Body
http://lyonel.baum.pagesperso-orange.fr/felici2.html
On 2/12/2019 12:34 PM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>
> Sometimes we have to go to the Mr. Peabody, Way Back Machine and
> review our thinking. Back to basics. CHARGE
>
> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triboelectric_effect
>
> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_induction
>
> https://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/estatics/isop.cfm
>
> https://byjus.com/physics/einsteins-explaination/
>
> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zilvl9tS0Og&feature=youtu.be Remember
> in 9th grade science class you were taught that charge was friction
> stripping of electrons from the air??
>
> See attached Felici
>
> http://www.webring.org/l/rd?ring=teslaring;id=1;url=http%3A%2F%2Fu2%2Elege%2Enet%2Fnewebmasters%2Ecom__freeenergy%2Fexternal_links_from_theverylastpageoftheinternet%2Ecom%2Fhighvoltage%2FHVgenerator%2FHVgenerator%2Ehtm
>
> On 2/12/2019 8:54 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> I strongly support the idea of the Dielectric field as stated by
>> Hooper. Hooper was also a believer in that there are two types of
>> induced electrical fields, just like Maxwell and Feynman. Hooper says
>> there is an electrostatic electric field as well as the motional and
>> transformer type electric field. He also says the motional electric
>> field (the dielectric field) has unique properties and that it is not
>> shieldable.
>>
>> On 2/12/2019 8:51 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> History of Electro-Gravity Research:
>>> http://electrogravityphysics.com/gravity-papers/ m Thanks to Ole for
>>> this excellent review of the AG Research over 200 years.
>>>
>>> On 2/12/2019 8:44 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>
>>>> When in 9th grade, high school 1953 and going through the DeVry
>>>> Electronics Course, I just had to build my own Geiger Counter for
>>>> the Science Fair.
>>>>
>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93M%C3%BCller_tube
>>>>
>>>> On 2/12/2019 8:38 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_gravity_control_propulsion_research
>>>>>
>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitoelectromagnetism
>>>>>
>>>>> http://www.rexresearch.com/hooper/hooper1.htm
>>>>>
>>>>> https://www.wired.com/1998/03/antigravity/
>>>>>
>>>>> When we look back in History at the negative ionization phenomenon
>>>>> which dates back to the old Edison DC grid energizing problems
>>>>> with corona out cropping before a current began in the
>>>>> transmission line. Avalanche phenomenon.
>>>>>
>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townsend_discharge
>>>>>
>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_avalanche
>>>>>
>>>>> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_discharge Please pay
>>>>> particular attention to the difference in Positive Ionization and
>>>>> the Negative Ionization. The Ion Wind and avalanche phenomenon
>>>>> is only present in the Negative plasma.
>>>>>
>>>>> See C33 attached
>>>>>
>>>>> See DC Ion attached
>>>>>
>>>>> See Cage attached
>>>>>
>>>>> 2.1.3.1 Negative DC Corona Processes
>>>>> When the stressed conductor is at a negative potential, electron
>>>>> avalanches are
>>>>> initiated at the cathode and develop in a continuously decreasing
>>>>> field towards the
>>>>> anode. Free electrons which, can move much faster than ions in an
>>>>> applied field, are
>>>>> thus concentrated at the tip of the avalanche. A concentration of
>>>>> positive ions thus
>>>>> forms in the region of the gap between the cathode and the
>>>>> boundary surface So [4,
>>>>> 67]. This is seen in figure 2.6.
>>>>> \
>>>>> \
>>>>> \ ,
>>>>> I' () '--____ -=:..
>>>>> Figure 2.6: Electron Avalanche at the Cathode [4, pg 68]
>>>>> As can be seen from figure 2.6 free electrons continue to migrate
>>>>> across the gap.
>>>>> Beyond the surface So the free electrons quickly attach themselves
>>>>> to the oxygen
>>>>> molecules to form negative ions, which due to their low drift
>>>>> velocity accumulate in
>>>>> the gap beyond So. Once the development of the first electron
>>>>> avalanche has been
>>>>> completed there are two ion space charges in the gap as shown in
>>>>> figure 2.7.
>>>>> E
>>>>> E
>>>>> I
>>>>> J
>>>>> ,
>>>>> \ , \ -
>>>>> ~"-~ +---- \. . \; - - ~
>>>>> .. _;': : -- :1-:.',:::-
>>>>> I
>>>>> I
>>>>> I
>>>>> ED '---_ _ ---'---=:::... I
>>>>> Figure 2.7: Space Charge Following Completion of the First
>>>>> Avalanche [4, pg 68]
>>>>> l3
>>>>>
>>>>> This page is an introduction to the charge separation that occurs
>>>>> in the micro vortex and possible connection to the AG phenomenon.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> This was the meeting at Wright Patterson AFB that kicked off the
>>>>> Research into Anti-gravity in 1956.
>>>>>
>>>>> ELECTROGRAVITIC SYSTEMS
>>>>>
>>>>> An examination of electrostatic motion,
>>>>>
>>>>> dynamic counterbary and barycentric control.
>>>>>
>>>>> TL
>>>>>
>>>>> 565
>>>>>
>>>>> A9
>>>>>
>>>>> Bar Code: 3 1401 00034 5879
>>>>>
>>>>> Due dates omitted.
