a static condition (that is, considering the center cylinder
    alone with no disks around it) The magnetization vector wave might
    "stop" (might not be traveling around the cylinder) but it might
    retain its alternating "pattern" around the periphery of the
    cylinder. This might be the origin of the "pattern" that Prof. Searl
    claims is measured around his center ring.

    Both Sweet and Searl claim that once the oscillation started and
    they extracted energy from their devices the magnets would become
    very cold.

    I have read that in ferromagnets, the magnetization vectors of the
    material are constantly oscillating. But the oscillations are
    chaotic/random. Sweet may have found a way to cohere or "order"
    these oscillations with a non-linear oscillating result. And Searl
    (independent of Sweet) might be using these oscillations to "carry"
    the stacks of disk magnets around the center cylinder.

    It is claimed that another researcher by the name of Hans Coler was
    also able to induce "large" oscillations in ferromagnets. I don't
    think there was any kind of special "magnetization" process
    involved, but I could be wrong.

    As far as I can determine, "large" scale coherence of magnetic
    oscillations is not known to exist in "large" magnets. (But then
    neither are the over unity effects produced by Sweet, Searl and Coler!)

    On the other hand, "small" coherent oscillations are know to exist
    in magnetic material.

    If you want to read up on magnetic oscillations, take a look at the
    following books.

    /Magnetization Oscillations and Waves/, by A.G. Gurevich and G.A.
    Melkov, CRC Press, 1996
    /Theory of Magnetostatic Waves/, by D.D. Stancil, Springer-Verlag, 1993
    /Magnetostatic Waves and Their Application/, by P. Kabos and V.S.
    Stalmachov, Chapman & Hall, 1994

    These books mention the use of a DC magnetic "bias" field together
    with an AC magnetic field being applied to the magnetic material
    sample to induce various kinds of oscillations. This technique is
    called "parallel pumping". It is clear, to me, that AC magnetization
    techniques have been applied to small sample magnetic material now
    for many years. But the science folks don't seem to have applied
    such techniques on the "large scale" as have Sweet and Searl.

    *~~~~~*

    *Magnetic Bubbles*

    A fellow handed out a paper at the '94 INE Conference, which was
    sent to me (Alan Dubla), that had references to the Sweet VTA. It
    talked about creating a magnetic bubble and extracting energy out of
    it using methods similar to those described in articles written on
    Sweet's VTA. I was able to recreate a magnetic bubble, in small
    round BaFe magnets. I have had no success extracting energy out of
    it yet, but it is rather interesting and worth studying for a while.

    When the bubble is created and stable, the magnet has a very weak
    field. In the picture bellow, I have 8 1.25 inch diameter ring
    magnets lined up in two rows of four each. There is a strip of
    magnetic viewing paper laid across each of the rows. This paper will
    show the Bloc wall as a light green band. The Bloc wall, in easy to
    explain terms, is where the north and south pole meet in a magnet.
    On one side of the wall you have the north pole and on the other
    side you have the south pole. Looking at the magnets from right to
    left, top to bottom, you will notice that each magnet has a light
    green circular band over it, as seen with the viewing paper. The
    number above each magnet represents the number of joules it took to
    alter the original magnetic field to form the new, modified magnetic
    field. As the joules increase, the bubble shifts position from the
    outside of the magnet towards the middle. As the joules increase
    even more, the bubble starts moving towards the center. When that
    happens the original orientation of the magnetic field will be
    flipped 180 degrees. The bubble is created in the magnet as a result
    of partial demagnetization. By doing this, I am moving the Bloc wall
    and magnetic poles 90 degrees from their original position. After
    the field is modified, the north pole is now orientated towards the
    center of the magnet, and the south pole is along the outer edge of
    the magnet.  When the band is centered between the outer
    circumference and the inner, the magnet is at its weakest point and
    the poles flip very easily. Running a 60 Hz AC signal running
    through a small electromagnet at a 90 degree angle to the magnet
    face makes the poles flip-flop, and the magnetic bubble expands and
    contracts, back and forth.

    *Magnetizer*

    To create the magnetic bubbles, you need some high power magnetizing
    equipment. In the picture I have a box housing 8000 uf worth of
    caps, a giant resistor to slow current draw, and a 600 amp SCR for
    switching. The power supply is an old HP 300 VDC.

    The caps charge up, and with the push of a button the caps are
    discharged through a 1 ohm coil with the magnet in the middle. The
    small coil in the picture is what I used to make the magnetic
    bubbles. The big coil is designed for the 4X6 magnets, but more
    power is required. The amount of joules discharged is variable. The
    small BaFe magnets require around 205 joules to create the
    neutral/centered magnetic bubble.

    *~~~~~*

    /From:/ *Jerry Decker (Keelynet) ~ */Date:/ Sat, 29 Jul 2000 (07:55:22)

    *Gunderson & Sweet VTA*

    In a refreshing turn of events, however, a correspondent named
    Graham Gunderson recently Emailed me a very interesting defense of
    Bearden's view that EM waves can be longitudinal and still carry a
    polarization sense.

    And, relevant to outphased waves, Gunderson takes issue with another
    argument-- the one that asserts that self-cancelling coils "do
    nothing".

    He says they do indeed "do something", and describes some of his
    experimentation along these lines. This is what I like to see--
    calm, rational explanation and some experiments to back it up.

    With Gunderson's email posted at:
    http://www.tricountyi.net/~randerse/graham.htm

    and it does have a section about vibrating neodymium magnets...

    *~~~~~*

    From: Graham Gunderson ~ To: [email protected] ~ Sent: Saturday,
    29 July 2000 8:49 AM

    *A Way to Program Magnets*

    I have spoken with a fellow who had hired Don Watson several years
    ago to replicate the Sweet device; allegedly Watson was able to get
    about 3 watts from one model. The deal however went sour somehow,
    and work was not continued.

    Sweet, too, had a beginning model that output 6 watts until he did
    something *more* to excite the living you-know-what out of the
    barium nuclei - only after that was the phenomenal power gain (and
    500 watt nominal output) available to use (for a while - until it
    inevitably sputtered out).

    Watson is correct in mentioning one way to excite barium nuclei in a
    magnet. It is a weak method however, and does not cause much action
    (at least as I have done it)

    One experiment I tried on this angle some time ago, caused some odd
    effects.

    I had a 4x6x1" barium ferrite slab sitting on top of a large
    tupperware (polypropylene) container, about 2 feet off the floor.
    The slab was magnetized and its attraction held a steel alligator
    clip onto it, in electrical contact. The other end of the alligator
    clip wire (about 2 feet long) connected to one terminal of a neon
    sign transformer.

    The neon xfmr is rated 15 kV, center tapped, so each output
    represents about a 7.5 kV RMS AC signal, the two outputs being out
    of phase of course. The other end of the xfmr output was left open.
    Only one end was used. The transformer's case (center tap) was
    grounded.

    So the magnet sitting on the plastic container was oscillated with
    about 7.5 kVRMS at 60 Hz.

    I was living with a roommate at the time who came near the thing and
    didn't know it was "on". Glad he didn't touch it.

    He was curious what it was and said when he put his head near the
    magnet to have a look, it built up a "pressure" behind his forehead,
    which caused him a curious headache afterward.

    After I heard this I went down to the basement where it was and did
    the same thing, putting my head within about 2 feet of the magnet.
    It began to hurt in a way, it was a kind of pain from the thing that
    I remember feeling. It caused in me a persistent headache as well,
    and also a shift in mood, I became very "spacey" and somewhat disturbed

    This also seemed to make both me and my roommate prone to violence,
    we both began to get irritated at trivial things and ended up in a
    brief fist fight. This was very out of character for both of us. My
    (now ex) roommate still says I should do more with my "electric
    brainwhacker".

    The magnet, after a while of this treatment, does develop a *slight*
    and mellow buzz, as I am used to feeling it. However I doubt it
    would be immediately perceptible to the unaccustomed observer. It is
    a small thing. And it will not create magnetic bubbles, so far as I
    know.

    The excitation does decay rapidly, and usually will not hold for
    more than a period of ten minutes. It begins to decay immediately
    after excitation is removed, and the rate of decay appears to be
    exponential.

    This is in sharp contrast to other things I have done, in which the
    vibrations are stronger and fully perceptible to unaccustomed
    observers. The decay rate is not exponential, but seems to follow a
    curve similar to the run down of an alkaline cell - it holds for a
    while, then tapers off at a faster rate. And it can happen over
    days, not minutes. Also it travels, I have been able to take
    energized magnets on a 300 mile road trip with no acceleration in
    decay. There has been mention, for intance, of the Testatika's
    inability to continue power output when moved. (To me --- as good ol
    Einstein would have put it --- a "clew".)

    So it appears that there are various modes of BaFe excitation, and
    that they have distinct effects, as evidenced, in part, by the
    different curves of excitation-decay. For starters though, HV
    excitation will show you a bit of something... but no promises, if
    you don't think you see any effects :)

    Graham

    *~~~~*

    (From: Luc Corriveau ~ To: [email protected] ~ Sent: Tuesday, July
    25, 2000 1:39 AM)

    http://216.60.190.54/comm697.htm

    *Sweet VTA, ISNE & Miscellany (6/15/97)*

    In fact, Don Watson said the magnet to be programmed was to be
    excited between two plates that were charged
    with at least 20KV (DC or AC). This would cause a 'ringing' in the
    barium which would last for upwards
    of 15 minutes.

    During that time, the magnet could be subjected to a sharp pulse at
    roughly 260 degrees of a 60 cps
    sinewave. He said this was based on his own experiments and seemed
    to get the best results.

    Why would I believe Don Watson? Because he showed me two magnets,
    both 4" X 6" by 1/2" thick. One was
    'programmed', the other was not.

    Using a piece of magnetic field line viewing plastic to view the
    unprogrammed magnet, I could clearly see the south pole on one face
    and the north pole on the other face, separated at the middle of the
    1/2" magnet width by the Bloch wall.

    However, in the programmed magnet, the south pole did not stop at
    the midpoint, but wrapped up onto the face
    of the north pole section, extending inward from the edge by about
    1/4". That is where the Bloch wall HAD MOVED.

    It was like altering the duty cycle of a square wave, where a normal
    magnet would be analogous to a North/South relationship of 50:50,
    the programmed magnet was something like 30:70. Quite amazing!

    Additionally, there was a bubble within the top North pole face,
    looking much like an air bubble in water covered by plastic. And
    when you put another magnet near this bubble, IT MOVED away, just
    like pressing on a sheet of plastic to move the captive air bubble.

    Don said the programming did not always take, but that you could
    just do it again, using the same magnet until it did. Also that some
    magnets were imperfect, having internal fractures not visible
    without using the magnetic viewing plastic.

    The slabs were also sensitive to shock or outside stimulus which
    would kill the programmed effect and necessitate the magnet being
    reprogrammed.

    Luco

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Diagrams, Photographs & Video*

    *Ashley Gray's Diagrams:*

    *Post-Conditioner:*

    *Conditioning:*

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Video: VTA Demonstration with Lamps
    <http://rexresearch.com/sweet/vtavideo.mpg>*

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *KeelyNet --- 7-13-97*

    *A Possible Source to the VTA*

    *By Jerry Decker*

    During the year of 1993, I received a call from a fellow by the name
    of Donny Watson. He lived in Lancaster and had called to talk about
    various free energy devices, particularly Floyd Sweet’s VTA (Vacuum
    Triode Amplifier).

    Donny claimed he had made a device that was producing anomalous
    amounts of energy, not large quantities, but definitely overunity.
    This particular unit was a rotary mechanical unit that as I recall
    was based on collecting back emf. I of course asked to see the
    device, but Donny was reticent.

    We met for lunch and on several other occasions, becoming friends in
    the process. Though I never saw any machines, I did see Donny’s work
    area and he had a lot o parts and some equipment, but out of all the
    time I knew him, he showed me nothing.

    After several months of periodic discussion and meetings, we had a
    falling out and I did not hear from Dony again.

    At the ISNE conference in Denver, I was surprised to hear that a
    Donny Watson would be speaking on the Sweet VTA and his work to
    duplicate it. Turns out it was the same Donny Watson, we became
    reacquainted and ended up drinking beer late into the night,
    swapping all kinds of goodies.

    During the course o the conference, Donny showed me two magnets,
    they were both BaFe (barium ferrite) 4" x 6" x 1/2" thick. One was
    "programmed", the other was not.

    Using a piece of magnetic viewing plastic to view the unprogrammed
    magnet, I could clearly see the south pole on one face, separated at
    the middle of the ½ inch magnet width by the Bloch wall.

    However, in the programmed magnet, the south pole did not stop at
    the midpoint, but wrapped up onto the face of the north pole
    section, extending inward from the edge by about 1/4". That is where
    the Bloch wall had moved!

    It was like altering the duty cycle of a square wave, where a normal
    magnet would be analogous to a S-N relationship of 50:50, the
    programmed magnet was now something like 70:30. Quite amazing!

    Additionally, there was a bubble within the top N pole face, looking
    much like an air bubble in water covered by plastic. When you put
    another magnet near the bubble, it moved away, just like pressing on
    a sheet of plastic to move the captive air bubble.

    Donny said the programming did not always take, but that you could
    just do it again, using the same magnet until it did. Also that some
    magnets were imperfect, having internal fractures not visible
    without using the magnetic viewing plastic.

    The slabs were also sensitive to shock or outside stimulus which
    would kill the programmed effect and necessitate the magnet being
    reprogrammed.

    Although I’ve never seen any working models of the Sweet device from
    anyone, this observation of the magnets was the closest I’ve come,
    so Don Watson has my vote of confidence at this point and he is to
    be commended for figuring out how to produce the effect but also for
    sharing this information for other researchers…

    *New Insights ~*

    The reason I have written this short paper is because in the last
    few days, I’ve been thinking a lot about the VTA and it struck me
    what must be going on in the programmed slab magnet.

