Body
The gas flow is highly laminar. Have you ever seen a Lockheed 104, Star
fighter loose a wing due to cavitation erosion! NaDa! Speaking of
cavitation, back in 1956 through 1963, I ran the repair department for a
large Marina. My into to cavitation was with boat propellers where I
often saw lots of erosion. You have to understand your above question as
to when and how micro vortex cavitation occurs. When a boat is operating
at high speeds, the water flow is highly laminar. When in stall, high
torque operation, there is huge cavitation. Example was shown to me by
a large Contractor operating a big sand dredge in the Red River
producing sand for the concrete and road construction folks. They had a
50 ton dredge barge in the river being moved around with a 25 HP Johnson
outboard. The outboard was operated at about 3/4 throttle (4500 RPM,
gear ratio of 12/21 = 1.75:1 = prop RPM of 2570 in a near stall
configuration created a huge cavitation situation. 6 months of operating
the aluminum props would eat away all the metal at the blade root near
the hub. When the 4 bladed hard bronze work props came out, a lot of
these problem went away for the 4 blade design was more suited to this
stall type of thrust. Observe and you will learn. Oh! Jim, mt
business partner was into the carbon/carbon composite business so we
designed our turbine disk out of glass smooth carbon composite which is
10X stronger than steel.
I built several of the turbines, one of which I donated to the Tesla
Museum at Colorado Springs back in 1995. It operated on liquid CO2,with
heat ex changer to make regulated 120PSI gas driving the nozzles at the
disk. It had a built in alternator to show the generation of electricity
from gas flow. Was neat. Dennis Lee bought all of the Museum property
at Bankruptcy Sale. $5,000 cash!
My Tesla Turbine construction bench in my 5200 sq. ft. lab.
On 12/13/2018 7:15 AM, Mick Jekyll [email protected] [EVGRAY] wrote:
> Norm, How is cavitation damage to the disks prevented?
>
> This shock wave action answers all the issues with the low torque of
> all the non shockwave designs, very eye opening.
>
> Oh and I was half right, he already was specifying a variable nozzle
> like the latest Porsche turbochargers. Interesting how their turbolag
> is just about non existant now.
>
> On Thu, Dec 13, 2018, 7:22 AM Norman Wootan [email protected]
> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] <[email protected]
> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>
> Since I am a graduate of Embry Riddle Aeronautical University and
> spent practically a life-time in Aeronautics, I tend to understand
> the operation of this turbine as Nikola Tesla designed it and not
> like the shade tree builders envision it. The Schifrin
> Photography of super-sonic air flow over airfoils back in the day
> of NACA before NASA. opened the door of understanding just how
> Tesla's Turbine really worked.
>
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_turbine
>
> Quote, A Tesla turbine consists of a set of smooth disks, with
> nozzles <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle> applying a moving
> fluid to the edge of the disk.
>
> DeLeval nozzle designed to achieve sonic velocities and energy
> conversion in throat choking. see diagram
>
> https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Nozzle_de_Laval_diagram.svg/250px-Nozzle_de_Laval_diagram.svg.png
>
> Red line is Temperature and Green line is pressure both are called
> Potential Energy. The Blue line is Kinetic Energy and with proper
> throat design for a given condition you can achieve a near
> complete conversion of Energy from Potential to Kinetic. The
> Tesla nozzle was tune-able to achieve these conditions.
>
> In Fig 4 Tesla depicted the tune-able DeLeval throat to achieve
> the sonic velocities needed to drive the disk with shock wave
> adhesion.
>
> For super high efficiencies, the Tesla Turbine must be operated
> with a condense-able fluid, water to steam back to water. My
> condenser operated at around 40 degrees F. (partial vacuum). My
> operating fluid was Refrigerant R-113 which gave me a vapor
> density greater than air and was condense-able below the boiling
> point of 117 degree F.
>
> This turbine can also be applied to condensing plants operating
> with high vacuum. In such a case, owing to the very great
> expansion ratio, the exhaust mixture will be at a relatively low
> temperature and suitable for admission to the condenser.