>>>>>
>>>>> Shield with Logo:
>>>>>
>>>>> AF WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL LABORATORIES
>>>>>
>>>>> TECHNICAL LIBRARY
>>>>>
>>>>> Wright-Patterson
>>>>>
>>>>> Air Force Base, Ohio 45433
>>>>>
>>>>> Inner Cover:
>>>>>
>>>>> ELECTROGRAVITICS SYSTEMS
>>>>>
>>>>> An examination of electrostatic motion,
>>>>>
>>>>> dynamic counterbary and barycentric control.
>>>>>
>>>>> Prepared by
>>>>>
>>>>> Gravity Research Group
>>>>>
>>>>> Aviation Studies (International) Limited, London
>>>>>
>>>>> 29-31 Cheval Place. Knightsbridge
>>>>>
>>>>> LONDON S.W. 7 England
>>>>>
>>>>> Report GRG 013/56 February 1956
>>>>>
>>>>> TL 565 A9
>>>>>
>>>>> CONTENTS
>>>>>
>>>>> Page
>>>>>
>>>>> Introductory Notes...............1
>>>>>
>>>>> Discussion.......................3
>>>>>
>>>>> Conclusions.....................18
>>>>>
>>>>> APPENDIX
>>>>>
>>>>> I - Aviation Report extracts....21
>>>>>
>>>>> I - Electrostatic Patents.......33
>>>>>
>>>>> * * *
>>>>>
>>>>> PROPERTY OF USAF
>>>>>
>>>>> -1-
>>>>>
>>>>> ELECTROGRAVITICS SYSTEMS
>>>>>
>>>>> An examination of electrostatic motion, dynamic
>>>>>
>>>>> counterbary and barycentric control
>>>>>
>>>>> It has been accepted as axiomatic that the way to offset the
>>>>>
>>>>> effects of gravity is to use a lifting surface and considerable
>>>>>
>>>>> molecular energy to produce a continously applied force that,
>>>>>
>>>>> for a limited period of time, can remain greater than the effects
>>>>>
>>>>> of gravitational attraction.The original invention of the glider,
>>>>>
>>>>> and evolution of the briefly self-sustaining glider, at the turn of
>>>>>
>>>>> the century led to progressive advances in power and knowledge.
>>>>>
>>>>> This has been directed to refining the classic Wright Brothers'
>>>>>
>>>>> approach.Aircraft design is still fundamentally as the Wrights
>>>>>
>>>>> adumbrated it, with wings, body, tails, moving or flapping
>>>>>
>>>>> controls, landing gear and so forth.The Wright biplane was a
>>>>>
>>>>> powered glider, and all subsequent aircraft, including the
>>>>>
>>>>> supersonic jets of the nineteen-fifties are also powered gliders.
>>>>>
>>>>> Only one fundamentally different flying principle has so far been
>>>>>
>>>>> adopted with varying degrees of success.It is the rotating wing
>>>>>
>>>>> aircraft that has led to the jet lifters and vertical pushers,
>>>>>
>>>>> coleopters, ducted fans and lift induction turbine propulsion
>>>>>
>>>>> systems.
>>>>>
>>>>> But during these decades there was always the possibility
>>>>>
>>>>> of making efforts to discover the nature of gravity from cosmic
>>>>>
>>>>> or quantum theory, investigation and observation, with a view
>>>>>
>>>>> to discerning the physical properties of aviation's enemy.
>>>>>
>>>>> -2-
>>>>>
>>>>> It has seemed to Aviation Studies that for some time
>>>>>
>>>>> insufficient attention has been directed to this kind of research.
>>>>>
>>>>> If it were successful such developments would change the
>>>>>
>>>>> concept of sustentation, and confer upon a vehicle qualities
>>>>>
>>>>> that woul now be regarded as the ultimate in aviation.
>>>>>
>>>>> This report summarizes in simple form the work that has
>>>>>
>>>>> been done and is being done in the new field of electrogravitics.
>>>>>
>>>>> It also outlines the various possible lines of research into the
>>>>>
>>>>> nature and constituent matter of gravity, and how it has changed
>>>>>
>>>>> from Newton to Einstein to the modern Hlavaty concept of
>>>>>
>>>>> gravity as an electromagnetic force that may be controlled like
>>>>>
>>>>> a light wave.
>>>>>
>>>>> The report also contains an outline of opinions on the
>>>>>
>>>>> feasibility of different electrogravitics systems and there is
>>>>>
>>>>> reference to some of the barycentric control and electrostatic
>>>>>
>>>>> rigs in operation.
>>>>>
>>>>> Also included is a list of references to electrogravitics in
>>>>>
>>>>> successive Aviation Reports since a drive was started by
>>>>>
>>>>> Aviation Studies (International) Limited to suggest to aviation
>>>>>
>>>>> business eighteen months ago that the rewards of success are
>>>>>
>>>>> too far-reaching to be overlooked, especially in view of the
>>>>>
>>>>> hopeful judgement of the most authoritative voice in micro-
>>>>>
>>>>> physics.Also listed are some relevant patents on electrostatics
>>>>>
>>>>> and electrostatic generators in the United States, United Kingdom
>>>>>
>>>>> and France.