    The only way you could have a bubble inside of the N face is if that
    bubble was of a different polarity, i.e., S, with the bubble edge
    being another Bloch wall.

    You must have a difference to be able to measure anything,
    homogeneity means harmony, no polarity and equates to zero, though
    there appears to always be minor fluctuations since nothing is ever
    truly in balance.

    I always thought the trick of the VTA was to cause the Bloch wall to
    vibrate in the presence of a coil of wire. Anytime you have a change
    of magnetic polarity near a conductor, you have an induced current,
    when that polarity changes, the current changes and in effect, pumps
    the energy out.

    Since this artificially created S pole in te form of a moving bubble
    floating on the N pole face can easily move, it can easily be made
    to vibrate, possibly over a contained area.

    If you place a coil of wire around the bubble, creating a
    constrained area, you could push the bubble back and forth in a
    controlled fashion with very small magnetic impulses.

    Now, if you could place another coil of wire, in such a way that the
    bubble edge moves back and forth across this coil, then you will
    induce a changing current that can be extracted.

    If the coil tapping the energy is bifilar, it would not suffer
    magnetic repulsions due to back emf. If under load, it would work
    like a homopolar generator, where the dissipation of produced power
    for any size load would not increase the energy needed to drive the
    motor driving the generator.

    Another key point, I think, is that the bubble must be tuned to the
    frequency at which it will be driven, say 60 Hz, to get the greatest
    Q (coupling of energy).

    Resonance is thus necessary to be able to tap the extra energy. Much
    like tapping a swing at precisely the right moment, with precisely
    enough energy to overcome internal resistances, eventually the
    inertia of the mass (or energy) will reach a point where other
    forces can e added and tapped.

    Alan Dubla has recently put up a new site dedicated to the Sweet
    VTA. Alan has achieved what appears to be the same magnetic bubble
    that Don did.

    In closing, there is one other point I’d like to make; when I asked
    Donny about the programming of the magnet with the 60 Hz wave, he
    said it could be any frequency. Don also said that once a magnet was
    programmed, you could touch a scope probe to the magnet and you
    would see a very weak 60 Hz wave on the screen.

    I asked if this could be simply picking up background 60 Hz from the
    wall wiring and Don insisted it was not. I did not see this test
    since we were at the conference and he was just describing it.
    Perhaps he had programmed in another frequency and could see that on
    the scope, maybe even put the magnet and scope in a Faraday cage.
    Lots of room for experiment here…

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Letter: Tom Bearden to Dr Jon Noring*

    February 28, 1992

    Tom Bearden
    2311 Big Cove Road
    Huntsville, AL 35801

    Dr. Jon Noring
    1312 Carlton Place
    Livermore, CA 94550

    Dear Jon:

    Thanks for sending along the extract of comments on the papers.
    Perhaps I can add a thing or two that will shed a little more light
    on some of this. First, let's settle the matter of whether this is a
    scam by persons after money. It isn't. There are no stock plans.
    Nobody wants any "investment." No one would accept it if it were
    offered. The inventor presently has a sufficient small income for
    his small needs. I work every day as a senior engineer, and support
    myself adequately in that fashion. I'm also retired from the U.S.
    Army with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Also, it is certainly
    quite true that the burden of proof is fully upon Sweet and me. That
    proof can only be achieved by independent test and certification by
    agencies and scientists of impeccable credentials and with no formal
    connection to the project. Until that is done, we totally accept
    that what we have said will not be believed, and should not be
    believed. I will say this: I have absolutely no control of the
    invention, and absolutely no say in its direction. It is totally
    Sweet's invention.

    If I had had my own fervent wish, formal submission for independent
    testing and certification (or falsification) by the scientific
    community would have been accomplished in 1987. Let it also be noted
    that an inventor has agreements and/or (with other) parties
    involved; he is often not legally free to do exactly as he might
    wish. The best we can presently ask is that the readers keep an open
    but highly skeptical mind, until such independent certification is
    forthcoming. If it isn't forthcoming, then trash the whole thing in
    file 13.

    To try to address the gist of many of the other comments, let me
    point out that we are referring to two key mathematical papers:
    Whittaker 1903 as cited, and Whittaker 1904 as cited. Let me urge
    all persons who commented on the lack of mathematics to please at
    least study those two papers intensely. Let me summarize what they
    actually show, rigorously.

    In the first paper, Whittaker shows that, completely at odds with
    the present scientific view, the electrostatic scalar potential has
    a totally unsuspected and highly organized bidirectional EM internal
    structure. It's actually composed of paired EM waves, each going in
    opposite directions (and in my view, one being the phase conjugate
    of the other). Further, the bidirectional pairs are phaselocked and
    in a harmonic sequence. So what the potential is actually composed
    of is a Fourier-type harmonic expansion, directly coupled with its
    time-reversed twin set, in a one-to-one ratio, with all the harmonic
    twin waves phase-locked.

    Normally, in electromagnetics one just gives a magnitude to the
    potential at each point and leaves it at that. However, Whittaker
    shows that the potential at a point actually encompasses a
    magnificent, hidden, highly organized flow of EM waves and energy
    into and out of that point. Although there may be no net EM
    forcefield at the point, the "hidden interior" energy flow through
    the point to and from the surrounding space is filled with EM forces
    and waves in dynamic motion.

    This leads to a real quandary in the assumed nature of a scalar
    potential, in my view: Instead of being a passive or simple scalar
    sort of thing that just has a convolution magnitude and sometimes an
    external gradient in that magnitude, it's a new kind of entity that
    is scalar externally, with gradients between adjacent external
    points, but at the same time it's totally dynamic, vectorial, and
    energetically organized "inside."

    "Further, it would seem to be in hidden hyperspatial EM
    communication with every other point in the universe, at least in
    the simple case. The basic thing, I think, is that Whittaker seems
    to delocalize the notion of the potential, extending it into
    hyperspace with respect to its internal EM energy flow. If someone
    on the net could put that into more precise language, I'd be very
    grateful.

    In my picture of it, as shown by Whittaker the seemingly quite
    placid scalar potential is an unsuspecting vector EM dynamo inside.
    In early 1987 I simply took the Whittaker picture of the potential's
    internal bidirectional EM waves seriously, and realized that these
    internal hidden EM waves didn't translate electrons in the electron
    shells of atoms, but instead penetrated to the nucleus directly.
    That meant that, in simply having a stress potential added to a
    material, one effectively had "pumping" EM waves connected directly
    to the atomic nuclei through hyperspace, bypassing the electron
    shells' usual Faraday shielding interaction.

    One can fairly readily build EM wave oppositions in proper harmonic,
    phase-locked Whittaker fashion, and so one can make and use an EM
    gradient-free potential construction entirely of bidirectional
    waves. This construction is such that :

    (1) a normal electron-wiggle detector instrument doesn't even "see" it,

    (2) the internal wave EM reaches directly to the nucleus and affects
    it and

    (3) it consists of EM "pump" waves in the nonlinear phase conjugate
    mirror sense.

    All that was needed then was to simply extract the standard pumped
    phase conjugate mirror equations from nonlinear optics and apply
    them to this "potentialized" or "Whittaker-pumped" nucleus of the
    atom. That mean that the nucleus should now be a pumped phase
    conjugate mirror. However, it still needs one small thing added.
    Sweet did one additional thing: he superposed a 60-Hz modulation on
    the envelope of the Whittaker bidirectional waveset.

    In other words, the external amplitude of the artificially
    constructed stress potential was oscillated at 60 Hz. [Note that the
    external amplitude of the potential is what is in our 3-space; the
    internal Whittaker EM biwaves are BEYOND 3-space. The nucleus is a
    hyperspatial or higher topological entity when the Whittaker
    structures of its potentials are taken into account.]

    Sweet personally discovered the activation procedure (which he still
    holds proprietary) for causing this 60-Hz oscillation to be taken up
    and self-sustained by the barium nucleus (we assume that it's the
    barium nucleus involved, because it won't work with any other kind
    of magnet except a barium ferrite magnet). Self- oscillation of
    barium compounds is well-known in the phase conjugate mirror optical
    literature. However, most of the papers I've been able to find on
    self-pumping mirrors have achieved the self-pumping only at optical
    frequencies.

    I've not been able to find anything else at ELF self- oscillation
    frequencies. I will say that, if Sweet's 6-lb unit is not in the
    self-oscillation (activated, or self-pumping) condition, you won't
    get a microwatt out of it, no matter what you do! If it's in the
    self-oscillation condition but at essentially "normal" nuclear
    potential, you will only get a few watts out, say, something like
    six watts.

    Sweet increased the nuclear potential and its 60-Hz oscillation,
    trapping it in the barium nucleus also as part of the activation,
    whereupon much greater electrical power is extractable from the
    device. He also worked out the device design so that its objective
    output voltage was 120 volts, for an input voltage of 10 volts (at
    33 microamps). This small 1/3 milliwatt 60 Hz input corresponds to
    the signal wave in PPCM theory.

    The entire device is, in my view, just a special self-pumped phase
    conjugate mirror, precisely like what is already in the standard
    literature, self-pumping and all. It's just self-pumped at ELF
    frequencies, and in a very special manner. It is being fed by
    self-oscillating hidden EM biwave (pumpwave) energy directly from
    the surrounding vacuum. [The EM energy of the vacuum
    intercommunicates internally through the hyperspatial Whittaker
    channels of the vacuum. The gradient in the potential magnitude
    represents the EM energy entering our 3-space by local scalar
    interferometry.]

    I also quoted a reference that shows that the local vacuum
    immediately around a nucleus is structured by the nucleus and can be
    considered and treated as a special sort of semiconductor. One can
    visualize, then, that the 60-Hz trapped self-oscillation is between
    that local semiconductor vacuum and the potentialized barium
    nucleus. In other words, in the self-oscillating nuclear potential
    it is both the local vacuum and the nucleus that are oscillating, at
    180 degrees phase from each other. That means that there is a
    rhythmic inflow and outflow of potential (Whittaker biwaves)
    envelope magnitude gradient, to and from the nucleus, exchanged to
    and from the local semiconductor vacuum. Note what we're talking about.

    You've got to get the hyperspatial EM energy exchange of the vacuum
    "gated" or" shifted" into our 3-space, from hyperspace. Whittaker's
    1904 paper can be interpreted as showing that (1) the gradient in
    the potential represents the 3-space aspect, and (2) any such
    potential gradient in 3-space is produced by scalar interferometry
    (interference of the hyperspatial vector EM wave interiors of scalar
    potentials.)

    So Sweet's 60-Hz modulation of the nuclear potential's amplitude
    represents a 3-space oscillating flow of EM vector energy, in and
    out of the nucleus from the surrounding semiconductor vacuum. If you
    properly introduce a signal wave to that "activated" or self- pumped
    nucleus (once it's got a 3-space oscillating EM vector flow), then
    by standard textbook theory you are going to get out up to all the
    energy in the pump waves, coming forth from the "nucleus-mirror" as
    an amplified phase conjugate replica (PCR) of the small signal wave
    input.

    By the standard distortion correction theorem, that amplified PCR
    wave will travel back along the path taken by the signal wave. In
    other words, you've got organized EM energy coming out of the nuclei
    as a coherent EM wave, through the electron shells, into the
    material lattice, and on out of there into the external circuit. At
    that point, one simply taps onto it (e.g., by magnetic induction),
    and you can extract and gate the amplified energy wherever you wish
    in the external circuit. Note that the 60-Hz self-oscillation energy
    comes in from the local vacuum to the nucleus, on the inflow or
    "intake" cycle. If you gate some of it on out of the nucleus
    externally, instead of letting it flow back to the local
    semiconductor vacuum, the adjacent vacuum surrounding the
    semiconductor just promptly replenishes the local vacuum potential.
    It has to do so, because of the nonlocal hyperspatial EM energy flow
    in the Whittaker structure of the potential in the first place. You
    can draw EM energy out of those internal EM waves in the Whittaker
    structure of the potential, and the electrical charges establishing
    that potential will continue to "pump out" virtual photons and
    replenish the potential.

    It can be seen that the potentials between the self-pumping nuclei
    are self-cohering (in their internal EM) throughout the mirror
    material by what is called "self-targeting," but that is another
    story too long to detail here. The second (1904) Whittaker paper I
    cited is also quite revealing. Here's what it shows. Rigorously, you
    can replace all of classical forcefield EM with scalar potential
    interferometry. Period. Note that this paper actually incorporates
    the Aharonov-Bohm effect, decades before Aharonov and Bohm's seminal
    1959 paper. It also drastically extends it, for it is dealing with
    macroscopic effects, not just mesoscopic. Also, please note that
    scalar interferometry is not an oxymoron,in spite of being so
    labeled by one eminent scientist.

    If you realize that the scalar potential is totally vectorial in its
    Whittaker internal composition, and comprised of multiple EM waves,
    then when one interferes two scalar EM potentials, one is simply
    doing multiple wave interferometry simultaneously. It's perfectly
    good "wave" interferometry; it's just a whole bunch of it at once.
    And the wave interference actually connects hyperspace EM waves with
    3-space EM waves. The hyperspatial EM wave interference creates
    3-space EM potential gradients (forcefields), including both statics
    and dynamics. To sum up my view of the Whittaker papers, here's what
    they add to physics:

    (1) They add a second and completely new kind of electromagnetics, a
    hidden hyperspatial EM wave communication inside the scalar
    potential. Since the magnitude of the scalar potential from a single
    point charge does not reach zero until an infinite radial distance
    is reached, then each point charge communicates electromagnetically
    with each other point in the universe, through the hidden Whittaker
    EM hyperspace channel. It communicates via hidden (hyperspatial) EM
    waves that a normal EM detector does not even see.