>
> On 12/12/2018 2:54 PM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>
>> Mick, Tesla knew DeLeval and since Allis Chalmers, Millwakee,WI
>> was already employing the nozzles in their commercial turbines,
>> he went to them to build his Turbines and test them.
>>
>> https://www.autoevolution.com/news/nikola-tesla-s-revolutionary-engine-still-lies-untouched-here-s-how-it-works-112254.html
>>
>> The Turbine tested by Con Edison, NY 200 HP
>>
>> The Allis-Chalmers version, 1 0f 3 built. 500 HP
>>
>> On 12/12/2018 9:12 AM, Norman Wootan wrote:
>>>
>>> Mick, WRONG on your ideas regarding the Tesla Turbine operating
>>> principles. In my presentation at the Steven Elswick, Tesla
>>> Tech Conference, 2016, I went into great detail as to the
>>> operating principles of Teslas' Turbine which is nothing like
>>> you see, so called experts claiming. (Reason why I wanted Doug
>>> to Post the DVD on YouTube). First of all, to achieve the
>>> fantastic efficiencies that Tesla got was to understand super
>>> sonic shock waves that adhere to the smooth disk boundary layer.
>>> DeLeval developed the nozzle for rockets to achieve the thrust
>>> needed for flight which was quickly picked up on by Robert
>>> Goddard. A properly designed Tesla Turbine has DeLeval nozzles
>>> which operate at about 1400 ft./sec. velocities which is just
>>> above super sonic velocity. A short distance from the nozzle the
>>> driving gases transition to sub-sonic velocity forming a
>>> transition shock wave which imparts the full kinetic energy of
>>> the gases to the moving disk. Remember that you are converting
>>> POTENTIAL ENERGY (high pressure gas in steam chest) into KINETIC
>>> ENERGY super sonic gas flow. NO ONE understands this basic
>>> principle. Steven Elswick, Tesla Tech has my DVD for sale.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> enter image description here
>>>
>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle
>>> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzle
>>>
>>> Do some reading and understand the terminology such as CHOKED
>>> FLOW to achieve super-sonic velocities.
>>> Mick, It is all in your basic research and understanding.
>>>
>>> On 12/11/2018 5:05 PM, Mick Jekyll [email protected]
>>> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY] wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Norman,
>>>> Fantastic projects you have been involved with. Have had many
>>>> mental exercises in advances to the boundary layer turbine.
>>>> One of which is a more parabolic funnel type core with
>>>> graduated sized disks and the variable nozzle addition similar
>>>> to the latest Porsche turbochargers that overcome turbo lag.
>>>> Also variable disk spacing would be trick but more to go wrong.
>>>> So in essence a bit of Schauberger thrown in with Tesla for
>>>> good measure. A tad bit more complex. Sounds as if you have
>>>> had similar thoughts and already engineered something from
>>>> both camps of thought.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Dec 11, 2018 9:39 AM, "Norman Wootan [email protected]
>>>> <mailto:[email protected]> [EVGRAY]" <[email protected]
>>>> <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> When Looking back into the 20 plus years of files,
>>>> documentation, e-mail and Keely Net BBS dialog files,it
>>>> would be a crying shame for all of this valuable and
>>>> informative data to be lost. I have decided to post,
>>>> incrementally a lot of information onto this group site for
>>>> your research use if you choose. In retrospect, I have
>>>> realized that many folks out there have stolen ideas,
>>>> Patents etc. from those of us that have given information
>>>> freely as did Tesla and even Hector. I have always tried
>>>> to share knowledge for the benefit of all.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Norman L. Wootan
>>>>
>>>> 13723 Lynndale Loop
>>>>
>>>> Abbeville, LA 70510
>>>>
>>>> [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
>>>>
>>>> (214)907-0010
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES”
>>>> Green Energy Systems
>>>>
>>>> The “Implosion Vortex Reactor” (IVR) was the starting block
>>>> of technology for the VES program.