>>>>>
>>>>> Gravity Research Group
>>>>>
>>>>> ---------------------
>>>>>
>>>>> 25 February 1956
>>>>>
>>>>> -3-
>>>>>
>>>>> DISCUSSION
>>>>>
>>>>> Electrogravitics might be described as a synthesis of
>>>>>
>>>>> electrostatic energy used for propulsion - either vertical propulsion
>>>>>
>>>>> or horizontal or both - and gravitics, or dynamic counterbary, in
>>>>>
>>>>> which energy is also used to set up a local gravitational force
>>>>>
>>>>> independent of the earth's.
>>>>>
>>>>> Electrostatic energy for propulsion has been predicted as a
>>>>>
>>>>> possible means of propulsion in space when the thrust from a neutron
>>>>>
>>>>> motor or ion motor would be sufficient in a dragless environment
>>>>>
>>>>> to produce astronomical velocities.But the ion motor is not
>>>>>
>>>>> strictly a part of the science of electrogravitics, since barycentric
>>>>>
>>>>> control in an electrogravitics systems is envisaged for a vehicle
>>>>>
>>>>> operating within the earth's environment and it is not seen
>>>>>
>>>>> initially for space application.Probably large scale space opera-
>>>>>
>>>>> tions would have to await the full development of electrogravitics
>>>>>
>>>>> to enable large pieces of equipment to be moved out of the region
>>>>>
>>>>> of the earth's strongest gravity effects.So, though electrostatic
>>>>>
>>>>> motors were thought of in 1925, electrogravitics had its birth after
>>>>>
>>>>> the War, when Townsend Brown sought to improve on the various
>>>>>
>>>>> proposals that then existed for electrostatic motors sufficiently to
>>>>>
>>>>> produce some visible manifestation of sustained motion.Whereas
>>>>>
>>>>> earlier electrostatic tests were essentially pure research
>>>>>
>>>>> Brown's rigs were aimed from the outset at producing a flying
>>>>>
>>>>> article.As a private venture he produced evidence of motion using
>>>>>
>>>>> condensers in a couple of saucers suspended by arms rotating
>>>>>
>>>>> round a central tower with input running down the arms.The
>>>>>
>>>>> massive-k situation was summarized subsequently in a report,
>>>>>
>>>>> Project Winterhaven, in 1952.Using the data some conclusions
>>>>>
>>>>> were arrived at that might be expected from ten or more years of
>>>>>
>>>>> -4-
>>>>>
>>>>> intensive development - similar to that, for instance, applied to
>>>>>
>>>>> the turbine engine.Using a number of assumptions as to the
>>>>>
>>>>> nature of gravity, the report postulated a saucer as the basis of
>>>>>
>>>>> a possible interceptor with Mach 3 capability.Creation of a
>>>>>
>>>>> local gravitational system would confer upon the fighter the
>>>>>
>>>>> sharp-edged changes of direction typical of motion in space.
>>>>>
>>>>> The essence of electrogravitics thrust is the use of a very
>>>>>
>>>>> strong positive charge on one side of the vehicle and a negative
>>>>>
>>>>> on the other.The core of the motor is a condenser and the
>>>>>
>>>>> ability of the condenser to hold its charge (the k-number) is the
>>>>>
>>>>> yardstick of performance.With air as 1, current dielectrical
>>>>>
>>>>> materials can yield 6 and use of <STRONG>barium</STRONG> aluminate
>>>>> can raise
>>>>>
>>>>> this considerably, <STRONG>barium</STRONG> titanium oxide (a baked
>>>>> ceramic) can
>>>>>
>>>>> offer 6,000 and there is promise of 30,000, which would be
>>>>>
>>>>> sufficient for supersonic speed.
>>>>>
>>>>> The original Brown rig produced 30 fps on a voltage of
>>>>>
>>>>> around 50,000 and a small amount of current in the
>>>>>
>>>>> milliamp range.There was no detailed explanation of gravity
>>>>>
>>>>> in Project Winterhaven, but it was assumed that particle
>>>>>
>>>>> dualism in the subatomic structure of gravity would coincide
>>>>>
>>>>> in its effect with the issuing stream of electrons from the
>>>>>
>>>>> electrostatic energy source to produce counterbary.The Brown
>>>>>
>>>>> work probably remains a realistic approach to the practical
>>>>>
>>>>> realization of electrostatic propulsion and sustentation.What-
>>>>>
>>>>> ever may be discovered by the Gravity Research Foundation of
>>>>>
>>>>> New Boston a complete understanding and synthetic reproduction
>>>>>
>>>>> of gravity is not essential for limited success.The electro-
>>>>>
>>>>> gravitics saucer can perform the function of a classic lifting
>>>>>
>>>>> surface - it produces a pushing effect on the under surface and
>>>>>
>>>>> a suction effect on the upper, but, unlike an airfoil, it does not
>>>>>
>>>>> require a flow of air to produce the effect.
>>>>>
>>>>> -5-
>>>>>
>>>>> First attempts at electrogravitics are unlikely to produce
>>>>>
>>>>> counterbary, but may lead to development of an electrostatic
>>>>>
>>>>> VTOL vehicle.Even in its development form this might be an
>>>>>
>>>>> advance on the molecular heat engine in its capabilities.But
>>>>>
>>>>> hopes in the new science depend on an understanding of the
>>>>>
>>>>> source and matter of gravity.It is fortuitous that lift can be
>>>>>
>>>>> produced in the traditional fashion and if an understanding of
>>>>>
>>>>> gravity remains beyond full practical control, electrostatic lift
>>>>>
>>>>> might be an adjunct of some significance to modern thrust
>>>>>
>>>>> producers.Research into electrostatics could prove beneficial
>>>>>
>>>>> to turbine development, and heat engines in general, in view of
>>>>>
>>>>> the usable electron potential round the periphery of any flame.
