water heaters

Warren,

Here are some others the last one being the best.  This is basically a
water version of the Hilsch air vortex heater.  If you have a mill and
lathe you can make one with two cones some static veins to spin the
water in opposite directions and the 90 degree duct in the center to
spit out the hot water.

http://www.thermowaveheater.com/

http://www.inyopools.com/Products/08100028048245.htm

http://www.vrtxuk.com/pages/how.html

Hi Warren and Mick
Super easy simple and cheap to make rotating heater
Go to youtube xearch type in fuel less heater or friction heater.
It's simply metal can with holes drilled in that spins inside slightly larger can...fill with water, spin it and the water gets hot very quickly.
Kone

Warren,

Where are you procuring a heat pump with a variable speed compressor, is
it a minisplit?  There are only two variable speed compressor central
air heat pump models in the US, either from Traine or Rheem Rhud and
they are insanely overpriced.  All minisplits are inverter variable
speed and Daiken is probably the best as they invented the tech.  Maybe
a ground source heat pump is built with an inverter drive, this is
really what one would want as one can bury a bunch of tubing in the
ground and then the heating is only the differential between below the
frost line and the temp rise one desires (as long as enough tubing is
used).  There are some heat pumps which claim variable speed compressor
which are really a multistage compressor, I have been told to stay away
from these.

The ground source heat pumps I have seen are an air output but likely
there are off the shelf that are liquid-liquid too.


On 8/25/2018 6:39 PM, Warren Keillor [email protected]
[EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Doug
>
> Contemplating air to liquid heat pump artangement for first off the
> start heating system. It is all off the shelf except the software for
> the heat pump compressor drive.
> Looking for a software guy who might be able to hack an air to air
> system to handle a liquid heat exchanger, instead of an air handler
> fan and rad as supplied stock.
> Europeans are much more advanced than Canadian installations, I have
> been told.
> Non of this precludes other additional parallel systems to add heat.
> From what Mike tells me, the brushless motors on the compressors,
> speed up and slow down as conditions change, operated by logic
> sensors, within the factory stock program.
> Throwing a monkey wrench into the ordered system, such as unknown
> devices in parallel, may cause it to malfunction.
> I like my machines to be less fussy, with a greater tolerance for
> error, usually only available with steam punk Variacs, and knife switches.
> But I can freeze my ass off in October in this evil climate without
> heat, here in this part of Canada.
> Expedience is part of the immediate equation, with little fooling
> around. The days are getting shorter, unlike where Hector is, with a
> uniform 6:00 am to 6:00 pm daylight, year round.
> Not around here!
> Cheers Warren
> Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
> <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>
>     On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 8:26 PM, Warren Keillor
>     <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>     Doug
>     Interesting!
>     Sounds easy to make.
>     My system is very flexible to accept any heat source, I think.
>     At present, it will be an air to air electric heat pump, which is
>     only about three times as efficient as a Chromalux type resistance
>     hot water heater. It will use about 10 amps of 220 volts to warm
>     the concrete floor of a stone barn 18'x36' inside measurement with
>     walls 2' thick.
>     As you know, I have s good collection of motors.
>     Until this workshop is up, and running, my machine shop is an
>     oxyacetylene cutting torch, drill press and an old Lincoln 225 amp
>     arc welder. I hsve been able to fo a lot of heavy work so far, bit
>     dither around wishing to get my big lathe and milling machine, up
>     and running.
>     Do you have further info on this heat source, and the possible
>     efficiency of it?
>     Cheers Warren
>     Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android
>     <https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature>
>
>         On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 6:35 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY]
>         <[email protected]> wrote:
>          
>
>         Hi Warren and Mick
>         Super easy simple and cheap to make rotating heater
>         Go to youtube xearch type in fuel less heater or friction heater.
>         It's simply metal can with holes drilled in that spins inside
>         slightly larger can...fill with water, spin it and the water
>         gets hot very quickly.
>         Kone
>
>

DougInteresting!Sounds easy to make.My system is very flexible to accept any heat source, I think.At present, it will be an air to air electric heat pump, which is only about three times as efficient as a Chromalux type resistance hot water heater. It will use about 10 amps of 220 volts to warm the concrete floor of a stone barn 18'x36' inside measurement with walls 2' thick.As you know, I have s good collection of motors.Until this workshop is up, and running, my machine shop is an oxyacetylene cutting torch, drill press and an old Lincoln 225 amp arc welder. I hsve been able to fo a lot of heavy work so far, bit dither around wishing to get my big lathe and milling machine, up and running.Do you have further info on this heat source, and the possible efficiency of it?Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 6:35 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
Hi Warren and Mick
Super easy simple and cheap to make rotating heater
Go to youtube xearch type in fuel less heater or friction heater.
It's simply metal can with holes drilled in that spins inside slightly larger can...fill with water, spin it and the water gets hot very quickly.
Kone
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DougContemplating air to liquid heat pump artangement for first off the start heating system. It is all off the shelf except the software for the heat pump compressor drive.Looking for a software guy who might be able to hack an air to air system to handle a liquid heat exchanger, instead of an air handler fan and rad as supplied stock.Europeans are much more advanced than Canadian installations, I have been told.Non of this precludes other additional parallel systems to add heat.

MickMike, who is an avid energy enthusiast, and also Eastern Canada's heating and cooling guru
has moved into my Toronto studio.The first thing he did was remove my natural gas overhead furnace, and cut off the gas service with the rip off delivery fees(whether you burned gas, or not, just renting the underground pipe for$50/ month, year round, gas burned was on top)Bingo! Big savings!He then installed an air to air heat pump. It is a brand that had a label change but the exact same guts and was no longer sold, but lingering in the wholesaler's warehouse.This unit worked great all last winter, one of the most brutal in memory for cold days. The electricity consumption cost less than half that of the gas, plus there was no delivery fee like the gas service. The fans are quiet and it is nice and warm in there.It is by no means the final solution.It was a quick, and dirty fix, as I was moving out in middle December, and he was moving in.Fast forward to my situation here 4 hours east, on the North shore of the St Lawrence to a group of buildings away in the country, built well over 150 years ago from stone, and timber, the electricity is flakey.It goes off, from time, to time, for a number of reasons, before it arrives at the property. Heat arrives by tank truck in the form of propane. Expensive.In any case it all shuts down when the power goes off.I am eyeing the growing cordwood piles as we are now on the 5th chainsaw blade, and cycling all for sharpening, with our new Stihl chainsaw. Trees just being maintained dropping 30" diameter hardwood limbs on the lawns, not even remotely addressing the mature wood lot, where things fall and no sound is heard, certainly no chainsaw.So this two story high stone barn, made from stone one the property, a mixture of lime stone, sandstone, and granite, and another weird kind I haven't seen before, that peeks out of the ground here and there in out croppings. We sure have a lot of stone, and not a predictable amount of soil. I made a set of jaws for my Catepillar excavator, bought used in January, as opposed to a tractor, with front end loader.This unit has paid for itself many times over, every couple of weeks, and become a virtual part of the family. This last week, we moved forty five tons of rock, and broken concrete from the stone barn floor.I naively wanted to dig out eight inches of the floor, to install an insulated heated concrete floor, for radiant heat. Wow! What a job!I bought a little John Deere tractor and trailer at a garage sale down the road, then welded up a steel one ton hydraulic stone hopper for the trailer for carting stone out of the barn. We removed the roll cage from the excavator and got it into the barn, to load the trailer, which was backed in, load, after load, like some mining operationMy wife who is on vacation, is refering to our place as Stalag Vacations.com.She drives the tractor and the Cat quite well now.The Cat requires just as many muscle memory aspects as helicopters, except you don't fall out of the sky.So in short, My friend Mike, and I, are attempting to solve the hot water heating problem to heat the floor. Mike wants to use a heat pump. I have built a 12 volt refrigeration system for my schooner, and understand the basics of heat exchangers and liquid condensers, for energy transfer.There is really nothing on the market that does exactly what we want, but there there are units that can be adapted, except the darn software. The machinery will work fine.Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sun, 26 Aug 2018 at 12:33 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
 

Warren,
 
Where are you procuring a heat pump with a variable speed compressor, is it a minisplit?  There are only two variable speed compressor central air heat pump models in the US, either from Traine or Rheem Rhud and they are insanely overpriced.  All minisplits are inverter variable speed and Daiken is probably the best as they invented the tech.  Maybe a ground source heat pump is built with an inverter drive, this is really what one would want as one can bury a bunch of tubing in the ground and then the heating is only the differential between below the frost line and the temp rise one desires (as long as enough tubing is used).  There are some heat pumps which claim variable speed compressor which are really a multistage compressor, I have been told to stay away from these.
 
The ground source heat pumps I have seen are an air output but likely there are off the shelf that are liquid-liquid too.
 
 
 On 8/25/2018 6:39 PM, Warren Keillor [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
      
Doug
 Contemplating air to liquid heat pump artangement for first off the start heating system. It is all off the shelf except the software for the heat pump compressor drive. Looking for a software guy who might be able to hack an air to air system to handle a liquid heat exchanger, instead of an air handler fan and rad as supplied stock. Europeans are much more advanced than Canadian installations, I have been told. Non of this precludes other additional parallel systems to add heat.
 From what Mike tells me, the brushless motors on the compressors, speed up and slow down as conditions change, operated by logic sensors, within the factory stock program. Throwing a monkey wrench into the ordered system, such as unknown devices in parallel, may cause it to malfunction. I like my machines to be less fussy, with a greater tolerance for error, usually only available with steam punk Variacs, and knife switches. But I can freeze my ass off in October in this evil climate without heat, here in this part of Canada. Expedience is part of the immediate equation, with little fooling around. The days are getting shorter, unlike where Hector is, with a uniform 6:00 am to 6:00 pm daylight, year round. Not around here! Cheers Warren
 Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 8:26 PM, Warren Keillor <[email protected]> wrote:   
 Doug Interesting! Sounds easy to make. My system is very flexible to accept any heat source, I think. At present, it will be an air to air electric heat pump, which is only about three times as efficient as a Chromalux type resistance hot water heater. It will use about 10 amps of 220 volts to warm the concrete floor of a stone barn 18'x36' inside measurement with walls 2' thick. As you know, I have s good collection of motors. Until this workshop is up, and running, my machine shop is an oxyacetylene cutting torch, drill press and an old Lincoln 225 amp arc welder. I hsve been able to fo a lot of heavy work so far, bit dither around wishing to get my big lathe and milling machine, up  and running. Do you have further info on this heat source, and the possible efficiency of it? Cheers Warren
 Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 6:35 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] <[email protected]> wrote:          
Hi Warren and Mick
 Super easy simple and cheap to make rotating heater
 Go to youtube xearch type in fuel less heater or friction heater.
 It's simply metal can with holes drilled in that spins inside slightly larger can...fill with water, spin it and the water gets hot very quickly.
 Kone
       
   
    
 
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I got this brand ~2014 or 2013 it's used to keep the battery's cool in summer. It also is a heater if outside temperature is >-20CFor the winter it should be in the sun.. I will be using a S9i miner for winter heat for battery.
Don't know if this would work for you, maybe underground heat sink is better. Just buy more refrigerant.
I got the 9000 BTU Aura model for 44' trailer..They where helpful choosing the right model.
Single Zone Mini Split - Single Room Mini Split