    (2) The papers allow replacing all notions of external [3- space] EM
    force fields, waves, etc. with scalar interferometry of potentials
    [hyperspatial EM wave interferometry].

    (3) by adding the "internal" EM energy and its hyperspatial "hidden
    variable" communication, the two papers do in fact extend each of
    the three disciplines: classical EM, QM,and general relativity.

    Indeed, they force consideration of a sort of "action at a
    distance," where by scalar interferometry the local vacuum potential
    and the local spacetime itself are altered and interact with the
    system in unexpected manners.

    Since the Whittaker internal EM energy extension set is the same in
    each case, it is my view that adding the Whittaker internal EM does
    unify the three extended disciplines. Note that it does not change
    the three present subsets. We might also ask the following:

    Can anyone show any paper in the literature, other than the
    Whittaker work and the other two recent papers I cited, that deals
    with this internal organized EM inside the scalar potential? If so,
    I've personally been unable to find it, and would very much
    appreciate the reference.

    Does there exist any other paper in the literature that treats the
    atomic nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror? I would very much
    appreciate the references, if there are any.

    Are there any papers at all in the literature, where research has
    been conducted in actually making the Whittaker-type of simultaneous
    wave/antiwave structure as an artificial scalar potential, in beams,
    and performing scalar beam interferometry with it on materials and
    systems at a distance __ e.g., say at three feet in the laboratory?
    If so, I'd again very much appreciate the references.

    It is my strong feeling that we must get such things looked into by
    the universities and by sharp physicists and graduate students. The
    Whittaker approach and the concept of using the nucleus of the atom
    as a pumped phase conjugate mirror that one can externally engineer
    electromagnetically, do seem to lead to some startling things on the
    bench. But presently the phenomenology is so completely unknown and
    unexpected that I fear we may never have a true science and
    technology here unless university-level work is done on it. Indeed,
    it's going to take some good theorists and some good
    experimentalists both.

    I might add that Sweet is incorporating the Whittaker theory into
    his EM theory of the device, and I expect him to publish that in the
    future for peer review and examination. His wife died recently,
    however, and so that part of the effort has been setback for a time.
    Sweet is a good theorist (I am not), and he is an especially good
    magnetics engineer of high caliber. He is also, in my opinion, a
    genius on the experimental bench.

    *** He has other highly unusual EM inventions which may *** receive
    more publicity in the future.

    I believe that, for the quaternions, the best way to describe EM
    expressed in quaternions (or better yet, in Clifford algebra) is to
    note that the EM thus expressed has a higher topology. It seems that
    you can get EM effects in the higher topology that a rigorous
    orthodox EM analysis will never reveal or appreciate.

    A very interesting reference to check in this respect --- by a
    highly capable scientist, and with all the mathematics --- is T.W.
    Barrett, "Tesla's nonlinear oscillator-shuttle-circuit (OSC)
    theory," /Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie/, 16(1), 1991,p.
    23-41.

    Indeed, I'm attracted to the notion that my own concept of the
    nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror could also possibly be
    expressed in terms of Barrett's OSC exposition. This is particularly
    attractive because Barrett points out that in the higher topology
    the nonlinear optics effects are achievable by circuits and devices
    themselves, without the presence of laser- matter interactions as
    such. He also cites a document number 225395, 1988, U.S. Patent
    Office, where the OSC theory was originally disclosed.

    The complete mathematics for decomposition of the electrostatic
    scalar potential into bidirectional EM wave sets in harmonic phase-
    locked series is in E.T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential
    equations of mathematical physics," /Mathematische Annalen/, Vol.
    57, 1903, p. 333-355.

    The complete mathematical proof that classical EM can be completely
    replaced with scalar potential interferometry is in E.T. Whittaker,
    "On an expression of the electromagnetic field due to electrons by
    means of two scalar potential functions," /Proceedings of the London
    Mathematical Society/, Series 2, Vol. 1, 1904, p. 367-372.

    I believe Whittaker actually orally delivered both papers in 1903.
    Review and commentary from the network scientists on the two
    Whittaker papers, and on the significance of the Whittaker papers or
    lack of it, would be most deeply appreciated. Particularly desired
    would be the results of any experiments performed in scalar
    potential interferometry, at a mild distance (say, three feet) where
    each of the two interfering potentials is artificially constructed
    of multiple phase-locked harmonics and their true phase conjugate
    waves in one-to-one magnitude ratio. We accent that at least one
    harmonic interval, and preferably more than that, are essential.

    Sincerely,

    Tom Bearden

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Progress Report on the Sweet Vacuum Triode*

    *T. E. Bearden*

    Updated Jan. 29, 1992

    *Phase I Operation Completed*

    In 1991 we ended Phase I, and began the opening round of Phase II of
    our decades-long operation. Phase I was to alert the free nations to
    the dangers of Soviet scalar EM weapons, and the necessity of
    countering them. That phase has been successfully completed. There
    are now three other nations --- not hostile to the U.S. --- that
    have developed and deployed scalar EM weaponry. The Soviets/KGB are
    soundly checked by these three nations, with regards to scalar EM
    weaponry.

    *Phase II Operation Begun*

    The goal of the phase II operation is to get cheap, clean energy
    from the vacuum, obtain antigravity, and develop scalar EM healing
    of notorious diseases such as cancer, leukemia, AIDS, etc. In this
    phase we are now publishing papers in the orthodox literature that
    carry the message. Our target is the bright young graduate students
    and postdoctoral candidates who are becoming increasingly curious in
    this area. We will try to get as many of these interested as
    possible. The idea is to have about 100 "seed cells", in major
    universities, so that these young tigers do the necessary
    phenomenology experiments and produce the necessary theory
    extensions. If we can reach that number of seed cells, then those
    young Turks will turn over the present physics. That Phase II
    operation has begun.

    *Two Fundamental Papers Published*

    For example, in mid-1991 we gave (in absentia) two fundamental
    papers to a very large symposium (IECEC '91) in the Boston area. The
    symposium was sponsored by IEEE, AIAA, and many of the other leading
    technical societies of the U.S. The two papers are published in the
    Proceedings by the American Nuclear Society.[1,2]

    One of these papers [1] tells what is wrong with quantum mechanics,
    electromagnetics, and general relativity - that is, what actually
    prevents their unification. It also tells what has to be done to
    unify them. I emphasize that the thesis in this paper is testable on
    the laboratory bench; it isn't just conjecture.

    The second paper [2] is rather unique, to say the least. In it I
    openly released the basic universal mechanism that is capable of
    directly tapping the potential energy of the vacuum,
    electromagnetically. That's a secret eventually worth billions of
    dollars; I freely gave it to everyone. I discovered the theoretical
    mechanism, so it was mine to give. The paper reported on Floyd
    Sweet's (my colleague for several years) vacuum triode which
    successfully taps the vacuum's virtual photon flux energy to produce
    500 watts of time-reversed electrical power, with only 330
    microwatts of normal power input. That device has been in existence
    since 1987 or earlier.

    *The Fundamental Mechanism Is Proven*

    There are several hundred papers in the nonlinear optics literature
    that prove that the fundamental pumped phase conjugate mirror (PPCM)
    mechanism works, in the macroscopic world. I seem to have been (in
    1986/87) the first person to openly treat the nucleus of the atom as
    a PPCM.

    In a proprietary 1986 draft and later 1987 paper given to Sweet, I
    produced the basic theory of how Sweet's vacuum triode device (which
    then was producing 6 watts output) was tapping the vacuum energy. To
    do so, I treated the Whittaker bidirectional EM wave components of a
    scalar EM potential --- introduced onto the nucleus --- as a set of
    wave/antiwave pairs or pump waves.

    This application simply uses the internal scalar potential's
    internal structuring as clearly established by Whittaker in 1903.[3]

    With the internal Whittaker wave/antiwave structure, one can
    establish a self-oscillation (self-pumping) on the barium nucleus,
    in and of the virtual photon flux (VPF) exchange between the nucleus
    and its immediately surrounding vacuum.[4]

    When that is successfully done, the material containing the barium
    (in Sweet's case, barium ferrite magnets) is activated. That is, VPF
    exchange energy is rhythmically flowing into the barium nucleus and
    back out again in a 60 Hz wave --- as a wave of pure VPF stress
    potential; a pure scalar EM wave, which is composed of (and can be
    decomposed into) phase-locked AM oscillations of the set of
    Whittaker biwaves composing the potential.

    With this Whittaker decomposition, the self-oscillating barium
    nucleus is then a self-pumped phase conjugate mirror. Note that this
    "nucleus as a pumped phase conjugate mirror" approach is a universal
    scheme for tapping the trapped energy in a massless scalar EM
    potential in the vacuum, without depleting the potential.

    The potential in the vacuum is a function of vacuum VPF activity;
    the potential is continually replenished by the vacuum itself. The
    EM energy trapped inside the potential can be tapped forever, if the
    potential is not bled off by translating electrons (or other charged
    particles).

    Then all that remains to be done to tap this vacuum-furnished
    "pumping" energy, is to utilize standard 4-wave mixing theory from
    nonlinear optics, and introduce a small signal wave input. By
    standard textbook theory, up to all the energy in the pump waves
    will then be emitted by the nucleus as a phase conjugate replica
    (PCR) (time-reversed replica) of the signal wave input.

    In other words, an amplified EM energy wave --- in this case, 60 Hz
    --- will come from the self-pumped nuclei and will backtrack the
    path taken by the signal wave, in accordance with the so-called
    distortion correction theorem of orthodox nonlinear optics.[5]

    In this fashion, the energy in a potential established in vacuum can
    be directly tapped, taken from the VPF exchange with the nucleus,
    and gated out of the atom and into the external circuit, to power an
    external load.

    *The Secret of Overunity EM Devices*

    THIS "NUCLEUS AS A PUMPED PHASE CONJUGATE MIRROR" MECHANISM IS THE
    FUNDAMENTAL SECRET OF ALL LEGITIMATE OVER-UNITY DEVICES THAT TAP
    VACUUM ENERGY.

    The tapping device is not a closed system, but is open to the flow
    of energy from the vacuum to the nuclei and back. All systems
    everywhere are open to this in-and-out VPF flux exchange anyway.
    Normally, however, the two VPF flows --- in and out --- are equal
    and opposite, and so the energy exchange between vacuum and nucleus
    is in equilibrium. In that case, none of the VPF exchange energy is
    gated out to the external circuit.

    In the "activated" case, however, the two VPF flows (between the
    nucleus and the vacuum) are not equal, because part of the flow
    energy that accumulates in the in-surge into the nucleus is gated
    out of the atom and into the external circuit.

    Hence the vacuum/nucleus flux exchange system is not locally in
    equilibrium, because part of the in-flow is being gated by 4-wave
    mixing accomplished in the PPCM barium nuclei, into forming an
    organized PCR wave, which in turn goes on out of the atom instead of
    back to the vacuum. Any local vacuum energy extracted is just
    instantly replaced by the surrounding vacuum - just as a raging
    ocean instantly refills the hole left in dipping out a spoonful of
    water.

    So in the self-oscillating PPCM nucleus, part of the vacuum influx
    energy is gated into an organized phase conjugate replica (PCR)
    wave, instead of simply being flux-exchanged back to the local
    vacuum. This amplified PCR wave backtracks the path previously taken
    by the input 60 Hz signal wave, and thus proceeds out of the
    vacuum-pumped nuclei, through the atom's electron shells, into and
    through the material lattice, and arrives in the outer circuit,
    which is connected to the external electrical load.

    The device thus powers the external load directly off the energy
    organized and gated from the local vacua surrounding the excited,
    activated, self-pumped barium nuclei. Floyd Sweet's Vacuum Triode

    In his second vacuum triode, Sweet obtained 500 watts of negative
    electrical power out (at 60 Hz and 120 volts), with an input (signal
    wave, in nonlinear optical PPCM terminology) of only 330 microwatts
    (10 volts, 33 x 10^-6 amps) from a small 60 Hz oscillator. That's
    about a 1,500,000 power gain. Not too bad at all.

    Sweet later "close-looped" the device, tapping off a wee bit of the
    output, and using it as the rigidly clamped positive-feedback input.
    So his later devices put out 500 watts, directly from the vacuum,
    without any external input at all.

    Sweet has also built devices having 1,000 watt output and 5,000 watt
    output. The devices also are solid state, with no moving parts.

    A nominal Sweet device outputs 1,000 watts of time-reversed (PCR) EM
    power at 60 Hz and 120 volts. It weighs 6 pounds, and can be rigged
    to simultaneously produce antigravity, while it is producing its
    negative power.

    However, there are still some serious problems with stability, etc.
    Also, there are serious legal problems, and in fact the entire thing
    has been in litigation. It may be that nothing will ever be possible
    with this device, because of the horrendous legal entanglements. But
    the device is real, it works (albeit it is just a laboratory
    demonstration device, and not at all a production-ready model). It
    proves the principles, and the report is now in the standard
    literature.

    *World's First Antigravity Success*

    Also, to prove the scalar EM interpretation of gravity and
    antigravity, at my urgent request in 1987, Sweet specially rigged
    the device for antigravity production. In the cited paper we report
    on the highly successful result.

    The 6-lb. weight of the object was reduced in periodic stages by
    90%, on a scale on the lab bench, in a totally controlled, smooth,
    slow, sustained experiment without transients or sudden surges,
    jerks, etc. At the same time, the device was steadily producing
    negative electrical power.

    In fact, the method of producing antigravity in a "rigged" unit is
    simply to force it to process more negative power through the
    nucleus. Gravitational energy is negative energy, and gravitational
    power is negative power, as is well known.

