Body
Kone & Warren, I have had vast experience with MVR (Mechanical Vapor Re
compression) technology in our Vortex Energy Systems project. I made the
trip to the UAE back in 2009 to help improve their Desalination Systems
by introducing the Tesla Turbine backbone to the MVR technology. I did
the ExtraOrdinary Technology Conference presentation for Steven at the
2016 Conference. DVD # ET 1615. Covered 40 years of research and
development. For you folks that are not familiar with MVR technology,
please visit the sites to see how Industry has achieved a COP of 40:1
using the Low Lift methods and our Tesla turbine System used the medium
lift with a 20:1 COP. By using 3 different refrigerants to scavenge
all sources of waste heat or sources of heat, any business or
residential application can thrive off the environment. I prototyped
this and it does work. Very efficient collection, concentration and
utilization of heat energy all around us. Please review the Technology.
Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat
Pump Driven by a Centrifugal Fan
Weike Pang 1, 2,a, Luwei Yang1,b, Zhentao Zhang1*,c
1Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 10090, China
2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
Keywords: MVR driven by fans; system performance; falling-film
evaporation; adiabatic efficiency.
Abstract: A mechanical vapor recompression heat pump driven by a
centrifugal fan is designed
together with falling-film evaporation. Based on theoretical analysis,
experimental research is
applied to study the fan type of MVR. Choosing water as the experimental
medium, the operation
characteristic of MVR applied to low evaporation is examined.
Practically, the pressure difference of
the unit is likely to keep stable while its evaporation pressure goes
up. After the system performance
is tested and analyzed, it shows that the total evaporation water and
total input energy increase as its
evaporation pressure grows. Further, some calculation is done and the
result indicates that its SMER
and COP decrease while the evaporation pressure rises. The reason of
this phenomenon is: the
leakage loss of the fan inside goes up and its displacement efficiency
reduces as the evaporation
temperature and pressure is high; finally, it brings forth the drop of
the system’s adiabatic efficiency.
Finally, the trend of average input work for compressed vapor is
compared in three different terms.
The trend of average input work by calculation is the same as that in
theory; that is to say, both of them
descend when the evaporation pressure ascends. Because of displacement
efficiency, the trend of
average input work by measure is different from that in theory; that is
to say, the average input work
by measure grows slightly when the evaporation pressure goes up.
Introduction
The heat pump of mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) could be applied
to evaporation of
solution widely. Comparing with the conventional multiple-effect
evaporation, the MVR heat pump
does not need a boiler to provide some drive vapor, so the pollutant
released from coal-burning boilers
reduces. In the places of evaporation, the MVR may be considered to
adopt if there is enough electric
power. It could reuse the heat of produced vapor evaporating from the
solution, which shows the high
efficiency of energy conservation [1, 2]. With the drop trend of
electric comparing to vapor, the MVR
heat pump will be used more than before.
At present, in overseas areas without plenty of water, the MVR heat pump
is applied to
desalination of seawater by researchers, and some perfect fruit has be
gained [3~6]. In domestic salt
industry, the MVR is forming its market and a few big factories have
installed the equipment [7, 8]. The
MVR systems of desalination or salt manufacturing are very complicated
and their production
capacity is quite large. Meanwhile, there are respective characteristics
of system for both of them. The
reports on the MVR of small evaporation for solution are few. In current
studies, some special
treatment with MVR on one type of solution is done [9~12]. The trend of
operation characteristics and
performance need advanced research to discover when the MVR heat pump
deals with solution that
has some common qualities.
Based on the need of medium and small evaporation in industry, this
study is done to design a unit
with compact structure and simple manipulation. All parts of the unit
are homegrown. The
compression ratio and temperature difference of heat transfer are not
big. It is suitable to concentrate
those solutions which are sensitive to temperature. It provides
references for optimization of latter
systems by measuring and analyzing the performance parameters of the unit.
Advanced Materials Research Online: 2013-08-16
ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 732-733, pp 165-171
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
© 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced
or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written
permission of Trans
Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 130.203.136.75, Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, USA-11/05/16,08:40:51)
Analysis on the Performance of the System
The performance parameters examined are the total input energy, the
total evaporation water,
evaporation water per input energy (SMER), COP of the heat pump,
adiabatic efficiency and
displacement efficiency of the fan, and so on.
Fig.1 The thermodynamic process of vapor
The process of the vapor thermodynamic state is: under the ideal
condition, the solution at state 4
is heated to boiling point and then vapor evaporates; its state is 1.