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Single Zone Mini Split - Single Room Mini Split

Find single zone mini split air conditioners at variable prices and efficiency ratings. Our mini splits either c...
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   On Sunday, August 26, 2018, 6:55:01 a.m. MDT, Warren Keillor [email protected] [EVGRAY] <[email protected]> wrote:  
 
     
Mick
Mike, who is an avid energy enthusiast, and also Eastern Canada's heating and cooling guru
has moved into my Toronto studio.The first thing he did was remove my natural gas overhead furnace, and cut off the gas service with the rip off delivery fees(whether you burned gas, or not, just renting the underground pipe for$50/ month, year round, gas burned was on top)Bingo! Big savings!He then installed an air to air heat pump. It is a brand that had a label change but the exact same guts and was no longer sold, but lingering in the wholesaler's warehouse.This unit worked great all last winter, one of the most brutal in memory for cold days. The electricity consumption cost less than half that of the gas, plus there was no delivery fee like the gas service. The fans are quiet and it is nice and warm in there.It is by no means the final solution.It was a quick, and dirty fix, as I was moving out in middle December, and he was moving in.Fast forward to my situation here 4 hours east, on the North shore of the St Lawrence to a group of buildings away in the country, built well over 150 years ago from stone, and timber, the electricity is flakey.It goes off, from time, to time, for a number of reasons, before it arrives at the property. Heat arrives by tank truck in the form of propane. Expensive.In any case it all shuts down when the power goes off.I am eyeing the growing cordwood piles as we are now on the 5th chainsaw blade, and cycling all for sharpening, with our new Stihl chainsaw. Trees just being maintained dropping 30" diameter hardwood limbs on the lawns, not even remotely addressing the mature wood lot, where things fall and no sound is heard, certainly no chainsaw.So this two story high stone barn, made from stone one the property, a mixture of lime stone, sandstone, and granite, and another weird kind I haven't seen before, that peeks out of the ground here and there in out croppings. We sure have a lot of stone, and not a predictable amount of soil. I made a set of jaws for my Catepillar excavator, bought used in January, as opposed to a tractor, with front end loader.This unit has paid for itself many times over, every couple of weeks, and become a virtual part of the family. This last week, we moved forty five tons of rock, and broken concrete from the stone barn floor.I naively wanted to dig out eight inches of the floor, to install an insulated heated concrete floor, for radiant heat. Wow! What a job!I bought a little John Deere tractor and trailer at a garage sale down the road, then welded up a steel one ton hydraulic stone hopper for the trailer for carting stone out of the barn. We removed the roll cage from the excavator and got it into the barn, to load the trailer, which was backed in, load, after load, like some mining operationMy wife who is on vacation, is refering to our place as Stalag Vacations.com.She drives the tractor and the Cat quite well now.The Cat requires just as many muscle memory aspects as helicopters, except you don't fall out of the sky.So in short, My friend Mike, and I, are attempting to solve the hot water heating problem to heat the floor. Mike wants to use a heat pump. I have built a 12 volt refrigeration system for my schooner, and understand the basics of heat exchangers and liquid condensers, for energy transfer.There is really nothing on the market that does exactly what we want, but there there are units that can be adapted, except the darn software. The machinery will work fine.Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sun, 26 Aug 2018 at 12:33 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
 

Warren,
 
Where are you procuring a heat pump with a variable speed compressor, is it a minisplit?  There are only two variable speed compressor central air heat pump models in the US, either from Traine or Rheem Rhud and they are insanely overpriced.  All minisplits are inverter variable speed and Daiken is probably the best as they invented the tech.  Maybe a ground source heat pump is built with an inverter drive, this is really what one would want as one can bury a bunch of tubing in the ground and then the heating is only the differential between below the frost line and the temp rise one desires (as long as enough tubing is used).  There are some heat pumps which claim variable speed compressor which are really a multistage compressor, I have been told to stay away from these.
 
The ground source heat pumps I have seen are an air output but likely there are off the shelf that are liquid-liquid too.
 
 
 On 8/25/2018 6:39 PM, Warren Keillor [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
      
Doug
 Contemplating air to liquid heat pump artangement for first off the start heating system. It is all off the shelf except the software for the heat pump compressor drive. Looking for a software guy who might be able to hack an air to air system to handle a liquid heat exchanger, instead of an air handler fan and rad as supplied stock. Europeans are much more advanced than Canadian installations, I have been told. Non of this precludes other additional parallel systems to add heat.
 From what Mike tells me, the brushless motors on the compressors, speed up and slow down as conditions change, operated by logic sensors, within the factory stock program. Throwing a monkey wrench into the ordered system, such as unknown devices in parallel, may cause it to malfunction. I like my machines to be less fussy, with a greater tolerance for error, usually only available with steam punk Variacs, and knife switches. But I can freeze my ass off in October in this evil climate without heat, here in this part of Canada. Expedience is part of the immediate equation, with little fooling around. The days are getting shorter, unlike where Hector is, with a uniform 6:00 am to 6:00 pm daylight, year round. Not around here! Cheers Warren
 Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 8:26 PM, Warren Keillor <[email protected]> wrote:   
 Doug Interesting! Sounds easy to make. My system is very flexible to accept any heat source, I think. At present, it will be an air to air electric heat pump, which is only about three times as efficient as a Chromalux type resistance hot water heater. It will use about 10 amps of 220 volts to warm the concrete floor of a stone barn 18'x36' inside measurement with walls 2' thick. As you know, I have s good collection of motors. Until this workshop is up, and running, my machine shop is an oxyacetylene cutting torch, drill press and an old Lincoln 225 amp arc welder. I hsve been able to fo a lot of heavy work so far, bit dither around wishing to get my big lathe and milling machine, up  and running. Do you have further info on this heat source, and the possible efficiency of it? Cheers Warren
 Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 6:35 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] <[email protected]> wrote:          
Hi Warren and Mick
 Super easy simple and cheap to make rotating heater
 Go to youtube xearch type in fuel less heater or friction heater.
 It's simply metal can with holes drilled in that spins inside slightly larger can...fill with water, spin it and the water gets hot very quickly.
 Kone
       
   
    
 
    
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Norm,

I read your proposal on this when asking about the problem with resonant
technology and tuning for every load.  Did you develop the system to the
point of selling it or building a full blown proof of concept?

I was at Feuling engineering when they were running the Tesla turbines
they built for race car water pumps, the energy savings over a regular
impeller pump was from 10-40 times.

I always thought they would be cool in jet boats or the irrigation pumps
they use and watercraft.   I don't know about the torque curve though, I
assume they need to be spun quickly but a conical hybrid version with
Schaberger spiral flow would be something else and would likely overcome
the lack of low end torque.

I think the Sr71 ram jet engines work almost in a Schauberger mode with
the variable metering cone inside the inlet cowl.