>>>>
>>>> Due to my visit with Jim, in his home in CA. in thesummer
>>>> of 2001 searching for an “ultra high temp.” ceramic
>>>> material, his intense interest was “tweaked” in this
>>>> technology!
>>>>
>>>> I digress here:In 1980, I was developing the methodology
>>>> for making hydrogen gas from basic carbon and water in a
>>>> unique type of reactor vessel. In 1994, I machined and
>>>> assembled the first prototype 304 stainless “Implosion
>>>> Vortex Reactor”.Was not able to arouse any interest in the
>>>> technology here in the US.An Investor Group in Berlin GE
>>>> invited Me in 2001 to fly to Berlin and do a formal
>>>> presentation of the technology at which time the Patent
>>>> process was begun and funding for the project was set up. I
>>>> went to Carson City NV. And set up the necessary Wells
>>>> Fargo account and Incorporation for the funding to
>>>> proceed.A 5200 sq. ft. Research lab was constructed on my
>>>> 52 acre farm at Hubbard, TX for the purpose of prototype
>>>> development.I was in weekly contact with Jim due to his
>>>> interest in the Project.In 2005, the Project was funded
>>>> ($1.5 million) by GAZPROM, Russia being represented by Her
>>>> Deitsmar.My prototype development was funded at the
>>>> $250,000 level. While I was machining out the two
>>>> prototypes (one from 6061 aluminum to develop the CAD specs
>>>> and drawings, and the second working, “proof of concept
>>>> reactor” from 310 stainless steel) Jim asked me to assist
>>>> him in the construction of a Vapor Infusion Furnace at
>>>> Carbondale, IL so that he could produce a needed densified
>>>> ceramic reactor unit!I have provided you in previous
>>>> documentation the background info on this Program at SICU.
>>>> In which we had a working agreement with the University. In
>>>> the spring of 2006, at the “Proof of concept” test of
>>>> stainless IVR attended by 6 Engineers and Investor
>>>> representatives from Europe it was learned that John
>>>> MacAllen Funding and Project coordinator has
>>>> misappropriated $1.2 million of the Project funds. He had
>>>> moved to the US from Berlin, GE and purchased a home and
>>>> yacht in Florida of which we had a satellite photo of home
>>>> and boat in the slip.GAZPROM, Russia took legal action
>>>> against MacAllen and took possession of both prototypes and
>>>> Patent Rights.See: both Euro and U.S. Patents.In the spring
>>>> of 2006, Jim and I agreed to pursue the IVR technology
>>>> using the JEP Patent Process to Patent around my basic
>>>> patents. Jim had the technology to produce the required
>>>> densified ceramics so as to operate the IVR at the optimum
>>>> thermal environment. It was our intention to build out our
>>>> version of the “Implosion Vortex Reactor” at the envisioned
>>>> Victorville, CA Lab Complex when the project was adequately
>>>> funded. To that end, Jim was working his heart out!Since I
>>>> designed the IVR and wrote the Patents, I left a lot of the
>>>> “technology” undisclosed so as to have the latitude for the
>>>> JEP Patent Process which Jim wanted to do with our Patent
>>>> Attorney.Jim gave me the big “atta boy” for having the
>>>> forsight and thinking ahead!I have a complete historical
>>>> book of the whole Project with all the Contact Letters with
>>>> both US Government and Industrial Investors.I hand
>>>> delivered a complete set of these documents to the George
>>>> Bush Western Whitehouse at Crawford, TX for our President
>>>> to review.The same docs were provided to DOE, Newt Gingrich
>>>> and Senator Byrd of WVA.This will give you a great deal of
>>>> insight into the IVR portion of our “VES” Program!
>>>>
>>>> Next!The “Implosion Vortex Turbine” our “Prime Mover”(my
>>>> vastly improved Tesla Turbine)
>>>>
>>>> To be continued in next message:
>>>>
>>>> Time line development of Technologies related to “VES”
>>>> Green Energy Systems
>>>>
>>>> This is the second Technology for the “VES” Project:The
>>>> Implosion Vortex Turbine.
