Voltage and Current | Basic Concepts Of Electricity | Electronics Textbook

Don"t apologize for I agree with your thought as to usefulness for 
conversion of E to EM or RF!  It is not an example of Electrostatic to 
current electricity as I had proposed!  Good thoughts!


On 9/26/2018 3:10 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> My mistake.  Looked as though it could be used to transvert E to EM.
>
>
> On 9/26/2018 12:29 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Mick, The Van DeGraff https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en 
>> is not an electrostatic derived machine!  Sorry! No Cigar!
>>
>>
>> On 9/25/2018 2:15 PM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Norm,
>>>
>>> The Holtz is an elegant design.
>>>
>>> This is a very interesting patent as it described electrostatic combined
>>> with electromagnetic in order to get useful current.  Part of the device
>>> is a flux switch.
>>>
>>> https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en
>>>
>>> On 9/25/2018 9:55 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>> > Holtz Electrostatic generator
>>>
>>
>
>

Ole!  Happenstance that Same person Patented both devices!  No problem, 
just to set record straight!


On 9/26/2018 8:19 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hi Norman,
>
> Sorry my mistake. You did mention that other patent while I thought of 
> the traditional physics lab Van de Graaff generator.
>
> Regards
> Ole
>
>
>
> ---In [email protected], <nwootan@...> wrote :
>
> Ole!!!!  You have mixed apples with oranges here! Look at the Patent 
> we are referring to and see that Van de Graff patented the 
> electromagnetic device https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en
>
> Your Van  de Graff electrostatic generator is different animal 
> Patented by same gentleman!  I owned a very large Van de Graff 
> generator that came out of SLAC. Stanford Linear Accelerator Complex 
> and donated it to the Tesla Museum at Colorado Springs.  Sorry for the 
> misunderstanding of what we were discussing!
>
>
> On 9/26/2018 5:43 PM, onielsen@... <mailto:onielsen@...> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
>>     Hi Norman,
>>
>>     The device normally known as a Van de Graaff generator is
>>     electrostatic according to the patent: *1935-02-12*
>>     *US1991236A*ELECTROSTATIC GENERATOR
>>     (https://patents.google.com/patent/US1991236A/en?inventor=Graaff+Robert+J+Van+De)
>>
>>     This is actually a constant current generator meaning the voltage
>>     keeps on climbing until it flashes over or leaks away at the
>>     current rate it is outputting. The voltage can climb to MV value.
>>     Some use pressured gas for insulation.
>>
>>     https://wiki2.org/en/Van_de_Graaff_generator
>>
>>     If anybody is planning to build or buy a small Van de Graaff
>>     generator Larry Wandell shows some interesting experiments on how
>>     to make a permanent magnet pick up nonmagnetic materials by first
>>     charging them with a handheld Van de Graaff generator:
>>     https://www.youtube.com/user/bluedoaify/videos. Even wood can be
>>     attracted to the magnet this way. Perhaps this effect is the way
>>     to make an antigravity craft.
>>
>>     Regards
>>     Ole
>>
>>
>>
>>     ---In [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>,
>>     <nwootan@...> <mailto:nwootan@...> wrote :
>>
>>     Mick, The Van DeGraff
>>     https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en is not an
>>     electrostatic derived machine!  Sorry! No Cigar!
>>
>>
>>     On 9/25/2018 2:15 PM, Mick mkjekyll@... <mailto:mkjekyll@...>
>>     [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>>>         Norm,
>>>
>>>         The Holtz is an elegant design.
>>>
>>>         This is a very interesting patent as it described
>>>         electrostatic combined
>>>         with electromagnetic in order to get useful current.  Part
>>>         of the device
>>>         is a flux switch.
>>>
>>>         https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en
>>>
>>>         On 9/25/2018 9:55 AM, Norman Wootan nwootan@...
>>>         <mailto:nwootan@...> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>         > Holtz Electrostatic generator
>>>
>>
>
>

James!  I re-read all my post and have found no reference to the need 
for a high voltage step down transformer!!!