On 8/29/2018 8:14 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>  
>
> Kone & Warren, I have had vast experience with MVR (Mechanical Vapor
> Re compression) technology in our Vortex Energy Systems project. I
> made the trip to the UAE back in 2009 to help improve their
> Desalination Systems by introducing the Tesla Turbine backbone to the
> MVR technology.  I did the ExtraOrdinary Technology Conference
> presentation  for Steven at the 2016 Conference. DVD # ET 1615. 
> Covered 40 years of research and development.   For you folks that are
> not familiar with MVR technology, please visit the sites to see how
> Industry has achieved a COP of 40:1 using the Low Lift methods and our
> Tesla turbine System used the medium lift  with a 20:1 COP.  By using
> 3 different refrigerants to scavenge all sources of waste heat or
> sources of heat, any business or residential application can thrive
> off the environment. I prototyped this and it does work.  Very
> efficient collection, concentration and utilization of heat energy all
> around us. Please review the Technology.
>
> Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat
> Pump Driven by a Centrifugal Fan
> Weike Pang 1, 2,a, Luwei Yang1,b, Zhentao Zhang1*,c
> 1Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 10090, China
> 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
> [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
> Keywords: MVR driven by fans; system performance; falling-film
> evaporation; adiabatic efficiency.
> Abstract: A mechanical vapor recompression heat pump driven by a
> centrifugal fan is designed
> together with falling-film evaporation. Based on theoretical analysis,
> experimental research is
> applied to study the fan type of MVR. Choosing water as the
> experimental medium, the operation
> characteristic of MVR applied to low evaporation is examined.
> Practically, the pressure difference of
> the unit is likely to keep stable while its evaporation pressure goes
> up. After the system performance
> is tested and analyzed, it shows that the total evaporation water and
> total input energy increase as its
> evaporation pressure grows. Further, some calculation is done and the
> result indicates that its SMER
> and COP decrease while the evaporation pressure rises. The reason of
> this phenomenon is: the
> leakage loss of the fan inside goes up and its displacement efficiency
> reduces as the evaporation
> temperature and pressure is high; finally, it brings forth the drop of
> the system’s adiabatic efficiency.
> Finally, the trend of average input work for compressed vapor is
> compared in three different terms.
> The trend of average input work by calculation is the same as that in
> theory; that is to say, both of them
> descend when the evaporation pressure ascends. Because of displacement
> efficiency, the trend of
> average input work by measure is different from that in theory; that
> is to say, the average input work
> by measure grows slightly when the evaporation pressure goes up.
> Introduction
> The heat pump of mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) could be applied
> to evaporation of
> solution widely. Comparing with the conventional multiple-effect
> evaporation, the MVR heat pump
> does not need a boiler to provide some drive vapor, so the pollutant
> released from coal-burning boilers
> reduces. In the places of evaporation, the MVR may be considered to
> adopt if there is enough electric
> power. It could reuse the heat of produced vapor evaporating from the
> solution, which shows the high
> efficiency of energy conservation [1, 2]. With the drop trend of
> electric comparing to vapor, the MVR
> heat pump will be used more than before.
> At present, in overseas areas without plenty of water, the MVR heat
> pump is applied to
> desalination of seawater by researchers, and some perfect fruit has be
> gained [3~6]. In domestic salt
> industry, the MVR is forming its market and a few big factories have
> installed the equipment [7, 8]. The
> MVR systems of desalination or salt manufacturing are very complicated
> and their production
> capacity is quite large. Meanwhile, there are respective
> characteristics of system for both of them. The
> reports on the MVR of small evaporation for solution are few. In
> current studies, some special
> treatment with MVR on one type of solution is done [9~12]. The trend
> of operation characteristics and
> performance need advanced research to discover when the MVR heat pump
> deals with solution that
> has some common qualities.
> Based on the need of medium and small evaporation in industry, this
> study is done to design a unit
> with compact structure and simple manipulation. All parts of the unit
> are homegrown. The
> compression ratio and temperature difference of heat transfer are not
> big. It is suitable to concentrate
> those solutions which are sensitive to temperature. It provides
> references for optimization of latter
> systems by measuring and analyzing the performance parameters of the unit.
> Advanced Materials Research Online: 2013-08-16
> ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 732-733, pp 165-171
> doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
> © 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
> All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be
> reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the
> written permission of Trans
> Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 130.203.136.75, Pennsylvania
> State University, University Park, USA-11/05/16,08:40:51)
> Analysis on the Performance of the System
> The performance parameters examined are the total input energy, the
> total evaporation water,
> evaporation water per input energy (SMER), COP of the heat pump,
> adiabatic efficiency and
> displacement efficiency of the fan, and so on.
> Fig.1 The thermodynamic process of vapor
> The process of the vapor thermodynamic state is: under the ideal
> condition, the solution at state 4
> is heated to boiling point and then vapor evaporates; its state is 1.
> The vapor is compressed to state 2’
> by adiabatic compression. When cooling, the compressed vapor is
> firstly cooled as the saturated state
> 2’’, following condensates as state 3. During practical compression,
> the compressed vapor is state 2
> for there are some irreversible factors. Based on the parameters of
> produced vapor at beginning and at
> end of compression, average input work of the reversible adiabatic
> process is:
> 2 ' 1
> w = h - h
> . (1)
> During the process of practical compression, average input work is:
> i 2 1 w = h - h . (2)
> In the formula (1) and (2), h is enthalpy of vapor, kJ/kg.
> Based on the electric power Pe by measure, vapor flux m by measure,
> efficiency of the electric
> motor ηe, and mechanical efficiency ηm, average input work during
> practical compression may be
> expressed as following:
> ' e m e
> i
> P
> w
> m
> =h h
> . (3)
> The ratio of average input work during practical irreversible process
> to that during ideal
> reversible process is called as adiabatic efficiency [13]. It is
> written as following:
> 1 2
> '
> ( )
> i
> i e e m
> w h h m
> w P
> h
> h h
> = = -
> . (4)
> During practical compression, the leakage loss of the fan inside
> brings forth that its displacement
> in practice is less than in theory. The ratio is called as
> displacement efficiency. It is written as
> following:
> V
> th
> m
> m
> h =
> . (5)
> The SMER of the system is:
> 3600 i m e SMER
> w
> = hh h
> . (6)
> The practical COP of the system is:
> i th COP =h COP . (7)
> 166 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
> The theoretical COP of the system is:
> th
> r
> COP
> w
> =
> . (8)
> In the formula (8), r is latent heat of vapor, kJ/kg.
> Principle of the System’s Flow Chart
> water
> tank
> centrifuge fan
> evaporator
> valve1
> discharge pump
> feed pump
> condensate pump
> circulation pump
> flow meter
> pressure regulating valve
> separator
> Fig.2 Process of an MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven
> by a centrifugal fan
> The process of an MVR heat pump driven by a centrifugal fan is shown
> in figure 2. The separate
> vapor from the separator is sucked by the centrifugal fan. After it is
> compressed, it goes into the
> evaporator to heat the raw solution with the state of high temperature
> and pressure. The raw solution
> pumped by the feed pump is heated to boiling point. The mixture of
> vapor and liquid steps into the
> separator and is separated from each other. The saturated vapor that
> is separated from the separator
> enters the fan to start a new work period. The vapor releases its heat
> in the evaporator and is cooled as
> water, and then is discharged from the system. The gas that could not
> be condensation is discharged
> by a valve.
> Before starting the unit, the valve 7 is shut and the valve 1, 3 and 5
> are turned on. After the unit is
> turned on, the solution pumped into the system flows through valve 3
> and 5. Then it is sprinkled at the
> top of the evaporator. Some solution evaporates and the mixture steps
> into the separator while the
> other solution return the feed pump by valve 1 and the discharge pump.
> When the unit runs stably, all
> of the solution pumped into the evaporator evaporates. The vapor goes
> into the separator and the
> concentrated solution is discharged directly by valve 1 and the
> discharge pump. If the liquid position
> rises to the maximal, the feed pump and valve 5 should be closed.
> Next, the circulation pump, valve 6
> and 7 are turned on, after then the accumulative liquid is pumped back
> to the evaporator to evaporate
> again.
> Experimental System
> According to the flow principle of the system, the experimental
> installation is set up. It is shown
> in figure 3. Additionally, a set of electric heater is installed to
> quicken the startup of the system. After
> the unit is at a steady state, the heater supplies its energy to the
> unit for there is heat loss. Because of
> the heater, the evaporation of the system keeps stable.
> During the experiment, water is chose as the evaporation medium. The
> parameters needed to be
> measured are: suck pressure and temperature of the fan, discharge
> pressure and temperature of the fan,
> hell temperature of the evaporator, tube temperature of the
> evaporator, liquid position of the
> separator, liquid position of the condensate tank, flux of the
> condensate, flux of the raw solution,
> electric power of the fan, electric power of the heater.
> Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 167
> Fig.3 MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven by a
> centrifugal fan
> The technology parameters of sensors for testing are shown in table 1.
> Table1 The parameters of sensors for testing
> Sensor Test parameter Precision Measuring
> range
> PT100 Temperature of shell and tube in evaporator 0.1 -50~400[℃]
> Thermocouple-T Suction and discharge temperature of fan 0.1 -50~200[℃]
> Pressure
> transmitter
> Suction and discharge pressure of fan 0.5 0~0.5[Mpa]
> Liquid position Liquid level of separator and condensation water
> tank
> 1.5 0~300[mm]
> Flow meter Flow rate of condensation water and raw solution 1.5 0~500[L/h]
> Transformer Power of electric heat 1.0 0~260[V]
> Analysis and Discussion
> Fig.4 Trend of input energy of the experimental unit
> As shown in figure 4, the electric power of the heater and total
> electric power of the unit rise as
> the evaporation pressure ascend. With the increase of evaporation
> pressure, from 95KPa to 110KPa,
> the total electric power goes up from 2.44kW to 2.77kW. Considering
> that the leakage loss of the fan
> inside ascends and its displacement efficiency descends, the volume
> flux of the vapor reduces. The
> specific volume goes down with the increase of the evaporation
> pressure, which makes the mass flux
> goes up probably. If the increase extent of vapor flux is more than
> the decrease extent of average input
> work in theory for compression, the electric power of the unit maybe
> ascend. The change of
> evaporation pressure is subject to the adjustment of evaporation
> temperature. When evaporation
> pressure increases, the evaporation temperature ascends firstly. The
> heater needs to supply more heat
> than before for the temperature goes up. In conclusion, with the
> ascent of evaporation pressure, the
> 168 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
> electric power of the heater increases, too. Additionally, when the
> evaporation temperature goes up,
> the leakage heat rises. It needs to supply more heat than before to
> keep the evaporation temperature
> steady. With the increase of evaporation pressure from 95KPa to
> 110KPa, the electric power of heater
> ascends from 2.09kW to 2.55kW. Put these two powers together, the
> total input energy goes up when
> the evaporation pressure rises.
> Fig.5 Trend of evaporation water
> As shown in figure 5, the trend of evaporation water by measure is the
> same as that in theory.
> Both of them ascends when evaporation pressure rises, but the increase
> extent of evaporation water by
> measure is not as large as that in theory. When the evaporation
> pressure goes up from 95KPa to
> 110KPa, the ascent extent of evaporation water in theory is about
> 15kg/h, but the ascent extent is
> about only 5kg/h. It indicates that the advantage by heightening the
> evaporation pressure to increase
> the evaporation water is as much as its disadvantage of the descent of
> the fan’s displacement
> efficiency. It could not improve the performance of the unit if the
> evaporation pressure is adjusted to
> higher than before, but its SMER decreases.
> The evaporation water by measure is gained according to the separated
> vapor, and the theoretical
> is based on the displacement and its specific volume of the sucked
> vapor when the fan works at
> different condition. During practical compression, the vapor sucked by
> the fan contains some water
> drops. Because of that, the process of vapor compression is changed as
> wet compression. In practice,
> the electric power of the system increases for the wet compression.
> Fig.6 Trend of performance of the experimental unit
> As shown in figure 6, the SMER descends gradually with the ascent of
> the evaporation pressure.
> The total evaporation water goes up when the evaporation pressure
> rises, but the input electric power
> of the unit also goes up. Because the ascent extent of the electric
> power is more than that of the
> evaporation water, the average power per water increases and SMER goes
> down. When the
> evaporation pressure ascends from 95KPa to 110KPa, SMER descends from
> 30.04kg/kWh to
> 29.62kg/kWh.
> Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 169
> In theory, COP of the system goes up with the ascent of the
> evaporation pressure, but it goes
> down in practice. It is because of the adiabatic efficiency of the
> fan. When the evaporation pressure
> and temperature rise, the condensation pressure and temperature rise
> also. As a result, it reduces the
> adiabatic efficiency of the fan. The decrease extent of adiabatic
> efficiency is larger than the increase
> extent of the COP in theory, so the practical COP by measure goes
> down. It drops from 23.41 to 22.99.
> Fig.7 Trend of the average input work in different conditions
> As shown in figure 7, the average input work by calculation that is
> based on the electric power in
> practice and theoretical displacement is compared to the average input
> work in theory. It is discovered
> that both of them decreases when the evaporation pressure rises.
> Differently, the average input work
> by measure based on the practical displacement goes up while the
> evaporation pressure ascends. It is
> because that the displacement efficiency decreases. For the descent of
> the displacement efficiency, the
> vapor displacement in practice goes down gradually. The increase
> extent of mass flux of vapor is less
> than the increase extent of the electric power, so the average input
> work goes up in practice. When the
> evaporation rises from 95KPa to 110KPa, the average input work rises
> from 95.87kJ/kg to
> 97.22kJ/kg.
> Fig.8 Trend of efficiency of the fan
> As shown in figure 8, with the ascent of the evaporation pressure, the
> temperature of the sucked
> vapor by the fan goes up gradually and the leakage loss of the fan
> inside increases, too. As a result, the
> displacement efficiency goes down, from 0.79 at the evaporation
> pressure of 95KPa to 0.74 at the
> evaporation pressure of 110KPa. As shown in the formula of adiabatic
> efficiency, the adiabatic
> efficiency is affected by the mass flux both in theory and practice,
> that is to say, it is affected by the
> displacement efficiency. Because of the displacement, the adiabatic
> efficiency reduces when the
> evaporation pressure rises. The adiabatic efficiency decreases from
> 0.25 at the evaporation pressure of
> 95KPa to 0.21 at the evaporation pressure of 110KPa.
> 170 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
> Conclusions
> Based on the measure and analysis on the unit when it operates in
> practice, some laws are
> concluded. They are:
> 1) The total evaporation water and electric power of the fan type of
> MVR increase as the
> evaporation pressure goes up, but the ascent extent of evaporation
> water in practice is less than that in
> theory.
> 2) SMER and COP of the system decrease as the evaporation pressure
> ascends. It is because the
> adiabatic efficiency reduces with the ascent of the evaporation
> pressure. Additionally, the descent of
> the adiabatic efficiency is brought by the descent of the displacement
> efficiency.
> 3) In the range of high temperature and pressure, the suck and
> discharge pressure of the fan rise as
> the evaporation pressure and temperature go up. As a result, the
> leakage loss of the fan inside
> increases and its displacement efficiency reduces gradually.
> 4) The average input work drops as the evaporation pressure increases,
> but the descent extent of
> the adiabatic efficiency is worse. As a result, SMER and COP of the
> system drop as the evaporation
> pressure rises.
> Acknowledgements
> This work is supported by National High Technology Research and
> Development Program
> (Foundation No.2012AA063402); National Technology Support Program
> (Foundation
> No.2012BAA03B05).
> References
> [1] Yang Xiangyang, Zhao Xiangyong. Experimental research on the
> utilization of mechanical vapor
> recompression heat pump [J], Power Engineering. 1999, Vol.19 Suppl:
> 255-258
> [2] Li Chengzhi. Vapor recompression evaporators [J]. Chlor-Alkali
> Industry, 2003, 6: 18-20
> [3] Hikmet S.Aybar. Analysis of a mechanical vapor compression
> desalination system [J].
> Desalination, 2002, 142:181-186
> [4] Narmine H.Aly, Adel K.El-Fiqi. Mechanical vapor compression
> desalination systems-a case study
> [J]. Desalination, 2003, 158:143-150
> [5] Rubina Bahar, M.N.A.Hawlader, Liang Song Woei. Performance
> evaluation of a mechanical
> vapor compression desalination system [J]. Desalination, 2004, 166:123-127
> [6] Abdulnasser A.Mabrouk, A.S.Nafey, H.E.S.Fath. Thermoeconomic
> analysis of some existing
> desalination processes [J]. Desalination, 2007, 205:354-373
> [7] Huang Cheng. Compendium of the mechanical compressed heat pump
> technology[J]. Journal of
> Salt and Chemical Industry, 2010, 39(4): 42-44
> [8] Zhao Yingfeng. Brief introduction of the 1 million tpa vacuum salt
> making plant of CNSIC Jintan
> company [J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 2008, 39(5): 3-4
> [9] Zhou Guiying, Qu Jingkui. The application and analysis of
> mechanical compression evaporation
> in treating ephedrine effluent [J]. Filtration and Separation, 2002,
> 12(3):14-16
> [10] Liu Xiaoli, Gu Zhaolin. New technology of black liquid
> concentration by vapor compressor
> heating liquid [J]. Energy Conservation Technology. 2003, 21(5): 27-28
> [11] Liang lin, Han dong. Experiment of mechanical vapor recompression
> evaporator. Chemical
> Industry and Engineering Progress [J], 2009, Vol.28 Suppl: 358-360
> [12] Yun Shichang. Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) [J]. China
> Dairy Industry, 1998,
> 21(2):78-81
> [13] Zeng Danling, Ao yue, Zhang Xinming. Engineering Thermodynamics
> (M).Beijing: High
> Education Press, 2002:264
> Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 171
> Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
> 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733
> Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat Pump
> Driven by a Centrifugal
> Fan
> 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
>
> The heart of the Vortex Energy Systems is my Patent for Production of
> Hydrogen : US Patent:  
>
> Process and device for producing hydrogen
> US 20030059353 A1             Prototype fabrication and proof of
> concept completed spring of 2006 for GAZPROM,  Moscow.
>
> BTW! Kone, James Griggs came to Joseph Binder Lab in 1996 to see my
> demonstration of a Perkins Rotor operating at over-unity. I explained
> exactly how the unit achieved the 140% over-unity verified by NASA and
> written about by Eugene Malove. My unit had a Pyrex glass outer
> envelope which allowed  the visual proof that the micro cavitation,
> sonoluminescence events proved the source of the gains in heat. See:
> Langmuir, Atomic Hydrogen.
> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding I subsequently
> got Patent for the Sonodiffusor. US Patent: *Patent number*: 6386751
> BTW, I gave my demo Perkins Rotor to Moray King at the Tesla
> Conference for his study of Nano Cavitation.
> <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding>
>
> On 8/29/2018 7:38 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>  
>>
>> Hi Warren
>> They mention overunity in the can with holes in it rotating inside
>> another vs with gap less than 1/8" between....watch a few more videos
>> on ir, look up creative science and their " fuel less heater" ...
>>
>> .also please talk to Bart W about his top secret heat pump thing that
>> could be spun by RV essily...i saw it work and saw it tested too at
>> his house a few years ago he just wants to keep its design secret as
>> too easy to replicate it has huge "value" as he calls it....you could
>> bebtesl world example for it, maybe do just some of your tunes get
>> some good data over the winter with it...
>> He was going to let me text one but have no security ar.my.lworkdhop
>> in Seattle he was afraid I might give secret away unintemtionally...
>> Kone
>>
>
>