The vapor is compressed to state 2’
by adiabatic compression. When cooling, the compressed vapor is firstly
cooled as the saturated state
2’’, following condensates as state 3. During practical compression, the
compressed vapor is state 2
for there are some irreversible factors. Based on the parameters of
produced vapor at beginning and at
end of compression, average input work of the reversible adiabatic
process is:
2 ' 1
w = h - h
. (1)
During the process of practical compression, average input work is:
i 2 1 w = h - h . (2)
In the formula (1) and (2), h is enthalpy of vapor, kJ/kg.
Based on the electric power Pe by measure, vapor flux m by measure,
efficiency of the electric
motor ηe, and mechanical efficiency ηm, average input work during
practical compression may be
expressed as following:
' e m e
i
P
w
m
=h h
. (3)
The ratio of average input work during practical irreversible process to
that during ideal
reversible process is called as adiabatic efficiency [13]. It is written
as following:
1 2
'
( )
i
i e e m
w h h m
w P
h
h h
= = -
. (4)
During practical compression, the leakage loss of the fan inside brings
forth that its displacement
in practice is less than in theory. The ratio is called as displacement
efficiency. It is written as
following:
V
th
m
m
h =
. (5)
The SMER of the system is:
3600 i m e SMER
w
= hh h
. (6)
The practical COP of the system is:
i th COP =h COP . (7)
166 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
The theoretical COP of the system is:
th
r
COP
w
=
. (8)
In the formula (8), r is latent heat of vapor, kJ/kg.
Principle of the System’s Flow Chart
water
tank
centrifuge fan
evaporator
valve1
discharge pump
feed pump
condensate pump
circulation pump
flow meter
pressure regulating valve
separator
Fig.2 Process of an MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven
by a centrifugal fan
The process of an MVR heat pump driven by a centrifugal fan is shown in
figure 2. The separate
vapor from the separator is sucked by the centrifugal fan. After it is
compressed, it goes into the
evaporator to heat the raw solution with the state of high temperature
and pressure. The raw solution
pumped by the feed pump is heated to boiling point. The mixture of vapor
and liquid steps into the
separator and is separated from each other. The saturated vapor that is
separated from the separator
enters the fan to start a new work period. The vapor releases its heat
in the evaporator and is cooled as
water, and then is discharged from the system. The gas that could not be
condensation is discharged
by a valve.
Before starting the unit, the valve 7 is shut and the valve 1, 3 and 5
are turned on. After the unit is
turned on, the solution pumped into the system flows through valve 3 and
5. Then it is sprinkled at the
top of the evaporator. Some solution evaporates and the mixture steps
into the separator while the
other solution return the feed pump by valve 1 and the discharge pump.
When the unit runs stably, all
of the solution pumped into the evaporator evaporates. The vapor goes
into the separator and the
concentrated solution is discharged directly by valve 1 and the
discharge pump. If the liquid position
rises to the maximal, the feed pump and valve 5 should be closed. Next,
the circulation pump, valve 6
and 7 are turned on, after then the accumulative liquid is pumped back
to the evaporator to evaporate
again.
Experimental System
According to the flow principle of the system, the experimental
installation is set up. It is shown
in figure 3. Additionally, a set of electric heater is installed to
quicken the startup of the system. After
the unit is at a steady state, the heater supplies its energy to the
unit for there is heat loss. Because of
the heater, the evaporation of the system keeps stable.
During the experiment, water is chose as the evaporation medium. The
parameters needed to be
measured are: suck pressure and temperature of the fan, discharge
pressure and temperature of the fan,
hell temperature of the evaporator, tube temperature of the evaporator,
liquid position of the
separator, liquid position of the condensate tank, flux of the
condensate, flux of the raw solution,
electric power of the fan, electric power of the heater.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 167
Fig.3 MVR heat pump with falling-film evaporation driven by a
centrifugal fan
The technology parameters of sensors for testing are shown in table 1.
