Body
Going back to a subject not fully understood. What is Heat? Which has
more energy, Holes or Electrons? Hot surface = holes due to missing
electrons vs cold surface= packing of electrons until all holes are
filled (absolute zero conditions) BTW, absolute zero conditions, there
is no Browning Motion for there are no holes for electrons to move in
the atomic lattice. See:
https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/199606/achieve.cfm
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen
Kone,
I am working with the ground return so there is the extra energy not
just from the additional in the coil collapse but from the neutral spike
Norm is on to. It is elusive because it requires a solid negative pulse
for that huge power return strike just like lighting. With positive
lightening there is no return strike. The return mucks up everything
silicon so no wonder it has been completely engineered around. It's
difficult to get solid negative with high voltage as the oscillations
provide as you know the counter field so the proper neg polarity to
input of a coil doesn't cut it but is a good start. This is why Tesla
was using magnetic to fraction out the negative traveling wave which is
what he referred to as radiant. I am sure certain materials also
contribute to a more pure charge one way or the other just like with
static charges. We just have to learn to use the proper materials in
our coils for the expected outcomes.
http://wxbrad.com/positive-lightning-why-its-so-dangerous/
<http://wxbrad.com/positive-lightning-why-its-so-dangerous/>
If you think about this for a moment, I believe you will understand the
concentration of negative charge (cold) creating the huge amounts of ice
& hail in the negative thunderstorm. Moray is interested in the positive
lighting producing the sprite events over the storms as photographed by
the ISIS Space Station. (interaction of the Hot positive charge with the
Cold Negative ionosphere.)
*What is Heat ?*
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By
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*Norman L. Wootan*
*Battle Creek Farms*
*22825 FM709N*
*Hubbard, TX 76648*
*(214)907-0010
*
*[email protected]*
What is Heat #2
For about 10 years I have been studying the effects of
heating and cooling associated with the phase change of
liquids with the hope of building a simple generator of
electrical power around the phenomenon.The reason for this
interest is based on the theory that energy can be extracted
from the ambient background via thermal differentials.My
line of thinking really took off back when I experimented
with the all too familiar Peltier junction devices found in
electronic cooling devices.Would you believe that most
people do not understand how these devices move thermal
energy through a current flow across a semiconductor
junction.Historically we find thatGerman physicist,
Thomas Seebeck back in 1820 observed that when heat was
applied to a junction of copper and steel wire that
electrical energy resulted.Later in 1834 Jean Peltier
discovered that when a direct current was applied to two
dissimilar metals the junction got hot or cold.It was not
until 1838 that Emil Lenz clearly showed the importance of
both Seebeck and Peltier s discoveries by placing a drop of
water on the junction of dissimilar metals which froze then
melted when the polarity of the direct current was
reversed.These discoveries remained dormant for over 100
years because of the unavailability of semiconductor
materials which could provide the wide temperature
differentials.In the 1930 s semiconductor materials became
available which revived the electric cooling principles.In
the 1960 s many companies began building spot cooling
devices and refrigerators based on these effects using a
junction material of bismuth-telluride. Today more advanced
materials are used with the basic parameters of being a pore
thermal conductor but being an excellent electrical
conductor. The dissimilar materials must provide a high
coefficient of voltage temperature relationship.The first
Peltier devices that I experimented with back about 10 years
ago were built by Marlow Industries here in Dallas.With a
small temperature differential across the device a weak
current with an attendant voltage was developed.Increasing
the differential provided a proportional increase in current
and voltage.About 6 years ago I posted a chart of the
wattage generated from two different size Peltier chips on
the KeelyNet BBS.My curiosity was based on the puzzle of
how electron flow could move thermal energy across the
junctions and how electrical energy was produced by moving
thermal energy across the junction.This is a directly
reversible situation based on polarity.
Now let us look at a very familiar parallel process used in
refrigeration, cooling and heating devices employing phase
change material such as water and refrigerants.We have
always been led to believe that evaporating water provided
cooling effects which is a mechanical process. By the same
mechanical process we are provided heating effects by the
condensation of a gas back to a liquid phase change.Would
you believe that any material that undergoes a phase change
provides an attendant electrical effect.Back in 1840
Armstrong invented an electrostatic generator based on
escaping steam through insulated nozzles which provided one
of the most powerful devices of this type ever built.
Popular belief was that this was a frictional process with
the electrical output resulting from the steam friction
passing through the nozzles.After reading an old (1920 s)
Thermodynamics in Chemistry text book I realized that the
phase change of materials was an electrical phenomenon and
not purely mechanical.The atoms of the material lose or
gain electrons in the process which accounts for the
discrepancy in the energy equation when a material
transitions between phases.More energy is present after
the phase change back to the lower form or atomic state. The
text book stated that this phenomenon could not be
explained.When Jerry and I attended a Conference hosted by
Hal Puthoff down in Austin back about 6 years ago a
physicist from Austria presented a paper on the phase change
of water and the attendant electrical phenomenon which is
totally not understood by modern science.Now my suspicions
were confirmed that phase changes of materials are an
electrostatic phenomenon, which leads us to the fundamental
question of,What is heat?We were told in theschool
that heat is the presence of energy and cool is the absence
of energy.What is the form of this energy?Let us look at
a very simple example of heating which may explain this
process.When sunlight strikes an absorbing surface it is
heated because electrons in the material are converted to
photons which are emitted in the infrared band of light
leaving the material in a net positive state or hot.The
more electrons a material looses the hotter it becomes.Now
the inverse situation is explored by evaporating some water
from the surface of a material which leaves the surface in a
net negative state or cold.Heat or cold is based on the
ion relationship in the material.When we apply a flame
(ionizing) to a material we cause the emission of photons
which is basically stripping away electrons from the atomic
structure causing a gross net positive situation to occur.
Now we are getting a picture as to how an electric current
across the Peltier junction can transport thermal energy
(ions).Since the energy is in the form of presence or
absence of electrons then it is a simple explanation as to
how the process works.All phase change processes work the
same way basically via ion transport and are not mechanical
processes which we were taught.Everythingin chemistry is
an electrical or electrostatic process at the atomic level
based on the ionized state of the atoms involved.
At a Vanguard Science Roundtable discussion several years ago
we talked about the ion wind method of fire fighting in
which ionized air will extinguish a flame because of the
cooling effects.Now we see Patents issued based on
negative ion spraying of a surface causing it to rapidly
cool because it becomes net negative charged.This is a
very efficient method of air conditioning because an ion
generator operates at very high voltages with very little
current involved.It is possible to develop this ion
transport (thermal energy) to provide direct electrical
output from very subtle temperature differentials.Remember
that this is a direct reversible process where a thermal
differential will cause a development of current and voltage
as in the Peltier device.I hope that this dialog will
provide some food for thought out there on the KeelyNet.
Please provide some feedback on this very interesting line
of experimentation.Norm
BTW, when the Patent Office started researching "Super Conductivity"
they ran right into Tesla's work with the idea of using the Linde,
liquid air process to provide a super conductive Tesla Coil primary.
Tesla understood the power of a "Cold Sink" with electron densities of a
very high order! "Hmmmmn"!
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