On 9/26/2018 1:47 PM, James Glinski [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm you said that a Hi voltage step down transformer would be needed 
> .but I know this may fly in the face of known understanding but you 
> might be able to use a large cap like a 450 or 1000 vac oil cap and 
> bleed off the energy before it reaches the caps rating . I think the 
> caps ratings are for a full cap .not a filling cap .by using a neon 
> with a MOSFET you can bleed off at 96 volts reset at 65 volts .never 
> getting near the voltage to destroy it .sounds nuts but might work . I 
> think those ratings are like a tire ratings you go over boom .but if 
> you bleed it you may never reach the catastrophic dielectric break 
> down . of course if you stuff fails and you go to it it will let you 
> know .a little testing might be in order .
>
> On Sep 26, 2018 9:25 AM, "Norman Wootan [email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]" <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>
>     I want to put this out to all on the subject of Dynamic Aether and
>     how we can learn to tap this energy.  Remember Martin Luther King,
>     I have a dream??   Well, about a month ago I had a very strange
>     dream regarding our quest for tapping the aether for power.  I
>     remember Tom Bearden (RIP) making the statement that in dealing
>     with this problem we must Think Backwards, in other words think in
>     reciprocal, Inverse, Opposite to what we have learned down through
>     the years of Academia Dogma.   Ok! here is the crux of the dream
>     that I had! Like Love, most times we are looking in all the wrong
>     places.  We have often heard that a magnet is simply a material
>     that has the domains in the molecular lattic all aligned to cause
>     an entrainment of Aether flow that causes the manifestation of a
>     field that we measure as magnetic flux.  The flux lines are an
>     artifact of the aetheric flow. When we simply move a conductor
>     through the aetheric lines we cause an EMF to develop and if we
>     close the circuit a real current happens just as depicted in the
>     simple diagram below when we place a conductor between two
>     opposite charged objects.   Now we get to the inverse thinking. 
>     We all know that electrostatic charge in a capacitor is stored in
>     the dielectric media and not on the plates or conductive surfaces.
>     It is displacement of electrons in the dielectric media
>     (polorized). Let's look at the many versions of Electrostatic
>     generators or Influence Machines that tap the dielectric media for
>     the electrons that are concentrated in storage capacitors
>     (condensers) (Leyden Jars).  We all learned in 9th grade Physics
>     Classes that the Electrostatic Generator, Whinshurst, Holtz and
>     all other were stripping electrons from the air or other material
>     that were an electron source.   I was Ok with that explanation
>     till I got heavily involved with elecrtostatics and ran across the
>     very powerful machines that used deep vacuum and even hydrogen as
>     a dielectric media.  Now I had to go back and read The Physics of
>     the Primary State of Matter, Davson, 1955 in which we find that a
>     hard vacuum contains concentrated aether in the form of a cold
>     plasma.  Ah! Ha! now we have clue as to how an Influence Machine
>     operating in a hard vacuum can accumulate a huge electron charge. 
>     The Felici Hydrogen Media machine  is the most powerful
>     electrostatic generator ever built and gives an output at 3KW.  In
>     my dream, we learned how to utilize the dielectric as the source
>     of our power and not conductors passing through a magnetic flux