Kone & Warren, I have had vast experience with MVR (Mechanical Vapor Re 
compression) technology in our Vortex Energy Systems project. I made the 
trip to the UAE back in 2009 to help improve their Desalination Systems 
by introducing the Tesla Turbine backbone to the MVR technology.  I did 
the ExtraOrdinary Technology Conference presentation  for Steven at the 
2016 Conference. DVD # ET 1615.  Covered 40 years of research and 
development.   For you folks that are not familiar with MVR technology, 
please visit the sites to see how Industry has achieved a COP of 40:1 
using the Low Lift methods and our Tesla turbine System used the medium 
lift  with a 20:1 COP.  By using 3 different refrigerants to scavenge 
all sources of waste heat or sources of heat, any business or 
residential application can thrive off the environment. I prototyped 
this and it does work. Very efficient collection, concentration and 
utilization of heat energy all around us. Please review the Technology.

Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat
Pump Driven by a Centrifugal Fan
Weike Pang 1, 2,a, Luwei Yang1,b, Zhentao Zhang1*,c
1Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 10090, China
2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
Keywords: MVR driven by fans; system performance; falling-film 
evaporation; adiabatic efficiency.
Abstract: A mechanical vapor recompression heat pump driven by a 
centrifugal fan is designed
together with falling-film evaporation. Based on theoretical analysis, 
experimental research is
applied to study the fan type of MVR. Choosing water as the experimental 
medium, the operation
characteristic of MVR applied to low evaporation is examined. 
Practically, the pressure difference of
the unit is likely to keep stable while its evaporation pressure goes 
up. After the system performance
is tested and analyzed, it shows that the total evaporation water and 
total input energy increase as its
evaporation pressure grows. Further, some calculation is done and the 
result indicates that its SMER
and COP decrease while the evaporation pressure rises. The reason of 
this phenomenon is: the
leakage loss of the fan inside goes up and its displacement efficiency 
reduces as the evaporation
temperature and pressure is high; finally, it brings forth the drop of 
the system’s adiabatic efficiency.
Finally, the trend of average input work for compressed vapor is 
compared in three different terms.
The trend of average input work by calculation is the same as that in 
theory; that is to say, both of them
descend when the evaporation pressure ascends. Because of displacement 
efficiency, the trend of
average input work by measure is different from that in theory; that is 
to say, the average input work
by measure grows slightly when the evaporation pressure goes up.
Introduction
The heat pump of mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) could be applied 
to evaporation of
solution widely. Comparing with the conventional multiple-effect 
evaporation, the MVR heat pump
does not need a boiler to provide some drive vapor, so the pollutant 
released from coal-burning boilers
reduces. In the places of evaporation, the MVR may be considered to 
adopt if there is enough electric
power. It could reuse the heat of produced vapor evaporating from the 
solution, which shows the high
efficiency of energy conservation [1, 2]. With the drop trend of 
electric comparing to vapor, the MVR
heat pump will be used more than before.
At present, in overseas areas without plenty of water, the MVR heat pump 
is applied to
desalination of seawater by researchers, and some perfect fruit has be 
gained [3~6]. In domestic salt
industry, the MVR is forming its market and a few big factories have 
installed the equipment [7, 8]. The
MVR systems of desalination or salt manufacturing are very complicated 
and their production
capacity is quite large. Meanwhile, there are respective characteristics 
of system for both of them. The
reports on the MVR of small evaporation for solution are few. In current 
studies, some special
treatment with MVR on one type of solution is done [9~12]. The trend of 
operation characteristics and
performance need advanced research to discover when the MVR heat pump 
deals with solution that
has some common qualities.
Based on the need of medium and small evaporation in industry, this 
study is done to design a unit
with compact structure and simple manipulation. All parts of the unit 
are homegrown. The
compression ratio and temperature difference of heat transfer are not 
big. It is suitable to concentrate
those solutions which are sensitive to temperature. It provides 
references for optimization of latter
systems by measuring and analyzing the performance parameters of the unit.
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2013-08-16
ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 732-733, pp 165-171
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
© 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced 
or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written 
permission of Trans
Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 130.203.136.75, Pennsylvania State 
University, University Park, USA-11/05/16,08:40:51)
Analysis on the Performance of the System
The performance parameters examined are the total input energy, the 
total evaporation water,
evaporation water per input energy (SMER), COP of the heat pump, 
adiabatic efficiency and
displacement efficiency of the fan, and so on.
Fig.1 The thermodynamic process of vapor
The process of the vapor thermodynamic state is: under the ideal 
condition, the solution at state 4
is heated to boiling point and then vapor evaporates; its state is 1. 
The vapor is compressed to state 2’
by adiabatic compression. When cooling, the compressed vapor is firstly 
cooled as the saturated state
2’’, following condensates as state 3. During practical compression, the 
compressed vapor is state 2
for there are some irreversible factors. Based on the parameters of 
produced vapor at beginning and at
end of compression, average input work of the reversible adiabatic 
process is:
2 ' 1
w = h - h
. (1)
During the process of practical compression, average input work is:
i 2 1 w = h - h . (2)
In the formula (1) and (2), h is enthalpy of vapor, kJ/kg.
Based on the electric power Pe by measure, vapor flux m by measure, 
efficiency of the electric
motor ηe, and mechanical efficiency ηm, average input work during 
practical compression may be
expressed as following:
' e m e
i
P
w
m
=h h
. (3)
The ratio of average input work during practical irreversible process to 
that during ideal
reversible process is called as adiabatic efficiency [13]. It is written 
as following:
1 2
'
( )
i
i e e m
w h h m
w P
h
h h
= = -
. (4)
During practical compression, the leakage loss of the fan inside brings 
forth that its displacement
in practice is less than in theory. The ratio is called as displacement 
efficiency. It is written as
following:
V
th
m
m
h =
. (5)
The SMER of the system is:
3600 i m e SMER
w
= hh h
. (6)
The practical COP of the system is:
i th COP =h COP . (7)
166 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
The theoretical COP of the system is:
th
r
COP
w
=
. (8)
In the formula (8), r is latent heat of vapor, kJ/kg.
Principle of the System’s Flow Chart
water
tank
centrifuge fan
evaporator
valve1
discharge pump
feed pump
condensate pump
circulation pump
flow meter
pressure regulating valve
separator
Fig.2 Process of an MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven 
by a centrifugal fan
The process of an MVR heat pump driven by a centrifugal fan is shown in 
figure 2. The separate
vapor from the separator is sucked by the centrifugal fan. After it is 
compressed, it goes into the
evaporator to heat the raw solution with the state of high temperature 
and pressure. The raw solution
pumped by the feed pump is heated to boiling point. The mixture of vapor 
and liquid steps into the
separator and is separated from each other. The saturated vapor that is 
separated from the separator
enters the fan to start a new work period. The vapor releases its heat 
in the evaporator and is cooled as
water, and then is discharged from the system. The gas that could not be 
condensation is discharged
by a valve.
Before starting the unit, the valve 7 is shut and the valve 1, 3 and 5 
are turned on. After the unit is
turned on, the solution pumped into the system flows through valve 3 and 
5. Then it is sprinkled at the
top of the evaporator. Some solution evaporates and the mixture steps 
into the separator while the
other solution return the feed pump by valve 1 and the discharge pump. 
When the unit runs stably, all
of the solution pumped into the evaporator evaporates. The vapor goes 
into the separator and the
concentrated solution is discharged directly by valve 1 and the 
discharge pump. If the liquid position
rises to the maximal, the feed pump and valve 5 should be closed. Next, 
the circulation pump, valve 6
and 7 are turned on, after then the accumulative liquid is pumped back 
to the evaporator to evaporate
again.
Experimental System
According to the flow principle of the system, the experimental 
installation is set up. It is shown
in figure 3. Additionally, a set of electric heater is installed to 
quicken the startup of the system. After
the unit is at a steady state, the heater supplies its energy to the 
unit for there is heat loss. Because of
the heater, the evaporation of the system keeps stable.
During the experiment, water is chose as the evaporation medium. The 
parameters needed to be
measured are: suck pressure and temperature of the fan, discharge 
pressure and temperature of the fan,
hell temperature of the evaporator, tube temperature of the evaporator, 
liquid position of the
separator, liquid position of the condensate tank, flux of the 
condensate, flux of the raw solution,
electric power of the fan, electric power of the heater.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 167
Fig.3 MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven by a 
centrifugal fan
The technology parameters of sensors for testing are shown in table 1.
Table1 The parameters of sensors for testing
Sensor Test parameter Precision Measuring
range
PT100 Temperature of shell and tube in evaporator 0.1 -50~400[℃]
Thermocouple-T Suction and discharge temperature of fan 0.1 -50~200[℃]
Pressure
transmitter
Suction and discharge pressure of fan 0.5 0~0.5[Mpa]
Liquid position Liquid level of separator and condensation water
tank
1.5 0~300[mm]
Flow meter Flow rate of condensation water and raw solution 1.5 0~500[L/h]
Transformer Power of electric heat 1.0 0~260[V]
Analysis and Discussion
Fig.4 Trend of input energy of the experimental unit
As shown in figure 4, the electric power of the heater and total 
electric power of the unit rise as
the evaporation pressure ascend. With the increase of evaporation 
pressure, from 95KPa to 110KPa,
the total electric power goes up from 2.44kW to 2.77kW. Considering that 
the leakage loss of the fan
inside ascends and its displacement efficiency descends, the volume flux 
of the vapor reduces. The
specific volume goes down with the increase of the evaporation pressure, 
which makes the mass flux
goes up probably. If the increase extent of vapor flux is more than the 
decrease extent of average input
work in theory for compression, the electric power of the unit maybe 
ascend. The change of
evaporation pressure is subject to the adjustment of evaporation 
temperature. When evaporation
pressure increases, the evaporation temperature ascends firstly. The 
heater needs to supply more heat
than before for the temperature goes up. In conclusion, with the ascent 
of evaporation pressure, the
168 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
electric power of the heater increases, too. Additionally, when the 
evaporation temperature goes up,
the leakage heat rises. It needs to supply more heat than before to keep 
the evaporation temperature
steady. With the increase of evaporation pressure from 95KPa to 110KPa, 
the electric power of heater
ascends from 2.09kW to 2.55kW. Put these two powers together, the total 
input energy goes up when
the evaporation pressure rises.
Fig.5 Trend of evaporation water
As shown in figure 5, the trend of evaporation water by measure is the 
same as that in theory.
Both of them ascends when evaporation pressure rises, but the increase 
extent of evaporation water by
measure is not as large as that in theory. When the evaporation pressure 
goes up from 95KPa to
110KPa, the ascent extent of evaporation water in theory is about 
15kg/h, but the ascent extent is
about only 5kg/h. It indicates that the advantage by heightening the 
evaporation pressure to increase
the evaporation water is as much as its disadvantage of the descent of 
the fan’s displacement
efficiency. It could not improve the performance of the unit if the 
evaporation pressure is adjusted to
higher than before, but its SMER decreases.
The evaporation water by measure is gained according to the separated 
vapor, and the theoretical
is based on the displacement and its specific volume of the sucked vapor 
when the fan works at
different condition. During practical compression, the vapor sucked by 
the fan contains some water
drops. Because of that, the process of vapor compression is changed as 
wet compression. In practice,
the electric power of the system increases for the wet compression.
Fig.6 Trend of performance of the experimental unit
As shown in figure 6, the SMER descends gradually with the ascent of the 
evaporation pressure.
The total evaporation water goes up when the evaporation pressure rises, 
but the input electric power
of the unit also goes up. Because the ascent extent of the electric 
power is more than that of the
evaporation water, the average power per water increases and SMER goes 
down. When the
evaporation pressure ascends from 95KPa to 110KPa, SMER descends from 
30.04kg/kWh to
29.62kg/kWh.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 169
In theory, COP of the system goes up with the ascent of the evaporation 
pressure, but it goes
down in practice. It is because of the adiabatic efficiency of the fan. 
When the evaporation pressure
and temperature rise, the condensation pressure and temperature rise 
also. As a result, it reduces the
adiabatic efficiency of the fan. The decrease extent of adiabatic 
efficiency is larger than the increase
extent of the COP in theory, so the practical COP by measure goes down. 
It drops from 23.41 to 22.99.
Fig.7 Trend of the average input work in different conditions
As shown in figure 7, the average input work by calculation that is 
based on the electric power in
practice and theoretical displacement is compared to the average input 
work in theory. It is discovered
that both of them decreases when the evaporation pressure rises. 
Differently, the average input work
by measure based on the practical displacement goes up while the 
evaporation pressure ascends. It is
because that the displacement efficiency decreases. For the descent of 
the displacement efficiency, the
vapor displacement in practice goes down gradually. The increase extent 
of mass flux of vapor is less
than the increase extent of the electric power, so the average input 
work goes up in practice. When the
evaporation rises from 95KPa to 110KPa, the average input work rises 
from 95.87kJ/kg to
97.22kJ/kg.
Fig.8 Trend of efficiency of the fan
As shown in figure 8, with the ascent of the evaporation pressure, the 
temperature of the sucked
vapor by the fan goes up gradually and the leakage loss of the fan 
inside increases, too. As a result, the
displacement efficiency goes down, from 0.79 at the evaporation pressure 
of 95KPa to 0.74 at the
evaporation pressure of 110KPa. As shown in the formula of adiabatic 
efficiency, the adiabatic
efficiency is affected by the mass flux both in theory and practice, 
that is to say, it is affected by the
displacement efficiency. Because of the displacement, the adiabatic 
efficiency reduces when the
evaporation pressure rises. The adiabatic efficiency decreases from 0.25 
at the evaporation pressure of
95KPa to 0.21 at the evaporation pressure of 110KPa.
170 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
Conclusions
Based on the measure and analysis on the unit when it operates in 
practice, some laws are
concluded. They are:
1) The total evaporation water and electric power of the fan type of MVR 
increase as the
evaporation pressure goes up, but the ascent extent of evaporation water 
in practice is less than that in
theory.
2) SMER and COP of the system decrease as the evaporation pressure 
ascends. It is because the
adiabatic efficiency reduces with the ascent of the evaporation 
pressure. Additionally, the descent of
the adiabatic efficiency is brought by the descent of the displacement 
efficiency.
3) In the range of high temperature and pressure, the suck and discharge 
pressure of the fan rise as
the evaporation pressure and temperature go up. As a result, the leakage 
loss of the fan inside
increases and its displacement efficiency reduces gradually.
4) The average input work drops as the evaporation pressure increases, 
but the descent extent of
the adiabatic efficiency is worse. As a result, SMER and COP of the 
system drop as the evaporation
pressure rises.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National High Technology Research and 
Development Program
(Foundation No.2012AA063402); National Technology Support Program 
(Foundation
No.2012BAA03B05).
References
[1] Yang Xiangyang, Zhao Xiangyong. Experimental research on the 
utilization of mechanical vapor
recompression heat pump [J], Power Engineering. 1999, Vol.19 Suppl: 255-258
[2] Li Chengzhi. Vapor recompression evaporators [J]. Chlor-Alkali 
Industry, 2003, 6: 18-20
[3] Hikmet S.Aybar. Analysis of a mechanical vapor compression 
desalination system [J].
Desalination, 2002, 142:181-186
[4] Narmine H.Aly, Adel K.El-Fiqi. Mechanical vapor compression 
desalination systems-a case study
[J]. Desalination, 2003, 158:143-150
[5] Rubina Bahar, M.N.A.Hawlader, Liang Song Woei. Performance 
evaluation of a mechanical
vapor compression desalination system [J]. Desalination, 2004, 166:123-127
[6] Abdulnasser A.Mabrouk, A.S.Nafey, H.E.S.Fath. Thermoeconomic 
analysis of some existing
desalination processes [J]. Desalination, 2007, 205:354-373
[7] Huang Cheng. Compendium of the mechanical compressed heat pump 
technology[J]. Journal of
Salt and Chemical Industry, 2010, 39(4): 42-44
[8] Zhao Yingfeng. Brief introduction of the 1 million tpa vacuum salt 
making plant of CNSIC Jintan
company [J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 2008, 39(5): 3-4
[9] Zhou Guiying, Qu Jingkui. The application and analysis of mechanical 
compression evaporation
in treating ephedrine effluent [J]. Filtration and Separation, 2002, 
12(3):14-16
[10] Liu Xiaoli, Gu Zhaolin. New technology of black liquid 
concentration by vapor compressor
heating liquid [J]. Energy Conservation Technology. 2003, 21(5): 27-28
[11] Liang lin, Han dong. Experiment of mechanical vapor recompression 
evaporator. Chemical
Industry and Engineering Progress [J], 2009, Vol.28 Suppl: 358-360
[12] Yun Shichang. Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) [J]. China Dairy 
Industry, 1998,
21(2):78-81
[13] Zeng Danling, Ao yue, Zhang Xinming. Engineering Thermodynamics 
(M).Beijing: High
Education Press, 2002:264
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 171
Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733
Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat Pump 
Driven by a Centrifugal
Fan
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165

The heart of the Vortex Energy Systems is my Patent for Production of 
Hydrogen : US Patent:

Process and device for producing hydrogen
US 20030059353 A1 Prototype fabrication and proof of concept completed 
spring of 2006 for GAZPROM,  Moscow.