>>>>>
>>>>> Materials for electrogravitics and especially the development
>>>>>
>>>>> of commercial quantities of high-k material is another dividend
>>>>>
>>>>> to be obtained from electrostatic research even if it produces no
>>>>>
>>>>> counterbary.This is a line of development that Aviation Studies'
>>>>>
>>>>> Gravity Research Group is following.
>>>>>
>>>>> One of the interesting aspects of electrogravitics is that a
>>>>>
>>>>> breakthrough in almost any part of the broad front of general
>>>>>
>>>>> research on the intranuclear processes may be translated into
>>>>>
>>>>> a meaningful advance towards the feasibility of electrogravitics
>>>>>
>>>>> systems.This demands constant monitoring in the most
>>>>>
>>>>> likely areas of the physics of high energy sub-nuclear particles.
>>>>>
>>>>> It is difficult to be overoptimistic about the prospects of gaining
>>>>>
>>>>> so complete a grasp of gravity while the world's physicists are
>>>>>
>>>>> still engaged in a study of fundamental particles - that is to say
>>>>>
>>>>> those that cannot be broken down any more.Fundamental particles
>>>>>
>>>>> are still being discovered - the most recent was the Segre-
>>>>>
>>>>> Chamberlain-Wiegand attachment ot the bevatron, which was
>>>>>
>>>>> used to isolate the missing anti-proton, which must - or should
>>>>>
>>>>> be presumed to - exist according to Dirac's theory of the electron.
>>>>>
>>>>> -6-
>>>>>
>>>>> Much of the accepted mathematics of particles would be wrong
>>>>>
>>>>> if the anti-proton was proved to be non-existent.Earlier
>>>>>
>>>>> Eddington has listed the fundamental particles as:-
>>>>>
>>>>> e The charge of an electron.
>>>>>
>>>>> m the mass of an electron.
>>>>>
>>>>> M the mass of a proton.
>>>>>
>>>>> h Planck's contant
>>>>>
>>>>> c The velocity of light.
>>>>>
>>>>> G The constant of gravitation, and
>>>>>
>>>>> L The cosmological constant
>>>>>
>>>>> It is generally held that no one of these can be inferred from
>>>>>
>>>>> the others.But electrons may well disappear from among the
>>>>>
>>>>> fundamental particles, though, as Russell says, it is likely that
>>>>>
>>>>> e and m will survive.The constants are much more established
>>>>>
>>>>> than the interpretation of them and are among the most solid of
>>>>>
>>>>> achievements in modern physics.
>>>>>
>>>>> * * *
>>>>>
>>>>> Gravity may be defined as a small scale departure from
>>>>>
>>>>> Euclidean space in the general theory of relativity.The
>>>>>
>>>>> gravitational constant is one of four dimensionless constants:
>>>>>
>>>>> first, the mass relation of the nucleon and electron.Second is
>>>>>
>>>>> e^2/hc, third, the Compton wavelength of the proton, and fourth
>>>>>
>>>>> is the gravitational constant, which is the ratio of the electrostatic
>>>>>
>>>>> -7-
>>>>>
>>>>> to the gravitational attraction between the electron and the
>>>>>
>>>>> proton.
>>>>>
>>>>> One of the stumbling blocks in electrogravitics is the
>>>>>
>>>>> absence of any satisfacotry theory linking these four dimension-
>>>>>
>>>>> less quantities.Of the four, moreover, gravity is decidedly the
>>>>>
>>>>> most complex, since any explanation would have to satisfy both
>>>>>
>>>>> cosmic and quantum relations more acceptably and intelligibly even
>>>>>
>>>>> than in the unified field theory.A gravitational constant of
>>>>>
>>>>> around 10^-30 has emerged from quantum research and this has
>>>>>
>>>>> been used as a tool for finding theories that could link the two
>>>>>
>>>>> relations.This work is now in full progress, and developments
>>>>>
>>>>> have to be watched for the aviation angle.Hitherto Dirac,
>>>>>
>>>>> Eddington, Jordan and others have produced differences in theory
>>>>>
>>>>> that are too wide to be accepted as consistent.It means therefore
>>>>>
>>>>> that (i) without a cosmological basis, and (ii) with an imprecise
>>>>>
>>>>> quantum basis and (iii) a vague hypothesis on the interaction,
>>>>>
>>>>> much remains still to be discovered.Indeed some say that a
>>>>>
>>>>> single interacting theory to link up the dimensionless constants
>>>>>
>>>>> is one of three major unresolved basic problems of physics.
>>>>>
>>>>> The other two main problems are the extension of quantum theory
>>>>>
>>>>> and a more detailed knowledge of the fundamental particles.
>>>>>
>>>>> All this is some distance from Newton, who saw gravity as
>>>>>
>>>>> a force acting on a body from a distance, leading to the tendency
>>>>>
>>>>> of bodies to accelerate towards each other.He allied this
>>>>>
>>>>> assumption with Euclidean geometry, and time was assumed as
>>>>>
>>>>> uniform and acted independently of space.Bodies and particles
>>>>>
>>>>> in space normally moved uniformly in straight lines according
>>>>>
>>>>> to Newton, and to account for the way they sometimes do not do
>>>>>
>>>>> so, he used the idea of a force of gravity acting at a distance,
>>>>>
>>>>> in which particles of matter cause in others an acceleration
>>>>>
>>>>> proportional to their mass, and inversely proportional to the
>>>>>
>>>>> -8-
>>>>>
>>>>> square of the distance between them.