Table1 The parameters of sensors for testing
Sensor Test parameter Precision Measuring
range
PT100 Temperature of shell and tube in evaporator 0.1 -50~400[℃]
Thermocouple-T Suction and discharge temperature of fan 0.1 -50~200[℃]
Pressure
transmitter
Suction and discharge pressure of fan 0.5 0~0.5[Mpa]
Liquid position Liquid level of separator and condensation water
tank
1.5 0~300[mm]
Flow meter Flow rate of condensation water and raw solution 1.5 0~500[L/h]
Transformer Power of electric heat 1.0 0~260[V]
Analysis and Discussion
Fig.4 Trend of input energy of the experimental unit
As shown in figure 4, the electric power of the heater and total
electric power of the unit rise as
the evaporation pressure ascend. With the increase of evaporation
pressure, from 95KPa to 110KPa,
the total electric power goes up from 2.44kW to 2.77kW. Considering that
the leakage loss of the fan
inside ascends and its displacement efficiency descends, the volume flux
of the vapor reduces. The
specific volume goes down with the increase of the evaporation pressure,
which makes the mass flux
goes up probably. If the increase extent of vapor flux is more than the
decrease extent of average input
work in theory for compression, the electric power of the unit maybe
ascend. The change of
evaporation pressure is subject to the adjustment of evaporation
temperature. When evaporation
pressure increases, the evaporation temperature ascends firstly. The
heater needs to supply more heat
than before for the temperature goes up. In conclusion, with the ascent
of evaporation pressure, the
168 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
electric power of the heater increases, too. Additionally, when the
evaporation temperature goes up,
the leakage heat rises. It needs to supply more heat than before to keep
the evaporation temperature
steady. With the increase of evaporation pressure from 95KPa to 110KPa,
the electric power of heater
ascends from 2.09kW to 2.55kW. Put these two powers together, the total
input energy goes up when
the evaporation pressure rises.
Fig.5 Trend of evaporation water
As shown in figure 5, the trend of evaporation water by measure is the
same as that in theory.
Both of them ascends when evaporation pressure rises, but the increase
extent of evaporation water by
measure is not as large as that in theory. When the evaporation pressure
goes up from 95KPa to
110KPa, the ascent extent of evaporation water in theory is about
15kg/h, but the ascent extent is
about only 5kg/h. It indicates that the advantage by heightening the
evaporation pressure to increase
the evaporation water is as much as its disadvantage of the descent of
the fan’s displacement
efficiency. It could not improve the performance of the unit if the
evaporation pressure is adjusted to
higher than before, but its SMER decreases.
The evaporation water by measure is gained according to the separated
vapor, and the theoretical
is based on the displacement and its specific volume of the sucked vapor
when the fan works at
different condition. During practical compression, the vapor sucked by
the fan contains some water
drops. Because of that, the process of vapor compression is changed as
wet compression. In practice,
the electric power of the system increases for the wet compression.
Fig.6 Trend of performance of the experimental unit
As shown in figure 6, the SMER descends gradually with the ascent of the
evaporation pressure.
The total evaporation water goes up when the evaporation pressure rises,
but the input electric power
of the unit also goes up. Because the ascent extent of the electric
power is more than that of the
evaporation water, the average power per water increases and SMER goes
down. When the
evaporation pressure ascends from 95KPa to 110KPa, SMER descends from
30.04kg/kWh to
29.62kg/kWh.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 169
In theory, COP of the system goes up with the ascent of the evaporation
pressure, but it goes
down in practice. It is because of the adiabatic efficiency of the fan.
When the evaporation pressure
and temperature rise, the condensation pressure and temperature rise
also. As a result, it reduces the
adiabatic efficiency of the fan. The decrease extent of adiabatic
efficiency is larger than the increase
extent of the COP in theory, so the practical COP by measure goes down.
It drops from 23.41 to 22.99.
Fig.7 Trend of the average input work in different conditions
As shown in figure 7, the average input work by calculation that is
based on the electric power in
practice and theoretical displacement is compared to the average input
work in theory. It is discovered
that both of them decreases when the evaporation pressure rises.
Differently, the average input work
by measure based on the practical displacement goes up while the
evaporation pressure ascends. It is
because that the displacement efficiency decreases. For the descent of
the displacement efficiency, the
vapor displacement in practice goes down gradually. The increase extent
of mass flux of vapor is less
than the increase extent of the electric power, so the average input
work goes up in practice. When the
evaporation rises from 95KPa to 110KPa, the average input work rises
from 95.87kJ/kg to
97.22kJ/kg.
Fig.8 Trend of efficiency of the fan
As shown in figure 8, with the ascent of the evaporation pressure, the
temperature of the sucked
vapor by the fan goes up gradually and the leakage loss of the fan
inside increases, too. As a result, the
displacement efficiency goes down, from 0.79 at the evaporation pressure
of 95KPa to 0.74 at the
evaporation pressure of 110KPa. As shown in the formula of adiabatic
efficiency, the adiabatic
efficiency is affected by the mass flux both in theory and practice,
that is to say, it is affected by the
displacement efficiency. Because of the displacement, the adiabatic
efficiency reduces when the
evaporation pressure rises. The adiabatic efficiency decreases from 0.25
at the evaporation pressure of
95KPa to 0.21 at the evaporation pressure of 110KPa.
170 Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
Conclusions
Based on the measure and analysis on the unit when it operates in
practice, some laws are
concluded. They are:
1) The total evaporation water and electric power of the fan type of MVR
increase as the
evaporation pressure goes up, but the ascent extent of evaporation water
in practice is less than that in
theory.