>     field.  We have to think about converting the concentrated aether
>     into electrons in-order to do our work!  The simple diagram below
>     gives us the answer, in that if we have polorized  charge and
>     provide a conductive path we will have an resultant current cause
>     the potential(EMF) is already present.    The converter of
>     aetheric energy into electrons is the Felici Generator or other
>     machines similar in theory. See:
>     http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=teslaring;id=1;url=http%3A%2F%2Fu2%2Elege%2Enet%2Fnewebmasters%2Ecom__freeenergy%2Fexternal_links_from_theverylastpageoftheinternet%2Ecom%2Fhighvoltage%2FHVgenerator%2FHVgenerator%2Ehtm
>     <http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=teslaring;id=1;url=http%3A%2F%2Fu2%2Elege%2Enet%2Fnewebmasters%2Ecom__freeenergy%2Fexternal_links_from_theverylastpageoftheinternet%2Ecom%2Fhighvoltage%2FHVgenerator%2FHVgenerator%2Ehtm>
>
>
>     On 9/25/2018 11:55 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]
>     <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>>     https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/voltage-current/
>>     <https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/voltage-current/>
>>
>>     http://www.rexresearch.com/testatik/testart.htm
>>     <http://www.rexresearch.com/testatik/testart.htm> This simple
>>     diagram is something to really think about.  I had an interesting
>>     conversation with Ken Shoulders ( Charged Cluster Experiments) 
>>     at a Denver New Energy Conference. I asked him what kind of power
>>     supply he used to charge his HV capacitors for the Charged
>>     Cluster Experiments.  His reply was a Holtz Electrostatic
>>     generator.  WOW!   I think you can readily pickup on how the
>>     Testatica Swiss Machine was able to convert electrostatic charge
>>     into current electricity.
>>
>>
>>     On 9/25/2018 6:38 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected]
>>     <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>>     All it takes is one volt!  (differential in circuit).
>>>
>>>     Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>>>     <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>>>
>>>         On Mon, Sep 24, 2018 at 8:13 PM, [email protected]
>>>         <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]
>>>         <[email protected]> <mailto:[email protected]> wrote:
>>>
>>>         Hi Norman,
>>>
>>>         "Since some folks don't understand that for a current to
>>>         flow in a circuit, you have to have a potential ( Volts). 
>>>          Back to fundamentals!"
>>>         This isn't necessary if the circuit has zero resistance but
>>>         does apply to a resistive circuit. For a zero resistance
>>>         circuit only initiating the current requires Volt x second =
>>>         Weber aka magnetic flux https://wiki2.org/en/Weber_(unit)
>>>         <https://wiki2.org/en/Weber_%28unit%29>.
>>>
>>>         Regards
>>>         Ole
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>         ---In [email protected]
>>>         <mailto:[email protected]>, <nwootan@...>
>>>         <mailto:nwootan@...> wrote :
>>>
>>>         https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/voltage-current/
>>>         <https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/voltage-current/>
>>>
>>>
>>>         Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>>>         <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>>>
>>>         Since some folks don't understand that for a current to flow
>>>         in a circuit, you have to have a potential ( Volts).   Back
>>>         to fundamentals!
>>>
>>
>
>