>>>>>
>>>>> But Einstein showed how the principle of least action, or
>>>>>
>>>>> the so-called cosmic laziness means that particles, on the
>>>>>
>>>>> contrary, follow the easiest path along geodesic lines and as a
>>>>>
>>>>> result they get readily absorbed into space-time.So was born
>>>>>
>>>>> non-linear physics.The classic example of non-linear physics
>>>>>
>>>>> is the experiment in bombarding a screen with two slits.When
>>>>>
>>>>> both slits are open particles going through are not the sum of
>>>>>
>>>>> the two individually but follows a non-linear equation.This
>>>>>
>>>>> leads on to wave-particle dualism and that in turn to the
>>>>>
>>>>> Heisenberg uncertainty principle in which an increase in accuracy
>>>>>
>>>>> in measurement of one physical quantity means decreasing
>>>>>
>>>>> accuracy in measuring the other.If time is measured accurately
>>>>>
>>>>> energy calculations will be in error; the more accurate the
>>>>>
>>>>> position of a particle is established the less certain the velocity
>>>>>
>>>>> will be; and so on.This basic principle of the acausality of
>>>>>
>>>>> microphysics affects the study of gravity in the special and
>>>>>
>>>>> general theories of relativity.Lack of pictoral image in the
>>>>>
>>>>> quantum physics of this interrelationship is a difficulty at the
>>>>>
>>>>> outset for those whose minds remain obstinately Euclidean.
>>>>>
>>>>> In the special theory of relativity, space-time is seen only
>>>>>
>>>>> as an undefined interval which can be defined in any way that is
>>>>>
>>>>> convenient and the Newtonian idea of persistent particles in
>>>>>
>>>>> motion to explain gravity cannot be accepted.It must be seen
>>>>>
>>>>> rather as a synthesis of forces in a four dimensional continuum,
>>>>>
>>>>> three to establish the position and one the time.The general
>>>>>
>>>>> theory of relativity that followed a decade later was a
>>>>>
>>>>> geometrical explanation of gravitation in which bodies take the
>>>>>
>>>>> geodesic path through space-time.In turn this means that
>>>>>
>>>>> instead of the idea of a force acting at a distance it is assumed
>>>>>
>>>>> that space, time, radiation and particles are linked and
>>>>>
>>>>> variations in them from gravity are due rather to the nature of
>>>>>
>>>>> space.
>>>>>
>>>>> -9-
>>>>>
>>>>> Thus gravity of a body such as the earth, instead of pulling
>>>>>
>>>>> object towards it as Newton postulated, is adjusting the
>>>>>
>>>>> characteristics of space and, it may be inferred, the quantum
>>>>>
>>>>> mechanics of space in the vicinity of the gravitational force.
>>>>>
>>>>> Electrogravitics aims at correcting this adjustment to put
>>>>>
>>>>> matter, so to speak, 'at rest'.
>>>>>
>>>>> * * *
>>>>>
>>>>> One of the difficulties in 1954 and 1955 was to get aviation
>>>>>
>>>>> to take electrogravitics seriously.The name alone was enough
>>>>>
>>>>> to put people off.However, in the trade much progress has
>>>>>
>>>>> been made and now most major companies in the United States
>>>>>
>>>>> are interested in counterbary.Groups are being organised to
>>>>>
>>>>> study electrostatic and electromagnetic phenomena.Most of
>>>>>
>>>>> industry's leaders have made some reference to it.Douglas
>>>>>
>>>>> has now stated that it has counterbary on its work agenda but
>>>>>
>>>>> does not expect results yet awhile.Hiller has referred to new
>>>>>
>>>>> forms of flying platform, Glenn Martin say gravity control could
>>>>>
>>>>> be achieved in six years, but they add that it would entail a
>>>>>
>>>>> Manhattan District type of effort to bring it about.Sikorsky,
>>>>>
>>>>> one of the pioneers, more or less agrees with the Douglas verdict
>>>>>
>>>>> and says that gravity is tangible and formidable, but there must
>>>>>
>>>>> be a physical carrier for this immense trans-spatial force.This
>>>>>
>>>>> implies that where a physical manifestation exists, a physical
>>>>>
>>>>> device and be developed for creating a similar force moving in
>>>>>
>>>>> the opposite direction to cancel it.Clarke Electronics state
>>>>>
>>>>> thay have a rig, and add that in their view the source of
>>>>>
>>>>> gravity's force will be understood sooner than some people
>>>>>
>>>>> think.General Electric is working on the use of electronic rigs
>>>>>
>>>>> designed to make adjustments to gravity - this line of attack
>>>>>
>>>>> has the advantage of using rigs already in existence for other
>>>>>
>>>>> defence work.Bell also has an experimental rig intended, as
>>>>>
>>>>> -10-
>>>>>
>>>>> the company puts it, to cancel out gravity, and Lawrence Bell
>>>>>
>>>>> has said he is convinced that practical hardware will emerge
>>>>>
>>>>> from current programs.Grover Leoning is certain that what
>>>>>
>>>>> he referred to as an electro-magnetic contra-gravity mechanism
>>>>>
>>>>> will be developed for practical use.Convair is extensively
>>>>>
>>>>> committed to the work with several rigs.Lear Inc., autopilot
>>>>>
>>>>> and electronic engineers have a division of the company working
>>>>>
>>>>> on gravity research and so also has the Sperry division of
>>>>>
>>>>> Sperry-Rand.This list embraces most of the U.S. aircraft
>>>>>
>>>>> industry.The remainder, Curtiss-Wright, Lockheed, Boeing
>>>>>
>>>>> and North American have not yet declared themselves, but all
>>>>>
>>>>> these four are known to be in various stages of study with and
>>>>>
>>>>> without rigs.