BTW! Kone, James Griggs came to Joseph Binder Lab in 1996 to see my 
demonstration of a Perkins Rotor operating at over-unity. I explained 
exactly how the unit achieved the 140% over-unity verified by NASA and 
written about by Eugene Malove. My unit had a Pyrex glass outer envelope 
which allowed  the visual proof that the micro cavitation, 
sonoluminescence events proved the source of the gains in heat. See: 
Langmuir, Atomic Hydrogen.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding I subsequently 
got Patent for the Sonodiffusor. US Patent: *Patent number*: 6386751 
BTW, I gave my demo Perkins Rotor to Moray King at the Tesla Conference 
for his study of Nano Cavitation. 
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding>


On 8/29/2018 7:38 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hi Warren
> They mention overunity in the can with holes in it rotating inside 
> another vs with gap less than 1/8" between....watch a few more videos 
> on ir, look up creative science and their " fuel less heater" ...
>
> .also please talk to Bart W about his top secret heat pump thing that 
> could be spun by RV essily...i saw it work and saw it tested too at 
> his house a few years ago he just wants to keep its design secret as 
> too easy to replicate it has huge "value" as he calls it....you could 
> bebtesl world example for it, maybe do just some of your tunes get 
> some good data over the winter with it...
> He was going to let me text one but have no security ar.my.lworkdhop 
> in Seattle he was afraid I might give secret away unintemtionally...
> Kone
>
>

DougI finally got to see the video with the man and his cans.Hmmm?An automotive torque converter?Heat is about energy in a form that is about the infra red spectrum. It is radiation is it not?We should then be exciting matter to emit infr red radiation in the most efficient way possible.I am groping around with with a conduction concept using the liquid circulated inside an, insulated from the ground, concrete mass, the floor.This is well proven to be a good radiator of infra red radiation, being cheap, and practical.The placement on the bottom surface of a space seems to make a pleasant zone of comfort above, in the various strata of air in the room.This system depends on heating the liquid in the tubes cast inside the concrete. It is not that different from an old cast iron radiator exvept it is on the floor, and is the floor.Instead of a coal fired boiler, it can be done better.A compressor pumping refrigerant to a pressure that it becomes liquid draws heat, demands heat when it gets sprayed through an orfice, and evaporates.You then recycle this refrigerant, propane, butane, or whatever. When you condense the vapour, heat is given off.In these heat pump systems, a lot of heat is generated from the closed system recirculating the refrigerant much like your household refrigerator or air conditioner.In short, the electricity required to run the motor to turn the compressor, running the refigeration cycle, makes more heatthan would be made by simply putting an electrical resistor in a beaker of water.
All that fuss and bother of refrigeration machinery gives an advantage over the resistor of a minimumum of 2.8 times more heat for the same unit of electricity.Now if we use an RV to get an increase to the input electricity we can multiply the energy factors, to produce heat.If the solar panels power the RV....?So now selling refrigerators to Eskimos makes sense. I want one too!Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sun, 26 Aug 2018 at 8:43 AM, Warren Keillor<[email protected]> wrote:   MickMike, who is an avid energy enthusiast, and also Eastern Canada's heating and cooling guru
has moved into my Toronto studio.The first thing he did was remove my natural gas overhead furnace, and cut off the gas service with the rip off delivery fees(whether you burned gas, or not, just renting the underground pipe for$50/ month, year round, gas burned was on top)Bingo! Big savings!He then installed an air to air heat pump. It is a brand that had a label change but the exact same guts and was no longer sold, but lingering in the wholesaler's warehouse.This unit worked great all last winter, one of the most brutal in memory for cold days. The electricity consumption cost less than half that of the gas, plus there was no delivery fee like the gas service. The fans are quiet and it is nice and warm in there.It is by no means the final solution.It was a quick, and dirty fix, as I was moving out in middle December, and he was moving in.Fast forward to my situation here 4 hours east, on the North shore of the St Lawrence to a group of buildings away in the country, built well over 150 years ago from stone, and timber, the electricity is flakey.It goes off, from time, to time, for a number of reasons, before it arrives at the property. Heat arrives by tank truck in the form of propane. Expensive.In any case it all shuts down when the power goes off.I am eyeing the growing cordwood piles as we are now on the 5th chainsaw blade, and cycling all for sharpening, with our new Stihl chainsaw. Trees just being maintained dropping 30" diameter hardwood limbs on the lawns, not even remotely addressing the mature wood lot, where things fall and no sound is heard, certainly no chainsaw.So this two story high stone barn, made from stone one the property, a mixture of lime stone, sandstone, and granite, and another weird kind I haven't seen before, that peeks out of the ground here and there in out croppings. We sure have a lot of stone, and not a predictable amount of soil. I made a set of jaws for my Catepillar excavator, bought used in January, as opposed to a tractor, with front end loader.This unit has paid for itself many times over, every couple of weeks, and become a virtual part of the family. This last week, we moved forty five tons of rock, and broken concrete from the stone barn floor.I naively wanted to dig out eight inches of the floor, to install an insulated heated concrete floor, for radiant heat. Wow! What a job!I bought a little John Deere tractor and trailer at a garage sale down the road, then welded up a steel one ton hydraulic stone hopper for the trailer for carting stone out of the barn. We removed the roll cage from the excavator and got it into the barn, to load the trailer, which was backed in, load, after load, like some mining operationMy wife who is on vacation, is refering to our place as Stalag Vacations.com.She drives the tractor and the Cat quite well now.The Cat requires just as many muscle memory aspects as helicopters, except you don't fall out of the sky.So in short, My friend Mike, and I, are attempting to solve the hot water heating problem to heat the floor. Mike wants to use a heat pump. I have built a 12 volt refrigeration system for my schooner, and understand the basics of heat exchangers and liquid condensers, for energy transfer.There is really nothing on the market that does exactly what we want, but there there are units that can be adapted, except the darn software. The machinery will work fine.Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sun, 26 Aug 2018 at 12:33 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
 

Warren,
 
Where are you procuring a heat pump with a variable speed compressor, is it a minisplit?  There are only two variable speed compressor central air heat pump models in the US, either from Traine or Rheem Rhud and they are insanely overpriced.  All minisplits are inverter variable speed and Daiken is probably the best as they invented the tech.  Maybe a ground source heat pump is built with an inverter drive, this is really what one would want as one can bury a bunch of tubing in the ground and then the heating is only the differential between below the frost line and the temp rise one desires (as long as enough tubing is used).  There are some heat pumps which claim variable speed compressor which are really a multistage compressor, I have been told to stay away from these.
 
The ground source heat pumps I have seen are an air output but likely there are off the shelf that are liquid-liquid too.
 
 
 On 8/25/2018 6:39 PM, Warren Keillor [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
  
      
Doug
 Contemplating air to liquid heat pump artangement for first off the start heating system. It is all off the shelf except the software for the heat pump compressor drive. Looking for a software guy who might be able to hack an air to air system to handle a liquid heat exchanger, instead of an air handler fan and rad as supplied stock. Europeans are much more advanced than Canadian installations, I have been told. Non of this precludes other additional parallel systems to add heat.
 From what Mike tells me, the brushless motors on the compressors, speed up and slow down as conditions change, operated by logic sensors, within the factory stock program. Throwing a monkey wrench into the ordered system, such as unknown devices in parallel, may cause it to malfunction. I like my machines to be less fussy, with a greater tolerance for error, usually only available with steam punk Variacs, and knife switches. But I can freeze my ass off in October in this evil climate without heat, here in this part of Canada. Expedience is part of the immediate equation, with little fooling around. The days are getting shorter, unlike where Hector is, with a uniform 6:00 am to 6:00 pm daylight, year round. Not around here! Cheers Warren
 Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 8:26 PM, Warren Keillor <[email protected]> wrote:   
 Doug Interesting! Sounds easy to make. My system is very flexible to accept any heat source, I think. At present, it will be an air to air electric heat pump, which is only about three times as efficient as a Chromalux type resistance hot water heater. It will use about 10 amps of 220 volts to warm the concrete floor of a stone barn 18'x36' inside measurement with walls 2' thick. As you know, I have s good collection of motors. Until this workshop is up, and running, my machine shop is an oxyacetylene cutting torch, drill press and an old Lincoln 225 amp arc welder. I hsve been able to fo a lot of heavy work so far, bit dither around wishing to get my big lathe and milling machine, up  and running. Do you have further info on this heat source, and the possible efficiency of it? Cheers Warren
 Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Sat, 25 Aug 2018 at 6:35 PM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] <[email protected]> wrote:          
Hi Warren and Mick
 Super easy simple and cheap to make rotating heater
 Go to youtube xearch type in fuel less heater or friction heater.
 It's simply metal can with holes drilled in that spins inside slightly larger can...fill with water, spin it and the water gets hot very quickly.
 Kone
       
   
    
 
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Hi Warren
They mention overunity in the can with holes in it rotating inside another vs with gap less than 1/8" between....watch a few more videos on ir, look up creative science and their " fuel less heater" ...

.also please talk to Bart W  about his top secret heat pump thing that could be spun by RV essily...i saw it work and saw it tested too at his house a few years ago he just wants to keep its design secret as too easy to replicate it has huge "value" as he calls it....you could bebtesl world example for it, maybe do just some of your tunes get some good data over the winter with it...
He was going to let me text one but have no security ar.my.lworkdhop in Seattle he was afraid I might give secret away unintemtionally...
Kone