    It follows that to first order, antigravity can be regarded as
    simply the outputting or ejecting of negative energy from the atomic
    nucleus, through the electron shells and into an external load,
    rather than return of the negative VPF energy back to the vacuum
    from the nucleus.

    The curve is reproduced in the paper, and printed in the
    proceedings. I had qualitatively predicted the results, prior to the
    experiment.

    What is not printed in the proceedings is that, with another more
    powerful model, Sweet has actually fully levitated the entire 6-lb
    unit, and "flown" it above the bench, via this approach to antigravity.

    So the scalar EM theory works. It's still tricky, and we're just at
    the stage that normal EM went through with "cat fur, glass rods, and
    pith balls." But slowly we're getting there. Still, we desperately
    need to develop good instrumentation for detecting (1) the absolute
    scalar potential, including its magnitude, and (2) the exact
    Whittaker bidirectional EM wave harmonic structure of the scalar
    potential. We know how to approach that problem, but it will be
    quite expensive, and funding to do that has simply never been
    available.

    *"Energy" Is Presently Incorrectly Defined*

    To illustrate just how poorly some of the foundations of normal
    science (including physics) are known, let me point out that the
    present definition of energy is totally wrong. Now there's a real
    attention grabber of a statement! Can I prove it? Let's see.

    The present "definition" of energy in science is usually stated
    something like this. "Energy is the capacity to do work." Well, that
    statement happens to be totally, hopelessly false. It isn't even
    correct logic. Here's why.

    What is work? Ultimately, work is the scattering (disordering) of
    energy. We can always resort to calorimetry, e.g., and determine the
    warming of a solution (such as water) by a mechanically-powered
    paddlewheel, to convert mechanical energy to heat energy, etc. But
    in QM, all mechanical forces are generated by the exchange of
    virtual photons, so even mechanical force is electromagnetic at
    base. Hence mechanical force times distance is also EM-generated, at
    its causative base. Eventually, mechanical and electromagnetic work
    involves the scattering of EM energy.

    So substituting for the term "work" in the accepted definition of
    energy, the standard definition is really this: "Energy is the
    (capacity to do) scattering of energy."[6] That's logically
    contradictory. It says that energy is just its own scattering! And
    that's nonsense.

    Try it on the notion of a fishhook. I can truthfully state: "A
    fishhook can be used to catch fish." That's perfectly okay. However,
    we cannot accurately define a fishhook as "A fishhook IS the
    capacity to catch fish." That's a non sequitur. We can say,
    accurately, that "a fishhook HAS the (innate) capacity to catch
    fish," and that is accurate. That's just a statement about
    fishhooks, it is not a definition. But we cannot say that "a
    fishhook IS the capacity to catch fish." Indeed, a fishhook IS a
    bent piece of wire, where one end is usually curved with a barb on
    the tip.

    Similarly, we can say that "energy HAS the capacity to do work," and
    that is logically accurate. In that form, it's just a statement of
    one of the things that energy can be used to do. One can, by
    scattering the energy, do work --- since work is just the scattering
    of energy in the first place. But one cannot say that "Energy IS the
    capacity to do work." A thing cannot be defined as just its own
    scattering!

    I find it remarkable --- even astounding --- that generations of
    scientists and engineers have apparently failed to notice this
    simple, elementary fact. Could it be that all the physicists and
    engineers are presently wrong in their notion as to precisely what
    energy IS? If so, then (one might say) what, pray tell, is it? What
    is energy anyway?

    *A Fundamental Redefinition of Energy*

    Here's the precise definition: ENERGY IS ANY ORDERING, EITHER STATIC
    OR DYNAMIC, IN THE VIRTUAL PARTICLE FLUX OF VACUUM. Period. Note
    that energy overall refers to the flux of any and all kinds of
    virtual particles in the vacuum. It can be any kind of ordering
    imposed in or on any or some or all of those particle fluxes.

    But when you put an adjective modifier in front of the word
    "energy", then you have selected a particular type of flux. In that
    case you have to discriminate the type of quantum particle of the
    field, comprising the flux that is being referred to. Like the
    following:

    *Definition of Electromagnetic Energy*

    Electromagnetic energy is any ordering, either static or dynamic, in
    the virtual photon flux of vacuum. In other words, for a field
    energy, one selects only the type of particle in the VPF that is the
    quantum particle of that field.

    Let's continue: Nowhere in physics --- in all of physics --- does
    there appear a legitimate definition of the electrostatic scalar
    potential. The normal "definition" utilized or advanced is a
    prescription for calculating its magnitude. I could not find a
    single physicist or electrical engineer who could accurately define
    it. So I went to QM and dug out what it is, myself. Let's continue:

    *Definitions of Some Types of Potentials*

    A potential is any ordering, either static or dynamic or combination
    thereof, in the virtual particle flux of vacuum.

    Note that, according to this definition, a potential is pure energy,
    a priori. But we must be careful. Because of the nature of the
    virtual particle flux comprising it, the potential is a collection
    of individual virtual energies --- a collection of the individual
    energies of a host of individually moving virtual particles. Each
    particle is still almost totally separate from each other, most of
    the time. In other words, as an informal analogy, potential is a
    sort of mostly disintegrated energy, which only has just a touch of
    integration, enough to allow it to be referred to as a single
    "collection" or "ordering."

    A scalar potential is any static (stationary) ordering in the
    virtual particle flux of vacuum. A vector potential is any dynamic
    (nonstationary) ordering in the virtual particle flux of vacuum. So
    scalar potentials and vector potentials are simply different subsets
    of the energy domain.

    An electrostatic scalar potential is any static (stationary)
    ordering in the virtual photon flux of vacuum. And so on.

    Now those are all precise definitions. To the best of my knowledge,
    they have not previously appeared in physics.

    *Internal Wave Structure of A Scalar Potential*

    However, with respect to the electrostatic scalar potential, one
    still has a conceptual problem. Any photon in the vacuum must of
    necessity be moving at an average velocity of c, it would seem. So
    how does one have a "stationary" ordering of these extremely fast
    photons? In other words, how do you catch and "hold stationary" a
    particle that's moving at luminal velocity, and have it still
    continuing to move that fast?

    It's simply a special case of a kind of "standing wave" stationary
    solution by another name. Indeed, Whittaker decomposes the scalar
    potential into bidirectional pairs (in a harmonic series) of EM
    waves.[7] In other words, a scalar electrostatic potential
    internally consists of --- and is composed of --- paired EM waves,
    passing through each other, in pairs in a harmonic set. Sort of like
    a Fourier expansion set of harmonic waves, coupled with its phase
    conjugate set that is present at the same time. Notice that the
    harmonic wavepairs are phase-locked in frequency and time.

    Hence this structure establishes an organized, standing, stationary
    spatiotemporal lattice directly in the vacuum potential. It is
    strongly pointed out that this represents a local organization and
    structuring of spacetime itself.

    Further, a given potential created by our circuits is a change in
    the trapped local EM energy of the vacuum. It therefore represents a
    local curvature of spacetime, and this local curvature is
    Whittaker-structured.

    *Gravitons, Photons, and Antiphotons*

    So we look at one pair of Whittaker waves, at its wave and antiwave
    components. We point out that the antiwave is a true phase conjugate
    (time-reversal) twin of the wave. In that wave/antiwave pair,
    photons in the wave are moving forward (say, from left to right) in
    one direction, and antiphotons in the antiwave are moving back (say,
    from right to left). In other words, photons and antiphotons are
    present and constantly meeting each other in each wave/antiwave pair.

    Further, the antiwave is precisely coupled to the wave by phase
    conjugation. This requires that photons and antiphotons are also
    continually and precisely coupling - which they can do and will do
    if one is a precise phase conjugate of the other --- and decoupling.
    But when momentarily coupled, the photon/antiphoton pair have
    helicity 2. In other words, at that moment the paired system
    (couple) is stationary. As a crude visual model, each may be
    visualized as "whirling around" (orbiting) the other momentarily, so
    that each has tangential velocity c, but oppositely directed,
    producing a spin-2 system that is momentarily "trapped" and not
    translating.[8] In this fashion a photon may be "spatially trapped"
    in a graviton system, but the individual photon may still be moving
    with tangential velocity c, even though the graviton system is
    stationary.

    Thus what we have in the Whittaker bidirectional wave structure of
    the scalar EM potential is the continual formation and dissolution
    of stationary spin-2 gravitons, with photons and antiphotons
    continually entering and exiting each coupling position. The
    gravitons resulting from the photon coupling/uncoupling are
    statistical, for they are continually being created and destroyed.

    Those statistical gravitons are what comprise the "electrostatic
    scalar potential," and constitute the convolution of the locally
    trapped photons. Consequently, the local EM energy trapped in the
    scalar EM potential exists in that form.

    Note that, because of the arrangement of the photon/antiphoton pairs
    into a harmonic series, all the EM waves in the entire Whittaker set
    are phase-locked, as are the gravitons. This means that the
    phase-locked graviton sets represent an ordered spacetime graviton
    lattice --- containing EM energy ordered both dynamically and
    statically in frequency, energy, space, and time.

    So, the scalar electrostatic potential is actually a hidden graviton
    latticing organization of local spacetime itself.

    *Photon Interaction And Newton's Third Law*

    It follows that, in photon interactions, normally we actually have a
    bust-up of a graviton, so that we have two photon interactions,[9]
    not one, as follows: (1) the freed forward-time photon interacts
    with the shell electrons of the atom, which is the reaction
    contained in the textbooks, and (2) the freed time-reversed
    antiphoton interacts with the nucleus of the atom to produce
    Newton's third law reaction force.[10]

    *The Scalar Potential Is Gravitational*

    Now that we know that the scalar potential is comprised of
    gravitons, we can understand why the potential is gravitational (as
    is well-known in general relativity.)[11] We also realize something
    even more important: We realize precisely how gravitational
    potential is made and sustained electromagnetically. In other words,
    we now understand electrogravitation. Note that, so far, we have
    described a very "linear" condition in spacetime, where the local
    spacetime from one point to its neighboring points does not change
    in the photon coupling constituency of the graviton lattice. Such a
    spacetime is locally flat.

    *Curved and Flat Local Spacetimes*

    However, it follows that we also should be able to do some nonlinear
    things to make the average photon/antiphoton coupling differ from
    spin-2. In that case, we can have some multiple photon couplings
    greater than helicity 2. We can also have the occasional failure of
    photon and antiphoton to couple, so that the average coupling is
    less than helicity 2.

    Because of the continual creation and annihilation of gravitons, in
    describing "the" graviton we are speaking of the average photon
    coupling over a finite time, where the average smooths and becomes a
    constant value, and where by "photon" we refer to both photons and
    antiphotons.

    If so, we then have this characteristic: If the average photon
    coupling in the vacuum EM potential is spin-2, then that's the
    "linear" coupling case, and the local spacetime is flat (uncurved).
    If the average coupling is less than spin-2, then the local
    spacetime is curved in one direction. It is deficient in photons for
    its preferred coupling, so it acts as a photon sink, or EM energy
    sink. So to speak, such a potential/vacuum/spacetime has "unfilled
    photon holes --- sort of a slightly depleted "Dirac photon sea." On
    the other hand, if the average coupling is greater than spin-2, the
    local spacetime is curved in the opposite direction. It has a
    surplus of photons, so it acts as a photon source --- in other
    words, as an EM energy source. In this case, it is a sort of
    "excited Dirac photon sea."

    Just as the spacetime/vacuum possesses a negative energy sea of
    Dirac electrons, so it possesses a negative energy sea of photons.
    When it's flat, all the negative energy "holes" are filled with
    virtual photons. When it's curved in one direction, some of the
    holes are empty, and the local spacetime will "absorb" some
    available photons. When it's curved in the other direction, an
    excess of virtual photons/antiphotons are crammed in there in excess
    of the holes, so the spacetime will emit photons and serve as an
    energy source.

    Remember that spacetime/vacuum to first order is just scalar
    potential. We can have a negative or a positive potential, as a
    delta compared to the normal or ambient vacuum potential. And when
    we speak of curved spacetime, we are just talking about a surplus or
    shortage of trapped photon energy coupling density to comprise the
    local vacuum/potential.

    *Potential, Vacuum, Spacetime, and Energy*

    The four words, potential, vacuum, spacetime, and static energy turn
    out to be essentially identities. Also, all of them have a dynamic
    substructure. That is, a vacuum per se is structured/ordered, since
    it is essentially a scalar potential. To first order, it is an
    electrostatic scalar EM potential, in the manner shown by Whittaker
    to have an internal bidirectional EM wave harmonic structure.

    A spacetime is internally structured; this provides direct access to
    "hyperspace" engineering, since the "internal" part of spacetime is
    hyperspatial, mathematically. But with the Whittaker approach, it is
    straightforward to directly engineer this internal hyperspace aspect.

    The ultimate engineering is hyperspatial engineering, vacuum
    engineering, engineering of potentials, engineering of vacuum
    engines, energizing the vacuum, energizing spacetime, structuring
    the local curvature of spacetime, engineering the internal
    electromagnetics, etc. All these things are identically the same
    thing. They are all part of scalar electromagnetics.

    Interference of vacua/potentials generates what we call EM waves in
    vacuum.[12] These waves may move either time-forward or time-
    reversed (antiwaves). You can also engineer this direct scalar
    interferometry to produce, stabilize, and control EM energy, in
    static or dynamic form, as Whittaker showed in 1904, even at a
    distance.[13]

    *Overunity Condition: Tapping The Potential*

    So, as you might surmise, in scalar EM we can curve local spacetime,
    and use it as either a source or a sink of EM energy. Once we pay to
    move a set of charges so as to establish a particular excitation and
    structure to the local or distant spacetime, so long as we do not
    allow the depletion of the charges, they continue to "pump" virtual
    photons (that is what electric charge is, according to QM) and
    sustain that particular active/excited/ energetic
    spacetime/vacuum/potential. If virtual EM photon energy is removed
    from that excited/activated vacuum region, the surrounding activated
    vacuum instantly replaces it, continually and forever.