https://books.google.com/books?id=DbHl9J05am4C&pg=PA35&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false 
Please take the time to read these thought on the source of the charge, 
long befor Einstein published his General Theory of Relativity which 
switched modern Physics away from the Aether Theory!  Interesting 
reading from long ago!  Tesla said the General Theory set modern Physics 
back a hundred years!


On 9/26/2018 2:59 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en Mick, this machine is 
> not Electrostatic based machine. See the original Holtz Electrostatic 
> machines!
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_generator#Holtz_machine
>
> http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Static_Electricity/Toepler-Holtz_Machine/Toepler-Holtz_Machine.html
>
> http://www.coe.ufrj.br/~acmq/holtz.html
>
> http://www.hp-gramatke.net/history/english/page4000.htm
>
> https://books.google.com/books?id=DbHl9J05am4C&pg=PA35&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false
>
> https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/e88/PDF/EPAC1988_1465.PDF
>
> https://phys.org/news/2014-04-electrostatic.html
>
> https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/abs/10.2514/3.28756?journalCode=jsr
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatics
>
> http://www4.ncsu.edu/~franzen/public_html/CH736/lecture/Dielectric_Polarization.pdf
>
>
>
> On 9/26/2018 9:25 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> I want to put this out to all on the subject of Dynamic Aether and 
>> how we can learn to tap this energy.  Remember Martin Luther King, I 
>> have a dream??   Well, about a month ago I had a very strange dream 
>> regarding our quest for tapping the aether for power.  I remember Tom 
>> Bearden (RIP) making the statement that in dealing with this problem 
>> we must Think Backwards, in other words think in reciprocal, Inverse, 
>> Opposite to what we have learned down through the years of Academia 
>> Dogma.   Ok! here is the crux of the dream that I had!  Like Love, 
>> most times we are looking in all the wrong places.  We have often 
>> heard that a magnet is simply a material that has the domains in the 
>> molecular lattic all aligned to cause an entrainment of Aether flow 
>> that causes the manifestation of a field that we measure as magnetic 
>> flux.  The flux lines are an artifact of the aetheric flow. When we 
>> simply move a conductor through the aetheric lines we cause an EMF to 
>> develop and if we close the circuit a real current happens just as 
>> depicted in the simple diagram below when we place a conductor 
>> between two opposite charged objects.   Now we get to the inverse 
>> thinking.  We all know that electrostatic charge in a capacitor is 
>> stored in the dielectric media and not on the plates or conductive 
>> surfaces. It is displacement of electrons in the dielectric media 
>> (polorized). Let's look at the many versions of Electrostatic 
>> generators or Influence Machines that tap the dielectric media for 
>> the electrons that are concentrated in storage capacitors 
>> (condensers) (Leyden Jars).  We all learned in 9th grade Physics 
>> Classes that the Electrostatic Generator, Whinshurst, Holtz and all 
>> other were stripping electrons from the air or other material that 
>> were an electron source.   I was Ok with that explanation till I got 
>> heavily involved with elecrtostatics and ran across the very powerful 
>> machines that used deep vacuum and even hydrogen as a dielectric 
>> media.  Now I had to go back and read The Physics of the Primary 
>> State of Matter, Davson, 1955 in which we find that a hard vacuum 
>> contains concentrated aether in the form of a cold plasma.  Ah! Ha! 
>> now we have clue as to how an Influence Machine operating in a hard 
>> vacuum can accumulate a huge electron charge.  The Felici Hydrogen 
>> Media machine is the most powerful electrostatic generator ever built 
>> and gives an output at 3KW.  In my dream, we learned how to utilize 
>> the dielectric as the source of our power and not conductors passing 
>> through a magnetic flux field.  We have to think about converting the 
>> concentrated aether into electrons in-order to do our work!  The 
>> simple diagram below gives us the answer, in that if we have 
>> polorized charge and provide a conductive path we will have an 
>> resultant current cause the potential(EMF) is already present.    The 
>> converter of aetheric energy into electrons is the Felici Generator 
>> or other machines similar in theory. See: 
>> http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=teslaring;id=1;url=http%3A%2F%2Fu2%2Elege%2Enet%2Fnewebmasters%2Ecom__freeenergy%2Fexternal_links_from_theverylastpageoftheinternet%2Ecom%2Fhighvoltage%2FHVgenerator%2FHVgenerator%2Ehtm
>>
>>
>> On 9/25/2018 11:55 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/voltage-current/
>>>
>>> http://www.rexresearch.com/testatik/testart.htm This simple diagram 
>>> is something to really think about.  I had an interesting 
>>> conversation with Ken Shoulders ( Charged Cluster Experiments)  at a 
>>> Denver New Energy Conference. I asked him what kind of power supply 
>>> he used to charge his HV capacitors for the Charged Cluster 
>>> Experiments. His reply was a Holtz Electrostatic generator. WOW!   I 
>>> think you can readily pickup on how the Testatica Swiss Machine was 
>>> able to convert electrostatic charge into current electricity.
>>>
>>>
>>> On 9/25/2018 6:38 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> All it takes is one volt!   (differential in circuit).
>>>>
>>>> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
>>>> <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>>>>
>>>>     On Mon, Sep 24, 2018 at 8:13 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY]
>>>>     <[email protected]> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>     Hi Norman,
>>>>
>>>>     "Since some folks don't understand that for a current to flow
>>>>     in a circuit, you have to have a potential ( Volts).  Back to
>>>>     fundamentals!"
>>>>     This isn't necessary if the circuit has zero resistance but
>>>>     does apply to a resistive circuit. For a zero resistance
>>>>     circuit only initiating the current requires Volt x second =
>>>>     Weber aka magnetic flux https://wiki2.org/en/Weber_(unit)
>>>>     <https://wiki2.org/en/Weber_%28unit%29>.
>>>>
>>>>     Regards
>>>>     Ole
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     ---In [email protected], <nwootan@...> wrote :
>>>>
>>>>     https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/voltage-current/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>     Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>>>>     <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>>>>
>>>>     Since some folks don't understand that for a current to flow in
>>>>     a circuit, you have to have a potential ( Volts).  Back to
>>>>     fundamentals!
>>>>
>>>
>>
>
>