I built several of the 12 inch Tesla Turbines and they proved out my 
theory about the super sonic shock waves that drive the Turbine. All of 
this is in my Tesla Tech video. Jim Warren, before his death in 2012 had 
designed my  turbine to utilize carbon/carbon composite disk that were 
very light and had tensile strength to operate at 100,000 RPM. Jim 
Warren wrote the text book on high temperature composite technology. 
Such a blow to me to loose my business partner. The Tesla turbine when 
properly designed is both an excellent compressor and a highly efficient 
vacuum pump. thus our use in the MVR, Desalinization Process.   BTW, The 
Tesla turbine is an excellent pump for jet watercraft and all the way to 
pumping coarse sluries and even rocks suspended in water.  My Tesla 
Turbine bench in my lab.
On 8/29/2018 10:56 AM, Mick [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Norm,
>
> I read your proposal on this when asking about the problem with 
> resonant technology and tuning for every load.  Did you develop the 
> system to the point of selling it or building a full blown proof of 
> concept?
>
> I was at Feuling engineering when they were running the Tesla turbines 
> they built for race car water pumps, the energy savings over a regular 
> impeller pump was from 10-40 times.
>
> I always thought they would be cool in jet boats or the irrigation 
> pumps they use and watercraft.   I don't know about the torque curve 
> though, I assume they need to be spun quickly but a conical hybrid 
> version with Schaberger spiral flow would be something else and would 
> likely overcome the lack of low end torque.
>
> I think the Sr71 ram jet engines work almost in a Schauberger mode 
> with the variable metering cone inside the inlet cowl.
>
>
> On 8/29/2018 8:14 AM, Norman Wootan [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>
>> Kone & Warren, I have had vast experience with MVR (Mechanical Vapor 
>> Re compression) technology in our Vortex Energy Systems project. I 
>> made the trip to the UAE back in 2009 to help improve their 
>> Desalination Systems by introducing the Tesla Turbine backbone to the 
>> MVR technology.  I did the ExtraOrdinary Technology Conference 
>> presentation  for Steven at the 2016 Conference. DVD # ET 1615.  
>> Covered 40 years of research and development.   For you folks that 
>> are not familiar with MVR technology, please visit the sites to see 
>> how Industry has achieved a COP of 40:1 using the Low Lift methods 
>> and our Tesla turbine System used the medium lift  with a 20:1 COP. 
>> By using 3 different refrigerants to scavenge all sources of waste 
>> heat or sources of heat, any business or residential application can 
>> thrive off the environment. I prototyped this and it does work.  Very 
>> efficient collection, concentration and utilization of heat energy 
>> all around us. Please review the Technology.
>>
>> Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat
>> Pump Driven by a Centrifugal Fan
>> Weike Pang 1, 2,a, Luwei Yang1,b, Zhentao Zhang1*,c
>> 1Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 10090, China
>> 2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, 
>> China
>> [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
>> Keywords: MVR driven by fans; system performance; falling-film 
>> evaporation; adiabatic efficiency.
>> Abstract: A mechanical vapor recompression heat pump driven by a 
>> centrifugal fan is designed
>> together with falling-film evaporation. Based on theoretical 
>> analysis, experimental research is
>> applied to study the fan type of MVR. Choosing water as the 
>> experimental medium, the operation
>> characteristic of MVR applied to low evaporation is examined. 
>> Practically, the pressure difference of
>> the unit is likely to keep stable while its evaporation pressure goes 
>> up. After the system performance
>> is tested and analyzed, it shows that the total evaporation water and 
>> total input energy increase as its
>> evaporation pressure grows. Further, some calculation is done and the 
>> result indicates that its SMER
>> and COP decrease while the evaporation pressure rises. The reason of 
>> this phenomenon is: the
>> leakage loss of the fan inside goes up and its displacement 
>> efficiency reduces as the evaporation
>> temperature and pressure is high; finally, it brings forth the drop 
>> of the system’s adiabatic efficiency.
>> Finally, the trend of average input work for compressed vapor is 
>> compared in three different terms.
>> The trend of average input work by calculation is the same as that in 
>> theory; that is to say, both of them
>> descend when the evaporation pressure ascends. Because of 
>> displacement efficiency, the trend of
>> average input work by measure is different from that in theory; that 
>> is to say, the average input work
>> by measure grows slightly when the evaporation pressure goes up.
>> Introduction
>> The heat pump of mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) could be 
>> applied to evaporation of
>> solution widely. Comparing with the conventional multiple-effect 
>> evaporation, the MVR heat pump
>> does not need a boiler to provide some drive vapor, so the pollutant 
>> released from coal-burning boilers
>> reduces. In the places of evaporation, the MVR may be considered to 
>> adopt if there is enough electric
>> power. It could reuse the heat of produced vapor evaporating from the 
>> solution, which shows the high
>> efficiency of energy conservation [1, 2]. With the drop trend of 
>> electric comparing to vapor, the MVR
>> heat pump will be used more than before.
>> At present, in overseas areas without plenty of water, the MVR heat 
>> pump is applied to
>> desalination of seawater by researchers, and some perfect fruit has 
>> be gained [3~6]. In domestic salt
>> industry, the MVR is forming its market and a few big factories have 
>> installed the equipment [7, 8]. The
>> MVR systems of desalination or salt manufacturing are very 
>> complicated and their production
>> capacity is quite large. Meanwhile, there are respective 
>> characteristics of system for both of them. The
>> reports on the MVR of small evaporation for solution are few. In 
>> current studies, some special
>> treatment with MVR on one type of solution is done [9~12]. The trend 
>> of operation characteristics and
>> performance need advanced research to discover when the MVR heat pump 
>> deals with solution that
>> has some common qualities.
>> Based on the need of medium and small evaporation in industry, this 
>> study is done to design a unit
>> with compact structure and simple manipulation. All parts of the unit 
>> are homegrown. The
>> compression ratio and temperature difference of heat transfer are not 
>> big. It is suitable to concentrate
>> those solutions which are sensitive to temperature. It provides 
>> references for optimization of latter
>> systems by measuring and analyzing the performance parameters of the 
>> unit.
>> Advanced Materials Research Online: 2013-08-16
>> ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 732-733, pp 165-171
>> doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
>> © 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
>> All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be 
>> reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the 
>> written permission of Trans
>> Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 130.203.136.75, Pennsylvania 
>> State University, University Park, USA-11/05/16,08:40:51)
>> Analysis on the Performance of the System
>> The performance parameters examined are the total input energy, the 
>> total evaporation water,
>> evaporation water per input energy (SMER), COP of the heat pump, 
>> adiabatic efficiency and
>> displacement efficiency of the fan, and so on.
>> Fig.1 The thermodynamic process of vapor
>> The process of the vapor thermodynamic state is: under the ideal 
>> condition, the solution at state 4
>> is heated to boiling point and then vapor evaporates; its state is 1. 
>> The vapor is compressed to state 2’
>> by adiabatic compression. When cooling, the compressed vapor is 
>> firstly cooled as the saturated state
>> 2’’, following condensates as state 3. During practical compression, 
>> the compressed vapor is state 2
>> for there are some irreversible factors. Based on the parameters of 
>> produced vapor at beginning and at
>> end of compression, average input work of the reversible adiabatic 
>> process is:
>> 2 ' 1
>> w = h - h
>> . (1)
>> During the process of practical compression, average input work is:
>> i 2 1 w = h - h . (2)
>> In the formula (1) and (2), h is enthalpy of vapor, kJ/kg.
>> Based on the electric power Pe by measure, vapor flux m by measure, 
>> efficiency of the electric
>> motor ηe, and mechanical efficiency ηm, average input work during 
>> practical compression may be
>> expressed as following:
>> ' e m e
>> i
>> P
>> w
>> m
>> =h h
>> . (3)
>> The ratio of average input work during practical irreversible process 
>> to that during ideal
>> reversible process is called as adiabatic efficiency [13]. It is 
>> written as following:
>> 1 2
>> '
>> ( )
>> i
>> i e e m
>> w h h m
>> w P
>> h
>> h h
>> = = -
>> . (4)
>> During practical compression, the leakage loss of the fan inside 
>> brings forth that its displacement
>> in practice is less than in theory. The ratio is called as 
>> displacement efficiency. It is written as
>> following:
>> V
>> th
>> m
>> m
>> h =
>> . (5)
>> The SMER of the system is:
>> 3600 i m e SMER
>> w
>> = hh h
>> . (6)
>> The practical COP of the system is:
>> i th COP =h COP . (7)
>> 166 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
>> The theoretical COP of the system is:
>> th
>> r
>> COP
>> w
>> =
>> . (8)
>> In the formula (8), r is latent heat of vapor, kJ/kg.
>> Principle of the System’s Flow Chart
>> water
>> tank
>> centrifuge fan
>> evaporator
>> valve1
>> discharge pump
>> feed pump
>> condensate pump
>> circulation pump
>> flow meter
>> pressure regulating valve
>> separator
>> Fig.2 Process of an MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation 
>> driven by a centrifugal fan
>> The process of an MVR heat pump driven by a centrifugal fan is shown 
>> in figure 2. The separate
>> vapor from the separator is sucked by the centrifugal fan. After it 
>> is compressed, it goes into the
>> evaporator to heat the raw solution with the state of high 
>> temperature and pressure. The raw solution
>> pumped by the feed pump is heated to boiling point. The mixture of 
>> vapor and liquid steps into the
>> separator and is separated from each other. The saturated vapor that 
>> is separated from the separator
>> enters the fan to start a new work period. The vapor releases its 
>> heat in the evaporator and is cooled as
>> water, and then is discharged from the system. The gas that could not 
>> be condensation is discharged
>> by a valve.
>> Before starting the unit, the valve 7 is shut and the valve 1, 3 and 
>> 5 are turned on. After the unit is
>> turned on, the solution pumped into the system flows through valve 3 
>> and 5. Then it is sprinkled at the
>> top of the evaporator. Some solution evaporates and the mixture steps 
>> into the separator while the
>> other solution return the feed pump by valve 1 and the discharge 
>> pump. When the unit runs stably, all
>> of the solution pumped into the evaporator evaporates. The vapor goes 
>> into the separator and the
>> concentrated solution is discharged directly by valve 1 and the 
>> discharge pump. If the liquid position
>> rises to the maximal, the feed pump and valve 5 should be closed. 
>> Next, the circulation pump, valve 6
>> and 7 are turned on, after then the accumulative liquid is pumped 
>> back to the evaporator to evaporate
>> again.
>> Experimental System
>> According to the flow principle of the system, the experimental 
>> installation is set up. It is shown
>> in figure 3. Additionally, a set of electric heater is installed to 
>> quicken the startup of the system. After
>> the unit is at a steady state, the heater supplies its energy to the 
>> unit for there is heat loss. Because of
>> the heater, the evaporation of the system keeps stable.
>> During the experiment, water is chose as the evaporation medium. The 
>> parameters needed to be
>> measured are: suck pressure and temperature of the fan, discharge 
>> pressure and temperature of the fan,
>> hell temperature of the evaporator, tube temperature of the 
>> evaporator, liquid position of the
>> separator, liquid position of the condensate tank, flux of the 