    Now we are free to build a device which (1) establishes the excited
    vacuum/spacetime/potential in the first place, and (2) then taps off
    the virtual photon energy of the excited vacuum potential itself,
    without allowing depletion of the sustaining charged particles that
    are fixed in position and creating/pumping the virtual photon flux
    that creates the potential. We can tap the continual power of the
    Whittaker EM biwaves flowing through the excited vacuum potential
    forever, without exhausting it. It is simply comparable to putting a
    paddlewheel in a river, where in this case the Whittaker
    bidirectional EM wave structure is the river, and a special tapping
    device or process is the "paddlewheel." We can extract all the
    energy we wish, forever, from the stream, and the vacuum itself will
    continually and forever replenish the stream as fast as we extract
    the power.

    So we can build an over-unity machine, IF WE TAP THE LOCALLY ALTERED
    VACUUM POTENTIAL'S HIDDEN WHITTAKER RIVER, rather than releasing the
    sustaining electrical charges/VPF spray pumps we accumulated to
    create that altered potential.

    If you release the charges (the electrons, e.g.) as normal
    electrical engineers are trained to do, the charges translate and
    mechanically bang and clang their way through resistances, etc. on
    the way to electrical ground, depleting the potential in the
    process. This banging and clanging produces scattering of the
    order/energy in the potential and hence does work. But that way you
    only get one shot of it. It's a one-time thing, and then you've got
    to pay to move in some more charges, build another potential, and
    release the potential and the charges so the charges will go banging
    and clanging through the circuit again, scattering energy (order)
    and producing one-time work again.

    That's a very poor way to do business. It's rather like having some
    free, self-powered pumps, building a dam to hold some water
    pressure, moving in some of the pumps and pumping up water behind
    the dam to provide the pressure, then knocking down the dam and
    releasing the pumps and the water simultaneously, so that the water
    will rush out and push the pumps along to bump into things along the
    flow channel and do "banging and clanging" work. Yes, you can get
    some work done by the pumps one time that way. But it's a "hell of a
    way to run a railroad!" Yet all our present electrical engineers and
    electrical scientists are trained to plan, develop, build, and
    utilize just such crude EM systems!

    *Nature's Engines: Charged Particles Are Pumps*

    Charged particles, in quantum mechanics, are engaged in a violent
    virtual particle flux exchange with the vacuum. The violent virtual
    photon exchange between vacuum and mass particle is what creates and
    constitutes the electrical charge on that particle of mass. In other
    words, the electrically charged particle is nature's little "spray
    engine" or "spray pump," with respect to virtual photon flux or spray.

    The magnitude of the electrostatic scalar potential created by the
    accumulated charges (spray pumps) represents the local magnitude
    (flux/spray density) of that virtual photon "spray." It has nothing
    to do with the mass of the charges, except that nature has built
    those particular masses to be "little self-powered spray pumps."

    When we "charge up" an accumulator, such as a steel sphere or a
    capacitor, we push in the electrons so that they pack closer
    together, and we thus increase the virtual photon spray density
    because we've accumulated more sprayers in a confined volumetric
    region. The volumetric spray density represents the magnitude of the
    electrostatic scalar potential (ESP), in this analogy.

    Contrary to conventional wisdom, Whittaker proved that this scalar
    potential - this "spray density" --- is internally organized into
    hidden, flowing, bidirectional EM waves.[14] EM forcefield wave
    Energy is flowing in both directions. In the electrostatic scalar
    potential, the net Poynting vector resultant is zero, but it is a
    "sum-zero system" composed of an infinite set of opposite but equal
    finite Poynting vectors. That zero vector resultant is a scalar EM
    potential. It's got lots and lots of EM energy flowing both in and
    out simultaneously, but these flows are normally balanced and in
    equilibrium.

    *The Overunity Electrical Machine's Secret*

    However, if we could tap the EM energy in those hidden EM waves
    flowing oppositively inside the ESP, we could extract EM energy from
    the vacuum. We could "gate" some of the spray energy, that comes in
    from the vacuum to the charged particle, into the external circuit
    instead of back out to the vacuum. If so, we can use that "extracted
    and externally gated EM energy" to power a load. The "nucleus as a
    Whittaker-pumped phase conjugate mirror" mechanism I found in 1986,
    furnished to Floyd Sweet in early 1987, an released in 1991 allows
    precisely that tapping and gating capability.

    Here's the magic secret of all electrical over-unity machines:

    1) TAP THE VIRTUAL PHOTON SPRAY.

    2) TAP THE ENERGY IN THE MASSLESS VACUUM POTENTIAL.

    3) DO NOT RELEASE THE SPRAY PUMPS.

    4) DO NOT ALLOW CURRENT FLOW IN THAT PART OF THE CIRCUIT WHERE THE
    CHARGE PUMPS ARE COLLECTED TO CREATE THE POTENTIAL.

    5) OR AT LEAST ALLOW ONLY THE ABSOLUTE MINIMUM OF FLOW/BLEED-OFF
    THERE, OF THE PUMPS.

    6) ORGANIZE, GATE, AND APPLY THE POTENTIAL SPRAY TO THE EXTERNAL
    CIRCUIT, WHERE IT WILL ATTACH TO AVAILABLE ELECTRONS, FORMING FORCE
    FIELDS, VOLTAGE, AND CURRENTS TO PUMP ELECTRONS AROUND THE CIRCUIT.

    7) USE THOSE EXTERNALLY POWERED FIELDS AND CURRENTS TO POWER THE LOAD.

    You can freely tap the potential's VPF "spray" forever, once one is
    created in the vacuum. As fast as you scavenge out the power in the
    spray, it is just renewed by the continued pumping of the charged
    particle "spray pumps." Nature and nature's excited vacuum potential
    "flux-spray" provide and replenish that pumping and that power, for
    free, forever.

    So the altered vacuum (potential) is a universal "virtual-photon-
    flux fuel" if you construct your power units correctly. But you must
    engineer things one step deeper than the present seriously flawed
    electromagnetics prescribes.

    Similar constructions give the secret of gravity and antigravity,
    and how to engineer them as well. However, that is beyond the scope
    of this paper.

    *All Systems Are Open To Vacuum Flux Exchange*

    As we stated, our attention is no longer directed to scalar EM
    weapons, but to the Phase II operation. That is progressing; there
    are at present several legitimate devices or processes that produce
    overunity. We reiterate that this is nothing mystical; none of these
    systems or processes is a closed system, so closed-system energy
    conservation need not apply locally.

    Indeed, there is really no such thing in the universe as a truly
    closed system, anywhere. Every system is open to the vacuum's
    virtual particle flux, and is in fact already in a fantastic virtual
    particle exchange with the vacuum. Normally, however, the influx and
    the outflux are equal in absolute magnitude; hence the system is in
    internal equilibrium vis-a-vis the vacuum.

    However, if one breaks the equilibrium in this internal flux
    exchange, and organizes and gates a portion of that influx on out of
    the atom and into the external circuits, one can power an external
    electromagnetic load directly from the extracted vacuum energy. It
    is no more mysterious than placing a paddlewheel in a flowing
    stream, to extract some useful energy as shaft horsepower. We just
    have a more esoteric stream and a more esoteric paddlewheel.

    *In Conclusion*

    We also point out that there are no irrevocable "laws" of nature.
    Every so-called "law of physics" is just a great and useful
    generalization, based on certain fixed assumptions, that holds in a
    broad area. If the assumptions are violated, however, the law need
    no longer hold, and it can be violated.

    Scientific proof is proof by the experimental method, not by the
    authoritarian pronouncements of orthodox scientists. Unfortunately,
    orthodoxy as yet knows nothing of the process we are advancing, or
    of scalar electromagnetics. In the unorthodox experimental arena,
    however, scalar EM is still a newborn infant in the womb, but it is
    thriving and advancing. It is up to us to serve as midwives and get
    the infant born.

    NOTES AND REFERENCES ---

    1. T.E. Bearden and Walter Rosenthal, "On a testable unification of
    electromagnetics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics,"
    /Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering
    Conference/, August 4-9, 1991, Boston, Massachusetts.

    2. Floyd Sweet and T.E. Bearden, "Utilizing scalar electromagnetics
    to tap vacuum energy," /Proceedings of the 26th Intersociety Energy
    Conversion Engineering Conference/ (IECEC '91), August 4- 9, 1991,
    Boston, Massachusetts.

    3. E.T. Whittaker, "On the partial differential equations of
    mathematical physics," /Mathematische Annalen/, Vol. 57, 1903, p.
    333-355. See also V.K. Ignatovich, "The remarkable capabilities of
    recursive relations," /American Journal of Physics/, 57(10), Oct.
    1989, p. 873-878. See also Richard W. Ziolkowski, "Localized
    transmission of wave energy," /Proc. SPIE/ Vol. 1061, Microwave and
    Particle Beam sources and Directed Energy Concepts, Jan. 1989, p.
    396-397.

    4. This self-oscillation in barium compounds is well-known in
    nonlinear optics, although it is usually experimentally accomplished
    in the optical frequency regime. Sweet brilliantly discovered how to
    initiate this self-oscillation or self-pumping at ELF frequencies,
    such as 60 Hz.

    5. For a statement of the distortion correction theorem, see Amnon
    Yariv, /Optical Electronics/, Third Edition, Holt, Rinehart and
    Winston, New York, 1985, p. 500-501. See also David M. Pepper,
    "Nonlinear optical phase conjugation," /Optical Engineering/, 21(2),
    March/April 1982, p. 156-183 for a good overview of optical phase
    conjugation.

    6. Shortly below, energy will be defined as a certain kind of order.
    So the present "definition" of energy actually is stating that
    "order is the disordering of order." In that form, the logical
    contradiction in the "definition" is immediately apparent.

    7. E.T. Whittaker, 1903, ibid.

    8. This is true because the wave and antiwave are interferring. Such
    interference produces galloping waves, whose instantaneous velocity
    varies from the speed of light.

    The galloping wave slows to, say, 0.01 c, then rushes forward again
    at 100 c, then slows, then speeds up, and so on. Its average
    velocity is c. But its instantaneous velocity is usually anything
    but c. See William G. Harter, John Evans, Roberto Vega, and Sanford
    Wilson. "Galloping waves and their relativistic properties."
    /American Journal of Physics/, 53(7), July 1985, p. 671-679.

    9. Occasionally yet another physicist discovers that photon
    interaction is actually binary, and that we ignore or discard half
    of almost all of our measurements. For example, see Richard Kidd et
    al, "Evolution of the Modern Photon," /American Journal of Physics/,
    57(1), Jan. 1989, p. 27-35. See also R. Chen, "Cancellation of
    Internal Forces," /American Journal of Physics/, 49(4), Apr. 1981,
    p. 372.

    10. Essentially this has been experimentally proven. E.g., when one
    has a phase conjugate material, it may emit either photons (a normal
    wave) or antiphotons (a time-reversed or phase-conjugate wave).

    Now, if I am right as to the genesis of Newtonian 3rd law reaction
    force, then when the material emits a time-reversed wave, or an
    antiphoton, the material should not recoil. Such experiments have in
    fact been done in nonlinear optics experiments, and "inexplicably" a
    phase conjugate mirror material does not recoil when it emits an
    antiphoton or a phase conjugate wave, seemingly violating Newton's
    third law! So it seems I am correct after all.

    11. In the modern GR view, all trapped energy is gravitational. It
    is the trapped EM energy in mass, e.g., that is gravitational. Mass
    is in fact a highly intense mass potential.

    Since any scalar potential is also a form of trapped EM energy, that
    energy --- and hence the potential also --- is gravitational in nature.

    12. E.T. Whittaker, "On an expression of the electromagnetic field
    due to electrons by means of two scalar potential functions,"
    Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, Vol. 1,
    1904, p. 367-372. Here Whittaker demonstrates that the present
    forcefield electromagnetics can be replaced by scalar potential
    interferometry. And I'm called a lunatic for speaking of scalar
    interferometry!

    Rigorously the scalar potential is composed of a dynamic, opposing
    vector forcefield wave internal structure. Internally it's
    vectorial; externally it's scalar. Whittaker 1903 tells how to make
    standing scalar potentials; these can be made as beams.

    And one can then interfere the two scalar EM beams to produce EM
    force fields directly in distant charged particle systems, by
    Whittaker 1904.

    13. E.T. Whittaker, 1904, ibid.

    14. Mathematically these hidden waves may be modeled as hyperspatial
    waves.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *Tom Bearden/Sweet VTA Development*

    *From PESWiki*

    *by Leslie R. Pastor*

    /This page was created to enable Tom Bearden an opportunity to
    refute incorrect information and to explain his relationship with
    Floyd Sweet and John Bedini. I believe that future history will
    fully vindicate 'negative energy' and resolve our serious energy
    problem./

    /Responding to . . ./

    In an answer to the following post from the Sweet VTA Group....Tom
    Bearden provides a significant CORRECTION regarding: "'Bedini
    Patent' is referred to and in
    other posts John Bedini acknowledges that he worked for Sweet and
    obtained the magnets from a surplus shop. There was no actual test
    made of the magnet composition so
    it's unconfirmed what the magnet composition was."

    John Bedini posted comments and pictures of the VTA on the Keelynet
    website and can be looked up there.

    "Bearden posts much of his information from HEARSAY as he did not
    observe the tests visually but obtained the info via telephone
    conversations with Sweet". This is a patently
    FALSE STATEMENT -- as Tom Bearden explains below:

    /Bearden Replies/

    Hi Les,

    Typical [mis]information. He charges "hearsay" and speaks entirely
    from hearsay himself.