2) SMER and COP of the system decrease as the evaporation pressure
ascends. It is because the
adiabatic efficiency reduces with the ascent of the evaporation
pressure. Additionally, the descent of
the adiabatic efficiency is brought by the descent of the displacement
efficiency.
3) In the range of high temperature and pressure, the suck and discharge
pressure of the fan rise as
the evaporation pressure and temperature go up. As a result, the leakage
loss of the fan inside
increases and its displacement efficiency reduces gradually.
4) The average input work drops as the evaporation pressure increases,
but the descent extent of
the adiabatic efficiency is worse. As a result, SMER and COP of the
system drop as the evaporation
pressure rises.
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National High Technology Research and
Development Program
(Foundation No.2012AA063402); National Technology Support Program
(Foundation
No.2012BAA03B05).
References
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utilization of mechanical vapor
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[2] Li Chengzhi. Vapor recompression evaporators [J]. Chlor-Alkali
Industry, 2003, 6: 18-20
[3] Hikmet S.Aybar. Analysis of a mechanical vapor compression
desalination system [J].
Desalination, 2002, 142:181-186
[4] Narmine H.Aly, Adel K.El-Fiqi. Mechanical vapor compression
desalination systems-a case study
[J]. Desalination, 2003, 158:143-150
[5] Rubina Bahar, M.N.A.Hawlader, Liang Song Woei. Performance
evaluation of a mechanical
vapor compression desalination system [J]. Desalination, 2004, 166:123-127
[6] Abdulnasser A.Mabrouk, A.S.Nafey, H.E.S.Fath. Thermoeconomic
analysis of some existing
desalination processes [J]. Desalination, 2007, 205:354-373
[7] Huang Cheng. Compendium of the mechanical compressed heat pump
technology[J]. Journal of
Salt and Chemical Industry, 2010, 39(4): 42-44
[8] Zhao Yingfeng. Brief introduction of the 1 million tpa vacuum salt
making plant of CNSIC Jintan
company [J]. China Well and Rock Salt, 2008, 39(5): 3-4
[9] Zhou Guiying, Qu Jingkui. The application and analysis of mechanical
compression evaporation
in treating ephedrine effluent [J]. Filtration and Separation, 2002,
12(3):14-16
[10] Liu Xiaoli, Gu Zhaolin. New technology of black liquid
concentration by vapor compressor
heating liquid [J]. Energy Conservation Technology. 2003, 21(5): 27-28
[11] Liang lin, Han dong. Experiment of mechanical vapor recompression
evaporator. Chemical
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[12] Yun Shichang. Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) [J]. China Dairy
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[13] Zeng Danling, Ao yue, Zhang Xinming. Engineering Thermodynamics
(M).Beijing: High
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Advanced Materials Research Vols. 732-733 171
Thermal, Power and Electrical Engineering
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733
Operation Characteristic of a Mechanical Vapor Recompression Heat Pump
Driven by a Centrifugal
Fan
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.732-733.165
The heart of the Vortex Energy Systems is my Patent for Production of
Hydrogen : US Patent:
Process and device for producing hydrogen
US 20030059353 A1 Prototype fabrication and proof of concept completed
spring of 2006 for GAZPROM, Moscow.
BTW! Kone, James Griggs came to Joseph Binder Lab in 1996 to see my
demonstration of a Perkins Rotor operating at over-unity. I explained
exactly how the unit achieved the 140% over-unity verified by NASA and
written about by Eugene Malove. My unit had a Pyrex glass outer envelope
which allowed the visual proof that the micro cavitation,
sonoluminescence events proved the source of the gains in heat. See:
Langmuir, Atomic Hydrogen.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding I subsequently
got Patent for the Sonodiffusor. US Patent: *Patent number*: 6386751
BTW, I gave my demo Perkins Rotor to Moray King at the Tesla Conference
for his study of Nano Cavitation.
<https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_hydrogen_welding>
On 8/29/2018 7:38 AM, [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
>
> Hi Warren
> They mention overunity in the can with holes in it rotating inside
> another vs with gap less than 1/8" between....watch a few more videos
> on ir, look up creative science and their " fuel less heater" ...
>
> .also please talk to Bart W about his top secret heat pump thing that
> could be spun by RV essily...i saw it work and saw it tested too at
> his house a few years ago he just wants to keep its design secret as
> too easy to replicate it has huge "value" as he calls it....you could
> bebtesl world example for it, maybe do just some of your tunes get
> some good data over the winter with it...
> He was going to let me text one but have no security ar.my.lworkdhop
> in Seattle he was afraid I might give secret away unintemtionally...
> Kone
>
>