>>>>>
>>>>> In addition, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is
>>>>>
>>>>> working on gravity, the Gravity Research Foundation of New
>>>>>
>>>>> Boston, the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, the
>>>>>
>>>>> CalTech Radiation Laboratory, Princeton University and the
>>>>>
>>>>> University of North Carolina are all active in gravity.Glenn
>>>>>
>>>>> L. Martin is setting up a Research Institute for Advanced Study
>>>>>
>>>>> which has a small staff working on gravity research with the
>>>>>
>>>>> unified field theory and this group is committed to extensive
>>>>>
>>>>> programs of applied research.Many others are also known to
>>>>>
>>>>> be studying gravity, some are known also to be planning
>>>>>
>>>>> a general expansion in this field, such as the proposed
>>>>>
>>>>> Institute for Pure Physics at the University of North Carolina.
>>>>>
>>>>> A certain amount of work is also going on in Europe.One
>>>>>
>>>>> of the French nationalized constructors and one company outside
>>>>>
>>>>> the nationalized elements have been making preliminary studies,
>>>>>
>>>>> and a little company money has in one case actually been
>>>>>
>>>>> committed.Some work is also going on in Britain where rigs
>>>>>
>>>>> are now in existence.Most of it is private tenure work, such
>>>>>
>>>>> -11-
>>>>>
>>>>> as that being done by Ed Hull, a colleague of Townsend Brown
>>>>>
>>>>> who, as much as anybody, introduced Europe to electrogravitics.
>>>>>
>>>>> Aviation Studies' Gravity Research Group is doing some work,
>>>>>
>>>>> mainly on k studies, and is sponsoring dielectric investigations.
>>>>>
>>>>> One Swedish company and two Canadian companies have
>>>>>
>>>>> been making studies, and quite recently the Germans have
>>>>>
>>>>> woken up to the possibilities.Several of the companies have
>>>>>
>>>>> started digging out some of the early German papers on wave
>>>>>
>>>>> physics.They are almost certain to plan a gravitics program.
>>>>>
>>>>> Curiously enough the Germans during the war paid no attention
>>>>>
>>>>> to electrogravitics.This is one line of advance that they did
>>>>>
>>>>> not pioneer in any way and is still basically a U.S. creation.
>>>>>
>>>>> Townsend Brown in electrogravitics is the equivalent of Frank
>>>>>
>>>>> Whittle in gas turbines.This German overlooking of
>>>>>
>>>>> electrostatics is even more surprising when it is remembered
>>>>>
>>>>> how astonishingly advanced and prescient the Germans were in
>>>>>
>>>>> nuclear research.(The modern theory of making thermonuclear
>>>>>
>>>>> weapons without plutonium fission initiators returns to the original
>>>>>
>>>>> German idea that was dismissed, even ridiculed.The Germans
>>>>>
>>>>> never went very far with fission, indeed they doubted that this
>>>>>
>>>>> chain would ever be made to work.)The German air industry,
>>>>>
>>>>> still in the embryo stage, has included electrogravitics among
>>>>>
>>>>> the subjects it intends to examine when establishing the policy
>>>>>
>>>>> that the individual companies will adopt after the present early
>>>>>
>>>>> stage of foreign licence has enabled industry to get abreast
>>>>>
>>>>> of the other countries in aircraft development.
>>>>>
>>>>> * * *
>>>>>
>>>>> It is impossible to read through this summary of the
>>>>>
>>>>> widening efforts being made to understand the nature of matter
>>>>>
>>>>> of gravity without sharing the hope that many groups now have,
>>>>>
>>>>> of major theoretical breakthroughs occurring before very long.
>>>>>
>>>>> -12-
>>>>>
>>>>> Experience in nucleonics has shown that when attempts to win
>>>>>
>>>>> knowledge on this scale are made, advances are soon seen.
>>>>>
>>>>> There are a number of elements in industry, and some
>>>>>
>>>>> managements, who see gravity as a problem for later genera-
>>>>>
>>>>> tions.Many see nothing in it all and they might be right.But as
>>>>>
>>>>> said earlier, if Dr. Vaclav Hlavaty thinks gravity is
>>>>>
>>>>> potentially controllable that surely should be justification
>>>>>
>>>>> enough, and indeed inspiration, for physicists to apply their
>>>>>
>>>>> minds and for management to take a risk.Hlavaty is the only
>>>>>
>>>>> man who thinks he can see a way of doing the mathematics to
>>>>>
>>>>> demonstrate Einstein's unified field theory - something that
>>>>>
>>>>> Einstein himself said was beyond him.Relativity and the unified
>>>>>
>>>>> field theory go to the root of electrogravitics and the shifts
>>>>>
>>>>> in thinking, the hopes and fears, and a measure of progress is
>>>>>
>>>>> to be obtained only in the last resort from men of this stature.