    I did lots of experiments with Sweet, in Sweet's lab, on personal
    visits to California to work with him awhile (ask John Bedini, he
    was there). And John did not "work for"
    Sweet; to the contrary, he personally assisted Sweet to help him get
    going, for free. Without John's assistance, Sweet would have been a
    very much longer time in getting
    successful activation of persistent self-oscillation in his barium
    ferrite magnets.

    http://www.cheniere.org/misc/sweet.htm

    At the time I met him, Sweet knew nothing of phase conjugate optics
    (when he got his Master's degree from MIT in the 1940s, the subject
    was not even being taught in the U.S.,
    or even known here -- check it out). Information on phase conjugate
    optics was given to the U.S. by the Russians much later in a
    briefing by the Russians at a U.S. university, and
    even then it took quite a while for the U.S. to get going in phase
    conjugation. Again, check
    it out.

    I personally extracted the main phase conjugate equations from one
    of the first books on the subject, and furnished them to Sweet since
    he was entangled with -- among other
    things -- phase conjugate signals. At the time, his unit put out
    only 6 watts. That's S-I-X watts, not 500.

    Incorporating the results of phase conjugation for more proper
    handling, Sweet's next VTA put out 500 watts of power and had an
    amplification (COP)due to his new phase
    conjugate pumping of 1,500,000. Then since his unit also put out
    negative EM energy, and with high gain that makes antigravity
    possible, I designed the antigravity experiment for
    him, and gave it to him. At the time, I was very busy with my
    aerospace job at Computer Sciences Corporation, and could not travel
    again to California for some weeks. Hence
    Sweet built the necessary output unit and set up and performed the
    experiment there in California with me on the phone with him, here
    from Alabama. He read off the
    measurements there on the bench, and I wrote them down here in
    Huntsville.

    I later included these results in a joint paper, putting Sweet's
    name first which was proper, since he was the inventor, not me. The
    paper is Floyd Sweet and T. E. Bearden, "Utilizing
    Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy," Proc. 26th
    Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC '91),
    Boston, Massachusetts, 1991, p.
    370-375

    Contrary to your disinformation, the magnets were indeed barium
    ferrite magnets -- the old audio kind which were quite common in
    surplus shops at the time. Again, ask John Bedini.

    And for your information, I personally took a Sweet-activated barium
    ferrite magnet, placed a shim stock on it, and watched the shim
    stock oscillate continuously to and fro for
    an hour, fanning air and doing free work all the time. I then locked
    the self-oscillating magnet and its waving shim stock fan load) in a
    safe, and took the key with me. 24 hours
    later, when I reopened the safe, there sat the magnet with its shim
    stock still waving and fanning air and doing free work.

    Sweet himself had great difficulty in activating the magnets; only
    about one in 30 had a sufficiently "accurate" and even overall field
    to take and hold activation. He only got to that
    level of success when Walter Rosenthal built for him a device to
    allow much more precision in the activation process, and when he
    initiated a line-scanning process for
    checking the smoothness of the magnet's magnetic field. Too may
    ripples, the material construction was too variable and it would not
    hold activation. Thereafter, he could
    successfully activate one selected from about 30 "scanned" magnets,
    and that one would "hold" the activation for a long time (in some
    cases, a year or two at the least). Most
    unscanned and non-culled magnets would hold it only for a few
    seconds to a few hours as they lost their self-oscillation activation.

    You speak lightly of hearsay -- did you ever even meet Sweet, or
    Bedini? Or me either, for that matter? Did you meet Walter
    Rosenthal, who built Sweet's activation circuit and
    system for him, and who measured and examined several Sweet VTA
    systems, including the last one that was self-powering (closed
    clamped positive feedback loop system)? I
    never saw the closed-loop self-powering Sweet system.

    To my knowledge, the answer is no, you were not there, know nothing
    about what happened or what was done, and are just "spouting off".
    So everything you have uttered is
    the rankest hearsay, and in fact much of it is a flat lie.

    Since you seem to want to pose as a fount of all knowledge, then
    please explain precisely how Sweet was able to trick the negative
    binding energy of the barium nucleus in his
    barium ferrite magnets into long-lasting self-oscillation. The
    powerful negative energy binding forces in the nucleus are one of
    the few places one can get gains (COPs) on the
    order of 1,500,000. Once you have the original gain stably, however,
    it is fairly straightforward to increase it further if you are
    dealing with negative energy. I personally
    activated several sets of magnets in Sweet's lab when working with
    Sweet, but I also never knew the FULL activation secret which he
    kept very, very secret.

    One can produce negative energy in several ways; self-oscillation of
    the barium nucleus' negative binding energy is one. Sharp gradients
    (as used for nearly 20 years by Bedini in
    his battery chargers and other circuits) are another; the sharp
    gradient suddenly lifts normal electrons from the Dirac Sea,
    resulting in a sudden spurt of normal electron current (usually
    called the Lenz law effect). But accompanying it is the sudden spurt
    of currents of"Dirac Sea holes" in the opposite direction. And while
    they exist, those holes are pouring out
    negative EM energy. The longer they exist before swallowing up an
    electron, the more negative EM energy they freely emit.

    And a Dirac Sea hole is not a positron (that was a trick by the
    conventional physics community to get rid of negative energy
    arbitrarily). The Dirac Sea hole is actually a
    negative mass-energy electron. And as a source charge, it produces
    negative energy EM fields -- i.e., fields whose photons are of
    negative angular momentum, that is, they have
    (-delta E)x(t), rather than (+delta E)x(t).

    Please go and read some of Dr. Dan Solomon's papers, since his group
    has now strongly pointed out that it was an error and a mistake to
    arbitrarily eliminate negative energy from
    the Dirac Sea theory. Particularly see Dan Solomon, "Some new
    results concerning the vacuum in Dirac's hole theory," Physica
    Scripta, Vol. 74, 2006, p. 117-122. He has
    several other key papers on the subject also.

    Here's a quote from Dotson, dealing with the issue of the arbitrary
    exclusion of negative energy. Quoting:

    "I think if one had to point to a single place where science went
    profoundly and permanently off the track, it would be 1934 and the
    emasculation of Dirac's equation." .
    "Dirac's wave equation is a relativistic generalization of the
    Schrodinger wave equation. In 934 this brilliantly successful
    equation was shorn of half of its solutions by a questionable
    bit of mathematical slight-of-hand. Because it was 'politically
    correct,' this bit of juggling became the accepted interpretation.
    However, recent developments have shown the very
    basis of this mathematical trick to be invalid." "Dirac's complete
    equation, however, describes a quantum spinor field, which has as
    solutions four different kinds of electrons:
    electrons and positrons of positive energy, and electrons and
    positrons of negative energy." [D. L. Hotson, "Dirac's Equation and
    the Sea of Negative Energy, Part I, New Energy,
    Issue 43, 2002, pp. 1-20.]

    Indeed, Dirac got his positron with a sleight of hand bit of
    trickery. The "hole" itself has negative mass energy. If the hole
    (altered vacuum) movesaway and is replaced by a filled
    hole (normal vacuum), the CHANGE that will be observed is positive
    -- in short, a positron change. That is not the hole at all, but is
    the change resulting from the replacement
    of the empty hole by a filled hole. The (-1) negative energy of the
    hole increased by (+1) to get back to (0) (a filled hole).
    Identifying the (-1) hole as a (+1)replacement by a filled
    hole falsely assumes that 0 - 1 = +1, a violation of simple arithmetic.

    Quoting Dirac (who hated negative energy) himself, where E = energy:

    "One gets over the difficulty on the classical theory by arbitrarily
    excluding those solutions that have a negative E. One cannot do this
    in the quantum theory, since in general a
    perturbation will cause transitions from states with E positive to
    states with E negative." [Dirac, Proceedings of the Royal Society A,
    Vol. 117, p. 610.]

    Not only Dirac, but most other scientists also hated negative
    energy, and so they were determined to get rid of it at whatever costs.

    Quoting Farmelo:

    "Dirac. proposed that, if a negative-energy electron were for some
    reason 'displaced', experimenters should be able to observe it as a
    positive-energy particle with a positive
    charge. (The empty space will have become less negative, and
    therefore more positive.) At first, he identified these holes as
    protons, but by 1931 he had changed his mind and come
    to a much more radical conclusion: 'A hole, if there was one, would
    be a new kind of elementary particle, unknown to experimental
    physics, having the same mass and opposite
    charge to the electron.' ". [Graham Farmelo, "Pipped to the
    positron," New Scientist, 10 Aug. 2002, p. 48-49. Quote is from p. 48.]

    In other words, if you FILL the hole, the filling process will
    appear to be a positron appearance. But a FILLED hole and an empty
    hole are not at all the same thing, and
    assuming they are is a false assumption.

    I will tell you that most of this stuff with negative energy (and
    also antigravity) is also "old hat" for several decades now to
    several nations who have developed and deployed (in great secrecy)
    negative energy EMP weapons among other things. The Russian scientists
    have known all about negative energy since shortly after WW II, and
    they are probably the most knowledgeable in it today as well.

    Several persons have been able to activate barium ferrite magnets
    where the activation lasted for several hours or in a few cases even
    six weeks. While activated, they had the successful mechanism of a
    Sweet VTA operating. But so far as I'm aware, no one else (at
    least in the open community) except Sweet has been able to get
    extremely long and enduring activation (self-oscillation of the
    negative binding energy of the barium nucleus).

    Yours truly,

    Tom Bearden

    /In a follow-up email.........Tom Bearden clarifies further:/

    From: "Tom Bearden" <[email protected]>
    To: "'Leslie R. Pastor'" <[email protected]>
    Sent: Tuesday, October 02, 2007 11:15 AM
    Subject: RE: [Sweet-VTA] Re: VTA Development

    No Problem!

    John is telling it like it happened. He actually got Sparky started,
    and helped him immensely -- with work, parts, and even protection.
    All completely true. And John did
    save Sparky's life, just as he stated. And John is indeed the one
    who introduced me to Sparky, and arranged for me to meet him and
    work with him as I could.

    In my opinion, John Bedini is the only man living who really knows
    exactly how Sparky activated his magnets. And who can probably do
    it. And the "backers" and other folks
    who cluttered around Sparky were responsible for excluding Bedini,
    because in their view John knew exactly how the beast worked and how
    to make it.

    John Bedini has forgotten more crucial knowledge of strange circuits
    and overunity power systems than most people will know in ten
    lifetimes. And he's simply the best there is out
    there, to my knowledge and in my opinion. I do expect to see working
    Bedini units on the market soon, and am looking forward to it with
    great hopes. John just may be the man
    who saves the U.S. from a catastrophic economic collapse over the
    escalating oil crisis and energy problem.

    Best wishes,

    Tom

    http://physics.nad.ru/engboard/messages/1657.html
    http://www.ssrsi.org/sr2/Heat/fed.htm
    http://www.gopetition.com/petitions/time-for-an-energy-renaissance.html
    http://merlib.org/node/5282

    A Practical Guide To Free Energy Devices
    http://www.panaceauniversity.org/D5.pdf
    "http://peswiki.com/index.php/Site:LRP:Tom_Bearden/Sweet_VTA_Development"

------------------------------------------------------------------------

    ...

    ...

------------------------------------------------------------------------



****Your Support Maintains This Service --

***BUY* ****
****
****TheRex Research <http://www.rexresearch.com/1index.htm> Civilization 
Kit ****

****... It's Your Best Bet & Investment in Sustainable Humanity on Earth 
... **** ****
Ensure & Enhance Your Survival & Genome Transmission ...****
****Everything @ rexresearch <http://www.rexresearch.com/index.htm>.com 
on a Data DVD ! ****

****<< USA / Canada : $ 13 Postpaid // Foreign : $18 Postpaid >>****

Price


Rex Research <http://www.rexresearch.com/1index.htm>, POB 19250, Jean, 
NV 89019 USA

------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROMOTED STORIES

  * 18 Chilling Photos of Most Legendary People In History LifeDaily
    <http://www.lifedaily.com/18-enchanting-photos-of-amazing-people-through-history/#utm_medium=referral&utm_source=outbrain&utm_term=5419792&utm_campaign=OB-AmazingPeople>

  * 22 Child Stars Who You Won't Recognize Today Fame10
    <http://www.fame10.com/entertainment/9-most-shocking-child-star-transformations/?utm_content=148efc&utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=outbrain&utm_campaign=FT_OBN_US_DESK&cus_widget=5419792&utm_content=single_article>

  * This guys saw his Microsoft coworkers struggle to manage their
    money, and it gave him the idea for a $150 million app Business &
    Finance News - Yahoo! Finance
    <http://finance.yahoo.com/news/guy-saw-microsoft-coworkers-struggle-150622249.html?utm_source=OutBrain&utm_medium=Content&utm_campaign=Content_OutBrain_YahooFinance-150MMAppIdea>

  * This May End Up Being A Very Short Marriage… Sharedable
    <http://sharedable.com/hilarious-wedding-moments-captured?utm_subid=33005&utm_campaign=3876&utm_source=outbrainsafe&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=5419792>


  * How To: Fix Visible Veins Beverly Hills MD
    <http://beverlyhills-md.com/cmd.php?ad=799961>
  * How To: Fix Crepey Skin [Watch] Beverly Hills MD
    <http://beverlyhills-md.com/cmd.php?ad=765085>
  * You Won't Believe What Honey Boo Boo Looks Like Now PressroomVIP
    <http://www.pressroomvip.com/g/what-does-honey-boo-boo-look-like-now/?ipp=1&utm_source=outbrain&utm_medium=HoneyBooBooUSDesktop&utm_campaign=HoneyBooBoo&utm_content=5419792>

  * Recent Research Suggests It May Be Possible to Reverse Mitochondrial
    Decay Elysium Health on Fast Company
    <https://www.fastcoexist.com/3041800/one-of-the-worlds-top-aging-researchers-has-a-pill-to-keep-you-feeling-young>


Recommended by<http://www.outbrain.com/what-is/default/en>


    Popular Pages

  * Home <http://rexresearch.com/>


    Quick Links

  * Home <http://rexresearch.com/>
  * Main Index <http://rexresearch.com/1index.htm>

------------------------------------------------------------------------
© 2016 rexresearch.com - All rights reserved.