OleI made a Van de Graff generator about forty years ago, and have used it for a variety of experiments, over the years.It is about 5' high having a 14" diameter steel sphere that I spun out of flat steel on a lathe, then welded  the two hemispheres together. Prior to that, I fashioned the lower hemisphere so that it had a hole in the centre smoothly transitioning into the sphere interior
to form a socket for a 5" ABS sewer pipe.This pipe contains the beltThe upper sphere contains the upper bearings and roller carrying the dielectric belt from the drive pulley below.It is driven by a now, old fashioned Bodine shunt wound, dc motor, of 1/10 hp. located down in the base, driving the dielectric belt.(most rubber belts are dielectric)It worked quite well raising people's hair straight out for years, being rented out for shampoo commercials for TV (make it, and they will come) until someone wanted the plastic column shiny, or not, and sprayed on some electrically conductive goo or another, rendering it a dud. Competition in the film industry?In any case, a Van de Graff is not hard to make. Two IKEA salad bowls, and a drain pipe should do the trick.A word of caution though. Some of the new drain pipe material is recycled crap that may not be do dielectric as that old stuff I usedI notice the new stuff is kind of froth filled, instead of solid plastic.Hmmm? Makes me want to question what I use for hi voltage coil experiments to wrap my coils around? Just a thought.Now don't forget to replace the motor down below with something interesting. I have never observed Lenz's loading in using the Van de Graff. There is no change in speed prior to a discharge, during. or after.It is a good start for some self runner experiments, I would think.18" sparks have the have some voltage behind them.Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Wed, 26 Sep 2018 at 9:04 PM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
 

Ole!!!!  You have mixed apples with oranges here!  Look at the Patent we are referring to and see that Van de Graff patented the electromagnetic device  https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en
 
 
Your Van  de Graff electrostatic generator is different animal Patented by same gentleman!  I  owned a very large Van de Graff generator that came out of SLAC. Stanford Linear Accelerator Complex and donated it to the Tesla Museum at Colorado Springs.  Sorry for the misunderstanding of what we were discussing!
 
 
 On 9/26/2018 5:43 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
    
Hi Norman,
 
 The device normally known as a Van de Graaff generator is electrostatic according to the patent: 1935-02-12 US1991236A ELECTROSTATIC GENERATOR (https://patents.google.com/patent/US1991236A/en?inventor=Graaff+Robert+J+Van+De)
 
 This is actually a constant current generator meaning the voltage keeps on climbing until it flashes over or leaks away at the current rate it is outputting. The voltage can climb to MV value. Some use pressured gas for insulation.
 
 https://wiki2.org/en/Van_de_Graaff_generator
 
 If anybody is planning to build or buy a small Van de Graaff generator Larry Wandell shows some interesting experiments on how to make a permanent magnet pick up nonmagnetic materials by first charging them with a handheld Van de Graaff generator: https://www.youtube.com/user/bluedoaify/videos. Even wood can be attracted to the magnet this way. Perhaps this effect is the way to make an antigravity craft.
 
 Regards
 Ole
 
 
 
 ---In [email protected], <nwootan@...> wrote :
 
  
Mick, The Van DeGraff https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en is not an electrostatic derived machine!  Sorry! No Cigar!
 
 
 On 9/25/2018 2:15 PM, Mick mkjekyll@... [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
 
    
Norm,
 
 The Holtz is an elegant design.
 