>> condensate, flux of the raw solution,
>> electric power of the fan, electric power of the heater.
>> Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 167
>> Fig.3 MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven by a 
>> centrifugal fan
>> The technology parameters of sensors for testing are shown in table 1.
>> Table1 The parameters of sensors for testing
>> Sensor Test parameter Precision Measuring
>> range
>> PT100 Temperature of shell and tube in evaporator 0.1 -50~400[℃]
>> Thermocouple-T Suction and discharge temperature of fan 0.1 -50~200[℃]
>> Pressure
>> transmitter
>> Suction and discharge pressure of fan 0.5 0~0.5[Mpa]
>> Liquid position Liquid level of separator and condensation water
>> tank
>> 1.5 0~300[mm]
>> Flow meter Flow rate of condensation water and raw solution 1.5 
>> 0~500[L/h]
>> Transformer Power of electric heat 1.0 0~260[V]
>> Analysis and Discussion
>> Fig.4 Trend of input energy of the experimental unit
>> As shown in figure 4, the electric power of the heater and total 
>> electric power of the unit rise as
>> the evaporation pressure ascend. With the increase of evaporation 
>> pressure, from 95KPa to 110KPa,
>> the total electric power goes up from 2.44kW to 2.77kW. Considering 
>> that the leakage loss of the fan
>> inside ascends and its displacement efficiency descends, the volume 
>> flux of the vapor reduces. The
>> specific volume goes down with the increase of the evaporation 
>> pressure, which makes the mass flux
>> goes up probably. If the increase extent of vapor flux is more than 
>> the decrease extent of average input
>> work in theory for compression, the electric power of the unit maybe 
>> ascend. The change of
>> evaporation pressure is subject to the adjustment of evaporation 
>> temperature. When evaporation
>> pressure increases, the evaporation temperature ascends firstly. The 
>> heater needs to supply more heat
>> than before for the temperature goes up. In conclusion, with the 
>> ascent of evaporation pressure, the
>> 168 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
>> electric power of the heater increases, too. Additionally, when the 
>> evaporation temperature goes up,
>> the leakage heat rises. It needs to supply more heat than before to 
>> keep the evaporation temperature
>> steady. With the increase of evaporation pressure from 95KPa to 
>> 110KPa, the electric power of heater
>> ascends from 2.09kW to 2.55kW. Put these two powers together, the 
>> total input energy goes up when
>> the evaporation pressure rises.
>> Fig.5 Trend of evaporation water
>> As shown in figure 5, the trend of evaporation water by measure is 
>> the same as that in theory.
>> Both of them ascends when evaporation pressure rises, but the 
>> increase extent of evaporation water by
>> measure is not as large as that in theory. When the evaporation 
>> pressure goes up from 95KPa to
>> 110KPa, the ascent extent of evaporation water in theory is about 
>> 15kg/h, but the ascent extent is
>> about only 5kg/h. It indicates that the advantage by heightening the 
>> evaporation pressure to increase
>> the evaporation water is as much as its disadvantage of the descent 
>> of the fan’s displacement
>> efficiency. It could not improve the performance of the unit if the 
>> evaporation pressure is adjusted to
>> higher than before, but its SMER decreases.
>> The evaporation water by measure is gained according to the separated 
>> vapor, and the theoretical
>> is based on the displacement and its specific volume of the sucked 
>> vapor when the fan works at
>> different condition. During practical compression, the vapor sucked 
>> by the fan contains some water
>> drops. Because of that, the process of vapor compression is changed 
>> as wet compression. In practice,
>> the electric power of the system increases for the wet compression.
>> Fig.6 Trend of performance of the experimental unit
>> As shown in figure 6, the SMER descends gradually with the ascent of 
>> the evaporation pressure.
>> The total evaporation water goes up when the evaporation pressure 
>> rises, but the input electric power
>> of the unit also goes up. Because the ascent extent of the electric 
>> power is more than that of the
>> evaporation water, the average power per water increases and SMER 
>> goes down. When the
>> evaporation pressure ascends from 95KPa to 110KPa, SMER descends from 
>> 30.04kg/kWh to
>> 29.62kg/kWh.
>> Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 169
>> In theory, COP of the system goes up with the ascent of the 
>> evaporation pressure, but it goes
>> down in practice. It is because of the adiabatic efficiency of the 
>> fan. When the evaporation pressure
>> and temperature rise, the condensation pressure and temperature rise 
>> also. As a result, it reduces the
>> adiabatic efficiency of the fan. The decrease extent of adiabatic 
>> efficiency is larger than the increase
>> extent of the COP in theory, so the practical COP by measure goes 
>> down. It drops from 23.41 to 22.99.
>> Fig.7 Trend of the average input work in different conditions
>> As shown in figure 7, the average input work by calculation that is 
>> based on the electric power in
>> practice and theoretical displacement is compared to the average 
>> input work in theory. It is discovered
>> that both of them decreases when the evaporation pressure rises. 
>> Differently, the average input work
>> by measure based on the practical displacement goes up while the 
>> evaporation pressure ascends. It is
>> because that the displacement efficiency decreases. For the descent 
>> of the displacement efficiency, the
>> vapor displacement in practice goes down gradually. The increase 
>> extent of mass flux of vapor is less
>> than the increase extent of the electric power, so the average input 
>> work goes up in practice. When the
>> evaporation rises from 95KPa to 110KPa, the average input work rises 
>> from 95.87kJ/kg to
>> 97.22kJ/kg.
>> Fig.8 Trend of efficiency of the fan
>> As shown in figure 8, with the ascent of the evaporation pressure, 
>> the temperature of the sucked
>> vapor by the fan goes up gradually and the leakage loss of the fan 
>> inside increases, too. As a result, the
>> displacement efficiency goes down, from 0.79 at the evaporation 
>> pressure of 95KPa to 0.74 at the
>> evaporation pressure of 110KPa. As shown in the formula of adiabatic 
>> efficiency, the adiabatic
>> efficiency is affected by the mass flux both in theory and practice, 
>> that is to say, it is affected by the
>> displacement efficiency. Because of the displacement, the adiabatic 
>> efficiency reduces when the
>> evaporation pressure rises. The adiabatic efficiency decreases from 
>> 0.25 at the evaporation pressure of
>> 95KPa to 0.21 at the evaporation pressure of 110KPa.
>> 170 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
>> Conclusions
>> Based on the measure and analysis on the unit when it operates in 
>> practice, some laws are
>> concluded. They are:
>> 1) The total evaporation water and electric power of the fan type of 
>> MVR increase as the
>> evaporation pressure goes up, but the ascent extent of evaporation 
>> water in practice is less than that in
>> theory.
>> 2) SMER and COP of the system decrease as the evaporation pressure 
>> ascends. It is because the
>> adiabatic efficiency reduces with the ascent of the evaporation 
>> pressure. Additionally, the descent of
>> the adiabatic efficiency is brought by the descent of the 
>> displacement efficiency.
>> 3) In the range of high temperature and pressure, the suck and 
>> discharge pressure of the fan rise as
>> the evaporation pressure and temperature go up. As a result, the 
>> leakage loss of the fan inside
>> increases and its displacement efficiency reduces gradually.
>> 4) The average input work drops as the evaporation pressure 
>> increases, but the descent extent of
>> the adiabatic efficiency is worse. As a result, SMER and COP of the 
>> system drop as the evaporation
>> pressure rises.
>> Acknowledgements
>> This work is supported by National High Technology Research and 
>> Development Program
>> (Foundation No.2012AA063402); National Technology Support Program 
>> (Foundation
>> No.2012BAA03B05).
>> References
>> [1] Yang Xiangyang, Zhao Xiangyong. Experimental research on the 
>> utilization of mechanical vapor
>> recompression heat pump [J], Power Engineering. 1999, Vol.19 Suppl: 
>> 255-258
>> [2] Li Chengzhi. Vapor recompression evaporators [J]. Chlor-Alkali 
>> Industry, 2003, 6: 18-20
>> [3] Hikmet S.Aybar. Analysis of a mechanical vapor compression 
>> desalination system [J].
>> Desalination, 2002, 142:181-186
>> [4] Narmine H.Aly, Adel K.El-Fiqi. Mechanical vapor compression 
>> desalination systems-a case study
>> [J]. Desalination, 2003, 158:143-150
>> [5] Rubina Bahar, M.N.A.Hawlader, Liang Song Woei. Performance 
>> evaluation of a mechanical
>> vapor compression desalination system [J]. Desalination, 2004, 
>> 166:123-127
>> [6] Abdulnasser A.Mabrouk, A.S.Nafey, H.E.S.Fath. Thermoeconomic 
>> analysis of some existing
>> desalination processes [J]. Desalination, 2007, 205:354-373
>> [7] Huang Cheng. Compendium of the mechanical compressed heat pump 
>> technology[J]. Journal of
>> Salt and Chemical Industry, 2010, 39(4): 42-44
>> [8] Zhao Yingfeng. Brief introduction of the 1 million tpa vacuum 
>> salt making plant of CNSIC Jintan
>> company [J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 2008, 39(5): 3-4
>> [9] Zhou Guiying, Qu Jingkui. The application and analysis of 
>> mechanical compression evaporation
>> in treating ephedrine effluent [J]. Filtration and Separation, 2002, 
>> 12(3):14-16
>> [10] Liu Xiaoli, Gu Zhaolin. New technology of black liquid 
>> concentration by vapor compressor
>> heating liquid [J]. Energy Conservation Technology. 2003, 21(5): 27-28
>> [11] Liang lin, Han dong. Experiment of mechanical vapor 
>> recompression evaporator. Chemical
>> Industry and Engineering Progress [J], 2009, Vol.28 Suppl: 358-360
>> [12] Yun Shichang. Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) [J]. China 
>> Dairy Industry, 1998,
>> 21(2):78-81
>> [13] Zeng Danling, Ao yue, Zhang Xinming. Engineering Thermodynamics 
>> (M).Beijing: High
>> Education Press, 2002:264
>> Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 171
>> Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
>> 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733
>> Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat 
>> Pump Driven by a Centrifugal
>> Fan
>> 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
>>
>> The heart of the Vortex Energy Systems is my Patent for Production of 
>> Hydrogen : US Patent:
>>
>> Process and device for producing hydrogen
>> US 20030059353 A1             Prototype fabrication and proof of 
>> concept completed spring of 2006 for GAZPROM, Moscow.
>>
>> BTW! Kone, James Griggs came to Joseph Binder Lab in 1996 to see my 
>> demonstration of a Perkins Rotor operating at over-unity. I explained 
>> exactly how the unit achieved the 140% over-unity verified by NASA 
>> and written about by Eugene Malove. My unit had a Pyrex glass outer 
>> envelope which allowed  the visual proof that the micro cavitation, 
>> sonoluminescence events proved the source of the gains in heat. See: 
>> Langmuir, Atomic Hydrogen.
>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding I 
>> subsequently got Patent for the Sonodiffusor. US Patent: *Patent 
>> number*: 6386751 BTW, I gave my demo Perkins Rotor to Moray King at 
>> the Tesla Conference for his study of Nano Cavitation. 
>> <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding>
>>
>> On 8/29/2018 7:38 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>
>>> Hi Warren
>>> They mention overunity in the can with holes in it rotating inside 
>>> another vs with gap less than 1/8" between....watch a few more 
>>> videos on ir, look up creative science and their " fuel less heater" ...
>>>
>>> .also please talk to Bart W about his top secret heat pump thing 
>>> that could be spun by RV essily...i saw it work and saw it tested 
>>> too at his house a few years ago he just wants to keep its design 
>>> secret as too easy to replicate it has huge "value" as he calls 
>>> it....you could bebtesl world example for it, maybe do just some of 
>>> your tunes get some good data over the winter with it...
>>> He was going to let me text one but have no security ar.my.lworkdhop 
>>> in Seattle he was afraid I might give secret away unintemtionally...
>>> Kone
>>>
>>
>
>