>>>>>
>>>>> Major theoretical breakthroughs to discover the sources
>>>>>
>>>>> of gravity will be made by the most advanced intellects using
>>>>>
>>>>> the most advanced research tools.Aviation's role is therefore
>>>>>
>>>>> to impress upon physicists of this calibre with the urgency of
>>>>>
>>>>> the matter and to aid them with statistical and peripheral
>>>>>
>>>>> investigations that will help to clarify the background to the
>>>>>
>>>>> central mathematics and physical puzzles.Aviation could also
>>>>>
>>>>> assist by recruiting some of these men as advisers.Convair has
>>>>>
>>>>> taken the initiative with its recently established panel of advisers
>>>>>
>>>>> on nuclear projects, which include Dr. Edward Teller of the
>>>>>
>>>>> University of California.At the same time much can be done in
>>>>>
>>>>> development of laboratory rigs, condenser research and dielectric
>>>>>
>>>>> development, which do not require anything like the same
>>>>>
>>>>> cerebral capacity to get results and make a practical contribution.
>>>>>
>>>>> As gravity is likely to be linked with the new particles, only
>>>>>
>>>>> the highest powered particle accelerators are likely to be of use
>>>>>
>>>>> -13-
>>>>>
>>>>> in further fundamental knowledge.The country with the biggest
>>>>>
>>>>> tools of this kind is in the best position to examine the
>>>>>
>>>>> characteristics of the particles and from these countries the
>>>>>
>>>>> greatest advances seem most likely.
>>>>>
>>>>> Though the United States has the biggest of the bevatrons -
>>>>>
>>>>> the Berkeley bevatron is 6.2 bev - the Russians have a 10 bev
>>>>>
>>>>> accelerator in construction which, when it is completed, will
>>>>>
>>>>> be the world's largest.At Brookhaven a 25 bev instrument is
>>>>>
>>>>> in development which, in turn, will be the biggest.Other
>>>>>
>>>>> countries without comparable facilities are of course at a
>>>>>
>>>>> great disadvantage from the outset in the contest to discover the
>>>>>
>>>>> explanations of gravity.Electrogravitics, moreover, unfortunately
>>>>>
>>>>> competes with nuclear studies for its facilities.The clearest
>>>>>
>>>>> thinking brains are bound to be attracted to locations where the
>>>>>
>>>>> most extensive laboratory equipment exists.So, one way and
>>>>>
>>>>> another, results are most likely to come from the major
>>>>>
>>>>> countries with the biggest undertakings.Thus the nuclear
>>>>>
>>>>> facilities have a direct bearing on the scope for electrogravitics
>>>>>
>>>>> work.
>>>>>
>>>>> The OEEC report in January made the following points:-
>>>>>
>>>>> The U.S. has six to eight entirely different types of reactor in
>>>>>
>>>>> operation and many more under construction.Europe has now
>>>>>
>>>>> two different types in service.
>>>>>
>>>>> The U.S. has about 30 research reactors plus four in Britain,
>>>>>
>>>>> two in France.
>>>>>
>>>>> The U.S. has two nuclear-powered marine engines.Europe has
>>>>>
>>>>> none, but the U.K. is building one.
>>>>>
>>>>> Isotope separation plants for the enrichment of uranium in
>>>>>
>>>>> the U.S. are roughly 11 times larger than the European
>>>>>
>>>>> plant in Britain.
>>>>>
>>>>> Europe's only heavy water plant (in Norway) produces somewhat
>>>>>
>>>>> less than one-twentieth of American output.
>>>>>
>>>>> In 1955 the number of technicians employed in nuclear energy
>>>>>
>>>>> work in the U.S. was about 15,000; there are about 5,000 in
>>>>>
>>>>> Britain, 1,800 in France, and about 1,000 in the rest of
>>>>>
>>>>> Europe.But the working party says that pessimistic conclusions
>>>>>
>>>>> should not be drawn from these comparisons.European nuclear
>>>>>
>>>>> energy effort is evenly divided at the moment, but some
>>>>>
>>>>> countries have notable achievements to their credit and important
>>>>>
>>>>> developments in prospect.The main reason for optimism is
>>>>>
>>>>> that, taken as a whole, "Europe's present nuclear effort falls
>>>>>
>>>>> very far short of its industrial potential".
>>>>>
>>>>> Though gravity research, such as there has been of it,
>>>>>
>>>>> has been unclassified, new principles and information gained
>>>>>
>>>>> from the nuclear research facilities that have a vehicle application
>>>>>
>>>>> is expected to be withheld.