>>>>
>>>> Since back in the early 70’s I have been an “avid”
>>>> Researcher in the Technology of Nikola Tesla.I have
>>>> everything that has ever been written by or about this
>>>> “genius”.Of very special interest was his Boundary Layer
>>>> Turbine which he patented in 1913.After doing extensive
>>>> research into this very efficient turbine unit I quickly
>>>> came to the conclusion that all that were writing about or
>>>> researching this device did not fully understand just how
>>>> it worked for Tesla was very “shrewd” in writing his
>>>> patents and never divulged all of the technology!I went to
>>>> the very “top” internet sites and publications regarding
>>>> the subject turbine and found that no one had a “clue’ as
>>>> to how it really was intended to work at the “super high
>>>> thermal conversion” figures.Bendix Corp. tested a 500HP
>>>> version of this turbine being operated on steam and was
>>>> astounded with the results. This turbine was abandoned
>>>> early due to the lack of the proper metallurgy needed in
>>>> the runners (disk) which had the needed stress modulus.Due
>>>> to my background and Degree in the Aeronautical Discipline
>>>> I fully understood just how the Boundary Layer Effect was
>>>> utilized by Tesla to achieve the phenomenal thermal
>>>> efficiency. In 1994, same shop that I machined the IVR
>>>> unit; I built a museum quality Tesla Turbine to demonstrate
>>>> the technology.I filed with the US Patent office the Patent
>>>> Disclosure of a new very unique new hub design that
>>>> eliminated all the labyrinth seal design of Tesla and
>>>> booster the operational efficiency and simplified the
>>>> construction of said turbine.At the International Tesla
>>>> Conference, Colorado Springs, 1995, I donated this Tesla
>>>> Turbine along with the Patent Disclosure to the museum and
>>>> it went on display and was demonstrated to all museum visitors.
>>>>
>>>> After Jim and I addressed the IVR under “VES” his next
>>>> question was “Norm, how are we going to utilize the thermal
>>>> output of the IVR for power generation”?My answer, Tesla
>>>> Boundary Layer Turbine, to which Jim said, “Please educate
>>>> me for I have not heard of this before”.I sent to Jim all
>>>> the documentation and drawings along with stress analytical
>>>> formulas for the high speed disk utilized in the
>>>> turbine.Since this turbine operates at such high speeds,
>>>> Jim quickly showed me the stress calculations for runners
>>>> (disk) that he would produce in carbon/carbon composite
>>>> that would successfully operate in the required environment
>>>> and would be impervious to erosion and could be surface
>>>> finished at the micron level.I laid out in “Flow block”
>>>> diagrams, the operation of the Boundary layer Turbine
>>>> utilizing a high density refrigerant that had the
>>>> operational characteristics we needed for a low pressure,
>>>> low temperature very efficient turbine.To achieve the “off
>>>> the charts” thermal efficiency, advanced Mechanical Vapor
>>>> Recompression (MVR) Industrial Heat pumping technology will
>>>> be incorporated into the System. We are able to achieve a
>>>> very conservative COP of 20:1 Energy in vs. thermal
>>>> output.This is totally achievable in the modern Heat pump
>>>> Technology!(MVR) Heat Pump technology will be address in
>>>> next segment. Our system is a huge shift from the current
>>>> steam turbines which all operate at very high pressures and
>>>> very high temperatures so as to maximize the extraction or
>>>> conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy to
>>>> drive the generators (really alternators).“Carnot’ cycle”
>>>> or method of calculating system thermal efficiency. Our
>>>> System operates at relatively low pressures and
>>>> temperatures vastly simplifying design, fabrication and
>>>> operation and practically eliminates most maintenance
>>>> requirements. Both Jim and I have all the documentation of
>>>> this System in our files!This is a unique System approach
>>>> to be prototyped and Patent Apply for at the Victorville
>>>> Facility.
>>>>
>>>> No one has put together the “blocks” for such a System that
>>>> has such very high performance and efficiency.
>>>>
>>>> Next segment: MVR
>>>>
>>>> ...
>>>>
>