DougI know that Bart has been very industrious working on a number of ideas.This one has been in the works for some time, and I have, unfortunately, been out of touch with Bart for quite a number of months.I have moved more than half way to Montreal, so it is not just a quick trip down the highway.
My machine shop is scattered about in a variety of unpowered primative buildings, and sort of restricted to cutting torch, arc welder, and drill press, with side grinders as delicate close tolerance work.I would like to replicate his device, providing he has it up, and working.My new machine shop will be  finished this Fall, ready to, again, build things, other than heavy construction machinery.It will be a very photogenic test case for his device, should he need credibility, and publicity.There is a good market in this area, if he is interested in such a thing.We have found an abundance of refreshingly honest, and very bright trades people in this area, open to new ideas.As I said, our electricity delvery is flakey, and the tanker truck of propane is very expensive, every month, based on last Winter.Cheers Warren
Sent from Yahoo Mail on Android 
 
  On Wed, 29 Aug 2018 at 8:38 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY]<[email protected]> wrote:       
Hi Warren
They mention overunity in the can with holes in it rotating inside another vs with gap less than 1/8" between....watch a few more videos on ir, look up creative science and their " fuel less heater" ...

..also please talk to Bart W about his top secret heat pump thing that could be spun by RV essily...i saw it work and saw it tested too at his house a few years ago he just wants to keep its design secret as too easy to replicate it has huge "value" as he calls it....you could bebtesl world example for it, maybe do just some of your tunes get some good data over the winter with it...
He was going to let me text one but have no security ar.my.lworkdhop in Seattle he was afraid I might give secret away unintemtionally...
Kone
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