>>>>>
>>>>> The heart of the problem to understanding gravity is likely
>>>>>
>>>>> to prove to be the way in which the very high energy sub-nuclear
>>>>>
>>>>> particles convert something, whatever it is, continuously and
>>>>>
>>>>> automatically into the tremendous nuclear and electromagnetic
>>>>>
>>>>> forces.Once this key is understood, attention can later be
>>>>>
>>>>> directed to finding laboratory means of duplicating the process
>>>>>
>>>>> and reversing its force lines in some local environment and
>>>>>
>>>>> returning the energy to itself to produce counterbary.Looking
>>>>>
>>>>> beyond it seems possible that gravitation will be shown to be a
>>>>>
>>>>> part of the universal electro-magnetic processes and controlled
>>>>>
>>>>> -15-
>>>>>
>>>>> in the same way as a light wave or radio wave.This is a synthesis
>>>>>
>>>>> of the Einstein and Hlavaty concepts.Hence it follows that though
>>>>>
>>>>> in its initial form the mechanical processes for countering
>>>>>
>>>>> gravity may initially be massive to deal with the massive forces
>>>>>
>>>>> involved, eventually this could be expected to form some central
>>>>>
>>>>> power generation unit.Barycentric control in some required
>>>>>
>>>>> quantity could be passed over a distance by a form of radio
>>>>>
>>>>> wave.The prime energy source to energise the waves would
>>>>>
>>>>> of course be nuclear in its origins.
>>>>>
>>>>> It is difficult to say which lines of detailed development
>>>>>
>>>>> being processed in the immediate future is more likely to yield
>>>>>
>>>>> significant results.Perhaps the three most promising are:
>>>>>
>>>>> first, the new attempt by the team of men led by Chamberlain
>>>>>
>>>>> working with the Berkeley bevatron to find the anti-neutron,
>>>>>
>>>>> and to identify more of the characteristics of the anti-proton*
>>>>>
>>>>> and each of the string of high energy particles that have been
>>>>>
>>>>> discovered during recent operations at 6.2 bev.
>>>>>
>>>>> A second line of approach is the United States National
>>>>>
>>>>> Bureau of Standards program to pin down with greater accuracy
>>>>>
>>>>> the acceleration values of gravity.The presently accepted figure
>>>>>
>>>>> ___________________________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>> *The reaction is as follows:protons are accelerated to 6.2 bev,
>>>>>
>>>>> and directed at a target of copper.When the proton projectile
>>>>>
>>>>> hits a neutron in one of the copper atoms the following emerge:
>>>>>
>>>>> the two original particles (the projectile and the struck neutron)
>>>>>
>>>>> and a new pair of particles, a proton and anti-proton.The
>>>>>
>>>>> anti-proton continues briefly until it hits another proton, then
>>>>>
>>>>> both disappear and decay into mesons.
>>>>>
>>>>> ___________________________________________________________
>>>>>
>>>>> -16-
>>>>>
>>>>> of 32.174 feet per second per second is known to be not
>>>>>
>>>>> comprehensive, though it has been sufficiently accurte
>>>>>
>>>>> for the limited needs of industry hitherto.The NBS program
>>>>>
>>>>> aims at re-determining the strength of gravity to within one
>>>>>
>>>>> part of a million. The present method thas been to hold a ball
>>>>>
>>>>> 16 feet up and chart the elapsed time of descent with electronic
>>>>>
>>>>> measuring equipment.The new program is based on the old, but
>>>>>
>>>>> with this exceptional degree of accuracy it is naturally immensely
>>>>>
>>>>> more difficult and is expected to take 3 years.
>>>>>
>>>>> A third promising line is the new technique of measuring
>>>>>
>>>>> high energy particles in motion that was started by the
>>>>>
>>>>> University of California last year.This involves passing
>>>>>
>>>>> cosmic rays through a chamber containing a mixture of gas,
>>>>>
>>>>> alcohol and water vapour.This creates charged atoms, or
>>>>>
>>>>> positive ions, by knocking electrons off the gas molecules.A
>>>>>
>>>>> sudden expansion of the chamber results in a condensation of
>>>>>
>>>>> water droplets along the track which can be plotted on a
>>>>>
>>>>> photographic plate.This method makes it easier to assess the
>>>>>
>>>>> energy of particles and to distinguish one from the other.It
>>>>>
>>>>> also helps to establish the characteristics of the different
>>>>>
>>>>> types of particles.The relationship between these high energy
>>>>>
>>>>> particles, and their origin, and characteristics, have a bearing
>>>>>
>>>>> on electrogravitics in general.
>>>>>
>>>>> So much of what has to be discovered as a necessary
>>>>>
>>>>> preliminary to gravity is of no practical use by itself.There is
>>>>>
>>>>> no conceivable use, for instance, for the anti-proton, yet its
>>>>>
>>>>> discovery even at a cost of $9-million is essential to check the
>>>>>
>>>>> mathematics of the fundamental components of matter.Similarly
>>>>>
>>>>> it is necessary to check that all the nuclear ghosts that have been
>>>>>
>>>>> postulated theoretically do in fact exist.It is not, moreover,
>>>>>
>>>>> sufficient, as in the past, only to observe the particles by
>>>>>
>>>>> -17-
>>>>>
>>>>> radiation counters.In each instance a mechanical maze has to
>>>>>
>>>>> be devised and attached to a particle accelerator to trap only
>>>>>
>>>>> the particle concerned.Each discovery becomes a wedge for
>>>>>
>>>>> a deeper probe of the nucleus.Many of the particles of very high
>>>>>
>>>>> energy have only a fleeting existence and collisions that give
>>>>>
>>>>> rise to them from bevatron
>>>>>
>>>>> --
>>>>>
>>>>> ZE [email protected] +351 53 22244ZarSoft Corporation
>>>>>
>>>>> "Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it,
>>>>> doesn't go away."
>>>>>
>>>>> Philip K. Dick
>>>>>
>>>>> </PRE>
>>>>>
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