  * Privacy Policy <http://rexresearch.com/privacy.html>

On 6/30/2018 7:58 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Hello! Kone and all EVGRAY followers!
>
> Your question regarding the One Watt Challenge!    I was at the New 
> Energy Conference in Denver1994 and heard Hal Puthoff issue the 
> Challenge!  Pay attention to the key words (stand alone"!! Here is the 
> challenge!
>
> ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES:
> Good News/Bad News and "The 1-Watt Challenge"
>
> H. E. Puthoff, Ph.D.
> Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin
> Austin, Texas
>
> Presented at:
> International Symposium on New Energy
> Denver, Colorado
> May 12-15,1994
>
> ABSTRACT
>
> In researching innovative energy sources, we are faced with a good 
> news/bad news situation. On the good news side, new arenas of research 
> activity are being opened up and pursued vigorously. These range from 
> relatively mainstream approaches to develop solar energy, to highly 
> innovative approaches to extract energy from vacuum fluctuations. On 
> the bad news side, despite varying degrees of claimed success, there 
> are as yet no standalone devices in this class (with the exception of 
> solar devices) that unambiguously demonstrate the generation of net 
> excess energy to the satisfaction of the consens ual research 
> community. It is suggested here that the credibility of these efforts 
> requires meeting what we call "The IWatt Challenge," the demonstration 
> of a device that can continuously generate, on a stand-alone, 
> self-powered basis, a minimum of at least I watt excess average output 
> power."
> -------
>
> Please (all) note that when Joel & I asked Puthoff to test and 
> validate the MRA, we were not entering the 1 watt challenge. We simply 
> wanted verification that the MRA displayed over-unity gain. Now some 
> background is needed here for all of you guys!
>
> Joel and I demonstrated and gave to Tom Bearden a working MRA at his 
> home in Huntsville. Tom Bearden told us that with all of their efforts 
> on the Floyd Sweet VTA there was no way to close the loop even with 
> it's fantastic measured gain ratio.  Joel and I experienced the same 
> frustration with trying to close the loop and get sustained stand 
> alone operation. Here is a paper from Floyd Sweet himself that will 
> help you understand this Spook Energy.
>
> Abstract
> The Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA) invented by Floyd Sweet consists of two
> ferrite magnets and two to four coreless wire coils. It is self 
> powered in the
> preferred configuration and produces in excess of one KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ
> power in the form of energy that resembles electricity. This energy is 
> referred to
> as negative energy. The VTA development history, its anti-gravity 
> characteristics,
> negative energy proper- ties, and some of the personalities involved are
> discussed.
> FLOYD SWEET'S VTA UNIT
> by Walt Rosenthal
> This is a story of Floyd Sweet's trials and tribulations involving a 
> mystery
> wrapped in an enigma. God revealed to Floyd sufficient information to 
> build a
> machine to provide energy that resembles electricity. However, God did not
> provide solutions to the frustrating string of problems that would 
> surface in
> converting the idea into a working device. There are several people in 
> this story
> that have provided help and some who have hindered.
> When Tom Bearden met Floyd, the device Floyd had developed was producing a
> few watts of alternating current at 28 volts. Tom saw in Floyd's 
> device the
> physical embodiment of a principle he had theorized many years before. Tom
> had never designed or constructed a physical device to access this elusive
> energy source. Tom's name for the extraction process is 'Four Wave Phase
> Conjugate Mixing'. The energy source is the intense non-cohered energy 
> that is
> thought to be present everywhere in the universe. Various researchers 
> through
> the years have given this energy different names, such as "Zero Point 
> Energy",
> "Gravity Field Energy", "Radiant Energy", and others.
> Tom Bearden gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier" or VTA.
> The machine provides a small amount of its output fed back to the 
> equivalent of a
> grid which gates or coheres a large amount of energy which appears at the
> device output terminal as something that resembles electricity! Negative
> Electricity.
> This energy can be utilized by devices designed to convert electricity 
> to light,
> heat, or mechanical work or anything else for which normal electricity 
> is used.
> The properties of this energy, although superficially resembling the 
> 120 VRMS 60
> HZ power we normally use, are unique and sufficiently different from
> conventional electricity, so that it should be classified as an 
> entirely new energy
> form. It will require careful extended study by a wide range of people 
> in order to
> document its properties in the manner scientists have done with 
> conventional
> electricity.
> Tom Bearden refers to this energy as negative energy, and he states that
> negative time must be utilized. In negative time according to Bearden, 
> gravity is a
> repulsive force.
> Floyd's experiments demonstrated that the VTA loses weight in 
> proportion to the
> amount of generated "Negative Energy". This was carefully documented 
> by Floyd
> on a kitchen scale. The machine weight was observed decreasing with 
> increased
> load in a quite orderly fashion until a point was suddenly reached 
> when Floyd
> heard an immense sound, as if he were at the center of a giant 
> whirlwind but
> without actual air movement. The sound was heard by his wife Rose in 
> another
> room of their apartment and was heard by others outside the apartment. The
> experience was very frightening and the experiment has not been repeated.
> Some observers of the light emanating from ordinary 120 volt 100 watt
> incandescent bulbs powered by the VTA claim the light is different, 
> softer, than
> normal incandescent light. The VTA magnets and coils when powering 
> loads of
> over a kilowatt become cold and temperatures of 20 degrees Fahrenheit 
> below
> ambient have been observed. Similar reports of below ambient 
> temperature of
> energy machine components have been reported by other inventors, such as
> John Bedini and John R.R. Searl.
> When the VTA output wires had been accidentally shortened, first an 
> extremely
> brilliant flash occurred. When the wires involved were examined shortly
> afterward, they were found covered with frost. Unfortunately this also 
> caused the
> VTA magnet to fracture and the machine ceased operating. In one 
> instance the
> machine operation ceased during a local earthquake. The physical 
> shacking was
> not believed to be sufficiently severe to disrupt the machine 
> magnet/coil relative
> placement or physical shock to the magnet such as a hammer blow might 
> impart.
> The best speculation is that the machine was affected by the intense
> electromagnetic pulse known to originate from earthquakes.
> Conventional instruments used to measure volts, amps, or watts appear to
> correlate machine output as coupled to loads, but only up to 
> approximately 1 KW;
> above that value they may indicate zero or some other value not 
> related to the
> known actual load. Floyd's attempts to use conventional electrical design
> formulas relating number of coil turns, amp turns on drive coils, and 
> any other
> parameter to predict observed outputs have all resulted in failures with
> calculations. Empirical formulas based on actual tests have been 
> documented.
> Observation of machine output voltage of approximately 120 VRMS while the
> load was changed in 100 watt increments from 100 watts to 1000 watts has
> shown no observable output voltage change, which suggests an extremely low
> internal equivalent impedance. The 20 gauge magnet wire in the output 
> coils
> consisting of several hundred turns has significant DC resistance 
> which is not
> correlated with the unvarying output terminal voltage at different 
> loads. It is
> speculated that this energy does not travel within the copper wire or 
> its passage
> through the copper wire does not generate a voltage drop- a most 
> useful feature
> when transferring energy from one place to another.
> One frustrating aspect of the VTA has been its failures, evidenced by 
> the output
> voltage slowly decaying to zero over a few seconds or minutes. There 
> also has
> been spontaneous in- stances of the voltage rising above 120 VRMS as
> observed by the increased lamp load bank brightness. The volt meters, 
> ammeter,
> and power meter did not correlate with the brightness change except 
> when the
> machine would the fail to produce any power.
> Many times the VTA was normally left on powering a lamp load bank 24 
> hours a
> day. During a period of time when it appeared to be functioning 
> properly all day
> long, Floyd got up at 3:00 AM to go to the bathroom. As he walked past 
> the room
> where the VTA was located, he noticed that the lights appeared dim. He
> measured the voltage at 70 VRMS. Being tired at the moment, he returned to
> bed. The next morning when he rose, the voltage was back to the normal 120
> VRMS and stayed there all day. The next night Floyd got up at 4:30 AM. The
> voltage was measured at 85 VRMS. Floyd returned to bed. The voltage was
> normal the entire next day.
> A possible clue to this anomaly has appeared in an article by E.W. 
> Silvertooth
> title 'Motion Through The Ether' where Silver- tooth describes a dual 
> path laser
> interferometer experiment that conclusively demonstrated the presence 
> of an
> ether that flows through our portion of the universe at greater than 
> the speed of
> light with its vector in the direction of the constellation Leo. 
> Floyd's VTA may be
> orientation sensitive to this ether velocity vector.
> The VTA consists of two 4" X 6" X .5" grade 5 or grade 8 ferrite 
> magnets spaced
> 3 inches apart in the attractive orientation, with the output and 
> drive coils in
> between. The output coils are wound with 20 gage magnet wire. Their 
> axis is
> parallel to the magnetic lines of force between the two magnets. The 
> two drive
> (or excitation) coil axes are positioned at 90 degrees to the output 
> coil axis. The
> VTA excitation coils may be driven by the VTA output voltage or a 
> separate sine
> wave oscillator source.
> The "SECRET" to the machine is the process that "conditions" the 
> magnets. This
> conditioning process determines the output frequency and also prepares the
> machine for operation. The same machine could be just as well "told" 
> to output
> 50 HZ or 400 HZ. The conditioning technique is so novel, it is 
> doubtful anyone
> would ever guess how it is done. Oscilloscope observation of the VTA 
> output
> voltage waveform shows an apparently perfect sine wave that is not phase
> locked to the local 60 HZ power line voltage.
> The VTA can be started by momentary connection of a 9 volt battery to 
> the drive
> coils when the machine is operated in the self-powered mode. The 
> operation is
> stopped by momentary interruption of power to the power coils.
> The VTA "likes" to always see a minimum load of 25 watts.
> Electrical shock to humans from the VTA may be more damaging than contact
> with a 120 VRMS 60 HZ conventional powerline volt- age. Floyd has 
> accidentally
> had VTA current pass from his thumb to his smallest finger. It appears 
> to freeze
> the flesh and was extremely painful for at least two weeks.
> The mechanism by which negative energy makes copper conductors cold 
> but will
> also heat light bulb filaments is not understood. Tom Bearden has 
> coined the
> term "Gravito Stiction" for this process and has described how he 
> believes it
> works.
> On the human side of the VTA development, some incidents are worth 
> telling.
> Two people from Australia, who claimed they wanted to help Floyd, 
> stole his note
> book and promptly asked John Bedini for help in replicating the VTA 
> based on
> the notebook contents. John recognized the notebook as belonging to 
> Floyd and
> promptly asked them to leave. However, the notebook was never recovered.
> Floyd has received many death threats over the phone, and some threats 
> face to
> face. A well dressed gentleman in a expensive suit, tie, hat, and 
> hundred dollar
> shoes approached Floyd on the sidewalk of the street where he lives and
> introduced himself as Cecil Brown. He showed him a picture of Floyd 
> inside his
> apartment. Cecil then told him that he represented a conglomerate that 
> did not
> want Floyd's device to appear in the world at this time. He further 
> stated that
> sometimes unfortunate things happen to people who do not comply with the
> wishes of others. He then retrieved the picture and departed. 
> Incidences like this
> do impart significant concern in Floyd's mind!
> One real unsung hero of the human side of this story is Al Margolin, 
> who for
> many years has provided test equipment, fabrication help, and 
> transportation for
> Floyd and Rose whenever needed, and it was needed many times.
> Floyd's long time friend and former employer Bill Lawry has provided 
> living and
> project expenses and fabrication help when needed.
> The reliable conditioning of the magnets in a manner that assures long 
> time
> operation is the Achilles heel of this device. With the help of enough 
> of the right
> people this device may change our world and open a new field of 
> physics! This
> adventure of course is an on going and the final goal of powering the 
> world with
> the VTA is still a long ways off.
>
> Negative electricity!  Joel and I experienced all of the effects that 
> Bearden, Sweet and all others saw!
>
> Yes!  Doug, Kone, Been there, done that! Norm
>
>
> On 6/28/2018 12:52 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Hi Norman
>>
>> Remember the Hal Putoff one watt challenge?
>>
>> Was all this or before or after or during that big cash money prize 
>> to anyone who can "prove without doubt to him" that you have 
>> something overunity....and only one watt is all it will take....
>>
>> Cant remember what the prize was but I would guess this contest was 
>> meant to bring all the inventors and scientists out of the woodwork 
>> and contact hin - now a nice list is created pf who to threaten, who 
>> to cancel any hope of patenting device, who to steal tech from, who 
>> to steal and patent yourself via corporate CIA controlled business, 
>> so tech never sees light of day, who to discourage with his 
>> "brilliant"lump resistive load testing set up to ruin everything make 
>> it look 10% efficient when in actuality it is 7 times overunity....
>>
>> Chernetsky was murdered I am sure the CIA made it look like the 
>> Russians did it, as supposedly he wanted to come to USA  (to win and 
>> claim the one watt challenge?) But I would guess HP made some  
>> classified reports to interested parties in black suits who took a 
>> short vacation to Russia......
>>
>> Kone
>>
>>
>> 
>

Hi Norm
Yes clever rules to one watt challenge in that it must be stand alone.
So looping systems only accepted which have no arguments in measurements since they "stand alone" as plain and simple fact it runs by itself now needs no scientific  proof in any way everyone in world can undetstand....of course all those with looping systems immediately silenced threatened or killed quickly before word gets out and idea becomes accepted and popular.
Kone.