 This is a very interesting patent as it described electrostatic combined
 with electromagnetic in order to get useful current.  Part of the device
 is a flux switch.
 
 https://patents.google.com/patent/US3289066A/en
 
 On 9/25/2018 9:55 AM, Norman Wootan nwootan@... [EVGRAY] wrote:
 > Holtz Electrostatic generator
 
 
  
 
 
    
 
  #yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221 -- #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;font-family:Arial;margin:10px 0;padding:0 10px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp hr {border:1px solid #d8d8d8;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp #yiv9854867221hd {color:#628c2a;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;line-height:122%;margin:10px 0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp #yiv9854867221ads {margin-bottom:10px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp .yiv9854867221ad {padding:0 0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp .yiv9854867221ad p {margin:0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mkp .yiv9854867221ad a {color:#0000ff;text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-sponsor #yiv9854867221ygrp-lc {font-family:Arial;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-sponsor #yiv9854867221ygrp-lc #yiv9854867221hd {margin:10px 0px;font-weight:700;font-size:78%;line-height:122%;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-sponsor #yiv9854867221ygrp-lc .yiv9854867221ad {margin-bottom:10px;padding:0 0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221actions {font-family:Verdana;font-size:11px;padding:10px 0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221activity {background-color:#e0ecee;float:left;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10px;padding:10px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221activity span {font-weight:700;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221activity span:first-child {text-transform:uppercase;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221activity span a {color:#5085b6;text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221activity span span {color:#ff7900;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221activity span .yiv9854867221underline {text-decoration:underline;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221attach {clear:both;display:table;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px;padding:10px 0;width:400px;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221attach div a {text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221attach img {border:none;padding-right:5px;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221attach label {display:block;margin-bottom:5px;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221attach label a {text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 blockquote {margin:0 0 0 4px;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221bold {font-family:Arial;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221bold a {text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 dd.yiv9854867221last p a {font-family:Verdana;font-weight:700;}#yiv9854867221 dd.yiv9854867221last p span {margin-right:10px;font-family:Verdana;font-weight:700;}#yiv9854867221 dd.yiv9854867221last p span.yiv9854867221yshortcuts {margin-right:0;}#yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221attach-table div div a {text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221attach-table {width:400px;}#yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221file-title a, #yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221file-title a:active, #yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221file-title a:hover, #yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221file-title a:visited {text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221photo-title a, #yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221photo-title a:active, #yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221photo-title a:hover, #yiv9854867221 div.yiv9854867221photo-title a:visited {text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 div#yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg #yiv9854867221ygrp-msg p a span.yiv9854867221yshortcuts {font-family:Verdana;font-size:10px;font-weight:normal;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221green {color:#628c2a;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221MsoNormal {margin:0 0 0 0;}#yiv9854867221 o {font-size:0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221photos div {float:left;width:72px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221photos div div {border:1px solid #666666;min-height:62px;overflow:hidden;width:62px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221photos div label {color:#666666;font-size:10px;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;width:64px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221reco-category {font-size:77%;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221reco-desc {font-size:77%;}#yiv9854867221 .yiv9854867221replbq {margin:4px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-actbar div a:first-child {margin-right:2px;padding-right:5px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg {font-size:13px;font-family:Arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg table {font-size:inherit;font:100%;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg select, #yiv9854867221 input, #yiv9854867221 textarea {font:99% Arial, Helvetica, clean, sans-serif;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg pre, #yiv9854867221 code {font:115% monospace;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg * {line-height:1.22em;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-mlmsg #yiv9854867221logo {padding-bottom:10px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-msg p a {font-family:Verdana;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-msg p#yiv9854867221attach-count span {color:#1E66AE;font-weight:700;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-reco #yiv9854867221reco-head {color:#ff7900;font-weight:700;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-reco {margin-bottom:20px;padding:0px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-sponsor #yiv9854867221ov li a {font-size:130%;text-decoration:none;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-sponsor #yiv9854867221ov li {font-size:77%;list-style-type:square;padding:6px 0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-sponsor #yiv9854867221ov ul {margin:0;padding:0 0 0 8px;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-text {font-family:Georgia;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-text p {margin:0 0 1em 0;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-text tt {font-size:120%;}#yiv9854867221 #yiv9854867221ygrp-vital ul li:last-child {border-right:none !important;}#yiv9854867221