Looking back at our efforts to understand a new form of electricity that 
is the inverse form that we are all too familiar with.      Some call it 
negative electricity, I call it the Magneto-Electric effect.   We will 
get into the Negative ionization which sheds light on the Anti-Gravity 
effects often seen in our experiments but go unexplained.    A clue,  
The Bernoulli Principles of lift and flight are not the total picture as 
you have been led to believe.   Ha, Ha,   Norm

On 6/30/2018 7:58 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Hello! Kone and all EVGRAY followers!
>
> Your question regarding the One Watt Challenge!    I was at the New 
> Energy Conference in Denver1994 and heard Hal Puthoff issue the 
> Challenge!  Pay attention to the key words (stand alone"!! Here is the 
> challenge!
>
> ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES:
> Good News/Bad News and "The 1-Watt Challenge"
>
> H. E. Puthoff, Ph.D.
> Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin
> Austin, Texas
>
> Presented at:
> International Symposium on New Energy
> Denver, Colorado
> May 12-15,1994
>
> ABSTRACT
>
> In researching innovative energy sources, we are faced with a good 
> news/bad news situation. On the good news side, new arenas of research 
> activity are being opened up and pursued vigorously. These range from 
> relatively mainstream approaches to develop solar energy, to highly 
> innovative approaches to extract energy from vacuum fluctuations. On 
> the bad news side, despite varying degrees of claimed success, there 
> are as yet no standalone devices in this class (with the exception of 
> solar devices) that unambiguously demonstrate the generation of net 
> excess energy to the satisfaction of the consens ual research 
> community. It is suggested here that the credibility of these efforts 
> requires meeting what we call "The IWatt Challenge," the demonstration 
> of a device that can continuously generate, on a stand-alone, 
> self-powered basis, a minimum of at least I watt excess average output 
> power."
> -------
>
> Please (all) note that when Joel & I asked Puthoff to test and 
> validate the MRA, we were not entering the 1 watt challenge. We simply 
> wanted verification that the MRA displayed over-unity gain. Now some 
> background is needed here for all of you guys!
>
> Joel and I demonstrated and gave to Tom Bearden a working MRA at his 
> home in Huntsville. Tom Bearden told us that with all of their efforts 
> on the Floyd Sweet VTA there was no way to close the loop even with 
> it's fantastic measured gain ratio.  Joel and I experienced the same 
> frustration with trying to close the loop and get sustained stand 
> alone operation. Here is a paper from Floyd Sweet himself that will 
> help you understand this Spook Energy.
>
> Abstract
> The Vacuum Triode Amplifier (VTA) invented by Floyd Sweet consists of two
> ferrite magnets and two to four coreless wire coils. It is self 
> powered in the
> preferred configuration and produces in excess of one KW of 120 VRMS 60 HZ
> power in the form of energy that resembles electricity. This energy is 
> referred to
> as negative energy. The VTA development history, its anti-gravity 
> characteristics,
> negative energy proper- ties, and some of the personalities involved are
> discussed.
> FLOYD SWEET'S VTA UNIT
> by Walt Rosenthal
> This is a story of Floyd Sweet's trials and tribulations involving a 
> mystery
> wrapped in an enigma. God revealed to Floyd sufficient information to 
> build a
> machine to provide energy that resembles electricity. However, God did not
> provide solutions to the frustrating string of problems that would 
> surface in
> converting the idea into a working device. There are several people in 
> this story
> that have provided help and some who have hindered.
> When Tom Bearden met Floyd, the device Floyd had developed was producing a
> few watts of alternating current at 28 volts. Tom saw in Floyd's 
> device the
> physical embodiment of a principle he had theorized many years before. Tom
> had never designed or constructed a physical device to access this elusive
> energy source. Tom's name for the extraction process is 'Four Wave Phase
> Conjugate Mixing'. The energy source is the intense non-cohered energy 
> that is
> thought to be present everywhere in the universe. Various researchers 
> through
> the years have given this energy different names, such as "Zero Point 
> Energy",
> "Gravity Field Energy", "Radiant Energy", and others.
> Tom Bearden gave Floyd's device the name "Vacuum Triode Amplifier" or VTA.
> The machine provides a small amount of its output fed back to the 
> equivalent of a
> grid which gates or coheres a large amount of energy which appears at the
> device output terminal as something that resembles electricity! Negative
> Electricity.
> This energy can be utilized by devices designed to convert electricity 
> to light,
> heat, or mechanical work or anything else for which normal electricity 
> is used.
> The properties of this energy, although superficially resembling the 
> 120 VRMS 60
> HZ power we normally use, are unique and sufficiently different from
> conventional electricity, so that it should be classified as an 
> entirely new energy
> form. It will require careful extended study by a wide range of people 
> in order to
> document its properties in the manner scientists have done with 
> conventional
> electricity.
> Tom Bearden refers to this energy as negative energy, and he states that
> negative time must be utilized. In negative time according to Bearden, 
> gravity is a
> repulsive force.
> Floyd's experiments demonstrated that the VTA loses weight in 
> proportion to the
> amount of generated "Negative Energy". This was carefully documented 
> by Floyd
> on a kitchen scale. The machine weight was observed decreasing with 
> increased
> load in a quite orderly fashion until a point was suddenly reached 
> when Floyd
> heard an immense sound, as if he were at the center of a giant 
> whirlwind but
> without actual air movement. The sound was heard by his wife Rose in 
> another
> room of their apartment and was heard by others outside the apartment. The
> experience was very frightening and the experiment has not been repeated.
> Some observers of the light emanating from ordinary 120 volt 100 watt
> incandescent bulbs powered by the VTA claim the light is different, 
> softer, than
> normal incandescent light. The VTA magnets and coils when powering 
> loads of
> over a kilowatt become cold and temperatures of 20 degrees Fahrenheit 
> below
> ambient have been observed. Similar reports of below ambient 
> temperature of
> energy machine components have been reported by other inventors, such as
> John Bedini and John R.R. Searl.
> When the VTA output wires had been accidentally shortened, first an 
> extremely
> brilliant flash occurred. When the wires involved were examined shortly
> afterward, they were found covered with frost. Unfortunately this also 
> caused the
> VTA magnet to fracture and the machine ceased operating. In one 
> instance the
> machine operation ceased during a local earthquake. The physical 
> shacking was
> not believed to be sufficiently severe to disrupt the machine 
> magnet/coil relative
> placement or physical shock to the magnet such as a hammer blow might 
> impart.
> The best speculation is that the machine was affected by the intense
> electromagnetic pulse known to originate from earthquakes.
> Conventional instruments used to measure volts, amps, or watts appear to
> correlate machine output as coupled to loads, but only up to 
> approximately 1 KW;
> above that value they may indicate zero or some other value not 
> related to the
> known actual load. Floyd's attempts to use conventional electrical design
> formulas relating number of coil turns, amp turns on drive coils, and 
> any other
> parameter to predict observed outputs have all resulted in failures with
> calculations. Empirical formulas based on actual tests have been 
> documented.
> Observation of machine output voltage of approximately 120 VRMS while the
> load was changed in 100 watt increments from 100 watts to 1000 watts has
> shown no observable output voltage change, which suggests an extremely low
> internal equivalent impedance. The 20 gauge magnet wire in the output 
> coils
> consisting of several hundred turns has significant DC resistance 
> which is not
> correlated with the unvarying output terminal voltage at different 
> loads. It is
> speculated that this energy does not travel within the copper wire or 
> its passage
> through the copper wire does not generate a voltage drop- a most 
> useful feature
> when transferring energy from one place to another.
> One frustrating aspect of the VTA has been its failures, evidenced by 
> the output
> voltage slowly decaying to zero over a few seconds or minutes. There 
> also has
> been spontaneous in- stances of the voltage rising above 120 VRMS as
> observed by the increased lamp load bank brightness. The volt meters, 
> ammeter,
> and power meter did not correlate with the brightness change except 
> when the
> machine would the fail to produce any power.
> Many times the VTA was normally left on powering a lamp load bank 24 
> hours a
> day. During a period of time when it appeared to be functioning 
> properly all day
> long, Floyd got up at 3:00 AM to go to the bathroom. As he walked past 
> the room
> where the VTA was located, he noticed that the lights appeared dim. He
> measured the voltage at 70 VRMS. Being tired at the moment, he returned to
> bed. The next morning when he rose, the voltage was back to the normal 120
> VRMS and stayed there all day. The next night Floyd got up at 4:30 AM. The
> voltage was measured at 85 VRMS. Floyd returned to bed. The voltage was
> normal the entire next day.
> A possible clue to this anomaly has appeared in an article by E.W. 
> Silvertooth
> title 'Motion Through The Ether' where Silver- tooth describes a dual 
> path laser
> interferometer experiment that conclusively demonstrated the presence 
> of an
> ether that flows through our portion of the universe at greater than 
> the speed of
> light with its vector in the direction of the constellation Leo. 
> Floyd's VTA may be
> orientation sensitive to this ether velocity vector.
> The VTA consists of two 4" X 6" X .5" grade 5 or grade 8 ferrite 
> magnets spaced
> 3 inches apart in the attractive orientation, with the output and 
> drive coils in
> between. The output coils are wound with 20 gage magnet wire. Their 
> axis is
> parallel to the magnetic lines of force between the two magnets. The 
> two drive
> (or excitation) coil axes are positioned at 90 degrees to the output 
> coil axis. The
> VTA excitation coils may be driven by the VTA output voltage or a 
> separate sine
> wave oscillator source.
> The "SECRET" to the machine is the process that "conditions" the 
> magnets. This
> conditioning process determines the output frequency and also prepares the
> machine for operation. The same machine could be just as well "told" 
> to output
> 50 HZ or 400 HZ. The conditioning technique is so novel, it is 
> doubtful anyone
> would ever guess how it is done. Oscilloscope observation of the VTA 
> output
> voltage waveform shows an apparently perfect sine wave that is not phase
> locked to the local 60 HZ power line voltage.
> The VTA can be started by momentary connection of a 9 volt battery to 
> the drive
> coils when the machine is operated in the self-powered mode. The 
> operation is
> stopped by momentary interruption of power to the power coils.
> The VTA "likes" to always see a minimum load of 25 watts.
> Electrical shock to humans from the VTA may be more damaging than contact
> with a 120 VRMS 60 HZ conventional powerline volt- age. Floyd has 
> accidentally
> had VTA current pass from his thumb to his smallest finger. It appears 
> to freeze
> the flesh and was extremely painful for at least two weeks.
> The mechanism by which negative energy makes copper conductors cold 
> but will
> also heat light bulb filaments is not understood. Tom Bearden has 
> coined the
> term "Gravito Stiction" for this process and has described how he 
> believes it
> works.
> On the human side of the VTA development, some incidents are worth 
> telling.
> Two people from Australia, who claimed they wanted to help Floyd, 
> stole his note
> book and promptly asked John Bedini for help in replicating the VTA 
> based on
> the notebook contents. John recognized the notebook as belonging to 
> Floyd and
> promptly asked them to leave. However, the notebook was never recovered.
> Floyd has received many death threats over the phone, and some threats 
> face to
> face. A well dressed gentleman in a expensive suit, tie, hat, and 
> hundred dollar
> shoes approached Floyd on the sidewalk of the street where he lives and
> introduced himself as Cecil Brown. He showed him a picture of Floyd 
> inside his
> apartment. Cecil then told him that he represented a conglomerate that 
> did not
> want Floyd's device to appear in the world at this time. He further 
> stated that
> sometimes unfortunate things happen to people who do not comply with the
> wishes of others. He then retrieved the picture and departed. 
> Incidences like this
> do impart significant concern in Floyd's mind!
> One real unsung hero of the human side of this story is Al Margolin, 
> who for
> many years has provided test equipment, fabrication help, and 
> transportation for
> Floyd and Rose whenever needed, and it was needed many times.
> Floyd's long time friend and former employer Bill Lawry has provided 
> living and
> project expenses and fabrication help when needed.
> The reliable conditioning of the magnets in a manner that assures long 
> time
> operation is the Achilles heel of this device. With the help of enough 
> of the right
> people this device may change our world and open a new field of 
> physics! This
> adventure of course is an on going and the final goal of powering the 
> world with
> the VTA is still a long ways off.
>
> Negative electricity!  Joel and I experienced all of the effects that 
> Bearden, Sweet and all others saw!
>
> Yes!  Doug, Kone, Been there, done that! Norm
>
>
> On 6/28/2018 12:52 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Hi Norman
>>
>> Remember the Hal Putoff one watt challenge?
>>
>> Was all this or before or after or during that big cash money prize 
>> to anyone who can "prove without doubt to him" that you have 
>> something overunity....and only one watt is all it will take....
>>
>> Cant remember what the prize was but I would guess this contest was 
>> meant to bring all the inventors and scientists out of the woodwork 
>> and contact hin - now a nice list is created pf who to threaten, who 
>> to cancel any hope of patenting device, who to steal tech from, who 
>> to steal and patent yourself via corporate CIA controlled business, 
>> so tech never sees light of day, who to discourage with his 
>> "brilliant"lump resistive load testing set up to ruin everything make 
>> it look 10% efficient when in actuality it is 7 times overunity....
>>
>> Chernetsky was murdered I am sure the CIA made it look like the 
>> Russians did it, as supposedly he wanted to come to USA  (to win and 
>> claim the one watt challenge?) But I would guess HP made some  
>> classified reports to interested parties in black suits who took a 
>> short vacation to Russia......
>>
>> Kone
>>
>>
>> 
>